CN110800584A - Method for improving nutrient content in strawberry matrix - Google Patents
Method for improving nutrient content in strawberry matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN110800584A CN110800584A CN201910901566.4A CN201910901566A CN110800584A CN 110800584 A CN110800584 A CN 110800584A CN 201910901566 A CN201910901566 A CN 201910901566A CN 110800584 A CN110800584 A CN 110800584A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving nutrient content in a strawberry matrix, belonging to the technical field of strawberry planting, and the method for improving the nutrient content in the strawberry matrix comprises the following steps: adding 5-15 wt% of biomass carbon into a strawberry matrix, and after adding the biomass carbon into the strawberry matrix, increasing nutrients in the strawberry matrix: the average conductivity EC (us/cm) of the matrix is increased by 5.2-9.9%, the quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) content of the matrix is increased by 5.5-22.0%, the quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg) content of the matrix is increased by 8.8-19.1%, and NO of the matrix is increased by3 ‑The (mg/kg) content is increased by 4.0-16.5%, the water-soluble organic carbon DOC (mg/kg) content in the matrix is increased by 14.3-22.9%, the yield of the strawberries is increased, and the plant height of the strawberries is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry planting, in particular to a method for improving nutrient content of a strawberry matrix.
Background
Strawberry is perennial herbaceous plant, belongs to berry type crop, and has the top yield in the production of small berries in the world. Strawberry is also an important economic crop in China, and according to statistics of food and agricultural organizations in the United nations, the seeding area of strawberry in 2016, 13.0 ten thousand hectares in China, accounts for 42% of the seeding area of strawberry in the world; the total yield of strawberry is 342 ten thousand tons, which accounts for 61 percent of the world total yield. Therefore, strawberry cultivation plays a very important role in the cultivation of Chinese cash crops.
There are many problems in the strawberry production process. In the seedling stage, the common open-field seedling raising mode is unreasonable in nutrient input, the seedlings are slowly revived after transplanting, the death rate is high, the blossoming and fruiting are late, and the phenomena that the daily management of the ground-planting seedling raising is time-consuming and labor-consuming are prominent. The nutrient input proportion, the input amount and the input period after the transplanting and the field planting do not accord with the fertilizer requirement rule of the strawberries, and the controlled release fertilizer matrix seedling culture can realize the fertilizer transplanting of seedlings on the basis of reducing the nutrient input amount, so as to bloom and bear fruits in advance; after transplanting, the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer can be realized based on the nutrient regulation and control of water and fertilizer integration.
In addition, in the existing strawberry planting technology, the strawberry seedling production is mostly carried out in an open field seedling raising mode, so that the problems of slow seedling recovery, high death rate and the like easily occur, the phenomenon of unreasonable nutrient input in the strawberry seedling raising process is serious, and the problems of large nutrient input quantity and large nutrient input period exist. Nutrients in a matrix are easy to lose in the existing strawberry cultivation process, so that strawberry plants are short and small, and the yield of the strawberries is low.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a method for increasing the nutrient content of strawberry substrate, which can strictly control the nutrient requirement and supply of the culture substrate for strawberry seedlings according to the growth process of the strawberry seedlings, thereby greatly reducing the fertilizer input amount, increasing the fertilizer utilization rate, and providing good nutrient guarantee for the growth of strawberries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method capable of improving nutrient content of a strawberry matrix, so as to solve the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate and short strawberry plants in the existing strawberry matrix and provide a more environment-friendly strawberry seedling cultivation mode.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for improving nutrient content in a strawberry matrix, which is characterized in that 5-15 wt% of biomass charcoal is added into the strawberry matrix.
As a further improvement of the invention, the biomass charcoal comprises 5 wt% or 15 wt% of the strawberry substrate.
As a further improvement of the invention, the biomass charcoal is one of straw biomass charcoal, wood biomass charcoal, rice hull biomass charcoal or wheat hull biomass charcoal.
