CN110800226A

CN110800226A - Providing protection for information transmitted in demodulation reference signals (DMRS)

Info

Publication number: CN110800226A
Application number: CN201880042649.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: H·李; 季庭方; S·阿卡拉卡兰; H·孙; P·加尔
Original assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Priority date: 2017-06-29
Filing date: 2018-05-17
Publication date: 2020-02-14
Anticipated expiration: 2038-05-17
Also published as: KR102660541B1; SG11201910708YA; JP2020526100A; EP3646495A1; US11671222B2; TWI756427B; TW201906357A; JP7210484B2; BR112019027054A2; US10880062B2; WO2019005311A1; US20190007179A1; US20210105124A1; CN110800226B; KR20200016894A

Abstract

Systems, methods, and devices for wireless communication are described. In addition to channel estimation information, a device, such as a base station or User Equipment (UE), may transmit a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) that includes signaling information. To improve reception of DMRS signaling information, a transmitting device may employ data protection techniques on the signaling information and modify data payloads transmitted in physical data channels associated with the DMRS. In one aspect, a transmitting device may modify Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits in a payload to include verification for signaling information. In another aspect, the transmitting device may determine a scrambling code based on the signaling information and may scramble the payload based on the scrambling code.

Description

Providing protection for information transmitted in demodulation reference signals (DMRS)

Cross-referencing

This patent application claims priority from U.S. patent application No.15/981,442 entitled "Providing protection for Information derived in modulation references Signals (DMRS)" filed on day 5/16 2018 and U.S. provisional patent application No.62/527,011 entitled "Providing protection for Information derived in DMRS" filed on day 29 6/2017 by Ly et al, each of which has been assigned to the assignee of the present application.

Technical Field

The following relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to providing protection for information transmitted in a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems are capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, or New Radio (NR) systems). A wireless multiple-access communication system may include multiple base stations or access network nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication for multiple communication devices, which may otherwise be referred to as User Equipment (UE).

In some wireless communication systems, a device (such as a base station or UE) may transmit a DMRS that contains signaling information, channel estimation information, or both types of information. However, the signaling information transmitted by the DMRS may be affected by detection errors at the receiving device. A receiving device may experience processing delays (e.g., system acquisition delays, handover delays, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) retransmission delays, etc.) if the receiving device incorrectly detects information in the DMRS.

Disclosure of Invention

The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices or apparatuses that support providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS. The described techniques provide for identifying a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission. Techniques may provide for computing a set of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits from both reference signal bits and data bits. In some cases, techniques may provide for identifying a scrambling code based on reference signal bits and scrambling data bits based on the scrambling code. Further described techniques provide for transmitting DMRS transmissions and data transmissions.

A method of wireless communication is described. The method can comprise the following steps: a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission are identified. The method may further comprise: calculating a set of CRC bits based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits; and transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission with the set of CRC bits.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: means for identifying a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission. The apparatus may further comprise: means for calculating a set of CRC bits based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits; and means for transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission with the set of CRC bits.

Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to: a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission are identified. The instructions may be further operable to cause the processor to: calculating a set of CRC bits based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits; and transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission with the set of CRC bits.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may include instructions operable to cause a processor to: a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission are identified. The instructions may be further operable to cause the processor to: calculating a set of CRC bits based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits; and transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission with the set of CRC bits.

In some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media, the reference signal bit set comprises: a first subset of reference signal bits that may be transmitted with a DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits that may be transmitted with a data transmission.

In some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media, the set of CRC bits may be calculated based, at least in part, on: a first subset of reference signal bits, a second subset of reference signal bits, and a set of data bits.

Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for calculating a subset of a set of CRC bits based at least in part on the second subset of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for masking a subset of a set of CRC bits by referencing a first subset of signal bits.

Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, units, or instructions for obtaining a string of bits based at least in part on the first subset of reference signal bits. Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, units, or instructions for combining a subset of the set of CRC bits with the string of bits using an exclusive or (XOR) function.

Some examples of the above-described methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the first subset of reference signal bits in a DMRS transmission, and transmitting the second subset of reference signal bits in a data transmission.

Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for attaching a set of CRC bits to a set of data bits.

Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration signaling indicating a CRC configuration for computing a set of CRC bits.

Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include means, features, units, or instructions for receiving an indication to switch from a first CRC configuration for computing a set of CRC bits to a second CRC configuration for computing a set of CRC bits.

Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, units, or instructions for: switching from a first CRC configuration to a second CRC configuration based, at least in part, on: a size of a set of reference signal bits, a size of a set of data bits, a size of a set of CRC bits, or a combination thereof.

Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for identifying a scrambling code based at least in part on a set of reference signal bits. Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, units, or instructions for scrambling a set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code.

In some examples of the above-described methods, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable media, the data transmission may be sent using a physical data channel. In some examples of the above-described methods, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable media, the DMRS transmission may be transmitted using resources reserved for DMRS transmission.

In some examples of the above-described methods, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable media, the DMRS transmission may convey phase reference information associated with a physical data channel.

Another method of wireless communication is described. The method can comprise the following steps: detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission; decoding a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; receiving a set of CRC bits along with a set of data bits; and performing a CRC validation process based at least in part on the set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is calculated based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: means for detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission; means for decoding a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; means for receiving a set of CRC bits with a set of data bits; and means for performing a CRC validation process based at least in part on the set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is calculated based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits.

Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to: detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission; decoding a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; receiving a set of CRC bits along with a set of data bits; and performing a CRC validation process based at least in part on the set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is calculated based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may include instructions operable to cause a processor to: detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission; decoding a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; receiving a set of CRC bits along with a set of data bits; and performing a CRC validation process based at least in part on the set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is calculated based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits.

Some examples of the above methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, units, or instructions for determining whether a CRC validation process is successful.

Another method of wireless communication is described. The method can comprise the following steps: a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission are identified. The method may further comprise: identifying a scrambling code based at least in part on a set of reference signal bits; scrambling a set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code; and transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: means for identifying a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission. The apparatus may further comprise: means for identifying a scrambling code based at least in part on a set of reference signal bits; means for scrambling a set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code; and means for transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission.

Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be operable to cause the processor to: a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission are identified. The instructions are further operable to cause the processor to: identifying a scrambling code based at least in part on a set of reference signal bits; scrambling a set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code; and transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium for wireless communication is described. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may include instructions operable to cause a processor to: a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission are identified. The instructions may also be operable to cause the processor to: identifying a scrambling code based at least in part on a set of reference signal bits; scrambling a set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code; and transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission.

Some examples of the above-described methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include processes, features, means, or instructions for calculating a set of CRC bits based at least in part on both a set of reference signal bits and a set of data bits.

Another method of wireless communication is described. The method can comprise the following steps: detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; identifying a scrambling code based on a set of reference signal bits; and scrambling the set of data bits based on the identified scrambling code.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; identifying a scrambling code based on a set of reference signal bits; and descrambling the set of data bits based on the identified scrambling code.

Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for: detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; identifying a scrambling code based on a set of reference signal bits; and scrambling the set of data bits based on the identified scrambling code.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; identifying a scrambling code based on a set of reference signal bits; and descrambling the set of data bits based on the identified scrambling code.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the data transmission may be sent using a physical data channel.

Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, units, or instructions to: the CRC validation process is performed based on a set of CRC bits, which may be calculated based on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the data transmission may be sent using a physical data channel; and the DMRS transmission may be transmitted using resources reserved for DMRS transmission.

In some examples of the methods, apparatus, or non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the DMRS transmission may convey phase reference information associated with the physical data channel.

Drawings

Fig. 1 and 2 illustrate examples for a wireless communication system that supports providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, according to aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example of Resource Element (RE) mapping that supports providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a CRC computation procedure with DMRS signaling information in support of providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 illustrates an example of a CRC masking procedure with DMRS signaling information in support of providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a CRC masking function that supports providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 and 8 illustrate examples of process flows that support providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9-11 illustrate block diagrams of devices that support protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

Fig. 12 illustrates a block diagram of a system including a User Equipment (UE) that supports providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure.

