CN110799220A - 用于消毒的装置和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于对区域尤其患者的皮肤区域进行消毒的方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:a)将光学有效物质施加到所述区域上,b)将消毒剂施加到所述区域上,其中,所述光学有效物质和所述消毒剂构成为,使得通过所述消毒剂从所述区域移除所述光学有效物质或改变所述光学有效物质的光学特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于对区域尤其患者的皮肤部位进行消毒的方法和装置。
背景技术
在对患者进行透析治疗的过程中需要铺设一个或两个血管通道,经由所述血管通道,血液进入体外血液回路中并且从所述体外血液回路返回至患者。
血管通道的如下外部区域已知为感染的原因,经由所述外部区域,患者借助于针头连接和软管连接与用于执行体外治疗的设备连接。通过针穿刺或类似方式,病毒、细菌和病菌能够从患者的皮肤表面进入血管系统中。尤其对于免疫系统下降的患者,这会导致负面的结果。为了使病毒、细菌、病菌等被带入到患者的血管系统中的风险降低到最小,对通道部位周围的皮肤进行消毒。然而,通常不进行如下检查:是否全面和充分地进行了消毒。
从现有技术中已知,通过如下方式确定充分消:在施加消毒剂之后借助于紫外光检查其存在性。发光区域是充分消毒的标志,暗的区域显示未涂覆或仅少量地涂覆消毒剂的皮肤部位。
发明内容
本发明基于如下目的,提供一种方法和一种装置,借助于所述方法和装置能够以简单且可靠的方式确定:是否已经对尤其患者的皮肤区域进行充足消毒进而能够降低感染的风险。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法并且通过具有权利要求8的特征的装置实现。
据此提出,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)将光学有效物质施加到区域上
b)将消毒剂施加到所述区域上,
其中,光学有效物质和消毒剂构成为,使得通过消毒剂从所述区域移除光学有效物质或通过消毒剂改变光学有效物质的特性。与已知的方法途径相反,根据本发明不检验是否存在光学有效物质,而是检验所述光学有效物质是否已移除或发生光学改变。
如果移除光学活性物质,那么这相对于已知的方法具有如下显著的优点:光学有效物质不会随着通过针的穿刺进入患者的血管系统中。
根据本发明,通过消毒改变或移除光学有效物质的至少一个光学特性,这也包括如下情况:所述区域上或皮肤上的光学有效物质的浓度和/或量相对于在施加消毒剂之前的状态显著减少,优选减少至少75%,尤其至少90%和特别优选至少99%。
真正的消毒(完全或部分地)移除或改变光学有效物质的表面覆层,使得光学效果在成功消毒之后完全或基本上消失或改变。这能够被检测从而推断出是充分消毒还是未充分消毒。
光学有效物质例如能够是具有发荧光特性的介质。例如考虑亲肤的氟或包含亲肤的氟的物质,例如含氟的香豆素化合物。
因此,术语“光学有效”并非局限于可通过人眼察觉的范围,而是优选地或替选地包括另外的波长范围。
消毒剂涉及如下任意物质,所述物质首先具有消毒的特性并且其次有能力移除光学活性物质或改变其光学特性。例如考虑酒精或酒精溶液作为消毒剂。
关于这一点应指明,本发明不仅包括实际地移除光学活性物质,而且包括光学活性物质的光学特性的改变,例如从光学有效物质发射的光的频率范围的改变。在这两种情况下能够确定是否已施加消毒剂或在哪里已施加消毒剂。
优选地,在350nm至450nm的波长范围中的光出射到所述区域上,其中,引起在500nm至530nm的范围中的发荧光的光的光学发射。所述值仅涉及不限制本发明的示例性的值。
所述区域优选是患者的皮肤区域。
相对于给消毒剂混合发荧光的活性物质并且随后检验所涉及的区域是否充分发荧光的方法途径,通过根据本发明相反的方法途径(检验是否存在光学有效性尤其荧光性的缺失或降低)得出明显优点。如果单一的、不连通的对象在暗的背景前方发光地设置,如这由观察星空所已知的那样,那么所述对象的可识别性显著增加。相反,如果所述对象是在明亮的背景前方的暗的对象,那么所述对象的可察觉性相对低。与在明亮的背景前方的非荧光或不发光的面相比,在暗区中,归因于缺少消毒的发荧光的面或亮的面在未照明的或暗的背景前方可更好识别。
在暗区中,即在暗的背景前方,可最好地识别对消毒状态的证实。因此,所述方法的一个优选的设计方案在于,将光学有效物质选择为,使得在观察或光学检测时,与未设有光学有效物质的区域相比,光学有效物质可更亮地被察觉到。
