CN110799732A - 具有可调节的流动路径的排气后处理系统以及用于操作这种排气后处理系统的方法 - Google Patents
具有可调节的流动路径的排气后处理系统以及用于操作这种排气后处理系统的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110799732A CN110799732A CN201780092497.6A CN201780092497A CN110799732A CN 110799732 A CN110799732 A CN 110799732A CN 201780092497 A CN201780092497 A CN 201780092497A CN 110799732 A CN110799732 A CN 110799732A
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- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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Abstract
一种排气后处理系统,包括第一组排气后处理部件、第二组排气后处理部件、该排气后处理系统的入口、该排气后处理系统的出口、以及阀和管道装置,该阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中。在第一模式中,进入入口的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口。在第二模式中,进入入口的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件而不流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口。在第三模式中,进入入口的排气流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及排气后处理系统和用于操作这种系统的方法。
背景技术
预计更加严格的发动机和车辆排放标准将给柴油排气后处理带来了新的独特问题。为了满足未来的排放标准,必须更好地降低低温操作期间的发动机排放。当前的排气后处理系统(EATS)通常需要处于温热的温度,以获得合理的排放物催化转化。NOx捕集器或吸收器可用于在冷操作期间存储NOx。当排气温度升高时,NOx捕集器或吸收器就接收排气热量,并且一旦NOx转化催化剂已达到其操作温度,就释放所存储的NOx,通常释放到NOx转化催化剂。当前的存储催化剂和转化催化剂的组合具有在转化催化剂达到其操作温度之前就释放存储在NOx捕集器或吸收器中的NOx的风险。在预热阶段,当温度处于所述存储催化剂释放NOx但所述转化催化剂还没有有效转化NOx的范围内时,这允许排放物峰值的通过。
在常规的EATS中,存储催化剂被布置在转化催化剂的上游,因为希望在转化催化剂处于其操作温度之后转化由所述存储催化剂释放的NOx。这种布置的缺点是:排气在到达转化催化剂之前被存储催化剂等冷却,从而导致转化催化剂的预热时间更长。
在存储催化剂存储NOx并且转化催化剂处于其操作温度之后,通常希望通过使高温排气通过存储催化剂来再生存储催化剂,从而所述存储催化剂将释放所存储的NOx并且该NOx可以在转化催化剂处被转化。然而,长时间暴露于更高的温度下可能损坏所述存储催化剂。
希望提供一种在低温和高温期间有助于降低排放的EATS。还希望有助于快速预热想要在更高温度下操作的EATS部件。还希望提供如下一种EATS:其有助于存储催化剂的再生,同时最小化由于存储催化剂长期暴露于高温而损坏的风险。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,排气后处理系统包括第一组排气后处理部件、第二组排气后处理部件、该排气后处理系统的入口、该排气后处理系统的出口、以及阀和管道装置,该阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中,使得:在第一模式中,进入入口的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口,并且在第二模式中,进入入口的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件而不流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口。
根据本发明的另一个方面,排气后处理系统包括第一组排气后处理部件、第二组排气后处理部件、该排气后处理系统的入口、该排气后处理系统的出口、以及阀和管道装置,该阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中,使得:在第一模式中,进入入口的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口,并且在第二模式中,进入入口的排气流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种用于操作排气后处理系统的方法,该排气后处理系统包括第一组排气后处理部件、第二组排气后处理部件、该排气后处理系统的入口、该排气后处理系统的出口、以及阀和管道装置,该阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中,所述方法包括:将所述阀和管道装置配置在第一模式中,使得进入入口的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