CN110791701B - Cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110791701B CN110791701B CN201810860731.1A CN201810860731A CN110791701B CN 110791701 B CN110791701 B CN 110791701B CN 201810860731 A CN201810860731 A CN 201810860731A CN 110791701 B CN110791701 B CN 110791701B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/607—Molten salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
Abstract
The invention provides a cylinder sleeve, which comprises the following components: 2.3 to 3.0 wt% of C, 1.5 to 2.5 wt% of Si, 0 to 0.15 wt% of P, 0.05 to 0.1wt% of S, 2.1 to 3.0 wt% of Mn, 3.5 to 4.0wt% of Cu, 0.05 to 0.1wt% of Pb and the balance of Fe. The cylinder sleeve prepared by adopting the cylinder sleeve formula with specific components has higher tensile strength, elastic modulus, good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and the inner wall wear surface has good wear resistance, wear reduction and thermal fatigue resistance. Moreover, the cylinder sleeve provided by the invention is simple in component composition and production process and low in cost. The cylinder liner provided by the invention can effectively reduce the frequency of replacement of the cylinder liner due to failure such as abrasion, corrosion, thermal fatigue and the like, namely, the service life of the cylinder liner is prolonged, and the production cost of the cylinder liner is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engine accessories, in particular to a cylinder sleeve and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the power and the explosion pressure of the engine, in the use process of the engine, the cylinder sleeve and the cylinder sleeve of main parts of the engine are often high in temperature due to poor heat conduction and incapability of transmitting the temperature to cooling water in time, the service life of the engine is seriously influenced by the high-temperature environment, the oil consumption of lubricating oil is further increased, and the failures such as cylinder pulling, early abrasion, cavitation and the like are caused to a certain extent. Therefore, how to make the cylinder sleeve have high heat conductivity, high tensile strength, elastic modulus and good cavitation resistance, obviously reduce the frequency of cylinder sleeve failure replacement such as abrasion, corrosion and thermal fatigue caused by high temperature, further improve the service life of the cylinder sleeve, the piston ring and even the engine, and is an urgent problem to be solved by various major host factories and accessory manufacturing enterprises thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder liner and a method for manufacturing the same, where the cylinder liner provided by the present invention has good thermal conductivity, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and cavitation resistance.
The invention provides a cylinder sleeve, which comprises the following components:
2.3-3.0 wt% of carbon;
1.5-2.5 wt% of silicon;
0-0.15 wt% of phosphorus;
0.05-0.1 wt% of sulfur;
2.1-3.0 wt% of manganese;
3.5-4.0 wt% of copper;
0.05-0.1 wt% of lead;
the balance being iron.
In the present invention, the carbon content is preferably 2.4 to 2.9% by mass, more preferably 2.5 to 2.8% by mass, and most preferably 2.6 to 2.7% by mass. In the present invention, the silicon content is preferably 1.8 to 2.2% by mass, and more preferably 2% by mass. In the present invention, the phosphorus is preferably contained in an amount of 0.01 to 0.12% by mass, more preferably 0.03 to 0.1% by mass, and most preferably 0.05 to 0.08% by mass. In the present invention, the sulfur content is preferably 0.06 to 0.09% by mass, and more preferably 0.07 to 0.08% by mass. In the present invention, the manganese content is preferably 2.2 to 2.8% by mass, more preferably 2.4 to 2.6% by mass, and most preferably 2.5% by mass. In the present invention, the copper content is preferably 3.2 to 3.8% by mass, more preferably 3.4 to 3.6% by mass, and most preferably 3.5% by mass. In the present invention, the mass content of the lead is preferably 0.06 to 0.09%, and more preferably 0.07 to 0.08%.