优选借助于光学测量设备或拟人化(参照)进行光学检验,即,检验光学有效物质是否仍存在或以何种程度上存在或者是否是光学活性的。
在本发明的一个优选的设计方案中,在对患者的相关的皮肤区域或待消毒区域进行消毒之前,以氟或以含氟溶液冲洗相关的皮肤区域/待消毒区域的表面,并且然后确定光学特性或发荧光特性。所述测量或检测用作参考测量。
在皮肤区域或所述区域的所推荐的常用的消毒之后,优选进行对所覆层区域的光学特性或发荧光特性的另一检验。在成功消毒的情况下,通过消毒完全或尽可能消除或光学改变具有光学有效物质的覆层。
在未充分消毒的情况下发射的光的区域能够在重复的消毒步骤中免除病菌、细菌、病毒等。
优选提出,在消毒之前和在消毒之后对光学特性例如荧光性进行比较,并且根据所述比较推断出消毒是否充分。
在另一设计方案中提出,根据优选地自动进行的比较给使用者发信号:对所述区域是否充分进行消毒或是否需要重新消毒。
优选地,消毒的过程包括两个步骤。在第一步骤中,使皮肤面或区域免除病菌、污染和皮肤微粒。在第二步骤中,杀病毒式和杀菌式治疗皮肤面或所述区域。通常,必须考虑消毒剂的特定的作用时间。在多级消毒的情况下,优选在最后的消毒步骤之后实现对光学特性的测量。
原则上需指出的是,光学有效物质具有发荧光特性。然而,本发明包括任意另外的物质,其具有可检测的另外的光学特性。因此,本发明不局限于荧光性。
优选地,自动地或至少半自动地实现所述方法。在自动的方法的情况下,施加光学有效物质;施加消毒剂以及全自动地(一次或多次)测量光学特性。只要进行参考测量和与在施加消毒剂之后的测量的比较,优选也自动地进行所述比较和基于比较的测量。
在半自动的情况下可考虑的是,手动地施加光学有效物质和消毒剂并且自动地进行所有另外的步骤。
本发明优选地不包括穿刺皮肤的步骤,而是其已在之前结束,也就是说,已随着消毒结束或随着检验是否充分进行消毒结束。
本发明还涉及一种用于检验患者的皮肤区域或另外的区域的消毒的装置,其中,所述装置包括用于将光发射到皮肤区域或区域上的发射器以及用于检测来自皮肤区域或区域的光的探测器。优选地,所述装置包括控制单元,所述控制单元在特定的时刻激活发射器和/或探测器。
发射器能够构成用于,发射在350nm至450nm的波长范围中的光。探测器能够构成用于检测在500nm至530nm的波长范围中的光。在这种情况下,其是不限制本发明的示例性的值。
所述装置能够具有用于施加光学有效物质的机构和/或用于施加消毒剂的机构。可考虑如下全自动过程:所述装置不仅实施光学测量,而且实施施加光学有效物质和/或消毒剂,为此存在相应的涂覆机构。
在一个优选的设计方案中提出,所述装置具有控制单元,所述控制单元在施加光学有效物质之后并且在施加消毒剂之前激活发射器和探测器,以便执行参考测量,以及也在施加消毒剂之后激活发射器和探测器。
所述装置能够具有比较单元,所述比较单元将参考测量与在施加消毒剂之后的测量进行比较并且基于所述比较输出信号。如果得出这两个测量之间的充分大的强度间隔,那么能够推断出充足的消毒。
原则上也可考虑,所述装置不具有这种比较单元,并且不对参考测量进行确定,而是仅确定在施加消毒剂之后的光学特性。在这种情况下,能够根据光学特性的绝对值或根据所述值与能够存储的参考值的比较推断出消毒是否充分。
这能够例如光学地和/或声学地向使用者显示。
术语“光学特性”包括来自皮肤部位或区域的光的每个任意特性,如强度或亮度、波长、颜色等。
本发明还涉及一种具有根据权利要求8至13中任一项所述的装置的血液治疗装置、尤其透析设备。血液治疗设备的所述实施方案简化操作者对如下的识别:用于体外回路的通道部位是否充分进行消毒(从而能够进行穿刺)或是否不是这种情况。
优选提出,血液治疗装置具有用于发射器和/或用于探测器的电流供给装置、和/或储存容器、和优选用于储存容器的液位测量的机构,其中,一个或多个储存容器包含光学有效物质和/或消毒剂。
优选地,所述装置或血液治疗设备包括用于光学有效物质的储存容器和/或用于消毒剂的储存容器。
血液治疗设备优选地具有如下机构,所述机构向使用者显示消毒是否充分或是否必须再次消毒。
在这一点上需指出的是,术语“一个”不强制指所涉及的元件中的恰好一个元件,虽然这是本发明的可考虑的设计方案。因此,所述术语也能够指所涉及的元件中的多个。这相应适用于单数个元件的应用,所述单数个元件也包括多个,并且反之亦然,这适用于复数个元件的应用,所述复数个元件也包括元件中的仅一个元件。
附图说明
本发明的其他细节和优点根据在附图中示出的实施例详细说明。
具体实施方式
附图示出患者的待经受通过血液透析的血液治疗的皮肤区域1或患者的如下皮肤区域,在所述皮肤区域中,实现用于血液治疗的通道。
在引入形成血管通道的针之前,将具有发荧光特性的光学有效物质S施加到皮肤区域10上。例如能够是包含具有至少一个氟原子的香豆素衍生物的溶液。