Fig. 13 illustrates a block diagram of a system that includes a base station that supports providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure.

Fig. 14-19 illustrate methods for providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

In some wireless communication systems, e.g., New Radio (NR) wireless systems, a device, such as a base station or User Equipment (UE), may transmit a DMRS associated with a physical data channel and may transmit a data payload on the same physical data channel. To extend the functionality of DMRS signaling, DMRS may include signaling information in addition to channel estimation information. For example, a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence may be used to communicate signaling information in a DMRS. Although the cross-correlation between PN sequences may be low, devices receiving DMRS may incorrectly detect the PN sequences, which may result in incorrect reception of signaling information. To improve reception of DMRS signaling information at a receiving wireless device, a transmitting device may employ data protection techniques for the signaling information and modify the data payload with information corresponding to the signaling information.

In one aspect, the transmitting device may use CRC techniques to include verification for the signaling information. For example, the device may calculate CRC bits based on signaling information in the DMRS, in addition to information in the payload. In another example, the device may calculate a preliminary set of CRC bits based on information in the payload. The device may then mask the preliminary set of CRC bits using a bit array generated based on the DMRS signaling information. In both examples, the resulting set of CRC bits may include an indication of the correct DMRS signaling information. The device may statically or dynamically select or be configured with a CRC configuration (e.g., calculate a CRC based on DMRS signaling information or mask a CRC based on DMRS signaling information). In some cases, the selection may be based on the number of DMRS signaling information bits, data payload information bits, CRC bits, or some combination of these numbers of bits. The device may transmit CRC bits in the data payload to the receiving device, and the receiving device may use the CRC bits to verify decoding of information received in both the data payload and the DMRS.

In another aspect, the transmitting device may determine the scrambling code based on DMRS signaling information. The device may scramble data payload bits based on the determined scrambling code. Accordingly, the receiving device may detect the DMRS signaling information and may begin decoding the data payload based on the detected DMRS signaling information. If the receiving device incorrectly detects the DMRS signaling information, decoding of the data payload may fail early in the process due to the scrambled payload bits.

Aspects of the present disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Further aspects of the disclosure are described with reference to Resource Element (RE) mapping formats, CRC procedures with DMRS signaling information, CRC masking functions, and process flow diagrams. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow charts related to providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS.

Fig. 1 illustrates an example 100 of a wireless communication system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 includes base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a fifth generation (5G)/New Radio (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE) (or LTE-advanced (LTE-a)) network. In one aspect, the wireless communication system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (i.e., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, and communications with low cost and low complexity devices. In addition to channel estimation information, the wireless communication system 100 may also support the transfer of signaling information in DMRS transmissions. The device may protect signaling information within the DMRS (e.g., using CRC or scrambling techniques) and may modify the data transmission to include the protection, which may improve detection reliability and reduce latency associated with transmitting the signaling information in the DMRS.

The base station 105 may wirelessly communicate with the UE115 via one or more base station antennas. Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include uplink transmissions from the UEs 115 to the base stations 105 or downlink transmissions from the base stations 105 to the UEs 115. According to various techniques, control information and data may be multiplexed on an uplink channel or a downlink. The control information and data may be multiplexed on the downlink channel using, for example, Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) techniques, Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. In some examples, control information transmitted during a Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of a downlink channel may be distributed in a cascaded manner between different control regions (e.g., between a common control region and one or more UE-specific control regions).

UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communication system 100, and each UE115 may be stationary or mobile. The UE115 may also be referred to as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. The UE115 may also be a cellular phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a personal electronic device, a handheld device, a personal computer, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, an internet of things (IoT) device, an internet of things (IoE) device, a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device, an appliance, an automobile, and so forth.

In some examples, the UE115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs (e.g., using peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device (D2D) protocols). One or more UEs 115 in the group of UEs 115 communicating with D2D may be within the coverage area 110 of the cell. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of the cell or may be unable to receive transmissions from the base station 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1: M) system, where each UE115 transmits to every other UE115 in the group. In an aspect, the base station 105 facilitates scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In another aspect, the D2D communication is performed independently of the base station 105.

Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines, i.e., machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. M2M or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or with a base station without human intervention. For example, M2M or MTC may refer to communications from devices that incorporate sensors or meters that measure or capture information and relay that information to a central server or application that may utilize the information or present the information to a person interacting with the program or application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automatic behavior of a machine. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, device monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security awareness, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.

In one aspect, MTC devices may operate using half-duplex (one-way) communications at a reduced peak rate. MTC devices may also be configured to enter a power saving "deep sleep" mode when not engaged in active communication. In some examples, MTC or IoT devices may be designed to support mission critical functions, and wireless communication systems may be configured to provide ultra-reliable communication for these functions.

The base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with each other. For example, the base station 105 may be connected with the core network 130 through a backhaul link 132 (e.g., S1, etc.). The base stations 105 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the core network 130) over a backhaul link 134 (e.g., X2, etc.). The base station 105 may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communicating with the UE115 or may operate under the control of a base station controller (not shown). In some examples, the base station 105 may be a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, and/or the like. The base station 105 may also be referred to as an evolved node b (enb) 105.

The base station 105 may be connected to the core network 130 by an S1 interface. The core network may be an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) that may include at least one Mobility Management Entity (MME), at least one serving gateway (S-GW), and at least one Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW). The MME may be a control node that handles signaling between the UE115 and the EPC. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be transmitted through the S-GW, which may itself be connected to the P-GW. The P-GW may provide IP address assignment as well as other functions. The P-GW may be connected to a network operator IP service. Operator IP services may include the internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), and Packet Switched (PS) streaming services.

The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. At least some of the network devices may include subcomponents such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an Access Node Controller (ANC). Each access network entity may communicate with a plurality of UEs 115 through a plurality of other access network transport entities, where each of the access network transport entities may be an example of an intelligent radio head or a transmission/reception point (TRP). In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

The wireless communication system 100 may operate using a frequency band from 700MHz to 2600MHz (2.6GHz) in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) frequency region, but some networks, such as Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), may use frequencies up to 4 GHz. This region may also be referred to as a decimeter band because the wavelength range is from about one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves propagate primarily through the line of sight (line of sight) and may be blocked by building and environmental features. However, the waves may penetrate walls sufficiently to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. UHF-wave transmission is characterized by smaller antennas and shorter distances (e.g., less than 100km) than transmission using the smaller frequencies (and longer waves) of the High Frequency (HF) or Very High Frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum. In some examples, wireless communication system 100 may also utilize the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) portion of the spectrum (e.g., from 30GHz to 300 GHz). This region may also be referred to as a millimeter band because the wavelength ranges from about 1 millimeter to 1 centimeter in length. Thus, EHF antennas may be even smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, this may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the UE115 (e.g., for directional beamforming). However, EHF transmissions may suffer from greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter distances than UHF transmissions.

Thus, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communication between the UE115 and the base station 105. Devices operating in mmW or EHF bands may have multiple antennas to allow beamforming. That is, the base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays for beamforming operations for directional communications with the UEs 115. Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering or directional transmission, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitter (e.g., base station 105) to shape and/or steer an entire antenna beam in the direction of a target receiver (e.g., UE 115). This may be achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in the following way: the transmitted signal at a particular angle undergoes constructive interference while the other signals undergo destructive interference.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems use a transmission scheme between a transmitter (e.g., base station 105) and a receiver (e.g., UE 115), both equipped with multiple antennas. Portions of the wireless communication system 100 may use beamforming. For example, the base station 105 may have an antenna array with a plurality of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use for beamforming in its communication with the UEs 115. The signal may be sent multiple times in different directions (e.g., each transmission may be beamformed differently). A mmW receiver (e.g., UE 115) may attempt multiple beams (e.g., antenna sub-arrays) while receiving a synchronization signal.