In the present invention, the solubility of copper in austenite is about 3.5% in cast iron, and room-temperature ferriteThe solubility in the body is about 0.35%, the copper content in the present invention is in the range exceeding its solubility in austenite, in the process of solidification and eutectic crystallization under the condition of large supercooling degree of water-cooled metal mold centrifugal casting, graphite, austenite and copper-based alloy particles which are not dissolved and directly precipitated are directly formed in molten iron, and along with the reduction of the temperature of the molten iron, the directly precipitated copper-based alloy particles are continuously enriched to eutectic cell boundaries and residual liquid under the action of centrifugal force, and the formed copper-based alloy particles are in positive segregation (generally, copper element is in negative segregation during eutectic solidification and only aims at solid-dissolved copper), meanwhile, the manganese content adopted in the invention leads the manganese element to be extruded by the continuously growing eutectic cell and enriched into the residual iron liquid, the manganese element loses the opportunity of combining with carbon due to the isolation effect of the copper-based alloy directly precipitated, so that the copper-manganese alloy Cu is used at the boundary of the eutectic cell.2And solidifying the MnPb precipitates, wherein the cylinder discharging temperature of centrifugal casting is 800-850 ℃, and the blank structure of the cylinder sleeve is cementite, austenite and copper-based alloy particles at the temperature (in order to form the copper-based composite precipitate alloy particles, the required casting mode is centrifugal casting and the content of copper which is not dissolved in austenite is ensured to be more than or equal to 2 times of the content of manganese elements).
In the invention, the manganese content adopted by the invention enables the manganese to be dissolved in the copper in a solid solution to strengthen the alloy and keep good plasticity; solid solution strengthening ferrite, and after the manganese content exceeds 2.0 wt%, the interplate distance of pearlite is obviously reduced; manganese and sulfur are combined to generate manganese sulfide particles, and the manganese sulfide particles are graphite nucleation particles.
In the invention, the mass content of the lead adopted by the invention is that the lead is distributed on the precipitated copper-based alloy matrix in the form of fine dispersed particles, so that the cylinder sleeve has good self-lubricating effect, the friction coefficient can be reduced, the wear resistance is improved, and the lead can fill up dendritic crystal gaps of the copper-based alloy and is beneficial to eliminating micro shrinkage porosity.
The invention provides a preparation method of a cylinder sleeve in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
sequentially smelting and centrifugally casting a carbon source, a silicon source, a phosphorus source, a sulfur source, a manganese source, a copper source, a lead source and an iron source to obtain a blank;
taking the blank out of the cylinder and cooling to obtain a cylinder sleeve blank;
quenching the cylinder sleeve blank into NaNO2And (5) obtaining the cylinder sleeve in the salt bath.
The invention has no special limitation on the types and sources of the carbon source, the silicon source, the phosphorus source, the sulfur source, the manganese source, the copper source, the lead source and the iron source, and the raw materials for smelting the cast iron alloy, which are well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted, and the simple substance materials of each component can be adopted. In the invention, the dosage and proportion of the carbon source, the silicon source, the phosphorus source, the sulfur source, the manganese source, the copper source, the lead source and the iron source meet the mass content of each component in the cylinder sleeve in the technical scheme.
In the invention, the smelting temperature is preferably 1450-1500 ℃, more preferably 1460-1490 ℃ and most preferably 1470-1480 ℃. In the present invention, after the completion of the melting, the obtained alloy liquid is preferably allowed to stand to sufficiently dissolve elements such as copper and manganese in the molten iron. In the invention, the standing time is preferably 10-20 min, more preferably 12-18 min, more preferably 14-16 min, and most preferably 15 min.
In the present invention, before the centrifugal casting, the alloy liquid after standing is preferably inoculated, and the inoculation method is preferably:
pouring the alloy liquid after standing into a large casting ladle for inoculation treatment; then transferring the inoculated alloy liquid into a fire ladle for inoculation again.
In the invention, an inoculant is placed at the bottom of the large casting ladle, and the inoculant is preferably a silicon-barium inoculant. In the invention, an inoculant is placed at the bottom of the fire ladle, and the inoculant is preferably a silicon-strontium inoculant.