在施加之后,测量和存储所述覆层的光学特性。为此,将具有特定的进行吸收的波长的光(附图标记20)施加到皮肤区域上,并且借助于探测器30测量从所述皮肤区域发射的荧光。所述值作为参考值存储。
随后,将消毒溶液喷涂到所述皮肤区域上,并且在特定的作用时间之后根据上述方法途径重新测量来自皮肤区域的光的光学特性。消毒溶液构造用于从皮肤区域移除光学有效物质。因此,在重新测量光学特性时得出与参考测量的不同。
所述装置具有比较单元,所述比较单元将重新测量与参考测量进行比较。如果所述不同充分大,那么给使用者发信号并且能够进行穿刺。如果不是这种情况,那么给使用者发出如下信号:必须重新进行消毒。
光学有效物质产生如下区域,所述区域在借助于探测器30观察时与未加载光学有效物质或不再加载光学有效物质的区域相比更亮,这简化了光学有效物质的移除的可识别性进而改善消毒的有效性。
还能够以人眼替代探测器30进行识别,其前提在于:光学活性或其改变在通过人可察觉的光的范围中进行。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于对区域,尤其患者的皮肤区域进行消毒的方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)将光学有效物质施加到所述区域上,
b)将消毒剂施加到所述区域上,
其中,所述光学有效物质和所述消毒剂构成为,使得通过所述消毒剂从所述区域移除所述光学有效物质,或通过所述消毒剂改变所述光学有效物质的光学特性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光学有效物质是具有发荧光特性的介质。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述光学有效物质是含氟的香豆素衍生物。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述光学有效物质和/或所述消毒剂喷涂到所述区域上。
5.根据上权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在观察或光学检测时,与未设有光学有效物质的区域相比,所述光学有效物质被感觉为更亮的区域。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在施加所述光学有效物质之后并且在施加所述消毒剂之前测量所施加的光学有效物质的光学特性。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述消毒之前和在所述消毒之后对光学特性例如荧光性进行比较,并且根据所述比较推断出所述消毒是否充分。
8.一种用于检验区域,尤其患者的皮肤区域的消毒的装置,其中,所述装置包括用于将光发射到所述区域上的发射器以及用于检测来自所述区域的光的探测器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述发射器构成用于发射在350nm至450nm的波长范围中的光。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置,其特征在于,所述探测器构成用于检测在500nm至530nm的波长范围中的光。
11.根据权利要求8至9中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置具有用于施加光学有效物质的机构和/或用于施加消毒剂的机构。
12.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置具有控制单元,在施加所述光学有效物质之后并且在施加所述消毒剂之前,所述控制单元激活所述发射器和所述探测器,以便执行参考测量,以及还在施加所述消毒剂之后,所述控制单元激活所述发射器和所述探测器。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置具有比较单元,所述比较单元将所述参考测量与在施加所述消毒剂之后的测量进行比较并且基于所述比较输出信号。
14.一种血液治疗装置、尤其透析设备,其具有根据权利要求8至13中任一项所述的装置。
15.根据权利要求14所述的血液治疗装置,其特征在于,所述血液治疗装置具有用于发射器和/或用于探测器的电流供给装置、和/或储存容器、和优选用于所述储存容器的液位测量的机构,其中,一个或多个所述储存容器包含所述光学有效物质和/或所述消毒剂。
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