口;以及将所述阀和管道装置配置在第二模式中,使得进入入口的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件而不流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种用于操作排气后处理系统的方法,该排气后处理系统包括第一组排气后处理部件、第二组排气后处理部件、该排气后处理系统的入口、该排气后处理系统的出口、以及阀和管道装置,该阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中,所述方法包括:将所述阀和管道装置配置在第一模式中,使得进入入口的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口;以及将所述阀和管道装置配置在第二模式中,使得进入入口的排气流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口。
根据本发明的各个方面的EATS可以有助于在低温和高温期间降低排放。
根据本发明的各个方面的EATS可以有助于快速预热想要在更高温度下操作的EATS部件。
根据本发明的各个方面的EATS可以促进部件(例如存储催化剂)的再生,同时最小化这种部件由于长期暴露于高温而损坏的风险。
附图说明
通过结合附图阅读以下详细描述,可以很好地理解本发明的特征和优点,在附图中,相同的附图标记表示相同的元件,其中:
图1是根据本发明的一个方面的排气后处理系统的示意图,其中阀和管道装置被配置在第一模式中;
图2是图1的排气后处理系统的示意图,其中所述阀和管道装置被配置在第三模式中;
图3是图1的排气后处理系统的示意图,其中所述阀和管道装置被配置在第二模式中。
具体实施方式
发动机23的排气后处理系统21(EATS)在图1、图2和图3中被示意性地示出为处于不同的操作模式。本申请中讨论的技术涉及柴油发动机和相关联的EATS部件,然而,应当理解,本发明可应用于其它发动机排气后处理系统中。
EATS 21包括:第一组排气后处理部件25;第二组排气后处理部件27;该排气后处理系统的入口29,例如连接到发动机的排气歧管(未示出)的管道;以及该排气后处理系统的出口或排气管31。
EATS 21还包括阀和管道装置,该阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中,使得:在图1中所示的第一模式中,进入入口29的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件27,然后流过第一组排气后处理部件25,然后流过出口31。该阀和管道装置可以进一步配置在图3中所示的第二模式中,其中,进入所述入口的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件而不流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口。该阀和管道装置还可以进一步配置在图2中所示的第三模式中,其中,进入入口的排气流过第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过出口。
设置在该阀和管道装置中的阀和管道可以以多种不同的方式设置,以便能够配置在第一模式、第二模式或第三模式中。在图示的实施例中,这些阀和管道被设置成使得:第一三通阀33的第一端口经由入口29连接到发动机23,第一三通阀的第二端口经由第一管道37连接到第二三通阀35的第一端口,并且第一三通阀的第三端口经由第二管道41连接到第三三通阀39的第一端口。第二三通阀35的第二端口经由第三管道45连接到第二组排气后处理部件27的第一端43,并且第二三通阀的第三端口经由第四管道49连接到第一组排气后处理部件25的第一端47。第三三通阀39的第二端口经由第五管道53连接到第一组排气后处理部件25的第二端51,并且第三三通阀的第三端口连接到出口31。第二组排气后处理部件27的第二端55经由第六管道59连接到第四三通阀57的第一端口。第四三通阀57的第二端口连接到出口31,并且第四三通阀的第三端口经由也可以连接到第四管道49的第七管道61而连接到第一组排气后处理部件的第一端47。
设置有用于检测至少一个操作条件的至少一个传感器。还设置有控制器63,该控制器63被配置成接收来自所述至少一个传感器的与所述至少一个操作条件相对应的信号。控制器63被配置成:当所述至少一个操作条件处于第一条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在第一模式中,并且当所述至少一个操作条件处于第二条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在第二模式中。控制器63通常还配置成:当所述至少一个操作条件处于第三条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在第三模式中。
通常,存在多个用于检测操作条件的传感器。例如,温度传感器65可以设置在入口29处,以检测进入EATS 21的排气的温度。其它温度传感器(未示出)可以设置在各种位置处(在例如第二组排气后处理部件中的DPF的上游),以检测温度是否适合DPF的再生。也可以设置有压力传感器(未示出)(例如在DPF的上游和下游),以检测DPF两端的压降是多少,从而确定是否需要DPF的再生。