In the present invention, the centrifugal casting is preferably performed using a single-station centrifugal casting machine. In the invention, the centrifugal casting pouring temperature is preferably 1420-1450 ℃, more preferably 1430-1440 ℃, and most preferably 1435 ℃. In the present invention, the rotation speed in the centrifugal casting process is preferably 1000 to 1300 rpm, more preferably 1100 to 1200 rpm, and most preferably 1150 rpm. In the invention, the thickness of the coating on the surface of the die in the centrifugal casting process is preferably 0.5-1 mm, more preferably 0.6-0.9 mm, and most preferably 0.7-0.8 mm. In the invention, the preheating temperature of the die in the centrifugal casting process is preferably 260-280 ℃, more preferably 265-275 ℃ and most preferably 270 ℃. In the invention, the water supply time in the centrifugal casting process is preferably 10-15 seconds, more preferably 11-14 seconds, and most preferably 12-13 seconds. In the invention, the water spraying time in the centrifugal casting process is preferably 80-90 seconds, more preferably 82-88 seconds, and most preferably 84-86 seconds. In the invention, the reduction time in the centrifugal casting process is preferably 90-100 seconds, more preferably 92-98 seconds, and most preferably 94-96 seconds.
In the invention, the cylinder discharging temperature of the blank obtained after the centrifugal casting is finished is preferably 800-850 ℃, more preferably 810-840 ℃, and most preferably 820-830 ℃.
In the present invention, the cooling method is preferably:
and rapidly cooling the blank to 500-530 ℃ in a spray cooling mode, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the cylinder sleeve blank.
In the invention, the spray cooling is preferably carried out to 510-520 ℃, and more preferably to 515 ℃; the temperature of the room temperature is preferably 10-40 ℃, more preferably 20-30 ℃, and most preferably 25 ℃.
After the cylinder sleeve blank is obtained, the cylinder sleeve blank is preferably subjected to rough machining, the outer circle water channel part of the cylinder sleeve is preferably machined in a dry turning mode, and water and cutting fluid cannot exist in the dry turning machining process. In the invention, the water channel part of the cylinder sleeve is preferably processed to the size of a finished product, and the processing size of other parts is reserved with a margin of 0.1-0.5 mm, preferably with a margin of 0.2-0.5 mm, more preferably with a margin of 0.3mm, so as to obtain a semi-finished cylinder sleeve.
The invention preferably quenches the semi-finished cylinder sleeve with NaNO2And (5) obtaining the cylinder sleeve in the salt bath.
In the invention, the temperature of the salt bath is preferably 350-400 ℃, more preferably 360-390 ℃, and most preferably 370-380 ℃; the quenching time is preferably 15-30 minutes, and more preferably 20-25 minutes. In the invention, after the quenching is finished, the obtained product is preferably cooled to room temperature by air, and a layer of compact oxide film is formed on the surface of the semi-finished cylinder sleeve. In the present invention, the thickness of the oxide film is preferably 0.02 to 0.1mm, more preferably 0.05 to 0.08mm, and most preferably 0.06 to 0.07 mm.
In the invention, after the salt bath is finished, the salt remained on the surface of the cylinder sleeve after the salt bath is preferably cleaned, then the finish machining is carried out, then the outer wall surface of the cylinder sleeve is polished, and finally the rust preventive oil is smeared, so that the cylinder sleeve can be obtained.
The matrix structure of the cylinder sleeve prepared by the invention is pearlite, martensite, copper-containing residual austenite, copper-manganese composite precipitate alloy, a small amount of copper-rich phase and phosphorus eutectic crystal, and the cylinder sleeve is a novel autogenous novel high-performance alloy composite material embedded with copper-based alloy. The cylinder sleeve with the matrix structure can continuously precipitate copper-rich phases in copper-containing austenite in the working process of an internal combustion engine (the working temperature is about 300 ℃), the copper-rich phases have good wear resistance, wear reduction performance and extreme pressure resistance, can make up for tiny fatigue crack sources in the wear process, and have a certain self-repairing function, and meanwhile, the grain size of the formed copper-rich phases can reach the nanometer level.
The cylinder sleeve which is made of the autogenous novel composite material inlaid with the copper-based alloy and prepared by the components and the production process has high strength, high plasticity, wear resistance and good lubricity; to form the Cu-Mn composite precipitate alloy2MnPb, which requires centrifugal casting as a casting mode and ensures that the content of copper which is not dissolved in austenite (in cast iron, the solubility of copper in austenite is about 3.0 percent) is more than or equal to 2 times of the content of manganese.