In an aspect, the antennas of a base station 105 or UE115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays, which may support beamforming or MIMO operation. One or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be collocated at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with base stations 105 may be located at various geographic locations. The base station 105 may use the antenna or antenna array multiple times for beamforming operations for directional communications with the UE 115.

In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. The Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate on logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority processing and multiplexing of logical channels to transport channels. The MAC layer may also use hybrid arq (harq) to provide retransmissions at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide for the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of RRC connections between the UE115 and the network device 105-c, network device 105-b, or core network 130 that support radio bearers for user plane data. At the Physical (PHY) layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.

A resource element may consist of one symbol period and one subcarrier (e.g., 15KHz frequency range). A resource block may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and may contain 7 consecutive OFDM symbols or 84 resource elements in the time domain (1 slot) for a normal cyclic prefix in each OFDM symbol. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (the configuration of symbols that may be selected during each symbol period). Thus, the more resource blocks the UE receives and the higher the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be.

The wireless communication system 100 may support operation over multiple cells or carriers, a feature that may be referred to as Carrier Aggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A carrier may also be referred to as a Component Carrier (CC), a layer, a channel, and so on. The terms "carrier," "component carrier," "cell," and "channel" may be used interchangeably herein. A UE115 may be configured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for carrier aggregation. Carrier aggregation may be used with both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) component carriers.

In one aspect, wireless system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless system 100 may employ LTE licensed assisted access (LTE-LAA) or LTE unlicensed (LTE U) radio access technology or NR technology in unlicensed frequency bands such as the 5Ghz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. When operating in the unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, wireless devices such as base stations 105 and UEs 115 may employ a Listen Before Talk (LBT) procedure to ensure that the channel is idle before transmitting data. Operation in the unlicensed band may be based on CA configuration in conjunction with CCs operating in the licensed band. Operations in the unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, or both. Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on FDD, TDD, or a combination of both.

In some systems, a base station 105 or UE115 may transmit a DMRS to a receiving device for the receiving device to perform channel estimation on a physical data channel. In an aspect, the DMRS may include additional signaling information (e.g., timing information or uplink control information) along with channel estimation information. To enhance the reliability of communicating such signaling information in DMRS transmissions, a transmitting device may include error detection check bits in a data payload transmitted on a physical data channel associated with the DMRS. For example, the transmitting device may calculate CRC bits for the data payload based on signaling information contained in the DMRS. In some aspects, a transmitting device may determine a scrambling code based on signaling information in a DMRS, and may scramble bits of a data payload based on the scrambling code. The receiving device may verify the detected DMRS signaling information using an error detection check or scrambling code contained in the data payload.

Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. Wireless communication system 200 may include a base station 105-a, a geographic coverage area 110-a, and a UE 115-a, which may be examples of corresponding devices and features described with reference to fig. 1. The base station 105-a and the UE 115-a may communicate on the uplink, downlink, or both on the communication link 205. Both the base station 105-a and the UE 115-a may transmit the DMRS210 together with the data payload 215 over the communication link 205. To provide protection and more reliable detection for the DMRS210, the transmitting device may modify the payload 215. For example, the transmitting device may include an indication of the information (e.g., signaling information) transmitted in the DMRS210 within the CRC bits 230, or the transmitting device may determine a scrambling code based on the information in the DMRS210 and may scramble bits within the payload 215 based on the scrambling code.

A wireless transmitter (e.g., base station 105-a or UE 115-a) may transmit a reference signal, such as DMRS210, to a receiving device in order for the receiving device to perform channel estimation. For example, in the uplink, the UE 115-a may transmit the DMRS210 to the base station 105-a, and the base station 105-a may estimate a channel quality or a phase shift associated with the wireless channel based on the received DMRS 210. In the downlink, the base station 105-a may transmit the DMRS210 to the UE 115-a for channel estimation (e.g., in addition to or instead of transmitting cell-specific reference signals). The DMRS210 may be associated with a physical data channel, such as a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), or any other channel that carries a data payload 215. A device may transmit the DMRS210 on an associated physical data channel or in resources allocated for DMRS transmission.

In some wireless systems, such as next generation or NR wireless systems, devices may extend the functionality of DMRS210 beyond channel estimation. For example, the base station 105-a and/or the UE 115-a may include signaling information 220-a in the DMRS 210. The signaling information 220-a may include a timing indication, a payload identifier, or other signaling information. For example, the timing indication may include a System Frame Number (SFN), a synchronization signal block time index, or any other timing information associated with the physical data channel. The payload identifier may identify one or more multiplexed payloads 215 in the physical data channel (e.g., Uplink Control Information (UCI) multiplexed payloads for PUSCH). The devices may construct the DMRS210 using different DMRS sequences, where the different DMRS sequences may correspond to signaling information for transmission within the DMRS 210. DMRS sequences may be constructed based on pseudo-random noise (PN) sequences, which may reduce the cross-correlation of bits between different DMRS sequences. In one example, if a device transmits 4 bits of signaling information 220-a in the DMRS210, the device may indicate the information with one of sixteen DMRS sequences. Devices receiving the DMRS210 may perform correlation and/or detection to determine the signaled DMRS sequence. For example, at a receiver of a device, the device may correlate the received signal with a DMRS sequence hypothesis, and may select the received DMRS sequence based on the hypothesis and the received DMRS signal. The PN sequence used to construct the DMRS sequence may limit the false alarm rate, i.e., the receiver may select an incorrect DMRS sequence and, in turn, decode incorrect information bits based on incorrect detection of the DMRS sequence.

In some examples, a device (e.g., base station 105-a and/or UE 115-a) may transmit some signaling information 220-a in DMRS210 and may transmit other signaling information 220-b within data payload 215 on a physical data channel. A device may determine the number of bits for signaling information 220-a transmitted in DMRS210 and the number of bits for signaling information 220-b transmitted in data payload 215 based on the importance of the bits, the number of bits available for signaling information in DMRS210, or other signaling information splitting criteria. The complete set of signaling information bits 220 may be referred to as N bits. In an example where signaling information bits are divided between the DMRS210 and the data payload 215, the signaling information bits 220-a transmitted in the DMRS210 may be referred to as N1 bits and the signaling information bits 220-b transmitted in the payload 215 may be referred to as N2 bits. The signaling information bits 220 may include bits indicating an SFN or a synchronization signal block. For example, for SFN, a device may transmit a total of 10 signaling information bits 220, including 2 bits (e.g., N1 bits) in DMRS210 and 8 bits (e.g., N2 bits) in data payload 215. In another example, a device may transmit all SFN signaling information bits 220 in the DMRS210, in which case the data payload 215 may not include any N2 bits.

A device may receive the DMRS210, and in some examples, the device may detect an incorrect DMRS sequence associated with the DMRS210 (e.g., based on channel noise, incorrect DMRS hypotheses, etc.). This incorrect DMRS detection may result in processing delays or delays at the device. For example, a device may begin decoding a data payload 215 received on a physical data channel (e.g., PBCH) using an incorrect DMRS sequence, which may result in a decoding failure. The device may determine a decoding failure based on the channel coding or CRC bits 230 associated with the data payload 215. In an aspect, a device may identify that a decoding failure is based on an incorrect DMRS sequence, and the device may remove the DMRS sequence from physical data channel decoding.

In another aspect, however, the device may not determine whether the decoding failure is based on the selected DMRS sequence or the received signal corresponding to the data payload 215. In such an aspect, the device may not remove the DMRS sequence from the data channel decoding. In some procedures, the device may decode the data payload 215 despite using an incorrect DMRS sequence. However, based on the incorrect DMRS sequence used for decoding, further processing of the payload 215 (e.g., Residual Minimum System Information (RMSI) acquisition) may eventually fail. In an aspect (e.g., when the PUSCH DMRS210 is received), incorrect DMRS sequence detection may result in delayed HARQ transmissions. In any of the above aspects, the device may perform unnecessary or unsuccessful decoding operations on the data payload 215 based on the incorrect DMRS sequence, and may use additional time to perform the decoding operations or further procedures correctly. Accordingly, improving the reliability of DMRS sequence detection may improve processing delays at the device, such as system acquisition delays, handover delays, or HARQ retransmission delays, among other processes.