As a further improvement of the invention, the biomass charcoal is straw biomass charcoal.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing biomass charcoal, comprising the steps of:
(1) reacting the biomass charcoal, nitric acid and ammonia water to obtain modified biomass charcoal; wherein, the biomass charcoal firstly reacts with nitric acid and then reacts with ammonia water to obtain a reaction mixture; the mixture ratio of the biomass charcoal, the nitric acid and the ammonia water is 90-130 parts by weight of the biomass charcoal; 40-65 parts by weight of nitric acid; 12-30 parts by weight of ammonia water;
(2) placing the modified biomass charcoal into a sealed processor which is oxygen-insulated and is filled with protective gas, and carrying out three-stage heating treatment, wherein the first stage heating treatment is to rapidly heat up to 180-220 ℃ from normal temperature at the speed of 7-10 ℃/min, the second stage heating treatment is to slowly heat up to 300-350 ℃ from the final temperature of the first stage at the speed of 2-4 ℃/min, and the oxygen-isolated cracking is continuously carried out for 1-3 hours; the temperature rise in the third stage is from the final temperature in the third stage to 400-500 ℃ at a constant speed of 5 ℃/min, and the treatment is carried out for 2 hours.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the biomass charcoal is a black solid substance formed by high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass under the condition of limited oxygen or oxygen deficiency, and has better regulation and improvement effects on the physicochemical properties of soil. The straw biomass charcoal has light weight, high porosity and strong adsorbability, ensures good substrate permeability, and can help strawberry seedlings to adsorb moisture, so that the planted leaves are thick and healthy. The straw biomass charcoal is rich in surface functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like), so that the conversion of water-soluble organic carbon in the material to humus is promoted, and the humification degree of the matrix is improved; and moreover, due to the high conductivity and rich water-soluble nitrogen and phosphorus of the straw biomass charcoal, the nutrient content of the strawberry matrix can be increased by adding the straw biomass charcoal in a proper proportion.
The invention utilizes the characteristics of reactive chemical groups (such as carboxyl and hydroxyl) and atoms capable of forming hydrogen bonds (such as hydrogen and oxygen) of the biomass charcoal, and utilizes nitric acid or ammonia water to react with the biomass charcoal to manufacture the biomass charcoal with different absorption strengths or slow release characteristics.
The modified biomass charcoal has rich nutrient content, low price and good permeability due to high-temperature carbonization, and can help strawberry seedlings to adsorb moisture, so that the planted leaves are thicker and healthy. The addition amount is not large, but P, K, NO in the matrix is increased3 -And the water-soluble organic carbon has high content and high adsorption capacity, and has the effects of absorbing toxin and increasing the nutrient content of the strawberry matrix.
The biomass charcoal is added into the strawberry matrix, can promote the strong growth of strawberry seedlings and the supply of rhizosphere nitrogen in the early growth stage after transplanting, improves the nutrient content in the strawberry matrix and the nutrient utilization rate while improving the yield and the plant height of the strawberries, and has higher economic, social and ecological benefits.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The conventional strawberry substrates described in the examples of the present invention and comparative examples were peat soil, unless otherwise specified: perlite: the volume ratio of the coconut coir is 3:1: 1.
Example 1
In peat soil: perlite: adding 5 wt% of straw biomass charcoal into a conventional strawberry substrate consisting of coconut coir in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, recording as C5 treatment, and then performing conventional management.