还可以设置有NOx传感器(未示出),例如用于检测离开EATS的NOx水平是否符合规定,或者例如用于检测进入和离开第一组排气后处理部件中的部件(例如NOx捕集器)的NOx水平是否适当地起作用或需要再生。传感器还可以包括计时器(未示出),所述计时器可以触发操作,例如在预定的操作周期之后再生NOx捕集器或DPF。部件(例如NOx捕集器)的再生也可以通过例如计算出满载的NOx捕集器来触发,满载的NOx捕集器的计算例如是通过测量入口29处的NOx水平并基于这些测量值、温度和排气质量流量测量值计算NOx负载而获得的。通过使用NOx捕集器下游的传感器所测得的NOx浓度、温度和排气质量流量的测量值来计算NOx水平,NOx的渗滤(bleed through)也可以指示满载的NOx捕集器,并且可以用于触发部件(例如NOx捕集器)的再生。用于确定NOx或所吸收的其它排放物的积聚的各种技术是已知的,并且适合结合本发明来使用。当传感器或控制器63确定第一组排气后处理部件中的部件满载并且需要再生时,传感器65可以向控制器63发送这种目的的信号,并且该控制器可以如图2中所示地配置所述阀和管道装置,这导致较高温度的排气通过该部件,使得该部件能够释放所积聚的排放物,然后这些排放物可以由第二组排气后处理部件中的一个或多个部件转化。
为了举例说明EATS 21的操作,第一组排气后处理部件25可以包括NOx捕集器、被动NOx吸收器和碳氢化合物吸收器中的一个或多个,或者其它的排放物保持部件,例如捕集CO或NH3的部件,它们通常在低温下、例如在低于约200℃,通常低于约175℃至200℃的温度下最佳地发挥作用。第二组排气后处理部件27可以包括柴油氧化催化剂、柴油颗粒过滤器和选择性催化还原催化剂(SCR)中的一种或多种,它们是通常在高于约200℃时最佳地发挥作用的部件。例如,当前的SCR需要约225℃的温度来开始获得合理的转化效率。在冷操作期间,即,通常在发动机冷起动之后,入口29处的排气温度低于200℃,排气后处理部件也将处于低于200℃的温度下。随着发动机达到正常操作温度且因此排气达到正常操作温度,排气中的热量将传递到排气后处理部件并加热排气后处理部件。通常希望快速加热第二组排气后处理部件,使得进入这些部件的气体的温度高于约200℃。
当入口29处的排气的温度低于约200℃,即,低于第二组排气后处理部件27的最佳作用温度并且在第一组排气后处理部件25的最佳作用温度的范围内时,传感器65可以向控制器63发送这种目的的信号,并且该控制器可以如图1中所示地配置所述阀和管道装置,这可以被称为正常冷操作。在该第一模式中,排气将首先进入第二组排气后处理部件27并将热量传递给那些部件以使它们能够尽快被加热,然后该排气将进入第一组排气后处理部件25,使得排放物能够被该组中的部件捕获。以这种方式,在冷操作期间,第一组排气后处理部件25可以有效地降低排放,而第二组排气后处理部件27可以比排气首先穿过第一组排气后处理部件时更快地达到操作温度。
当入口29处的排气的温度高于约200℃,即,在第二组排气后处理部件27的最佳作用温度的范围内且高于第一组排气后处理部件25的最佳作用温度的范围时,传感器65可以向控制器63发送这种目的的信号,并且该控制器可以以如图3中所示地配置所述阀和管道装置,这可以被称为正常热操作。在该第二模式中,排气将进入第二组排气后处理部件27,使得排放物可以被该组中的部件转化,并且第一组排气后处理部件25可以被绕过。通过绕过第一组排气后处理部件25,避免了该组中的部件中的一些部件长时间暴露在高温下(高温会损坏这些部件)。这样,第二组排气后处理部件27可以有效地降低排放,同时可以最小化由于第一组排气后处理部件25的部件长期暴露于高温而损坏的风险。
偶尔必需再生第一组排气后处理部件中的部件,例如通过使较高温度的排气穿过这些部件。例如,在由诸如计时器的传感器测量的一段时间之后或者在冷起动之后,第一组排气后处理部件25中的部件(例如NOx捕集器)可以被再生。如果入口29处的排气的温度高于约200℃,即,高于第一组排气后处理部件25的最佳作用温度的范围但在用于再生这些部件的温度的范围内,则传感器65可以向控制器63发送这种目的的信号,并且该控制器可以如图2中所示地配置所述阀和管道装置,这可以被称为再生操作。在该第三模式中,排气将首先进入第一组排气后处理部件25,并且足够高的温度通常将释放已经被捕集在这些部件中的排放物,该排放物然后将进入第二组排气后处理部件27,从而该排放物能够被该组中的部件转化。
通常,EATS 21的所述阀和管道装置将适于被配置在图1、图2和图3所示的三种模式中的任一种模式中,然而,如果希望或需要,则所述阀和管道装置可以仅配置在所示出的这些模式中的两种模式中,例如图1和图2中所示的模式或者图1和图3中所示的模式中。
在如图1、图2或图3中所示的用于操作EATS 21的方法中,所述阀和管道装置可以配置在图1中所示的第一或正常冷操作模式中,使得进入入口29的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件27,然后流过第一组排气后处理部件25,然后流过出口31。所述阀和管道装置随后可配置在如图3中所示的第二或正常热操作模式中,使得进入入口29的排气流过第二组排气后处理部件而不流过第一组排气后处理部件25,然后流过出口31。所述阀和管道装置还可以配置在如图2中所示的第三模式或再生操作中,其中,进入入口29的排气首先流过第一组排气后处理部件25,然后流过第二组排气后处理部件27,然后流过出口31。
当所述至少一个传感器65检测到至少一个操作条件(例如入口29处的温度,或反映第一组排气后处理部件25中的部件希望或需要再生的条件)并且控制器接收到与该操作条件相对应的信号时,所述阀和管道装置可以由控制器63自动地配置在第一模式、第二模式或第三模式中。