The device may include protection within the data payload 215 to improve the reliability of correctly decoding the data payload 215. For example, data payload 215 may include error correction code bits (such as CRC bits 230). The device may determine K CRC bits 230 by performing a CRC calculation on the bits in the data payload 215 containing the information. For example, the data payload 215 may include N2 signaling information bits 220-b and M other information bits 225. The K CRC bits 230 may be based on the two sets of information bits (e.g., N2 bits and M bits). However, the DMRS210 may not contain similar CRC bits for improving the reliability of the determination of the N1 signaling information bits 220-a. Rather, the device may modify the CRC bits 230 within the data payload 215 to additionally include information about the corresponding DMRS 210. For example, the device may further alter the CRC calculation or resulting CRC bit sequence for the payload 215 based on the N1 signaling information bits 220-a transmitted in the associated DMRS 210. In this way, the receiver may use the CRC bits 230 in the data payload 215 to further improve the detection of the corresponding DMRS sequence.

The device may implement static or dynamic CRC configuration design. In a static CRC configuration design, a device may implement the same CRC determination process for all scenarios. In one implementation, a device may perform CRC calculations on N1 signaling information bits 220-a, N2 signaling information bits 220-b, and M other information bits 225. In a second implementation, the device may perform CRC calculations on the N2 signaling information bits 220-b and the M other information bits 225 to obtain a preliminary set of CRC bits, and may perform a masking function on the preliminary CRC bits based on the N1 signaling information bits 220-a. In a static design, a device may implement one such implementation. However, in a dynamic CRC configuration design, the device may semi-statically switch between implementations for determining CRC bits 230. For example, a device may switch between implementations based on N1 bits, N2 bits, M bits, a number of K bits, or some combination of these bits for transmission. In a particular example, the device may determine a threshold number of N1 signaling information bits 220-a associated with K CRC bits 230 and may switch based on these threshold numbers. Below a certain threshold of N1 bits, the device may implement a CRC calculation design, and above the threshold the device may implement a CRC mask design. For example, if the number of N1 bits is greater than half the number of K bits, but less than the total number of K bits, the device may select a masking implementation. Otherwise, the device may select a computing implementation.

The device may perform scrambling to improve protection for DMRS signaling information bits 220-a. For example, the device may determine the scrambling code based on the N1 signaling information bits 220-a in the DMRS 210. The device may scramble some or all of the bits of the data payload 215 based on the scrambling code. For example, the device may scramble N2 signaling information bits 220-b, M other information bits 225, K CRC bits 230, any other bits in the data payload 215 (e.g., other redundant bits), or some combination of sets of these bits. A device may receive the DMRS210 and the scrambled data payload 215. If the receiving device incorrectly determines the DMRS sequence, decoding of the data payload 215 may fail based on the scrambling sequence. In this manner, scrambling the data payload 215 may improve processing latency, as decoding the data payload 215 may automatically fail early in decoding based on incorrect DMRS sequences.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example of a Resource Element (RE) mapping 300 that supports providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. RE mapping 300 may include REs allocated for: DMRS transmission 305, PBCH transmission 310, Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) transmission 315, Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) transmission 320, or some combination of these transmissions. Many other RE mapping formats may be used for transmission of the DMRS 305.

The UE115 may transmit the DMRS 305 on the uplink, or the base station 105 may transmit the DMRS 305 on the downlink. In addition to the DMRS 305, the UE115 or base station 105 may additionally transmit a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)315, a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)320, or both. The PSS 315, the SSS 320, or both, may be transmitted over a different bandwidth than the bandwidth allocated for the PBCH 310. For example, the PBCH310 may span a first bandwidth 325, while the PSS 315 and SSS 320 may span a second bandwidth 330, which second bandwidth 330 may be a smaller bandwidth. In one particular example, the first bandwidth 325 may span 288 Resource Elements (REs) and the second bandwidth 330 may span 127 REs. In an aspect, the UE or base station may leave a buffer on either end of the second bandwidth 330 where no signal is transmitted.

The UE115 or base station 105 may interleave the DMRS 305 throughout the PBCH310 bandwidth 325. In this way, the DMRS 305 and the PBCH310 may be transmitted simultaneously or during the same TTI (e.g., the same symbol or slot or subframe). The UE115 or base station 105 may include an indication of the DMRS 305 within the CRC sent in the PBCH310 (e.g., using a calculation procedure or a masking procedure). The PBCH310 may include protection for the DMRS 305 transmitted in the same TTI as the PBCH 310. The protection may include CRC protection or scrambling protection within the data payload transmitted in PBCH 310.

Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a CRC computation procedure with DMRS signaling information 400 that supports protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. The CRC calculation procedure with DMRS signaling information 400 may show one possible design for improving the reliability of DMRS signaling information. The procedures may show a UE (such as UE 115-b) generating and transmitting DMRS and data payload to a base station 105-b on an uplink communication link 405. However, the CRC calculation procedure with the DMRS signaling information 400 may also be applied to the downlink. For example, base station 105-b may perform transmitter-side procedures, and UE 115-b may perform receiver-side procedures.

As shown, UE 115-b may perform a set of transmitter-side procedures to protect DMRS signaling information. The DMRS signaling information may be included in N1 bits within the DMRS. The further signaling information may be included in the N2 bits included in the data payload. However, in some examples, the data payload may not include any further signaling information bits (e.g., there may be 0N 2 bits). In addition, the data payload may include M other information bits. The UE 115-b may perform CRC calculations on N1 bits, N2 bits, and M bits at 410. The CRC calculation may be an example of: a systematic cyclic code, a polynomial division algorithm, a shift register-based division algorithm, or any similar function for determining a set of CRC bits based on a set of input bits (e.g., in this aspect, N1 bits, N2 bits, and M bits). The CRC calculation at 410 may result in K CRC bits, which UE 115-b may attach or append to the data payload at 415. With the CRC bits included in the data payload, the UE 115-b may transmit the DMRS and the payload (e.g., using a format such as that described with reference to fig. 3) to the base station 105-b on an uplink communication link 405 (which may be an example of a physical data channel).

The base station 105-b may receive the DMRS and the data payload, and may perform a set of receiver-side functions to determine information carried in the DMRS and the data payload. At 420, the base station 105-b may detect the N1 signaling information bits based on the DMRS. Additionally, the base station 105-b may decode, at 425, the N2 additional signaling information bits and the M other information bits based on the data payload received on the physical data channel. At 430, base station 105-b may perform CRC validation on the detected and decoded bits. For example, the base station 105-b may perform a CRC function on N1, N2, and M bits to determine an expected value for a set of CRC bits attached to the data payload. At 435, the base station 105-b may compare the expected set of CRC bits to the actual received set of CRC bits. If the expected and received sets of CRC bits match, the CRC may pass, and base station 105-b may determine: the signaling information in the DMRS and the signaling and other information in the data payload are correctly detected and decoded. If the expected set of CRC bits is different from the received set of CRC bits, the CRC may fail and the base station 105-b may determine: signaling information in the DMRS, signaling and other information in the data payload, or a combination of both, is incorrectly detected or decoded. In this way, the CRC bits contained in the data payload can check not only the accuracy of the information contained in the data payload but also the accuracy of the information detected in the DMRS transmission.

Fig. 5 illustrates an example of a CRC masking procedure with DMRS signaling information 500 in support of providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. The CRC masking procedure with DMRS signaling information 500 may show one possible design for improving the reliability of DMRS signaling information. A process may show a UE (such as UE 115-c) generating and transmitting a DMRS and a data payload to a base station 105-c on an uplink communication link 505. However, the CRC mask procedure with DMRS signaling information 500 may also be applied to the downlink. For example, base station 105-c may perform transmitter-side procedures, and UE 115-c may perform receiver-side procedures.