The preparation method of the straw biomass charcoal comprises the following steps:
(1) reacting the biomass charcoal, nitric acid and ammonia water to obtain modified biomass charcoal; wherein, the biomass charcoal firstly reacts with nitric acid and then reacts with ammonia water to obtain a reaction mixture; the mixture ratio of the biomass charcoal, the nitric acid and the ammonia water is 90 parts by weight of the biomass charcoal; 40 parts by weight of nitric acid; 12 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia;
(2) placing the modified biomass charcoal into a sealed processor which is oxygen-insulated and is filled with protective gas, and carrying out three-stage heating treatment, wherein the first-stage heating treatment is to rapidly heat up to 180 ℃ from normal temperature at a speed of 7 ℃/min, the second-stage heating treatment is to slowly heat up to 300 ℃ from the final temperature of the first stage at a speed of 2 ℃/min, and the oxygen-isolated cracking is continued for 2 hours; the temperature rise in the third stage is from the final temperature in the third stage to 400 ℃ at a constant speed of 5 ℃/min, and the treatment is carried out for 2 hours.
The biomass charcoal has the characteristics of stability and adjustable surface property in acidic and alkaline media after being treated, and the surface of the modified biomass charcoal has inertia and no strong acidity or alkalinity, so that the modified biomass charcoal is suitable for being added into a strawberry matrix to improve the content of nutrients in the strawberry matrix. In the first stage of rapid temperature rise, surface oxygen is removed, stable C-H bonds are generated, surface active sites are stabilized, and unsaturated carbon atoms on the surface of the biomass charcoal are gasified. In the second stage, the acid oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the biomass charcoal are removed in the slow temperature rise process, active electron-withdrawing groups are removed, the stability of the biomass charcoal is improved, and after the biomass charcoal is added into the strawberry matrix, the nutrient content in the strawberry matrix is stabilized, and the nutrient is kept in a higher range. In the third-stage constant-temperature carbonization process, the number of micropores of the biomass carbon is increased, the number of mesopores is reduced, the pore diameter of the biomass carbon is uniform, and the high nutrient in the strawberry matrix is favorably maintained.
Example 2
Adding 10 wt% of straw biomass charcoal into the conventional strawberry substrate, recording as C10 treatment, and then performing conventional management.
The preparation method of the straw biomass charcoal comprises the following steps:
(1) reacting the biomass charcoal, nitric acid and ammonia water to obtain modified biomass charcoal; wherein, the biomass charcoal firstly reacts with nitric acid and then reacts with ammonia water to obtain a reaction mixture; the mixture ratio of the biomass charcoal, the nitric acid and the ammonia water is 130 parts by weight of the biomass charcoal; 65 parts by weight of nitric acid; 30 parts by weight of ammonia water;
(2) placing the modified biomass charcoal into a sealed processor which is oxygen-insulated and is filled with protective gas, and carrying out three-stage heating treatment, wherein the first-stage heating treatment is to rapidly heat up to 220 ℃ from normal temperature at a speed of 10 ℃/min, the second-stage heating treatment is to slowly heat up to 350 ℃ from the final temperature of the first stage at a speed of 4 ℃/min, and the oxygen-isolated cracking is continued for 3 hours; the temperature rise in the third stage is from the final temperature in the third stage to 500 ℃ at a constant speed of 5 ℃/min, and the treatment is carried out for 2 hours.
Example 3
Adding 15 wt% of straw biomass charcoal into the conventional strawberry substrate, recording as C15 treatment, and then performing conventional management.
The preparation method of the straw biomass charcoal comprises the following steps:
(1) reacting the biomass charcoal, nitric acid and ammonia water to obtain modified biomass charcoal; wherein, the biomass charcoal firstly reacts with nitric acid and then reacts with ammonia water to obtain a reaction mixture; the mixture ratio of the biomass charcoal, the nitric acid and the ammonia water is 120 parts by weight of the biomass charcoal; 55 parts by weight of nitric acid; 25 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia;
(2) placing the modified biomass charcoal into a sealed processor which is oxygen-insulated and is filled with protective gas, and carrying out three-stage heating treatment, wherein the first-stage heating treatment is to rapidly heat up to 220 ℃ from normal temperature at a speed of 8 ℃/min, the second-stage heating treatment is to slowly heat up to 350 ℃ from the final temperature of the first stage at a speed of 3 ℃/min, and the oxygen-isolated cracking is continued for 2 hours; the temperature rise in the third stage is from the final temperature in the third stage to 500 ℃ at a constant speed of 5 ℃/min, and the treatment is carried out for 2 hours.
