CN108134401A - Ac/dc Power Systems multiple target tide optimization and control method - Google Patents

Ac/dc Power Systems multiple target tide optimization and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108134401A
CN108134401A CN201711377989.8A CN201711377989A CN108134401A CN 108134401 A CN108134401 A CN 108134401A CN 201711377989 A CN201711377989 A CN 201711377989A CN 108134401 A CN108134401 A CN 108134401A
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power
flow controller
current conversion
conversion station
voltage
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CN108134401B (en
Inventor
李国庆
王浩翔
王鹤
王振浩
陈厚合
边竞
辛业春
李卫国
杨洋
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Northeast Electric Power University
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Northeast Dianli University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/04Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H02J3/06Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Abstract

A kind of Ac/dc Power Systems multiple target tide optimization and control method, belong to technical field of electric power.The purpose of the present invention is by carrying out multiple target tide optimization to the alternating current-direct current power grid containing DC power flow controller, the upper layer commands that optimum results are converted to current conversion station and DC power flow controller are sent out from grid dispatching center, realize current conversion station and the Ac/dc Power Systems multiple target tide optimization and control method of the control of DC power flow controller coordinate.The present invention step be:Dispatching control center receives the data such as the DC voltage obtained from alternating current-direct current power grid measurement and active power;The data obtained using measurement, the alternating current-direct current power grid optimal load flow for carrying out the controller containing DC power flow are calculated;According to optimal load flow as a result, dispatching control center issues instructions to each current conversion station and DC power flow controller;Each current conversion station and DC power flow controller realize optimal power flow control by the control strategy adjustment operating status of pre-selection setting.The present invention is typically mounted at due to DC power flow controller at the dc bus of hinge current conversion station, and power flowcontrol effect is effective supplement of current conversion station power flowcontrol.

Description

Ac/dc Power Systems multiple target tide optimization and control method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of electric power.
Background technology
With global climate gradually deteriorate, environmental pollution be on the rise and the increasingly depleted of fossil energy, can be again The utilization and exploitation of the raw energy receive the attention of countries in the world, particularly solar power generation, wind power generation etc. in recent years Proportion is stepped up in energy resource supply.However, wind energy, solar energy, ocean energy all have intermittence, fluctuation, randomness Not the features such as storability, belong to fitful power for generating electricity.Various extensive regenerative resources are gradually accessed into electricity Net, along with the rapid increasing of various distributed energy acquisition and storage devices, " plug and play " equipment and large size city load Add, traditional electric network composition, running technology and electrical circuitry equipment etc. are difficult to meet provides multiple feed and more drop points by electricity to it Requirement, it is therefore desirable to meet the profound change of future source of energy pattern using new electric network composition, advanced technology and equipment.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is by containing DC power flow controller alternating current-direct current power grid carry out multiple target tide optimization, The upper layer commands that optimum results are converted to current conversion station and DC power flow controller are sent out from grid dispatching center, realize the change of current Stand and DC power flow controller coordinate control Ac/dc Power Systems multiple target tide optimization and control method.
The present invention step be:
Step 1:Dispatching control center receives the data such as the DC voltage obtained from alternating current-direct current power grid measurement and active power;
Step 2:The data obtained using measurement, the alternating current-direct current power grid optimal load flow for carrying out the controller containing DC power flow are calculated;
(1) the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model containing DC power flow controller is established;
1. establish included three object functions in optimal load flow mathematical model:Via net loss, voltage deviation and Static Electro Press stability margin;
2. determine straight-flow system equation in optimal load flow mathematical model;
3. determine the constraints of AC system equation and system in optimal load flow mathematical model;
(2) optimal load flow for introducing equivalent injected power method is solved, multiple target tide optimization is carried out to entire alternating current-direct current power grid;
Step 3:According to optimal load flow as a result, dispatching control center issues instructions to each current conversion station and DC power flow controller;
Step 4:Each current conversion station and DC power flow controller realize that trend is excellent by the control strategy adjustment operating status of pre-selection setting Change control;
(1) current conversion station is adjusted;
(2) DC power flow controller is adjusted.