The UE 115-c may perform a set of transmitter-side procedures to protect DMRS signaling information. The DMRS signaling information may be included in N1 bits within the DMRS. The further signaling information may be included in the N2 bits included in the data payload. However, in some examples, the data payload may not include any other signaling information bits. In addition, the data payload may include M other information bits. UE 115-c may perform CRC calculations on N2 bits and M bits at 510. The CRC calculation at 510 may result in K CRC bits, which may be referred to as preliminary CRC bits. At 515, UE 115-c may perform a masking process on the preliminary CRC bits instead of attaching the resulting CRC bits to the data payload. The masking procedure may be based on the N1 signaling information bits sent in the DMRS. In this way, the resulting masked CRC bits are based on both the N1 signaling information bits from the DMRS and the N2 and M information bits from the data payload. At 520, UE 115-c may attach the masked CRC bits to the data payload. With the masked CRC bits included in the data payload, the UE 115-c may transmit the DMRS and payload to the base station 105-c on an uplink communication link 505 (which may be an example of a physical data channel).

The base station 105-c may receive the DMRS and the data payload, and may perform a set of receiver-side functions to determine the DMRS and the information carried in the data payload. At 525, the base station 105-c may detect the N1 signaling information bits based on the DMRS. Additionally, at 530, the base station 105-c may decode the N2 additional signaling information bits and the M other information bits based on the data payload received on the physical data channel. At 535, the base station 105-b may perform CRC validation on the detected and decoded bits. For example, the base station 105-c may first perform a function (e.g., a reverse masking function) on the received masked CRC bits based on the N1 signaling information bits detected in the DMRS. In addition, base station 105-c may perform a CRC function on the decoded N2 additional signaling information bits and M other information bits in the data payload to obtain an expected set of unmasked CRC bits. At 540, the base station 105-c may compare the expected set of unmasked CRC bits to the output of a function (e.g., a reverse masking function). If the expected unmasked CRC bits match the output of the function, the CRC may pass, and base station 105-c may determine: the signaling information in the DMRS and the signaling and other information in the data payload are correctly detected and decoded. If the expected unmasked CRC bits are not the same as the output of the function, the CRC may fail and the base station 105-c may determine: signaling information in the DMRS, signaling and other information in the data payload, or a combination of both, is incorrectly detected or decoded. In this way, the masked CRC bits contained in the data payload may check not only the accuracy of the information contained in the data payload, but also the accuracy of the information detected in the DMRS transmission.

Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a potential CRC masking function 600 that supports providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. As described with reference to fig. 5, the potential CRC masking function 600 may be performed by a transmitting device (such as a base station or UE) at 515. Although fig. 6 illustrates a potential CRC masking function 600, a transmitting device may implement other CRC masking functions to provide protection for information in DMRS within a data payload.

The device may perform CRC calculations using the N2 signaling information bits and the M other information bits from the data payload as inputs at 605. The CRC calculation may output a preliminary set of CRC bits, which may be referred to as P-array 610. P-array 610 may contain K total bits, which may be the same number of bits that the device has allocated for CRC bits in the data payload.

At 615, the device may mask the preliminary set of CRC bits based on the N1 signaling information bits 625 from the DMRS. In one aspect, the device may utilize a lookup table 620. The look-up table may include all possible values for the N1 signaling information bits 625 and the corresponding X array 630. The X array 630 may be an example of a different set of bits, also of length K. In another aspect, rather than using the lookup table 620, the device may implement a projection function to project each value of the N1 signaling information bits 625 onto an array of K bits. In this manner, the device may convert signaling information contained in the DMRS into a set of bits (e.g., X array 630, which may be referred to as mask bits) having a size equal to the size of the preliminary CRC set of bits (e.g., P array 610).

The device may perform operations based on the P array 610 and the X array 630 to calculate a Y array 635 of masked CRC bits. For example, the device may perform an element-by-element exclusive or (XOR) function on P array 610 and X array 630. For example, the device may perform an XOR function on the P0 and X0 indices of P array 610 and X array 630, respectively, and may assign the result of the function to the Y0 index of Y array 635. The facility may apply this same process to the other indices of the P array 610 and X array 630 to compute the remaining indices of the resulting Y array 635. At 640, the device may attach the calculated masked CRC bits of Y array 635 to the data payload for transmission.

A device receiving the data payload and the corresponding DMRS may detect N1 signaling information bits 625 within the DMRS and may similarly decode N2 and M bits of the data payload. The receiving device may then select the desired X array 630 based on the detected N1 signaling information bits 625 and the desired P array 610 based on the decoded N2 and M bits, and may perform an element-wise XOR function on the desired array to determine the desired Y array 635. The receiving device may compare the expected Y array 635 to the masked CRC bits received in the data payload to validate the detected and decoded information.

Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a process flow 700 that supports providing protection for information transmitted in DMRS in accordance with various aspects of the disclosure. Process flow 700 may include a base station 105-d and a UE115-d, which base station 105-d and UE115-d may be examples of corresponding devices described with reference to fig. 1 and 2. The process flow 700 may show DMRS transmissions on the downlink, but the same procedure may also be applied to uplink DMRS transmissions.

At 705, a transmitting device (e.g., base station 105-d in this example) may identify a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission. In an aspect, the set of reference signal bits may include a first subset of reference signal bits to be transmitted with the DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits to be transmitted with the data transmission.

At 710, the base station 105-d may identify a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. The base station 105-d may identify the set of data bits prior to or concurrently with identifying the set of reference signal bits. In addition, base station 105-d may identify a scrambling code based on the reference signal bits and may scramble the data bits based on the scrambling code.

At 715, the base station 105-d may calculate a set of CRC bits based on the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. In an aspect, the base station 105-d may calculate a set of CRC bits based on the first subset of reference signal bits, the second subset of reference signal bits, and the set of data bits. In another aspect, the base station 105-d may calculate a subset of the set of CRC bits based on the second subset of reference signal bits and the set of data bits, and may mask the subset of the set of CRC bits using the first subset of reference signal bits. For example, the base station 105-d may obtain a bit string based on a first subset of reference signal bits, and may combine a subset of the set of CRC bits with the bit string using an XOR function. The base station 105-d may attach a set of CRC bits to the data bits.

Calculating the CRC bit set may further comprise: the base station 105-d receives configuration signaling indicating a CRC configuration for computing a set of CRC bits. In addition, base station 105-d may switch from a first CRC configuration for computing a set of CRC bits to a second CRC configuration for computing a set of CRC bits. In an aspect, the switching may be based on a size of the reference signal bit set, a size of the data bit set, a size of the CRC bit set, or a combination of these sizes.

At 720, the base station 105-d may send a DMRS transmission and a data transmission with a set of CRC bits to the UE 115-d. In an aspect, the base station 105-d may transmit a first subset of reference signal bits in a DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits in a data transmission. The base station 105-d may send the data transmission using a physical data channel and may send the DMRS transmission using resources reserved for the DMRS transmission. The DMRS transmission may convey phase reference information associated with the physical data channel.

At 725, the UE115-d may detect a set of reference bits associated with the DMRS transmission. At 730, the UE115-d may decode a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. Additionally, UE115-d may receive a set of CRC bits with a data transmission.

At 735, the UE115-d may perform a CRC validation process based on the set of CRC bits. The UE115-d may determine whether the CRC validation was successful based on the detected reference signal bit set and the decoded data bit set.

Fig. 8 illustrates an example of a process flow 800 supporting protection for information transmitted in DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. Process flow 800 may include a base station 105-e and a UE115-e, which may be examples of corresponding devices described with reference to fig. 1 and 2. The process flow 800 may show DMRS transmissions on the downlink, but the same process may also be applied to uplink DMRS transmissions.

At 805, a transmitting device (e.g., base station 105-e in this example) may identify a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission. At 810, the base station 105-e may identify a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. In an aspect, the base station 105-e may identify the set of data bits prior to or concurrently with identifying the set of reference signal bits.