Comparative example 1
The conventional strawberry matrix in this comparative example does not add any biomass charcoal, and the ingredients of the strawberry matrix are the same as in example 1 except for the biomass charcoal.
Comparative example 2
In the comparative example, 5 wt% of straw biomass charcoal is added into the conventional strawberry substrate, and then conventional management is performed.
The straw biomass charcoal in the comparative example is prepared by a conventional method.
Effect test
The strawberries of the examples and comparative examples were planted on the bed at the end of 2018 at 9 months and harvested at 2019 at 3 months for a total of 180 days. Matrix samples are taken on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 during the strawberry cultivation period and at the end of harvesting (180 days), the samples are collected for 7 times, and the nutrient content in the matrix is respectively measured.
The harvesting is carried out sequentially, and the final strawberry yield is summarized by several counts. The plant height of the strawberry is the final plant height.
The yield of strawberries and the variation in strawberry plant height are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Strawberry yield (kg/mu) | Strawberry plant height (cm) | |
| Example 1 | 1400 | 24.6 |
| Example 2 | 1300 | 24.5 |
| Example 3 | 1500 | 24.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1200 | 23.1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1210 | 23.3 |
As can be seen from Table 1, after 5 wt% and 15 wt% of straw biomass carbon is added into the strawberry matrix, the yield of the strawberries is obviously improved, the plant height of the strawberries is also increased, wherein the yield of the strawberries is increased by 8.3% -25.0%, and the plant height of the strawberries is increased by 6.0% -7.4%.
The conductivity EC (us/cm) in the strawberry matrix is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Time of matrix sampling | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Day 0 | 321.3 | 275.6 | 264.6 | 261.0 | 265.4 |
| Day 30 | 420.3 | 425.3 | 439.9 | 402.3 | 402.5 |
| Day 60 | 376.3 | 385.4 | 417.2 | 349.7 | 348.1 |
| Day 90 | 339.0 | 345.2 | 322.0 | 350.7 | 348.2 |
| Day 120 | 296.5 | 305.8 | 318.9 | 324.8 | 318.7 |
| Day 150 | 254.0 | 281.5 | 315.7 | 299.0 | 299.7 |
| Day 180 | 340.5 | 364.8 | 374.9 | 244.8 | 255.4 |
| Mean value of | 335.0 | 340.5 | 350.5 | 318.9 | 319.7 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the average EC (us/cm) of the matrix is increased by 5.2-9.9% after 5-15 wt% of straw biomass charcoal is added into the strawberry matrix.
The content (mg/kg) of the available potassium in the strawberry matrix was varied as shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
| Time of matrix sampling | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Day 0 | 1600 | 1700 | 1800 | 1400 | 1400 |
| Day 30 | 2250 | 2350 | 2625 | 1900 | 1850 |
| Day 60 | 2600 | 3060 | 4000 | 2800 | 2850 |
| Day 90 | 2650 | 2700 | 2775 | 2850 | 2900 |
| Day 120 | 2550 | 2600 | 2750 | 2575 | 2600 |
| Day 150 | 2450 | 2500 | 2650 | 2300 | 2500 |
| Day 180 | 2850 | 2900 | 3000 | 2250 | 2200 |
| Mean value of | 2593 | 2444 | 2800 | 2296 | 2329 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the average quick-acting potassium content (mg/kg) of the matrix is increased by 5.5-22.0% after 5-15 wt% of straw biomass charcoal is added into the strawberry matrix.