The copper element in the cast iron generally has the functions of promoting graphitization and reducing the chilling tendency; the technical problems solved by the invention include how to further improve the wear resistance and the anti-friction performance of the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, and also improve the corrosion resistance and the heat conduction performance of the cylinder sleeve; the novel washboard type structure of pearlite, martensite, copper-containing residual austenite, copper-based alloy precipitate, a small amount of copper-containing phase and phosphorus eutectic has good wear resistance and wear reduction, and the heat conductivity of the cylinder sleeve is obviously improved compared with that of a common gray cast iron cylinder sleeve due to the existence of the copper-based alloy.
The composite material cylinder sleeve obtained by the components and the preparation method has high strength, high plasticity and high elastic modulus, good antifriction property, lubricity, heat conduction property and cavitation resistance, the tensile strength is more than 450MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than 140 Gpa.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a metallographic photograph of graphite in a magnification of 100 times in a cylinder liner produced in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a metallographic photograph of a matrix structure of 100 times that of a cylinder liner manufactured in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a metallographic photograph of a matrix structure of 500 times in thickness of the cylinder liner according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of proportioning carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, copper, lead and iron, accurately weighing the raw materials, smelting at 1460-1480 ℃, standing at a high temperature for 15min after smelting, and fully dissolving alloy elements such as copper, manganese and the like in alloy liquid.
Preparing the alloy liquid into a blank by adopting a water-cooling metal mold centrifugal casting process, pouring the blank by using a single-station centrifugal casting machine, pouring the alloy liquid after standing into a large casting ladle, and placing a silicon-barium inoculant at the bottom of the large casting ladle for primary inoculation (the dosage of the inoculant is 0.6 wt%); then transferring the mixture into a fire ladle for secondary inoculation, placing a silicon-strontium inoculant (the dosage of the inoculant is 0.2 wt%) at the bottom of the fire ladle, pouring after inoculation is finished, wherein the pouring temperature is 1430-1450 ℃, the rotating speed of a pouring machine is 1200 rpm, the thickness of a mold coating is 0.6mm, the preheating temperature of a mold is 260 ℃, the water inflow time is 19 seconds, the water injection time is 60 seconds, the reduction time is 60 seconds, and the cylinder discharging temperature of a blank is controlled to be 850 ℃ after centrifugal casting is finished.
After the blank is taken out of the cylinder at the high temperature of 850 ℃, quickly cooling the blank to 500 ℃ by adopting a spray quick cooling mode, and then air-cooling the blank to room temperature to obtain a cylinder sleeve blank; the function of this step is: and keeping the copper-based alloy particles to room temperature, wherein the finally formed cylinder sleeve matrix structure is pearlite, martensite, copper-containing residual austenite, copper-manganese composite precipitate alloy, a small amount of copper-containing phase and phosphorus eutectic.
The cylinder sleeve blank is roughly machined, an excircle water channel part is machined in a dry turning mode (namely, water and cutting fluid cannot exist in the whole turning process), the water channel part is machined to the size of a finished product, the machining size of the rest part is reserved with 0.15mm of allowance, and then a semi-finished cylinder sleeve is directly quenched into NaNO at 350 DEG C2Keeping the temperature of the salt bath constant for 30 minutes, directly discharging the cylinder sleeve from the furnace after the temperature of the salt bath constant is constant, and air-cooling the cylinder sleeve to room temperature to form a layer of compact oxide film with the thickness of 0.03mm on the surface of the semi-finished cylinder sleeve.
And cleaning the residual salt on the surface of the semi-finished cylinder sleeve, performing finish machining after cleaning, polishing the surface of the outer wall of the cylinder sleeve after finish machining is completed, and finally smearing anti-rust oil to obtain the manganese-copper alloyed super material cylinder sleeve.