The ac and dc systems multiple target trend that the optimization of tide model of the present invention is broadly divided into the controller containing DC power flow is excellent Change the foundation of mathematical model and the cooperation of DC power flow controller and current conversion station;
1. the foundation of the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model of the controller containing DC power flow includes:Three target letters Number, AC system equation and straight-flow system equation;
(1) object function:
First, loss minimization:
In formula:fQTotal network loss of expression system;Pk.lossRepresent the network loss of branch k;Pi.lossRepresent the network loss of i-th of VSC;gkTable Show the conductance of branch k, IciElectric current for i-th of VSC;A, b, c are the coefficients for calculating transverter loss;NBFor all branch collection It closes;NVSCFor VSC node sets;PDCPFC.lossRepresent the loss of DC power flow controller;NCTo install DC power flow controller additional All set of fingers that current conversion station is connected;UkFor transverter both end voltage value in circuit;IkTo install DC power flow controller additional The current value of circuit that is connected of current conversion station;
2nd, systematic offset voltage amount is minimum:
In formula,Represent the desired voltage values of node i,Represent the maximum voltage of node i,Represent node i most Small voltage; NAFor all node sets;UilineExit potential for flow controller;After flow controller is added in, due to becoming Influence than M causes corresponding node voltage to change;
3rd, air extract is maximum:
Max.vSMmin (4)
In formula, δminMinimum singular value for the Jacobian matrix for restraining trend;
(2) AC system equation:
In formula, the voltage magnitude at the branch both ends is respectively uiAnd uj, θijPhase angle difference for two node of i, j;PGiAnd PDiRespectively The Active Generation power and load power of node i;QGiAnd QDiThe respectively reactive power generation power and load power of node i;Gij And BijThe real and imaginary parts that the i-th row jth arranges in bus admittance matrix are represented respectively;NPQFor PQ node sets;NiExpression and node The set for all nodes that i is connected (including itself);S represents balance nodes;
(3) straight-flow system equation:
Looped network formula DC grid after DC power flow controller is added in, is described as follows:
R12、R15、R23、R25、R35、R45The resistance value of respectively five branch roads;VM1、VM2、VM3、VM4Respectively it is mounted on the change of current The DC power flow controller stood at 5 MMC submodule voltage values equivalent in each circuit;
DC power flow controller is input voltage with a current conversion station port voltage, using flow controller exit potential as output electricity The ideal transformer model of pressure replaces;The expression formula of the no-load voltage ratio M of the ideal transformer is:
In formula, UlineFor the exit potential of flow controller, VSC current conversion stations port voltage is as input voltage, that is, UVSC
Installation branch current is after installing flow controller additional:
In formula, VCRepresent the voltage at flow controller both ends, behind use UCIt represents;
Installing branch transimission power additional is:
In formula, P12、P15、P23、P25、P35、P45Respectively VSC1With VSC2, VSC1With VSC5, VSC2With VSC3, VSC2With VSC5, VSC3With VSC5, VSC4With VSC5Between transimission power;
The DC grid node i before flow controller and the injecting power of j are not added in:
In formula:Pi、PjBe node i, j injecting power;M, n represents the node being connected with node i, j respectively;YijIt is branch Lij Admittance;
Add in flow controller after injecting power be:
In formula:It is the injecting power for adding in flow controller posterior nodal point i, j;
Correction amount of the flow controller to node i, j injecting powers is calculated by equivalent injected power method, is represented by formula (12);By This, influence of the flow controller to system transforms into the equivalent secondary power for adding in two end nodes;
In formula:Pi'、Pj' it is the injecting power for adding in flow controller posterior nodal point i, j;ΔPi、ΔPjIt is to add in flow controller The injecting power correction amount of posterior nodal point i, j;
Rewrite above formula:
It establishes after the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model of the controller containing DC power flow, carries out Load flow calculation;
2. the cooperation of DC power flow controller and current conversion station:
Step 1:The original state A of input direct-current flow controller and all current conversion stations;
Step 2:Enable N=1;
Step 3:Adjust current conversion station N;
Step 4:After judging current conversion station N adjustment, the state of current conversion station and DC power flow controller after not adjusting and adjusting It is whether out-of-limit, adjustment current conversion station N is abandoned if out-of-limit, and N current conversion stations are put into the end of adjustment sequence, N=N+1 is returned to Step 3;If not out-of-limit, current conversion station N is adjusted, N=N+1;
Step 5:It is complete to judge whether all current conversion stations are adjusted, is to continue to adjust DC power flow controller, then terminates;Otherwise Return to step 3.