在本申请中,诸如“包括”的术语的使用是开放性的,并且旨在与诸如“包含”的术语具有相同的含义且不排除其它结构、材料或行为的存在。类似地,尽管诸如“能够”或“可以”的术语的使用旨在是开放性的并且表明该结构、材料或行为不是必需的,但不使用这种术语也并非旨在表明该结构、材料或行为是必不可少的。从该结构、材料或行为当前被认为必要的程度上来讲,它们被如此认定。
尽管已根据优选实施例举例说明和描述了本发明,但应意识到,在不脱离如权利要求书阐明的本发明的情况下,可以在其中进行多种变型和修改。
Claims (25)
1.一种排气后处理系统,包括:
第一组排气后处理部件;
第二组排气后处理部件;
所述排气后处理系统的入口;
所述排气后处理系统的出口;和
阀和管道装置,所述阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中,使得:
在第一模式中,进入所述入口的排气流过所述第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口,并且
在第二模式中,进入所述入口的排气流过所述第二组排气后处理部件而不流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述阀和管道装置能够配置在第三模式中,在所述第三模式中,进入所述入口的排气流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口。
3.根据权利要求2所述的排气后处理系统,包括:用于检测至少一个操作条件的至少一个传感器;以及控制器,所述控制器被配置成接收来自所述至少一个传感器的与所述至少一个操作条件相对应的信号,所述控制器被配置成:当所述至少一个操作条件处于第一条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第一模式中,并且当所述至少一个操作条件处于第二条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第二模式中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述控制器被配置成:当所述至少一个操作条件处于第三条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第三模式中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述第一组排气后处理部件中的至少一个部件是排放物吸收部件,所述排放物吸收部件在第一温度范围内吸收排放物并在高于所述第一温度范围的第二温度范围内释放所吸收的排放物,并且所述至少一个操作条件的所述第三条件是确定带有所吸收的排放物的所述排放物吸收部件的负载处于或高于预定水平。
6.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理系统,包括:用于检测至少一个操作条件的至少一个传感器;以及控制器,所述控制器被配置成接收来自所述至少一个传感器的与所述至少一个操作条件相对应的信号,所述控制器被配置成:当所述至少一个操作条件处于第一条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第一模式中,并且当所述至少一个操作条件处于第二条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第二模式中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述第一组排气后处理部件包括以下项中的一个或多个:NOx捕集器、被动NOx吸收器和碳氢化合物吸收器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述第二组排气后处理部件包括以下项中的一个或多个:柴油氧化催化剂、柴油颗粒过滤器和选择性催化还原催化剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述第一组排气后处理部件包括一个或多个第一组部件,所述第一组部件中的每一个均在低于约200℃时最佳地发挥作用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述第二组排气后处理部件包括一个或多个第二组部件,所述第二组部件中的每一个均在高于约200℃时最佳地发挥作用。
11.一种排气后处理系统,包括:
第一组排气后处理部件;
第二组排气后处理部件;
所述排气后处理系统的入口;
所述排气后处理系统的出口;和
阀和管道装置,所述阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中,使得:
在第一模式中,进入所述入口的排气流过所述第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口,并且
在第二模式中,进入所述入口的排气流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口。
12.根据权利要求11所述的排气后处理系统,包括:用于检测至少一个操作条件的至少一个传感器;以及控制器,所述控制器被配置成接收来自所述至少一个传感器的与所述至少一个操作条件相对应的信号,所述控制器被配置成:当所述至少一个操作条件处于第一条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第一模式中,并且当所述至少一个操作条件处于第二条件时,自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第二模式中。