An HWF-900B infrared carbon-sulfur analyzer, an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and an ICP spectral analysis are adopted, and according to GB/T14203-1993 general rules of steel and alloy photoelectric emission spectroscopy analysis, GB/T20123-2006 infrared absorption method (conventional method) for measuring total carbon and sulfur content in steel after combustion in a high-frequency induction furnace, GB/T223.5-2008 reduced silicomolybdate spectrophotometry for chemical analysis of steel and alloy, GB/T233.59-2008 for measuring acid silicon content in steel and alloy, GB/T233.59-2008 for measuring bismuth phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometry and antimony phosphomolybdate blue spectrophotometry for measuring phosphorus content in steel and alloy, GB/T223.63-1988 for measuring manganese content in steel and alloy by sodium (potassium) periodate spectrophotometry for chemical analysis of steel, GB/T223.19-1989 for measuring copper content in steel and alloy by Xinprozone-trichloromethane extraction spectrophotometry for low-medium-low-element alloy steel 2006-20125-zinc alloy The components of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the present invention are detected according to the standard of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, and the detection result shows that the components of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the present invention are as follows: c: 2.31wt%, Si: 1.95 wt%, P: 0.11 wt%, S: 0.08 wt%, Cu: 3.52 wt%, Mn: 2.1 wt%, Pb: 0.06 wt%, the balance being iron.
Metallographic structure detection is carried out on the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention, the detection result is shown in fig. 1-3, and through metallographic structure analysis, the matrix structure of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is a type a graphite + pearlite + martensite + copper-rich retained austenite + copper-manganese-based composite precipitate + a small amount of copper-rich phase and phosphorus eutectic.
Adopting a universal material testing machine WDW-300, and according to GB/T228.1-2010 part 1 of metal material tensile test: according to the standard of the room temperature test method, the tensile strength of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the present invention is tested, and the test result shows that the tensile strength of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the present invention is 450 MPa.
The elastic modulus of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is tested by using a dynamic elastic modulus analyzer according to the GB/T22315-2008 ' test method for elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of metal material ', and the test result shows that the elastic modulus of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is 151 GPa.
The cylinder liner prepared in example 1 of the present invention was heated to 300 ℃ to simulate the use environment temperature for testing the frictional wear performance according to ASTM G181-2004(2009), which is the standard for frictional tests of piston rings and cylinder liner materials under lubrication conditions, using a high-speed frictional wear testing machine of the UMT-3 type, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1300 deg.c high temperature frictional wear performance of cylinder liner prepared in example 1 of the present invention
The cylinder liner with the matrix structure of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention also can continuously precipitate a nano-scale copper-rich phase in copper-containing austenite in the working process of an internal combustion engine (at the working temperature of about 300 ℃), the copper-rich phases have good wear resistance, wear reduction performance and extreme pressure resistance, can also compensate a tiny fatigue crack source in the wear process, and have a certain self-repairing function, and meanwhile, the grain size of the formed copper-rich phase can reach the nano-scale.
The thermal conductivity of the cylinder liner prepared in example 1 of the present invention was measured using a DLF-1300 model thermal conductivity tester according to astm e228-2006 standard "standard test method for measuring linear thermal expansion coefficient of solid material using a push rod dilatometer", and the measurement results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 heat transfer properties of cylinder liner prepared in example 1 of the present invention
According to GB6458-86 salt spray test national standard, the corrosion resistance of the cylinder sleeve prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is tested, and the detection result shows that the cylinder sleeve prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention does not rust in neutral salt spray for 12 hours.
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of proportioning carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, copper, lead and iron, accurately weighing the raw materials, smelting at 1450-1470 ℃, standing at a high temperature for 15min after smelting, and fully dissolving alloy elements such as copper and manganese in alloy liquid.
Preparing the alloy liquid into a blank by adopting a water-cooling metal mold centrifugal casting process; pouring by using a single-station centrifugal casting machine, pouring the alloy liquid after standing into a large casting ladle, and placing a silicon-barium inoculant at the bottom of the large casting ladle for primary inoculation (the dosage of the inoculant is 0.6 wt%); then transferring the mixture into a fire ladle for secondary inoculation, placing a silicon-strontium inoculant (the dosage of the inoculant is 0.2 wt%) at the bottom of the fire ladle, then pouring at the pouring temperature of 1430-1450 ℃, the rotating speed of a pouring machine is 1200 rpm, the thickness of a die coating is 0.6mm, the preheating temperature of the die is 260 ℃, the water incoming time is 19 seconds, the water exciting time is 60 seconds, the reducing time is 60 seconds, and the cylinder discharging temperature of a blank is controlled to be 830 ℃ after centrifugal casting is finished.