Load flow calculation step of the present invention is:
Step 1:Input initial data and given voltage initial value;
Step 2:Node injecting power is modified based on equivalent injected power method;
Step 3:Formation system admittance parameter matrix;
Step 4:Row write power equation and solve active power amount of unbalance;
Step 5:Judge whether maximum amount of unbalance is less than the accuracy value of setting, if less than then calculate node power and branch electricity Stream output result;Jacobian matrix is then formed if greater than set accuracy value, solves voltage increment, initial value is carried out It corrects and returns to step 2 until active power is less than accuracy value.
The present invention is typically mounted at due to DC power flow controller at the dc bus of hinge current conversion station, and power flowcontrol is made With the effective supplement for being current conversion station power flowcontrol.The present invention is static by via net loss under the premise of economic power system is considered Voltage stability index and voltage deviation are added in the object function of optimal load flow, according to static voltage stability analysis method Different characteristics, select to represent the quiet of current system operating point with the minimum eigenvalue for restraining the Jacobian matrix of trend State stability margin, it is proposed that improve the Ac/dc Power Systems containing DC power flow controller of ac and dc systems runnability Optimized model and control method.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the control Organization Chart of DC grid;
Fig. 2 is broad sense droop control mode figure;
Fig. 3 is the topology diagram of DC power flow controller;
Fig. 4 is the line current variation diagram of DC line;
Fig. 5 is the looped network formula DC grid isoboles added in after DC power flow controller;
Fig. 6 is the Load flow calculation flow chart for introducing equivalent injected power method;
Fig. 7 is to coordinate control flow chart;
Fig. 8 is the embodiment Zhoushan engineering isoboles of invention;
Fig. 9 is each node voltage comparison diagram before and after optimization;
Figure 10 is object function comparison diagram before and after optimization;
Figure 11 is to control each current conversion station changed power figure using coordination;
Figure 12 is using each node voltage variation diagram when coordinating to control;
Figure 13 is the changed power figure using DCPFC when coordinating to control.
Specific embodiment
By exploring and studying, the DC grid technology based on flexible DC power transmission is flexibly controllable, adaptable etc. with it Feature becomes the research hotspot solved the problems, such as at present in this numerous schemes, direct current transportation network technology and structure, has become The important development direction and component part of following power grid.The energy that DC grid is made of the interconnection of a large amount of DC terminal DC forms Measure Transmission system, be the Important Platform for implementing new energy strategy and optimization energy resources configuration, cover transmission of electricity, power transformation, The links such as distribution.Using advanced HVDC Transmission Technology, it can be achieved that the access of extensive renewable energy power generation and large capacity are long The electrical energy transportation of distance can effectively realize distributing rationally for resource, solve on a large scale to increase due to dispersed regenerative resource The problems such as the high efficient and reliable power supply that caused reliable access, modern city economic growth are brought, can improve efficiency of energy utilization, Ensure safe and reliable, good supply of electric power.
For two-terminal direct current transmission system, the redundancy of Multi-end flexible direct current transmission system and flexibility ensure The continuity of transmission power and the high quality of electric energy on DC line, reduction is not only facilitated using multiterminal flexible direct current system Line loss, and help to improve system reliability.However the realization of these advantages be unable to do without many technical challenges, One main technological challenge is exactly the control of trend in multiterminal flexible direct current system.For two-terminal direct current transmission system, Due to only having a transmission line of electricity between two DC ports, trend is distributed only by the voltage difference and line resistance between two nodes It is determined according to Ohm's law, it is possible to be realized only by the voltage to current conversion station or current control on DC line The control of trend.But for Multi-end flexible direct current transmission system, since two may be connected in each DC port simultaneously Or a plurality of DC line, so it is internal containing ring, reticular structure, and the controllable branch path number in multiterminal flexible direct current system is DC port number N -1, when direct current branch is more than this number, in DC grid will there are the uncontrollable branch of trend, That is the degree of freedom of DC power flow control is insufficient.Only trend is controlled by current conversion station at this time without using other means, The trend point in multiterminal flexible direct current system on DC line may be caused due to the trend of certain circuit cannot be controlled effectively Cloth is uneven, and circuit overload is even caused when serious, so as to overheat conductor, jeopardizes system safety operation, so adding in direct current tide Stream controller goes to improve the degree of freedom of DC power flow control.In order to control the steady-state load flow of DC grid, to avoid overload or it is excellent Change the internal power of DC grid, need a kind of method of Optimal Power Flow, but there is no effective realization current conversion station and trend at present The method that controller coordinate controls Optimal Power Flow, therefore study the DC grid optimal power flow control of the controller containing DC power flow Method is very important.