At 815, the base station 105-e may identify a scrambling code based on the reference signal bits. At 820, the base station 105-e can scramble the data bits based on the identified scrambling code. In some examples, the base station 105-e may additionally compute a set of CRC bits based on the reference signal bits and the data bits.

At 825, the base station 105-e may send a DMRS transmission and a data transmission to the UE 115-e. For example, the base station 105-e may transmit a data transmission using a physical data channel and may transmit a DMRS transmission using resources reserved for the DMRS transmission. The DMRS transmission may include an indication of a phase reference associated with the physical data channel.

At 830, the UE115-e may detect a set of reference bits associated with the DMRS transmission. At 835, the UE115-e may decode the set of data bits. The UE115-e may determine a scrambling code based on the detected reference bit set and may decode the data bit set based on descrambling (un-scrambling) bits using the determined scrambling code.

Fig. 9 illustrates a block diagram 900 of a wireless device 905 that supports providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. The wireless device 905 may be an example of an aspect of a UE115 or a base station 105 as described herein. The wireless device 905 may include a receiver 910, a DMRS protection module 915, and a transmitter 920. The wireless device 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

Receiver 910 can receive information, such as packets, user data, or control information, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to providing protection for information conveyed in DMRS, etc.). The information may be communicated to other components of the device. The receiver 910 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1235 described with reference to fig. 12. Receiver 910 can employ a single antenna or a set of antennas. The DMRS protection module 915 may be an example of aspects of the

DMRS protection module

1215 or 1315 described with reference to fig. 12 and 13.

The DMRS protection module 915 and/or at least some of its various subcomponents may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functionality of the DMRS protection module 915 and/or at least some of its various subcomponents may be performed by a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure. The DMRS protection module 915 and/or at least some of its various subcomponents may be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of functionality are implemented by one or more physical devices at different physical locations. In some examples, the DMRS protection module 915 and/or at least some of its various subcomponents may be separate and distinct components in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In other examples, the DMRS protection module 915 and/or at least some of its various subcomponents may be combined with one or more other hardware components including, but not limited to, an I/O component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in this disclosure, or a combination thereof, in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure.

DMRS protection module 915 may identify a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission, and calculate a set of CRC bits based on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. The DMRS protection module 915 may also: detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission; decoding a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; receiving a set of CRC bits along with a set of data bits; and performing a CRC validation process based on the set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is calculated based on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. DMRS protection module 915 can additionally identify a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission; identifying a scrambling code based on a set of reference signal bits; and scrambling the set of data bits based on the identified scrambling code.

Transmitter 920 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device. A transmitter 920 may transmit a DMRS transmission and a data transmission with a set of CRC bits. In some examples, the transmitter 920 may be collocated with the receiver 910 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 920 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1235 described with reference to fig. 12. Transmitter 920 may use a single antenna or a set of antennas.

Fig. 10 illustrates a block diagram 1000 of a wireless device 1005 that supports providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure. The wireless device 1005 may be an example of an aspect of the wireless device 905 or the UE115 or the base station 105 described with reference to fig. 9. The wireless device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a DMRS protection module 1015, and a transmitter 1020. The wireless device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

Receiver 1010 can receive information, such as packets, user data, or control information, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to providing protection for information conveyed in DMRS, etc.). The information may be communicated to other components of the device. The receiver 1010 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1235 described with reference to fig. 12. Receiver 1010 may use a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The DMRS protection module 1015 may be an example of aspects of the

DMRS protection modules

1215 or 1315 described with reference to fig. 12 and 13. The DMRS protection module 1015 may further include an identification component 1025, a CRC component 1030, a detection component 1035, a decoder 1040, a CRC validation component 1045, and a scrambling component 1050.

The identifying component 1025 can identify a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. In one aspect, the set of reference signal bits includes a first subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the data transmission.

CRC component 1030 may calculate a set of CRC bits based on both a set of reference signal bits and a set of data bits. In an aspect, CRC component 1030 may calculate a subset of the set of CRC bits based on the second subset of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. In some examples, the set of CRC bits is calculated based on the first subset of reference signal bits, the second subset of reference signal bits, and the set of data bits.

Detection component 1035 may detect a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission. Decoder 1040 may decode a set of data bits associated with a data transmission.

CRC validation component 1045 may receive a set of CRC bits along with a set of data bits; and performing a CRC validation process based on a set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is calculated based on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. CRC validation component 1045 may additionally determine whether the CRC validation process was successful.

Scrambling component 1050 can identify a scrambling code based on a set of reference signal bits and scramble a set of data bits based on the identified scrambling code.

The transmitter 1020 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device. Transmitter 1020 may send a DMRS transmission and a data transmission with a set of CRC bits. The transmitter 1020 may send a first subset of reference signal bits in a DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits in a data transmission. In some examples, transmitter 1020 may send the data transmission in a physical data channel and may send the DMRS transmission using resources reserved for the DMRS transmission. The DMRS transmissions may convey phase reference information associated with the physical data channel. In some examples, the transmitter 1020 may be collocated with the receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1020 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1235 described with reference to fig. 12. The transmitter 1020 may use a single antenna or a set of antennas.

Fig. 11 illustrates a block diagram 1100 of a DMRS protection module 1115 that supports protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. The DMRS protection module 1115 may be an example of aspects of the DMRS protection module 915, DMRS protection module 1015, or DMRS protection module 1215 described with reference to fig. 9, 10, 12, and 13. DMRS protection module 1115 may include an identification component 1120, a CRC component 1125, a detection component 1130, a decoder 1135, a CRC validation component 1140, a scrambling component 1145, a masking component 1150, a bit set combination component 1155, a CRC configuration component 1160, and a CRC exchange component 1165. Each of these modules may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

The identifying component 1120 may identify a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission. In one aspect, the set of reference signal bits includes a first subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the data transmission.

CRC component 1125 may calculate a set of CRC bits based on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits and a subset of the set of CRC bits based on the second subset of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. In some examples, the set of CRC bits is calculated based on the first subset of reference signal bits, the second subset of reference signal bits, and the set of data bits.

A detecting component 1130 may detect a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission. In some cases, detecting component 1130 may detect a set of reference signal bits associated with a DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission. Decoder 1135 may decode a set of data bits associated with the data transmission.

CRC validation component 1140 may receive a set of CRC bits along with a set of data bits; and a CRC validation process may be performed based on a set of CRC bits, where the set of CRC bits is calculated based on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. In addition, CRC validation component 1140 can determine whether the CRC validation process was successful.

Scrambling component 1145 can identify a scrambling code based upon a set of reference signal bits; and scrambling the set of data bits based on the identified scrambling code. In addition, scrambling component 1145 can identify a scrambling code based upon a set of reference signal bits and descramble a set of data bits based upon the identified scrambling code.

The masking component 1150 may mask a subset of the set of CRC bits by referencing a first subset of the signal bits. The masking component 1150 may obtain a bit string based on the first subset of reference signal bits and combine a subset of the set of CRC bits with the bit string using an XOR function.

The bit set combining component 1155 may attach a CRC bit set to a data bit set. CRC configuration component 1160 may receive configuration signaling indicating a CRC configuration for computing a set of CRC bits. CRC switch component 1165 may switch from a first CRC configuration for computing a set of CRC bits to a second CRC configuration for computing a set of CRC bits; and switching from the first CRC configuration to the second CRC configuration based on a size of the reference signal bit set, a size of the data bit set, a size of the CRC bit set, or a combination thereof.

Fig. 12 illustrates a diagram of a system 1200 that includes a device 1205 that supports protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of, or include components of, the wireless device 905, the wireless device 1005, or the UE115 described above (e.g., with reference to fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, and 10). Device 1205 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including UE DMRS protection module 1215, processor 1220, memory 1225, software 1230, transceiver 1235, antenna 1240, and I/O controller 1245. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses, such as bus 1210. The device 1205 may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations 105.

