CN110793271B - 用于通过空气的低温蒸馏来生产氩的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于通过空气的低温蒸馏来生产氩的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN110793271B
CN110793271B CN201910698523.0A CN201910698523A CN110793271B CN 110793271 B CN110793271 B CN 110793271B CN 201910698523 A CN201910698523 A CN 201910698523A CN 110793271 B CN110793271 B CN 110793271B
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liquid
separation column
column
argon
tank
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CN110793271A (zh
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I·贝尔托
A·布里利亚
B·多斯桑托斯
M·利尤特
F·斯坦
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于通过空气的低温蒸馏来生产氩的方法和设备，该设备包括氩分离塔(K)、用于将含有氩和氧(ORG)的气体送至塔的装置、用于在塔顶提取富氩流体(ARG)的装置、用于在塔底提取富氧液体(ORL)的装置和彼此上下定位的至少两个储罐(S1，S2，S3，S4，S5，S6)，每个储罐通过两个管道连接到氩分离塔的两个不同的中间层级，所述两个储罐是接续的。

Description

用于通过空气的低温蒸馏来生产氩的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过从空气中低温蒸馏气体来生产氩的方法和设备。
背景技术
包括氩分离塔的空气分离单元通常具有多个运行点和一定的运行范围。
通常以约0.5％/分钟的速率从一个运行点转入另一个运行点而不增加辅助设备。要解决的问题是找到一种解决方案，该解决方案使得可以在氩塔的转换期间保持不变的L/V比以便能够提高转换率，同时保持产率接近于名义情况。
发明内容
本发明在于在分配器的出口处安装中间容器，其在负荷下降期间被充填过量液体并且在负荷上升期间被使用，因为在没有这些容器的情况下，塔将缺少液体并因此缺少回流。
本发明的显著优点使得可以如氧和氮的产生一样快地修改氩生产负荷的上升和下降，并且实现可以达到或可能超出5％/分钟的预期速率，这取决于设备的规模和部署体积。
从“Start-up storage means for off-spec argon in an air separationunit(空气分离单元中用于不合格氩的启动存储装置)”(Research Disclosures，2000年5月)得知在塔的关闭期间将源自空气分离塔的液体储存在储罐中并且在其重新启动时使其返回到塔。
根据本发明的主题，提供了一种通过低温蒸馏生产氩的方法，其中将通过空气分离产生的富含氩的气体(ORG)送至氩分离塔(K)，在塔顶提取富氩流(ARG)，并且在塔底提取富氧液体(ORL)并使其返回到塔系统，其中：
i)在第一次运行期间，在(优选仅在)塔的负荷低于第一阈值的情况下，在塔的第一中间层级从塔中提取液体并将其储存在第一储罐中，不将液体从储罐送至塔，