The present invention step be:
Step 1:Dispatching control center receives the data such as the DC voltage obtained from alternating current-direct current power grid measurement and active power;
Step 2:The data obtained using measurement, the alternating current-direct current power grid optimal load flow for carrying out the controller containing DC power flow are calculated;
(1) the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model containing DC power flow controller is established;
1. establish included three object functions in optimal load flow mathematical model:Via net loss, voltage deviation and Static Electro Press stability margin;
2. determine straight-flow system equation in optimal load flow mathematical model;
3. determine the constraints of AC system equation and system in optimal load flow mathematical model;
(2) optimal load flow for introducing equivalent injected power method is solved, multiple target tide optimization is carried out to entire alternating current-direct current power grid;
Step 3:According to optimal load flow as a result, dispatching control center issues instructions to each current conversion station and DC power flow controller;
Step 4:Each current conversion station and DC power flow controller realize that trend is excellent by the control strategy adjustment operating status of pre-selection setting Change control;
(1) current conversion station is adjusted;
(2) DC power flow controller is adjusted.
The control strategy selection broad sense droop control mode of current conversion station, is to determine power, sagging, constant voltage in the step 2 The Unified Form of these three control methods realizes broad sense droop control by changing control coefrficient.DC power flow controller is adopted With the novel flow controller based on MMC, the voltage value that the transverter in DC line is sealed in by changing changes line electricity Stream, realizes the control of trend.Loss minimization, voltage deviation minimum (i.e. voltage level is best) and static system voltage is steady Determine nargin maximum while as an optimization target;AC system equation is mainly the exchange node power side using polar form Journey, new node can be increased in systems by installing DC power flow controller additional, using equivalent power injection method, DC power flow control Change of the device to trend can be converted into the amendment to node injecting power by equivalent injected power method.
DC power flow controller is adjusted in the step 4 and the sequence of current conversion station is:Adjustment current conversion station 1 first is by initial shape State to next state, and examine current conversion station 1 adjust after DC grid it is whether out-of-limit, if not out-of-limit, continue next The adjustment of a current conversion station.If out-of-limit, abandon adjusting the current conversion station, and place it in the end of adjustment current conversion station sequence, first Next current conversion station 2 is adjusted, and so on, until all current conversion stations are all adjusted and are finished.Finally, then to DC power flow controller It is adjusted.
The specific implementation of the present invention is broadly divided into three parts, the DC grid control plan respectively based on optimal load flow Slightly, the optimization of tide model and sample calculation analysis;
First part:DC grid control strategy based on optimal load flow.This part is broadly divided into the control cage of DC grid The control strategy of structure, the control strategy of current conversion station and DC power flow controller.
The control Organization Chart of DC grid is as shown in Figure 1, specific control mode is as follows:
(1) DC power flow controller is added in DC network, by the DC voltage obtained from alternating current-direct current power grid measurement and active Power is used as is transmitted to control centre with reference to value.
(2) DC power flow controller is equivalent to voltage source in the line, each MMC of DC power flow controller that measurement is obtained Submodule voltage and place line current are used as is transmitted to control centre with reference to value.
(3) multiple target tide optimization is carried out to entire alternating current-direct current mixing power grid according to surveyed reference value.
(4) according to multiple-objection optimization as a result, control centre, which is sent out, instructs adjustment current conversion station and DC power flow controller Respective measured value.
(5) data are retransmitted and gives alternating current-direct current power grid, realize that current conversion station goes to control with the mutual cooperation of DC power flow controller System load flow processed.
(6) it so moves in circles, until system operation is in optimum state.
Current conversion station is using the control strategy of broad sense droop control mode as shown in Fig. 2, being described as follows:
Broad sense droop control mode is divided into as three kinds of control modes:
(1) constant voltage control is the initial value for making the DC voltage of some current conversion station given for one, and the current conversion station needs Realize the maintaining power-balance of the task.
(2) droop control does not need to the real-time Communication for Power between current conversion station, matches each current conversion station coordination by controlling on the spot Control system trend is closed, but the DC voltage of current conversion station is uncontrolled.
(3) power constant that the current conversion station of constant dc power control sends and receivees itself, according to different voltage values come Realize the size of current for adjusting and outputting and inputting.
