CN110792471A - Sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method for artificially freezing filling body - Google Patents
Sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method for artificially freezing filling body Download PDFInfo
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- CN110792471A CN110792471A CN201911006568.3A CN201911006568A CN110792471A CN 110792471 A CN110792471 A CN 110792471A CN 201911006568 A CN201911006568 A CN 201911006568A CN 110792471 A CN110792471 A CN 110792471A
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- filling
- freezing
- stope
- stoping
- artificial
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- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 tailings Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method for artificially freezing filling bodies, which comprises the following steps: dividing ore blocks into a one-step stope and a two-step stope according to the stope structure size, stoping the one-step stope first and then the two-step stope, wherein stope ore falling is fan-shaped medium-length hole lateral ore caving; after stope stoping is finished, tailing cemented filling is carried out on a goaf, meanwhile, an artificial freezing method is adopted, a natural cold source in a cold region is used for freezing water in filling materials, an artificial frozen filling body meeting supporting strength is formed, and volume expansion caused by water freezing is used for realizing top connection of the filling body; and (4) stoping the stope in the two steps, and after stoping of the ore body is finished, removing the freezing equipment and the freezing pipeline, and naturally thawing the artificial frozen filling body. The invention is suitable for mining ore bodies mined by adopting a tailing cemented filling method in cold regions, and has the characteristics of safe operation, less filling cement consumption and low filling cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground mine mining, in particular to a sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method for artificial frozen filling bodies
Background
The filling mining method is widely applied as one of three mining methods of underground mines. In the traditional stoping process of the sublevel open stoping subsequent filling method, stopes in one step and two steps are divided according to stope structure parameters, stope stoping in one step is carried out according to a certain stoping sequence, cemented filling is carried out after stoping is finished, a filling body is formed, and stoping of stopes in two adjacent steps is carried out. In the stoping process of the stope in the second step, the roof is supported by the filling body, the ground pressure is controlled, the strength of the ground pressure must meet the technical requirements, and the stoping safety is ensured. The strength of the filling body mainly depends on the dosage of cementing materials (cement) and the proportion of filling materials, so that on the basis of ensuring the strength of the filling body, the problems of drainage in the filling process, roof contact in the solidification process and the like are solved, and the filling body is an important difficult problem facing mines.
In the published achievement of 'prefreezing filling body stoping room ore pillar' (Wang Shen source, prefreezing filling body stoping room ore pillar [ J ]. colored mine, 1979(6):19-21.), it is proposed that in the room-pillar method mining, waste rock material is used for filling a goaf, water is sprayed in the waste rock material, then freezing water in the waste rock material by horizontally pre-burying a freezing pipeline to enable the filling body to reach certain strength, and finally, the stoping of the ore pillar is carried out. Because the sublevel open stope subsequent filling method and the room-pillar method have great differences in stope structure parameters, a tailing cemented filling process, a waste rock filling process and the like, the disclosed achievement cannot be applied to ore body mining of the tailing cemented filling mining method, and the problems of roof connection and the like in the solidification process are not solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the problem of roof contact in the drainage and solidification processes in the filling process can be simultaneously solved under the condition of not reducing the strength of a filling body, and the sectional open stoping subsequent filling mining method of the artificially frozen filling body for safe and efficient mining is ensured.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method for artificially freezing filling bodies comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the structural size of the stope, the ore blocks are divided into a one-step stope and a two-step stope, the one-step stope is adopted firstly, the two-step stope is adopted secondly, and the stope ore breakage is fan-shaped medium-length hole ore caving.
(2) After stope recovery is finished in the first step, preparing tailing cemented filling materials, erecting filling pipelines and freezing pipelines, and installing and debugging freezing refrigeration equipment.
(3) And filling the goaf by the tailing cemented filling material through a filling pipeline. In the filling process, the freezing equipment and the freezing pipeline are used for freezing the moisture in the filling material at the same time to form an artificial freezing filling body.
(4) After freezing and filling the stope area of the first step, stoping the stope of the adjacent stope of the second step; and (5) after the ore body is completely mined, dismantling the refrigeration equipment and the pipeline.
The sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method of the artificial frozen filling body is suitable for mining ore bodies mined by a tailing cemented filling method in cold regions.
And (3) in the step (2), erecting a filling pipeline and a freezing pipeline, and installing and debugging the freezing refrigeration equipment to work simultaneously.
Preferably, the freezing pipeline is erected in the step (2), the freezing pipeline is vertically arranged downwards in the upper pulse-crossing roadway above the goaf, the strength of the filling body pipeline is enhanced, and continuous refrigeration can be realized under blasting mining operation.