The content of available phosphorus in strawberry matrix (mg/kg) was varied as shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
| Time of matrix sampling | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Day 0 | 150.1 | 162.0 | 170.0 | 142.7 | 150.2 |
| Day 30 | 245.2 | 254.1 | 298.5 | 214.2 | 210.5 |
| Day 60 | 398.6 | 400.2 | 410.2 | 348.0 | 340.2 |
| Day 90 | 430.5 | 420.8 | 450.0 | 411.5 | 400.4 |
| Day 120 | 364.1 | 375.4 | 390.2 | 335.2 | 351.2 |
| Day 150 | 280.7 | 290.5 | 320.5 | 259.0 | 250.0 |
| Day 180 | 247.2 | 245.2 | 277.8 | 235.0 | 245.0 |
| Mean value of | 302.3 | 306.9 | 331.0 | 277.9 | 278.2 |
As can be seen from Table 4, the average available phosphorus content (mg/kg) of the matrix is increased by 8.8% -19.1% after 5% -15% by weight of straw biomass charcoal is added into the strawberry matrix.
NO in strawberry matrix3 -The content of (mg/kg) is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
| Time of matrix sampling | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Day 0 | 1509.6 | 1510.2 | 1524.6 | 648.1 | 1302.1 |
| Day 30 | 3110.6 | 3255.1 | 3612.9 | 3026.0 | 2851.2 |
| Day 60 | 2903.5 | 3045.7 | 3520.9 | 3531.0 | 2752.4 |
| Day 90 | 3630.3 | 3561.0 | 3972.7 | 3527.4 | 3550.1 |
| Day 120 | 4250.9 | 4199.5 | 4521.7 | 4059.7 | 3959.7 |
| Day 150 | 4700.0 | 4655.2 | 5071.0 | 4592.0 | 4391.4 |
| Day 180 | 1601.1 | 1885.2 | 2079.3 | 1480.2 | 1700.1 |
| Mean value of | 3100.9 | 3158.8 | 3471.9 | 2980.6 | 2929.6 |
As can be seen from Table 5, after 5 wt% to 15 wt% of straw biomass charcoal was added to the strawberry substrate, the average NO of the substrate was3 -The content (mg/kg) is increased by 4.0 to 16.5 percent.
The water-soluble organic carbon DOC (mg/kg) content in the strawberry matrix was varied as shown in table 6.
TABLE 6
| Time of matrix sampling | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Day 0 | 184.7 | 195.2 | 265.0 | 184.3 | 185.1 |
| Day 30 | 483.8 | 458.3 | 467.0 | 362.9 | 365.7 |
| Day 60 | 416.2 | 420.5 | 374.3 | 371.4 | 384.9 |
| Day 90 | 305.1 | 355.8 | 479.2 | 379.8 | 350.1 |
| Day 120 | 259.2 | 289.6 | 318.5 | 278.2 | 259.7 |
| Day 150 | 213.3 | 225.6 | 157.9 | 176.7 | 191.4 |
| Day 180 | 336.6 | 306.5 | 302.8 | 170.6 | 170.1 |
| Mean value of | 314.0 | 321.6 | 338.0 | 275.0 | 272.4 |
As can be seen from Table 6, the average DOC (mg/kg) content in the strawberry matrix increased by 14.3-22.9% after 5-15 wt% of straw biomass charcoal was added to the matrix.
By adopting the method, the yield and the plant height of the strawberries are improved, the nutrient content in the matrix is improved, and the method has higher economic, social and ecological benefits.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for improving the nutrient content in the strawberry matrix is characterized in that biomass charcoal is added into the strawberry matrix, wherein the biomass charcoal accounts for 5-15 wt% of the strawberry matrix.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomass charcoal comprises 5 wt% or 15 wt% of the strawberry substrate.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biomass charcoal is one of straw biomass charcoal, wood biomass charcoal, rice hull biomass charcoal, or wheat hull biomass charcoal.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the biomass charcoal is straw biomass charcoal.
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| CN111820086A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-27 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | Method for cultivating plateau multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20200218 |