ii)在第二次运行期间，在(优选仅在)塔的负荷高于第二阈值——该第二阈值大于第一阈值——的情况下，不将液体从塔送至第一储罐，在塔的通过至少一层可以实现质热交换的元件与第一中间层级分开的第二中间层级处将液体从第一储罐送至塔，第二中间层级位于第一中间层级的下方。
根据本发明的主题，提供了一种通过在塔系统中对空气进行低温蒸馏来生产氩的方法，其中在塔系统中分离空气以产生富氩气体，富氩气体被送到氩分离塔，在塔顶提取富氩流，并且在塔底提取富氧液体，然后返回到塔系统，其中：
i)在第一次运行期间，在(优选仅在)塔的负荷低于第一阈值的情况下，在塔的第一中间层级从塔提取液体并将其储存在第一储罐中，不将液体从储罐送至塔，
ii)在第二次运行期间，在(优选仅在)塔的负荷高于第二阈值————该第二阈值大于第一阈值——的情况下，不将液体从塔送至第一储罐，在塔的通过至少一层可以实现质热交换的元件与第一中间层级分开的第二中间层级处将液体从第一储罐送至塔，第二中间层级位于第一中间层级的下方；在第二次运行期间，不将液体从塔送至第二储罐，在塔的通过至少一层可以实现质热交换的元件与第三中间层级分开的第四中间层级处将液体从第二储罐送至塔，第四中间层级位于第三中间层级的下方并且第三中间层级不被定位在第二中间层级的上方。
优选地：
-在第二和第三中间层级之间未设有可以实现质热交换的元件，
-在第一次运行期间，将来自至少三个不同中间层级的流分别储存在相应的储罐中，并且不将液体从储罐送至塔，而在第二次运行期间，在塔的比从塔提取液体所处层级低的层级处从所述至少三个储罐中的每一个输送液体，
-氩分离塔包括通过源自塔系统的液体被供给液体的顶部冷凝器，在顶部冷凝器中气化的液体根据这两个运行返回到塔系统，并且其中通过测量被送至塔系统的气化液体的流速来检测是否超过了塔的负荷阈值。
根据本发明的另一主题，提供了一种用于通过在塔系统中对空气进行低温蒸馏来生产氩以实施上述方法的设备，其包括氩分离塔、用于将含有氩和氧的气体送至塔的装置、用于在塔顶提取富氩流体的装置、用于在塔底提取富氧液体的装置和至少两个上下定位的储罐，每个储罐通过两个管道连接到氩分离塔的两个不同的中间层级，其特征在于，所述两个储罐是接续的/接连的。
优选地：
-所述至少两个储罐由共同外壳中的两个罐形成，所述外壳优选仅包含储罐，一个储罐的底部优选构成下储罐的顶部，
-下储罐的顶部构成下储罐上方的中间储罐的底部，
-该设备包括直接连接到地面的用于至少两个储罐的支承装置，
-该设备不包括任何用于对待从塔的中间层级送至储罐的液体进行加压的装置，以及任何用于对待从储罐送至塔的液体进行加压的装置，储罐的高度是根据液体提取点和返回点选择的，
-所述至少两个储罐彼此连接，以便形成位于地面上的结构，
-至少两个、优选至少四个储罐形成细长体，其长度等于氩分离塔长度的至少一半，
-所述储罐和连接到储罐的至少一个管道(实际上甚至两个管道)中的至少一者被定位成使得在不使用泵的情况下将液体从塔流至储罐和/或从储罐流至塔，
-该设备不包括用于将液体从塔输送到储罐和/或从储罐输送到塔的泵，
-储罐位于专用冷箱中，
-储罐与氩分离塔一起位于冷箱中，
-氩分离塔的底部液体泵直接位于最低储罐的下方。
附图说明
将参考附图更详细地描述本发明。
图1示出了根据本发明通过低温蒸馏来生产氩的设备。
具体实施方式
该设备包括用于分离由双塔形成的冷却和净化空气的塔系统，所述双塔包括彼此上下布置并且热连接在一起的中压塔和低压塔。低压塔产生富氩气体ORG，其包含至少10mol％的氩。气体ORG被送至氩分离塔K的底部。
氩分离塔K包括八层质热传送元件1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8，其由结构化的填料组成，但层数可以更大或更小，这取决于所需的纯度。该塔还包括顶部冷凝器C，其从塔系统、更具体地从中压塔的底部接收富氧液体。液体在其中气化，并且形成的蒸气LRV被送至塔系统。