Three kinds of control modes have the condition of each self application, and the present invention uses the Unified Form of these three control methods, realizes When system load flow changes, system operation is in optimum state.
These three common control modes can be represented with straight line:
αVDC+ β P+ γ=0 (1)
In formula:VDCFor current conversion station DC voltage;P is current conversion station active power.
The control strategy of DC power flow controller as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the respectively topological structure of DC power flow controller The line current variation diagram of figure and DC line, is described as follows.
The DC power flow controller that the present invention uses is the novel flow controller based on MMC, it is straight in voltage-source type The expansion carried out on the basis of stream flow controller.The flow controller is with rated capacity is small, is not required to connect with external power supply The advantages that with convenient for extension.Assuming that straight-flow system is three end ring web frames, the mode of connection is pseudo- bipolar system, and DC power flow controls The position of device mainly includes two MMC submodules and an AC transformer at current conversion station 1, and topology has public friendship Flow busbar.The direct current component of MMC1 and MMC2 seals in respectively in the branch of current conversion station 1, current conversion station 2 and current conversion station 1, the change of current It stands in 3 branch.The AC portion of MMC1 and MMC2 connects AC transformer to realize that own power balances jointly.MMC1 and MMC2 is made of respectively 6 bridge arms, and each bridge arm is made of again equal number of bridge-type sub-module cascade, can be exported just Minus two kinds of voltage.
The voltage V sealed in circuit by changing MMC1 and MMC2 in DC power flow controllerM1、VM2To control V2With V3To V1Voltage value, and then change line current I12、I13、I23Size and Orientation, finally realize trend control.According to Known straight-flow system parameter can obtain line current I12、I13、I23And VM1-VM2Relationship.According to Fig. 4, I12With VM1-VM2For negative correlation, I13、I23With VM1-VM2For positive correlation.I12In VM1-VM2To be 0, I during 2.25kV13In VM1-VM2For- It is 0 during 4.05kV, works as I12And I13When being all 0, circulation can be generated in system, system is securely and reliably impacted, therefore to be made DC power flow controller normal operation, VM1-VM2It should be within the scope of -4.05-2.25kV.
The optimization of second part tide model of the present invention is broadly divided into the more mesh of ac and dc systems of the controller containing DC power flow Mark the foundation of tide optimization mathematical model and the cooperation of DC power flow controller and current conversion station.
1. the foundation of the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model of the controller containing DC power flow includes:Three mesh Scalar functions, AC system equation and straight-flow system equation.
(1) object function:
First, loss minimization:
In formula:fQTotal network loss of expression system;Pk.lossRepresent the network loss of branch k;Pi.lossRepresent the network loss of i-th of VSC;gkTable Show the conductance of branch k, IciElectric current for i-th of VSC;A, b, c are the coefficients for calculating transverter loss;NBFor all branch collection It closes;NVSCFor VSC node sets;PDCPFC.lossRepresent the loss of DC power flow controller;NCTo install DC power flow controller additional All set of fingers that current conversion station is connected;UkFor transverter both end voltage value in circuit;IkTo install DC power flow controller additional The current value of circuit that is connected of current conversion station.
2nd, systematic offset voltage amount is minimum:
In formula,Represent the desired voltage values of node i,Represent the maximum voltage of node i,Represent the minimum of node i Voltage; NAFor all node sets;UilineExit potential for flow controller;After flow controller is added in, due to no-load voltage ratio The influence of M causes corresponding node voltage to change.
3rd, air extract is maximum:
Max.vSMmin (4)
In formula, δminMinimum singular value for the Jacobian matrix for restraining trend;
(2) AC system equation:
In formula, the voltage magnitude at the branch both ends is respectively uiAnd uj, θijPhase angle difference for two node of i, j;PGiAnd PDiRespectively The Active Generation power and load power of node i;QGiAnd QDiThe respectively reactive power generation power and load power of node i;Gij And BijThe real and imaginary parts that the i-th row jth arranges in bus admittance matrix are represented respectively;NPQFor PQ node sets;NiExpression and node The set for all nodes that i is connected (including itself);S represents balance nodes.
(3) straight-flow system equation:
Looped network formula DC grid isoboles of the present invention after DC power flow controller is added in are as shown in figure 5, be described as follows: R12、R15、R23、R25、R35、R45The resistance value of respectively five branch roads;I in current direction such as Fig. 5 in straight-flow system12、I15、 I23、I25、I35、I45It is shown;VM1、VM2、VM3、VM4The DC power flow controller at current conversion station 5 is respectively mounted in each line Equivalent MMC submodule voltage values in road.