More preferably, in the step (3), the stope is filled in one step, and the water in the filler is frozen to form a frozen filler at one time.
Further preferably, in the step (3), when the goaf is filled, the moisture in the filling material is frozen by an artificial freezing method, so that bleeding does not need to be considered when the retaining wall is filled.
More preferably, in the step (3), after the water in the filler is frozen by the artificial freezing method, the water is frozen into ice to generate about 9% volume expansion, thereby realizing the top contact of the filler.
In the step (3), the strength of the artificial frozen filling body is determined according to the structure size of the stope and the stability of the surrounding rock, and the freezing range can be further determined according to the strength required by the artificial frozen filling body.
The filling material in the step (3) at least comprises waste stone, tailings, water and cement; the filling ratio is determined according to the strength of the artificially frozen filling body.
The refrigerating working medium adopted by the frozen filling body in the step (3) is ammonia, the auxiliary refrigerating working medium is a natural cold source in a cold area, and the refrigerant adopts a salt solution.
In the step (3), firstly, the freezing range of the artificial freezing filling body is determined according to the size of a stope and the strength requirement of the artificial freezing filling body, and the arrangement design of a freezing pipeline is determined; the pulse-through roadway above the goaf is sequentially operated as follows: laying a filling pipeline, arranging a freezing pipeline, installing and debugging freezing equipment, installing temperature and strength monitoring equipment of the artificial freezing filling body, conveying the filling material, freezing moisture in the filling material and finally forming the artificial freezing filling body.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the water in the filling material is frozen by using an artificial freezing method to form a hard artificial frozen filling body, the strength of the filling body required by design is achieved, filling and roof contact are realized, a large amount of cementing materials (cement) are not needed, and water is not needed to be drained in the filling process; compared with the traditional cemented filling mining method, on the premise of ensuring safe mining, the invention improves the strength of the filling body by freezing the filling body, ensures the filling roof contact, reduces the using amount of filling cement, reduces the filling cost, and has the characteristics of safe operation, large production capacity of ore blocks, small using amount of cement and low filling cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a sectioned open-stope subsequent cut-and-fill mining design with artificially frozen fill.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line ii-ii in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line iii-iii in fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. the method comprises the following steps of an upper vein penetrating roadway, 2 a rock drilling and ore removal roadway, 3 a vein following roadway, 4 a transportation roadway, 5 collapsed ores, 6 a cutting raise, 7 a fan-shaped medium-length hole, 8 an unexplored ore body, 9 filling materials, 10 an artificial freezing filling body, 11 a freezing pipe, 12 a filling pipe, 13 a filling retaining wall, 14 a refrigeration device, 15 a liquid supply pipe and 16 a cutting groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A sublevel open stope subsequent filling mining method for artificially freezing filling bodies divides ore blocks into a one-step stope and a two-step stope along the trend of an ore body, wherein the stope height is the step height, and is shown in figure 1.
Before mining, the strength of the artificial frozen filling body 10 is determined according to the size of a stope and the mechanical properties of surrounding rocks, then the stope in one step is mined, and sector medium-length hole lateral caving is adopted, as shown in figure 3. Arranging a cutting raise 6 at one end of a stope, forming a cutting groove 16, drilling a fan-shaped medium-length hole 7 in a rock drilling vein-penetrating roadway 2, carrying out lateral extrusion caving on an undeveloped ore body 8 in the stope, and carrying out ore removal on a caving ore 5 from a bottom ore removal roadway and carrying out ore removal from a middle-section haulage roadway 4.
After stoping of the stope is finished in the first step, a filling retaining wall 13 is constructed in the rock drilling ore removal roadway 2 at the lower part of the stope, and bleeding does not need to be considered for the filling retaining wall 13. Meanwhile, the proportion of the filling material is determined according to the strength required by the artificial frozen filling body 10, and the filling proportion is reasonable and economical as far as possible on the basis of ensuring the strength of the artificial frozen filling body 10. The following operations are sequentially carried out in the upper through drift 1 above the stope area in one step: laying a filling pipeline 12, arranging a freezing pipeline 11, installing and debugging freezing equipment 14, installing temperature and strength monitoring equipment of an artificial freezing filling body, constructing a filling retaining wall 13, pumping filling materials 9, freezing moisture in the filling materials 9 to finally form the artificial freezing filling body 10, and communicating the vein-penetrating roadway 1 with the vein-following roadway 3.