来自塔K的底部液体ORL由泵P10加压并经阀V1送至塔系统。
塔K顶部的气态氩在冷凝器C中冷凝。冷凝器C接收源自形成塔系统的一部分的双空气分离塔的中压塔的富氧液体。这种富氧液体(称为富液)在冷凝器C中至少部分地气化而形成气体LRV。
当塔K运行时，所产生的液态氩经由阀V3部分地返回塔K，并且作为产品ARG经由阀V2部分地被提取。
塔的旁边是由至少两个堆叠的储罐形成的结构S。在该图中，六个储罐S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6被堆叠成使得上储罐的底部是下储罐的顶部。
然而，储罐可以彼此独立，以便能够将它们分开并将它们用于另一设备中。
然而，优选地构造一个具有单个外壳的塔式结构，该外壳包含由隔板P形成的大量隔室。每个隔室用作液体储罐。
该结构定位成与塔平行并由独立于塔K的支承装置M支承，所述装置固定在地面T上。
当塔K的负荷高于第一阈值且低于第二阈值时，不将液体流从塔K送至储罐S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6，并且不将液体流从储罐送至塔K。
在第一次运行中，当塔的负荷低于第一阈值时，在塔K的至少一个中间层级处提取液体并送至储罐S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6中的至少一个。例如，可以将液体9从层8下方和层7上方的层级经由阀V4送至储罐S6和/或可以将液体13从层7下方和层6上方的层级经由打开的阀V6送至储罐S5和/或可以将液体17从层6下方和层5上方经由打开的阀V8送至储罐S4和/或可以将液体21从层5下方和层4上方经由打开的阀V10送至储罐S3和/或可以将液体25从层4下方和层3上方经由打开的阀V12送至储罐S2和/或可以将液体29从层3下方和层2上方经由打开的阀V14送至下部储罐S1。
显然，储罐的数量可以小于或大于6。
通过测量从冷凝器C送至塔系统的气化液体LRV的流速来检测负荷的下降。如果该负荷下降至低于第一阈值，则触发向至少一个储罐分配液体，并且在达到储罐中所需的液位时停止。
在第二次运行中，如果塔的负荷高于大于第一阈值的第二阈值，则从储罐S6提取液体并经由阀V5送至位于层7和层6中间的层级和/或从储罐S5提取液体并经由阀V7送至位于层6和层5中间的层级和/或从储罐S4提取液体并经由阀V9送至位于层5和层4中间的层级和/或从储罐S3提取液体并经由阀V11送至位于层4和层3中间的层级和/或从储罐S2提取液体并经由阀V13送至位于层3和层2中间的层级和/或从储罐S1提取液体并经由阀V15送至位于层2和层1之间的中间层级。
在第一次运行期间，不将液体从储罐提取到塔K，而在第二次运行期间，不将液体从塔送至储罐。
当负荷减小时，在第二次运行期间，必须减小冷凝器C的交换表面积，为此目的，将液态氩储存在冷凝器C本身中。该液体在负荷上升期间将从储器取出并且将执行保持罐的功能。
可以任选地在塔的顶部增加小罐，以便在由于储存在冷凝器C中的液体相对于气体负荷的过量而导致的负荷下降期间补偿液体回流不足。
对于其它部分，储罐S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6将通过液位控制器经由层N在负荷下降期间被填充，液位控制器的设定点将是随气化液体LRV的流速和延迟时间而变化的梯度/变化率(gradient)。这些相同的储罐将通过液位控制器排空到下层N-1中，液位控制器的设定点将是随气化液体LRV的流速和延迟时间而变化的梯度。
储罐的底部将位于一定高度处，使得从塔K送至储罐的液体不必加压以到达储罐。同样，来自储罐的液体自然地流出到塔K.