Processor 1220 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., a general purpose processor, a DSP, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In one aspect, the processor 1220 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In another aspect, a memory controller may be integrated into processor 1220. Processor 1220 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks to support protection for information transmitted in DMRS).

The memory 1225 may include Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). The memory 1225 may store computer-readable, computer-executable software 1230, which includes instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, memory 1225 may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

Software 1230 may include code for implementing aspects of the disclosure, including code for supporting protection for information transmitted in DMRS. The software 1230 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a system memory or other memory. In one aspect, the software 1230 may not be directly executable by a processor, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

As described above, the transceiver 1235 may communicate bi-directionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links. For example, the transceiver 1235 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1235 may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, as well as demodulate packets received from the antenna.

In one aspect, a wireless device may include a single antenna 1240. However, in another aspect, a device may have more than one antenna 1240 that is capable of concurrently sending or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

I/O controller 1245 may manage input and output signals for device 1205. I/O controller 1245 may also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 1205. In some examples, I/O controller 1245 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some examples, I/O controller 1245 can be implemented using a computer-readable medium such as a ROM or a ROM

Or other known operating systems. I/O controller 1245 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In one aspect, I/O controller 1245 can be implemented as part of a processor. In some examples, a user can interact with device 1205 via I/O controller 1245 or via hardware components controlled by I/O controller 1245.

Fig. 13 illustrates a diagram of a system 1300 that includes a device 1305 that supports protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of, or include components of, the wireless device 905, the wireless device 1005, or the base station 105 described above (e.g., with reference to fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, and 10). Device 1305 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a base station DMRS protection module 1315, a processor 1320, a memory 1325, software 1330, a transceiver 1335, an antenna 1340, a network communications manager 1345, and an inter-station communications manager 1350. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses, such as bus 1310. The device 1305 may communicate wirelessly with one or more UEs 115.

Processor 1320 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or any combinations thereof). In one aspect, the processor 1320 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In another aspect, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1320. The processor 1320 may be configured to execute computer readable instructions stored in the memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks to support protection for information transmitted in DMRS).

Memory 1325 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 1325 may store computer-readable, computer-executable software 1330 comprising instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, memory 1325 may contain, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

Software 1330 may include code for implementing aspects of the disclosure, including code for supporting protection for information transmitted in DMRS. The software 1330 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a system memory or other memory. In one aspect, the software 1330 may not be directly executable by the processor, but may cause the computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

As described above, the transceiver 1335 may communicate bi-directionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links. For example, the transceiver 1335 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1335 may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antenna.

In one aspect, the wireless device may include a single antenna 1340. In another aspect, however, a device may have more than one antenna 1340 capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

The network communication manager 1345 may manage communication with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links). For example, the network communication manager 1345 may manage the communication of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115.

An inter-station communication manager 1350 may manage communications with other base stations 105 and may include a controller or scheduler to control communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other base stations 105. For example, inter-station communication manager 1350 may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs 115 for various interference mitigation techniques, such as beamforming and/or joint transmission. In some examples, the inter-station communication manager 1350 may provide an X2 interface within Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-a wireless communication network technologies to provide communications between base stations 105.

Fig. 14 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method 1400 for providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. As described herein, the operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by the UE115 or the base station 105, or components thereof. For example, the operations of method 1400 may be performed by the DMRS protection module described with reference to fig. 9-12. In some examples, the UE115 or base station 105 may execute sets of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE115 or base station 105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using dedicated hardware.

At block 1405, the UE115 or the base station 105 may identify a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. The operations of block 1405 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1405 may be performed by an identification component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1410, the UE115 or the base station 105 may calculate a set of CRC bits based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. The operations of block 1410 may be performed according to methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1410 may be performed by a CRC component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1415, the UE115 or base station 105 may send a DMRS transmission and a data transmission with a set of CRC bits. The operations of block 1415 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1415 may be performed by a transmitter as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

Fig. 15 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method 1500 for providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. As described herein, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by the UE115 or the base station 105, or components thereof. For example, the operations of method 1500 may be performed by the DMRS protection modules described with reference to fig. 9-12. In some examples, the UE115 or base station 105 may execute sets of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE115 or base station 105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using dedicated hardware.

At block 1505, the UE115 or the base station 105 may identify a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. In some examples, the set of reference signal bits includes a first subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the data transmission. The operations of block 1505 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1505 may be performed by an identification component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1510, the UE115 or base station 105 may calculate a set of CRC bits based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. The operations of block 1515 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1515 may be performed by a CRC component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1515, the UE115 or the base station 105 may calculate a subset of the set of CRC bits based at least in part on the second subset of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. The operations of block 1520 may be performed according to methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1520 may be performed by a CRC component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1520, the UE115 or base station 105 may mask a subset of the set of CRC bits with a first subset of reference signal bits. The operations of block 1525 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1525 may be performed by a masking component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1525, the UE115 or base station 105 may send a DMRS transmission and a data transmission with a set of CRC bits. The operations of block 1530 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1530 may be performed by a transmitter as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

Fig. 16 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method 1600 for providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. As described herein, the operations of method 1600 may be implemented by a UE115 or a base station 105 or components thereof. For example, the operations of method 1600 may be performed by the DMRS protection module described with reference to fig. 9-12. In some examples, the UE115 or base station 105 may execute sets of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE115 or base station 105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using dedicated hardware.

At block 1605, the UE115 or base station 105 may identify a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. In some examples, the set of reference signal bits includes a first subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the data transmission. The operations of block 1605 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1605 may be performed by an identification component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1610, the UE115 or base station 105 may calculate a set of CRC bits based at least in part on the first subset of reference signal bits, the second subset of reference bits, and the set of data bits. The operations of block 1615 may be performed according to methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1615 may be performed by a CRC component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1615, the UE115 or base station 105 may send a DMRS transmission and a data transmission with a set of CRC bits. The operations of block 1625 may be performed according to methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1625 may be performed by a transmitter as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

Fig. 17 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method 1700 for providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. As described herein, the operations of method 1700 may be implemented by a UE115 or a base station 105 or components thereof. For example, the operations of method 1700 may be performed by the DMRS protection module described with reference to fig. 9-12. In some examples, the UE115 or base station 105 may execute sets of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE115 or base station 105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using dedicated hardware.

At block 1705, the UE115 or base station 105 may detect a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission. The operations of block 1705 may be performed according to methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1705 may be performed by a detection component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1710, the UE115 or base station 105 may decode a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. The operations of block 1710 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1710 may be performed by a decoder as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1715, the UE115 or base station 105 may receive a set of CRC bits along with a set of data bits. The operations of block 1715 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1715 may be performed by a CRC validation component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1720, the UE115 or the base station 105 may perform a CRC validation process based at least in part on a set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is calculated based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits. The operations of block 1720 may be performed according to methods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1720 may be performed by a CRC validation component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

Fig. 18 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method 1800 for providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. As described herein, the operations of method 1800 may be implemented by a UE115 or a base station 105, or components thereof. For example, the operations of method 1800 may be performed by the DMRS protection module described with reference to fig. 9-12. In some examples, the UE115 or base station 105 may execute sets of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE115 or base station 105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using dedicated hardware.

At block 1805, the UE115 or base station 105 may identify a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. The operations of block 1805 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1805 may be performed by an identification component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1810, the UE115 or base station 105 may identify a scrambling code based at least in part on a set of reference signal bits. The operations of block 1810 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1810 may be performed by a scrambling component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1815, the UE115 or base station 105 may scramble the set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code. The operations of block 1815 may be performed according to methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1815 may be performed by a scrambling component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1820, the UE115 or the base station 105 may send a DMRS transmission and a data transmission. The operations of block 1820 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of block 1820 may be performed by a transmitter as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

Fig. 19 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method 1900 for providing protection for information transmitted in a DMRS, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. As described herein, the operations of method 1900 may be implemented by default or components thereof. For example, the operations of method 1900 may be performed by the DMRS protection module described with reference to fig. 9-12. In some examples, the UE115 or base station 105 may execute sets of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE115 or base station 105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using dedicated hardware.