DC power flow controller is input voltage with a current conversion station port voltage, using flow controller exit potential to be defeated The ideal transformer model for going out voltage replaces;The expression formula of the no-load voltage ratio M of the ideal transformer is:
In formula, UlineFor the exit potential of flow controller, VSC current conversion stations port voltage is as input voltage, that is, UVSC
Installation branch current is after installing flow controller additional:
In formula, VCRepresent the voltage at flow controller both ends, behind use UCIt represents.
Installing branch transimission power additional is:
In formula, P12、P15、P23、P25、P35、P45Respectively VSC1With VSC2, VSC1With VSC5, VSC2With VSC3, VSC2With VSC5, VSC3With VSC5, VSC4With VSC5Between transimission power.
New node can be increased in systems by installing DC power flow controller additional, containing multiple flow controllers or multi-ring network Complicated DC grid will introduce a large amount of additional calculations to Load flow calculation, such as system node admittance matrix and Jacobian matrix exponent number The problems such as increase, element modification.To solve the above problems, using equivalent injecting power method.
The DC grid node i before flow controller and the injecting power of j are not added in:
In formula:Pi、PjBe node i, j injecting power;M, n represents the node being connected with node i, j respectively;YijIt is branch Lij Admittance.
Add in flow controller after injecting power be:
In formula:It is the injecting power for adding in flow controller posterior nodal point i, j.
Correction amount of the flow controller to node i, j injecting powers is calculated by equivalent injected power method, is represented by formula (12); Influence of the flow controller to system transforms into the equivalent secondary power for adding in two end nodes as a result,;
In formula:It is the injecting power for adding in flow controller posterior nodal point i, j;ΔPi、ΔPjIt is to add in flow controller The injecting power correction amount of posterior nodal point i, j.
If in addition, representing series electrical potential source type flow controller using equivalent ideal transformer, above formula is rewritten:
It establishes after the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model of the controller containing DC power flow, carries out Load flow calculation.
Present invention introduces equivalent power injection methods to carry out Load flow calculation, and specific steps are as shown in Figure 6.
Control centre is according to optimal load flow as a result, send out control command carries out phase to current conversion station and DC power flow controller The adjustment answered can make DC grid operate in optimum state after adjustment.These control instructions are by periodic feedback to each controllable Current conversion station or DC power flow controller.It is to be noted, however, that the coordination control of DC power flow controller and current conversion station It can not instantaneously complete, for the stabilization of system, substep be needed to be adjusted.
2. go adjustment DC power flow controller and current conversion station, specific steps as shown in Figure 7 present invention introduces control is coordinated.
Step 1:The original state A of input direct-current flow controller and all current conversion stations;
Step 2:Enable N=1;
Step 3:Adjust current conversion station N;
Step 4:After judging current conversion station N adjustment, the state of current conversion station and DC power flow controller after not adjusting and adjusting It is whether out-of-limit, adjustment current conversion station N is abandoned if out-of-limit, and N current conversion stations are put into the end of adjustment sequence, N=N+1 is returned to Step 3;If not out-of-limit, current conversion station N is adjusted, N=N+1;
Step 5:It is complete to judge whether all current conversion stations are adjusted, is to continue to adjust DC power flow controller, then terminates;Otherwise Return to step 3.
Load flow calculation step of the present invention is:
Step 1:Input initial data and given voltage initial value;
Step 2:Node injecting power is modified based on equivalent injected power method;
Step 3:Formation system admittance parameter matrix;
Step 4:Row write power equation and solve active power amount of unbalance;
Step 5:Judge whether maximum amount of unbalance is less than the accuracy value of setting, if less than then calculate node power and branch electricity Stream output result;Jacobian matrix is then formed if greater than set accuracy value, solves voltage increment, initial value is carried out It corrects and returns to step 2 until active power is less than accuracy value.
Part III:Sample calculation analysis
Fig. 8-Figure 11 is concrete application of the embodiment present invention in MATLAB softwares, the isoboles of Zhoushan engineering as shown in figure 8, It is described as follows.
Tu8Zhong islands 5 are Yang Shan islands, and the island current conversion station is using DC voltage mode operation is determined, to maintain DC grid Voltage constant, island 1, island 2, island 3 and island 4 are respectively the Zhoushan island proper, Mount Dai island, Qu Shan islands and nasal mucus skerries, and all use has surely Work(power mode of operation.