这些储罐(其还包括压力平衡管线)的定位将通过依次调节它们的上下层级来实现，以实现它们良好的液压功能，并且在塔高度处不需要特殊支承。该结构可由竖直导管支承，其中中间底部搁置在地面T上。
储罐S1至S6位于不包含蒸馏塔的专用冷箱中。
然而，它们可以与氩分离塔或另一蒸馏塔一起定位在冷箱中。
氩分离塔K的底部液体泵P10可以直接位于最低储罐S1的下方。

Claims (17)

1.一种通过低温蒸馏来生产氩的方法，其中将在塔系统中通过空气分离产生的富氩气体(ORG)送至氩分离塔(K)，在塔顶提取富氩流(ARG)，在塔底提取富氧液(ORL)并将该富氧液返回到所述塔系统，其中：
i)在第一次运行期间，在所述氩分离塔(K)的负荷低于第一阈值的情况下，在所述氩分离塔的第一中间层级处从所述氩分离塔提取液体并将该液体储存在第一储罐中，在所述氩分离塔的第三中间层级处从所述氩分离塔(K)提取液体并将该液体储存在第二储罐中；其中在第一次运行期间，不将液体从任何储罐送至所述氩分离塔，
ii)在第二次运行期间，在所述氩分离塔的负荷高于大于所述第一阈值的第二阈值的情况下，在所述氩分离塔的通过至少一层可以实现质热交换的元件与所述第一中间层级分开的第二中间层级处将液体从所述第一储罐送至所述氩分离塔，所述第二中间层级位于所述第一中间层级的下方；在所述氩分离塔的通过至少一层可以实现质热交换的元件与所述第三中间层级分开的第四中间层级处将液体从所述第二储罐送至所述氩分离塔，所述第四中间层级位于所述第三中间层级的下方并且所述第三中间层级不被定位在所述第二中间层级的上方；其中在第二次运行期间，不将液体从所述氩分离塔送至任何储罐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述第二中间层级和第三中间层级之间未设置可以实现质热交换的元件。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，在第一次运行期间将来自至少三个不同中间层级的流分别储存在相应的储罐中并且不将液体从所述储罐送至所述氩分离塔，并且在第二次运行期间在所述氩分离塔(K)的比从所述氩分离塔提取液体所处层级低的层级处从所述至少三个储罐中的每一个输送液体。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述氩分离塔包括顶部冷凝器(C)，该顶部冷凝器通过源自所述塔系统的液体而被供给液体，在所述顶部冷凝器中气化的液体(LRV)根据所述两次运行返回到所述塔系统，其中，通过测量运送至所述塔系统的气化液体的流速来检测是否超过了所述氩分离塔的负荷阈值。
5.一种用于通过在塔系统中对空气进行低温蒸馏来生产氩以实施根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法的设备，包括氩分离塔(K)、用于将含有氩和氧的气体送至所述氩分离塔的装置、用于在塔顶提取富氩流(ARG)的装置、用于在塔底提取富氧液(ORL)的装置和上下定位的至少两个储罐，每个储罐通过两个管道连接到所述氩分离塔的两个不同的中间层级，并且设置有至少一层可以实现质热交换的元件以将氩分离塔分为不同的层级，其特征在于，所述至少两个储罐是接续的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个储罐由共同外壳中的两个罐形成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备，其中，所述外壳仅包含储罐，一个储罐的底部(P)构成下方储罐的顶部。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，包括直接连接到地面(T)的用于所述至少两个储罐的支承装置(M)。
9.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，不包括任何用于对待从所述氩分离塔(K)的中间层级送至所述储罐的液体进行加压的装置以及任何用于对待从所述储罐送至所述氩分离塔的液体进行加压的装置，所述储罐的高度是根据液体的提取点和返回点而选择的。
10.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个储罐彼此连接，以便形成位于地面(T)上的结构(S)。
11.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个储罐形成一细长体(S)，该细长体的长度等于所述氩分离塔的长度的至少一半。
12.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，其中，至少四个储罐形成一细长体(S)，该细长体的长度等于所述氩分离塔的长度的至少一半。
13.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，其中，所述储罐和连接到所述储罐的至少一个管道或两个管道中的至少一者定位成使得液体在不使用的泵的情况下从所述氩分离塔(K)流到所述储罐和/或从所述储罐流到所述氩分离塔。
14.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，不包括用于将液体从所述氩分离塔输送到所述储罐和/或从所述储罐输送到所述氩分离塔的泵。
15.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，其中，所述储罐位于专用冷箱中。
16.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，其中，所述储罐与所述氩分离塔(K)一起位于冷箱中。
17.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，其中，所述氩分离塔(K)的底部液体泵(P10)直接位于最下方储罐(S1)的下方。
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EP3604994A1 (fr) 2020-02-05
FR3084736A1 (fr) 2020-02-07
FR3084736B1 (fr) 2022-04-15
US11441840B2 (en) 2022-09-13
US20200041204A1 (en) 2020-02-06
EP3604994B1 (fr) 2021-01-13

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