At 1905, the UE115 or base station 105 may detect a set of reference signal bits associated with the DMRS transmission and a set of data bits associated with the data transmission. The operations of 1905 may be performed in accordance with the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1905 may be performed by a detection component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At 1910, the UE115 or base station 105 can identify a scrambling code based on a set of reference signal bits. The operations of 1910 may be performed according to methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by a scrambling component as described with reference to fig. 9-12.

At block 1915, the UE115 or the base station 105 may descramble the set of data bits based on the identified scrambling code. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by a scrambling component as described with reference to fig. 9-12. In some cases, when the identified scrambling code is incorrect, the UE115 or base station 105 may fail in scrambling the set of data bits. For example, when the UE115 incorrectly decodes the DMRS, the decoding of the data channel may automatically fail.

It should be noted that the above described methods describe possible implementations and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), single frequency carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and others. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems may implement radio technologies such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), and the like. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. The IS-2000 version IS commonly referred to as CDMA 20001X, 1X, etc. IS-856(TIA-856) IS commonly referred to as CDMA 20001 xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes wideband CDMA (wcdma) and other variants of CDMA. TDMA systems may implement wireless technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM).

The OFDMA system may implement wireless technologies such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)802.11(Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16(WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and LTE-A are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE-A, NR, and GSM are described in a document entitled "third Generation partnership project" (3GPP) organization. CDMA2000 and UMB are described in a document entitled "third generation partnership project 2" (3GPP 2). The techniques described herein may be used for the systems and wireless techniques mentioned above, as well as other systems and wireless techniques. Although aspects of an LTE or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may be applied beyond LTE or NR applications.

In LTE/LTE-a networks, including such networks described herein, the term evolved node b (enb) may be used generally to describe a base station. One or more wireless communication systems described herein may include heterogeneous LTE/LTE-a or NR networks, where different types of enbs provide coverage for various geographic areas. For example, each eNB, next generation node b (gnb), or base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other type of cell. The term "cell" can be used to describe a base station, a carrier or component carrier associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector, etc.) of a carrier or base station, depending on the context.

A base station may include, or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a node B, an evolved node B (enb), a gNB, a home node B, a home evolved node B, or some other suitable terminology. The geographic coverage area for a base station can be partitioned into sectors that form only a portion of the coverage area. One or more wireless communication systems described herein may include different types of base stations (e.g., macro cell base stations or small cell base stations). The UEs described herein are capable of communicating with various types of base stations and network devices, including macro enbs, small cell enbs, gbbs, relay base stations, and the like. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas for the different technologies.

A macro cell typically covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell is a lower power base station than a macro cell, which may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) frequency bands as the macro cell. According to various examples, the small cells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells. For example, a pico cell may cover a smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell also covers a small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, etc.). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, pico eNB, femto eNB, or home eNB. An eNB may support one or more (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) cells (e.g., component carriers).

One or more of the wireless communication systems described herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for synchronous or asynchronous operations.

The downlink transmissions described herein may also be referred to as forward link transmissions, while the uplink transmissions may also be referred to as reverse link transmissions. Each of the communication links described herein (including, for example, the

wireless communication systems

100 and 200 of fig. 1 and 2) may include one or more carriers, where each carrier may be a signal made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., waveform signals of different frequencies).

The description set forth herein in connection with the drawings describes example configurations and is not intended to represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and is not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described technology. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description applies to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label without regard to the second reference label.

The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard-wired, or a combination of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various places, including in a distributed fashion where portions of the functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B or C represents a or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., a and B and C). Further, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step described as "based on condition a" may be based on condition a and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on".

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Compact Disc (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Further, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes CD, laser disc, optical disc, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

The description herein is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:

detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission;

identifying a scrambling code based at least in part on the set of reference signal bits; and

descrambling the set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the data transmission is sent using a physical data channel.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

performing a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) validation process based at least in part on a set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is computed based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits.

4. A method for wireless communication, comprising:

identifying a set of reference signal bits associated with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission;

identifying a scrambling code based at least in part on the set of reference signal bits;

scrambling the set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code; and

transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

calculating a set of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein:

the data transmission is sent using a physical data channel; and

the DMRS transmission is transmitted using resources reserved for DMRS transmission.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the DMRS transmission conveys phase reference information associated with the physical data channel.

8. A method for wireless communication, comprising:

calculating a set of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits; and

transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission with the set of CRC bits.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the set of reference signal bits comprises: a first subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the data transmission.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the set of CRC bits is computed based at least in part on: a first subset of the reference signal bits, a second subset of the reference signal bits, and the set of data bits.

11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

computing a subset of the set of CRC bits based at least in part on the second subset of reference signal bits and the set of data bits; and

masking the subset of the set of CRC bits by a first subset of the reference signal bits.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

obtaining a bit string based at least in part on the first subset of reference signal bits; and

combining the subset of the set of CRC bits with the string of bits using an exclusive OR (XOR) function.

13. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

transmitting the first subset of reference signal bits in the DMRS transmission and transmitting the second subset of reference signal bits in the data transmission.

14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

attaching the set of CRC bits to the set of data bits.

15. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

receiving configuration signaling indicating a CRC configuration for computing the set of CRC bits.

16. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

switching from a first CRC configuration for computing the set of CRC bits to a second CRC configuration for computing the set of CRC bits.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

switching from the first CRC configuration to the second CRC configuration based at least in part on: a size of the set of reference signal bits, a size of the set of data bits, a size of the set of CRC bits, or a combination thereof.

18. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

scrambling the set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code.

19. The method of claim 8, wherein:

the data transmission is sent using a physical data channel; and

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the DMRS transmission conveys phase reference information associated with the physical data channel.

21. A method for wireless communication, comprising:

detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission;

decoding a set of data bits associated with a data transmission;

receiving a set of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits with the set of data bits; and

performing a CRC validation process based at least in part on the set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is calculated based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:

determining whether the CRC validation process is successful.

23. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

means for identifying a set of reference signal bits associated with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission and a set of data bits associated with a data transmission;

means for calculating a set of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits; and

means for transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission with the set of CRC bits.

24. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

means for detecting a set of reference signal bits associated with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmission;

means for decoding a set of data bits associated with a data transmission;

means for receiving a set of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits with the set of data bits; and

means for performing a CRC validation process based at least in part on the set of CRC bits, wherein the set of CRC bits is computed based at least in part on both the set of reference signal bits and the set of data bits.

25. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

means for identifying a scrambling code based at least in part on the set of reference signal bits;

means for scrambling the set of data bits based at least in part on the identified scrambling code; and

means for transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission.

26. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

a processor;

a memory in electronic communication with the processor; and

instructions stored in the memory and operable, when executed by the processor, to cause the apparatus to:

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the set of reference signal bits comprises: a first subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the DMRS transmission and a second subset of reference signal bits transmitted with the data transmission.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the set of CRC bits is computed based at least in part on: a first subset of the reference signal bits, a second subset of the reference signal bits, and the set of data bits.

29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

31. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

32. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

attaching the set of CRC bits to the set of data bits.

33. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

34. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

36. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

37. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:

the data transmission is sent using a physical data channel; and

38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the DMRS transmission conveys phase reference information associated with the physical data channel.

39. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

a processor;

a memory in electronic communication with the processor; and

decoding a set of data bits associated with a data transmission;

40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

determining whether the CRC validation process is successful.

41. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

a processor;

a memory in electronic communication with the processor; and

transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to:

43. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein:

the data transmission is sent using a physical data channel; and

44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the DMRS transmission conveys phase reference information associated with the physical data channel.

45. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:

46. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:

decoding a set of data bits associated with a data transmission;

47. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:

transmitting the DMRS transmission and the data transmission.