Ac/dc Power Systems are optimized, pair of each node voltage and each node voltage before optimization after being optimized It is than line chart as shown in figure 9, as shown in Figure 10 with the object function comparison diagram before optimization after being optimized.
Referring to Fig. 9, Figure 10,842.65MW of the total network outage from before optimizing becomes after optimizing in multiple objective function 385.45MW, voltage deviation from before optimizing 3.70 become optimization after 3.66, air extract is by optimizing it Preceding 3.60 become 3.69 after optimization, it is seen that total network outage is big compared with before after optimization in multiple objective function Big to reduce, voltage deviation becomes smaller, and air extract becomes larger, and five end ac and dc systems operate in optimum state.
The present invention is as shown in figure 11 using the changed power figure for coordinating control, is described as follows.
Referring to Figure 11, during 0.8s, current conversion station 1 is adjusted first, current conversion station 1 is adjusted by original state injecting power 60MW To 40MW, discovery system is examined irregular operating situation do not occur, then current conversion station 1 can adjust.Later, the tune in 1.2s Current conversion station 2 is adjusted to 180MW by original state injecting power 160MW, discovery system is examined not occur not by whole current conversion station 2 Normal operation, then current conversion station 2 can adjust.Then, current conversion station 3 is adjusted in 2.1s, by current conversion station 3 by original state It sends out power 30MW to adjust to 40MW, irregular operating state does not occur in system after inspection, then current conversion station 3 can adjust. During 3.1s, current conversion station is sent out into 40MW by original state and is adjusted to 50MW, irregular operating shape does not occur in system after inspection State, then current conversion station 4 can adjust.Current conversion station 5 is adjusted in 4.3s, current conversion station 5 is sent out into power 150MW tune by original state It is whole to 130MW, system does not occur irregular operating situation still after inspection, therefore current conversion station can be adjusted in sequence. Finally, DC power flow controller is adjusted, changes the initial control values of DC power flow controller.
According to Fig. 8-Figure 11, illustrate that the present invention can overcome trend in DC line to be unevenly distributed, improve DC grid Power flowcontrol degree of freedom, while reduce via net loss, makes ac and dc systems operate in optimum state, realize current conversion station and The coordination control of DC power flow controller.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of Ac/dc Power Systems multiple target tide optimization and control method, it is characterised in that:
Step 1:Dispatching control center receives the data such as the DC voltage obtained from alternating current-direct current power grid measurement and active power;
Step 2:The data obtained using measurement, the alternating current-direct current power grid optimal load flow for carrying out the controller containing DC power flow are calculated;
(1) the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model containing DC power flow controller is established;
1. establish included three object functions in optimal load flow mathematical model:Via net loss, voltage deviation and Static Electro Press stability margin;
2. determine straight-flow system equation in optimal load flow mathematical model;
3. determine the constraints of AC system equation and system in optimal load flow mathematical model;
(2) optimal load flow for introducing equivalent injected power method is solved, multiple target tide optimization is carried out to entire alternating current-direct current power grid;
Step 3:According to optimal load flow as a result, dispatching control center issues instructions to each current conversion station and DC power flow controller;
Step 4:Each current conversion station and DC power flow controller realize that trend is excellent by the control strategy adjustment operating status of pre-selection setting Change control;
(1) current conversion station is adjusted;
(2) DC power flow controller is adjusted.