13.根据权利要求12所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述第一组排气后处理部件中的至少一个部件是排放物吸收部件,所述排放物吸收部件在第一温度范围内吸收排放物并在高于所述第一温度范围的第二温度范围内释放所吸收的排放物,并且所述至少一个操作条件的所述第二条件是确定带有所吸收的排放物的所述排放物吸收部件的负载处于或高于预定水平。
14.一种用于操作排气后处理系统的方法,所述排气后处理系统包括第一组排气后处理部件、第二组排气后处理部件、所述排气后处理系统的入口、所述排气后处理系统的出口、以及阀和管道装置,所述阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中,所述方法包括:
将所述阀和管道装置配置在第一模式中,使得进入所述入口的排气流过所述第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口,以及
将所述阀和管道装置配置在第二模式中,使得进入所述入口的排气流过所述第二组排气后处理部件而不流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,包括将所述阀和管道装置配置在第三模式中,在所述第三模式中,进入所述入口的排气流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述排气后处理系统包括:用于检测至少一个操作条件的至少一个传感器;以及控制器,所述控制器被配置成接收来自所述至少一个传感器的与所述至少一个操作条件相对应的信号,所述方法包括:
当所述至少一个操作条件处于第一条件时,经由所述控制器自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第一模式中,以及
当所述至少一个操作条件处于第二条件时,经由所述控制器自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第二模式中。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述第一条件是在所述入口处测量到的温度低于预定温度,并且所述第二条件是在所述入口处测量到的温度高于所述预定温度。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,包括:当所述至少一个操作条件处于第三条件时,经由所述控制器自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第三模式中。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中,所述第一条件是在所述入口处测量到的温度低于预定温度,所述第二条件是在所述入口处测量到的温度高于所述预定温度,并且所述第三条件是所述第一组部件中的至少一个部件需要再生。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,所述第三条件是所述第一组部件中的至少一个部件需要再生。
21.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述排气后处理系统包括:用于检测至少一个操作条件的至少一个传感器;以及控制器,所述控制器被配置成接收来自所述至少一个传感器的与所述至少一个操作条件相对应的信号,所述方法包括:
当所述至少一个操作条件处于第一条件时,经由所述控制器自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第一模式中,以及
当所述至少一个操作条件处于第二条件时,经由所述控制器自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第二模式中。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,所述第一条件是在所述入口处测量到的温度低于预定温度,并且所述第二条件是在所述入口处测量到的温度高于所述预定温度。
23.一种用于操作排气后处理系统的方法,所述排气后处理系统包括第一组排气后处理部件、第二组排气后处理部件、所述排气后处理系统的入口、所述排气后处理系统的出口、以及阀和管道装置,所述阀和管道装置能够配置在多种模式中,所述方法包括:
将所述阀和管道装置配置在第一模式中,使得进入所述入口的排气流过所述第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口,以及
将所述阀和管道装置配置在第二模式中,使得进入所述入口的排气流过所述第一组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述第二组排气后处理部件,然后流过所述出口。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中,所述排气后处理系统包括:用于检测至少一个操作条件的至少一个传感器;以及控制器,所述控制器被配置成接收来自所述至少一个传感器的与所述至少一个操作条件相对应的信号,所述方法包括:
当所述至少一个操作条件处于第一条件时,经由所述控制器自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第一模式中,以及
当所述至少一个操作条件处于第二条件时,经由所述控制器自动地将所述阀和管道装置配置在所述第二模式中。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中,所述第二条件是所述第一组部件中的至少一个部件需要再生。
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