The freezing filling body adopts ammonia as a refrigerating working medium, the auxiliary refrigerating working medium is a natural cold source in cold regions, and the refrigerant adopts a salt solution. As shown in fig. 2, in the refrigeration equipment 14, the temperature of the saline solution is reduced to-25 to-35 ℃ by using a natural cold source and ammonia, and the saline solution is circulated in the liquid supply pipe 15 by using a saline pump to exchange heat with the filler, so that the filler is frozen.
After the artificial frozen filling body 10 is formed, stoping is carried out on the stopes of the two adjacent steps, and the stoping mode is the same as that of the stope of one step.
During mining of the ore body, it is desirable to enhance and maintain monitoring of the artificially frozen pack 10. And after the ore body is mined, the filling pipe 11 and the freezing equipment 14 are removed, so that the artificially frozen filling body is naturally thawed.
The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Nor is it intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method for artificially freezing filling bodies is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing ore blocks into a one-step stope and a two-step stope according to the structural size of the stope, stoping the one-step stope firstly, and stoping the two-step stope secondly, wherein ore falling of the stope is fan-shaped deep hole lateral ore caving;
(2) after stope recovery is finished, preparing a tailing cemented filling material, erecting a filling pipeline and a freezing pipeline, and installing and debugging freezing refrigeration equipment;
(3) filling the goaf by the tailing cemented filling material through a filling pipeline, and freezing moisture in the filling material by using an artificial freezing method in the filling process to form an artificial frozen filling body;
(4) after the filling bodies in the stope area of the first step are frozen, stoping the stopes of the two adjacent steps; and (5) after the ore body is completely mined, dismantling the refrigeration equipment and the pipeline.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the mining method is suitable for ore body stoping in cold regions.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (2), the filling pipeline and the freezing pipeline are erected at the same time, and the freezing pipeline is vertically erected in the through tunnel above the goaf, so that continuous refrigeration can be realized under the two-step stope blasting mining operation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (2), when the stope is filled in one step, the water in the filling material is synchronously frozen to form a frozen filling body at one time.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (2), when the goaf is filled, the water in the filling body is frozen by adopting an artificial freezing method, bleeding does not need to be considered when the retaining wall is filled, and the filling body is connected with the roof by utilizing the volume expansion generated by freezing the water into ice.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (3), the strength of the artificial frozen filling body is determined according to the structure size of the stope and the stability of the surrounding rock, and the freezing range can be further determined according to the strength required by the artificial frozen filling body.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the proportion of the filling material in the step (3) is determined according to the strength of the artificially frozen filling body.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the refrigerating working medium adopted by the frozen filling body in the step (3) is ammonia, the auxiliary refrigerating working medium is a natural cold source in a cold area, and the refrigerant adopts a salt solution.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step (3), firstly, the freezing range of the artificial freezing filling body is determined according to the size of a stope and the strength requirement of the artificial freezing filling body, and the arrangement design of a freezing pipeline is determined; the following operations are sequentially carried out in the drift-through roadway above the goaf: laying a filling pipeline, arranging a freezing pipeline, installing and debugging freezing equipment, installing temperature and strength monitoring equipment of the artificial freezing filling body, conveying the filling material, freezing moisture in the filling material and finally forming the artificial freezing filling body.
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| CN201911006568.3A CN110792471B (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2019-10-22 | Sublevel open stoping subsequent filling mining method for artificially freezing filling body |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112627817A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-09 | 河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司 | Mining method for large water mine by using freezing method |
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| CN102926753A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2013-02-13 | 中南大学 | Deep hole caving backfilling stoping method for artificially freezing stope roof |
| CN109184694A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-11 | 巴彦淖尔西部铜业有限公司 | A kind of pre- anchor sublevel drilling stage open stope afterwards filling mining method of upper disk |
| CN109611098A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-12 | 马钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of shaft of vertical well quick freezing method under the conditions of deep layer runoff water is larger |
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- 2019-10-22 CN CN201911006568.3A patent/CN110792471B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102926753A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2013-02-13 | 中南大学 | Deep hole caving backfilling stoping method for artificially freezing stope roof |
| CN109184694A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-11 | 巴彦淖尔西部铜业有限公司 | A kind of pre- anchor sublevel drilling stage open stope afterwards filling mining method of upper disk |
| CN109611098A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-12 | 马钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of shaft of vertical well quick freezing method under the conditions of deep layer runoff water is larger |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 王继源: "预先冻结充填体回采房间矿柱", 《有色矿山》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112627817A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-09 | 河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司 | Mining method for large water mine by using freezing method |
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