2. Ac/dc Power Systems multiple target tide optimization according to claim 1 and control method, it is characterised in that:Tide The optimization of flow model is broadly divided into the foundation of the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model of the controller containing DC power flow With the cooperation of DC power flow controller and current conversion station;
1. the foundation of the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model of the controller containing DC power flow includes:Three target letters Number, AC system equation and straight-flow system equation;
(1) object function:
First, loss minimization:
In formula:fQTotal network loss of expression system;Pk.lossRepresent the network loss of branch k;Pi.lossRepresent the network loss of i-th of VSC;gkTable Show the conductance of branch k, IciElectric current for i-th of VSC;A, b, c are the coefficients for calculating transverter loss;NBFor all branch collection It closes;NVSCFor VSC node sets;PDCPFC.lossRepresent the loss of DC power flow controller;NCTo install DC power flow controller additional All set of fingers that current conversion station is connected;UkFor transverter both end voltage value in circuit;IkTo install DC power flow controller additional The current value for the circuit that current conversion station is connected;
2nd, systematic offset voltage amount is minimum:
In formula,Represent the desired voltage values of node i,Represent the maximum voltage of node i,Represent the minimum of node i Voltage;NAFor all node sets;UilineExit potential for flow controller;After flow controller is added in, due to no-load voltage ratio M Influence, corresponding node voltage is caused to change;
3rd, air extract is maximum:
Max.vSMmin (4)
In formula, δminMinimum singular value for the Jacobian matrix for restraining trend;
(2) AC system equation:
In formula, the voltage magnitude at the branch both ends is respectively uiAnd uj, θijPhase angle difference for two node of i, j;PGiAnd PDiRespectively The Active Generation power and load power of node i;QGiAnd QDiThe respectively reactive power generation power and load power of node i;GijWith BijThe real and imaginary parts that the i-th row jth arranges in bus admittance matrix are represented respectively;NPQFor PQ node sets;NiIt represents and node i phase The set of all nodes even (including itself);S represents balance nodes;
(3) straight-flow system equation:
Looped network formula DC grid after DC power flow controller is added in, is described as follows:
R12、R15、R23、R25、R35、R45The resistance value of respectively five branch roads;VM1、VM2、VM3、VM4Respectively it is mounted on the change of current The DC power flow controller stood at 5 MMC submodule voltage values equivalent in each circuit;
DC power flow controller is input voltage with a current conversion station port voltage, using flow controller exit potential as output electricity The ideal transformer model of pressure replaces;The expression formula of the no-load voltage ratio M of the ideal transformer is:
In formula, UlineFor the exit potential of flow controller, VSC current conversion stations port voltage is as input voltage, that is, UVSC
Installation branch current is after installing flow controller additional:
In formula, VCRepresent the voltage at flow controller both ends, behind use UCIt represents;
Installing branch transimission power additional is:
In formula, P12、P15、P23、P25、P35、P45Respectively VSC1With VSC2, VSC1With VSC5, VSC2With VSC3, VSC2With VSC5, VSC3With VSC5, VSC4With VSC5Between transimission power;
The DC grid node i before flow controller and the injecting power of j are not added in:
In formula:Pi、PjBe node i, j injecting power;M, n represents the node being connected with node i, j respectively;YijIt is branch Lij's Admittance;
Add in flow controller after injecting power be:
In formula:Pi'、Pj' it is the injecting power for adding in flow controller posterior nodal point i, j;
Correction amount of the flow controller to node i, j injecting powers is calculated by equivalent injected power method, is represented by formula (12);By This, influence of the flow controller to system transforms into the equivalent secondary power for adding in two end nodes;
In formula:Pi'、Pj' it is the injecting power for adding in flow controller posterior nodal point i, j;ΔPi、ΔPjIt is after adding in flow controller Node i, the injecting power correction amount of j;
Rewrite above formula:
It establishes after the ac and dc systems multiple target tide optimization mathematical model of the controller containing DC power flow, carries out Load flow calculation;
2. the cooperation of DC power flow controller and current conversion station:
Step 1:The original state A of input direct-current flow controller and all current conversion stations;
Step 2:Enable N=1;
Step 3:Adjust current conversion station N;
Step 4:After judging current conversion station N adjustment, the state of current conversion station and DC power flow controller after not adjusting and adjusting It is whether out-of-limit, adjustment current conversion station N is abandoned if out-of-limit, and N current conversion stations are put into the end of adjustment sequence, N=N+1 is returned to Step 3;If not out-of-limit, current conversion station N is adjusted, N=N+1;
Step 5:It is complete to judge whether all current conversion stations are adjusted, is to continue to adjust DC power flow controller, then terminates;Otherwise Return to step 3.
3. Ac/dc Power Systems multiple target tide optimization according to claim 2 and control method, it is characterised in that:Tide Stream calculation step is:
Step 1:Input initial data and given voltage initial value;
Step 2:Node injecting power is modified based on equivalent injected power method;
Step 3:Formation system admittance parameter matrix;
Step 4:Row write power equation and solve active power amount of unbalance;
Step 5:Judge whether maximum amount of unbalance is less than the accuracy value of setting, if less than then calculate node power and branch electricity Stream output result;Jacobian matrix is then formed if greater than set accuracy value, voltage increment is solved, initial value is repaiied Just and step 2 is returned to until active power is less than accuracy value.
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