After the blank is taken out of the cylinder at the high temperature of 830 ℃, quickly cooling the blank to 500 ℃ by adopting a spray quick cooling mode, and then carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a cylinder sleeve blank; the function of this step is: and keeping the copper-based alloy particles to room temperature, wherein the finally formed cylinder sleeve matrix structure is pearlite, martensite, copper-containing residual austenite, copper-manganese composite precipitate alloy, a small amount of copper-containing phase and phosphorus eutectic.
The cylinder sleeve blank is roughly machined, an excircle water channel part is machined in a dry turning mode (namely, water and cutting fluid cannot exist in the whole turning process), the water channel part is machined to the size of a finished product, the machining size of the rest part is reserved with 0.15mm of allowance, and then a semi-finished cylinder sleeve is directly quenched into NaNO at 350 DEG C2Keeping the temperature of the salt bath constant for 30 minutes, directly discharging the cylinder sleeve from the furnace after the temperature of the salt bath constant is constant, and air-cooling the cylinder sleeve to room temperature to form a layer of compact oxide film with the thickness of 0.04mm on the surface of the semi-finished cylinder sleeve.
And cleaning the residual salt on the surface of the cylinder sleeve, performing finish machining after cleaning, polishing the surface of the outer wall of the cylinder sleeve after finish machining is completed, and finally smearing anti-rust oil to obtain the manganese-copper alloyed super material cylinder sleeve.
The components of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 2 of the present invention were tested according to the method of the embodiment 1, and as a result, the components of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 2 of the present invention were: c: 2.31wt%, Si: 2.15wt%, P: 0.1wt%, S: 0.07wt%, Cu: 3.8 wt%, Mn: 2.2wt%, Pb: 0.07wt%, the balance being iron.
Metallographic structure detection is carried out on the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 2, and metallographic structure analysis shows that the matrix structure of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 2 is a type A graphite + pearlite + martensite + copper-rich retained austenite + copper-manganese-based composite precipitate + a small amount of copper-rich phase and phosphorus eutectic.
The tensile strength, the elastic modulus, the heat conductivity and the corrosion resistance of the cylinder liner prepared in example 2 of the present invention were measured according to the method of example 1, and the results of the measurement were that the tensile strength of the cylinder liner prepared in example 2 of the present invention was 450MPa, the results of the frictional wear test at 300 ℃ are shown in table 3, the elastic modulus was 151GPa, the heat conductivity was shown in table 4, and the corrosion resistance was 12.5 hours, and no rust was generated in neutral salt spray.
Table 3 300 ℃ high temperature frictional wear performance of cylinder liner prepared in example 2 of the present invention
Table 4 heat transfer properties of cylinder liner prepared in example 2 of the present invention
Example 3
The method comprises the steps of proportioning carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, copper, lead and iron, accurately weighing the raw materials, smelting at 1450-1470 ℃, standing at a high temperature for 15min after smelting, and fully dissolving alloy elements such as copper and manganese in alloy liquid.
Preparing the alloy liquid into a blank by adopting a water-cooling metal mold centrifugal casting process; pouring by using a single-station centrifugal casting machine, pouring the alloy liquid after standing into a large casting ladle, and placing a silicon-barium inoculant at the bottom of the large casting ladle for primary inoculation (the dosage of the inoculant is 0.6 wt%); then transferring the mixture into a fire ladle for secondary inoculation, placing a silicon-strontium inoculant (the dosage of the inoculant is 0.2 wt%) at the bottom of the fire ladle, then pouring at the pouring temperature of 1430-1450 ℃, the rotating speed of a pouring machine is 1200 rpm, the thickness of a die coating is 0.6mm, the preheating temperature of the die is 260 ℃, the water incoming time is 19 seconds, the water exciting time is 60 seconds, the reducing time is 60 seconds, and the cylinder discharging temperature of a blank is controlled to be 830 ℃ after centrifugal casting is finished.
After the blank is taken out of the cylinder at the high temperature of 830 ℃, quickly cooling the blank to 500 ℃ by adopting a spray quick cooling mode, and then carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a cylinder sleeve blank; the function of this step is: and keeping the copper-based alloy particles to room temperature, wherein the finally formed cylinder sleeve matrix structure is pearlite, martensite, copper-containing residual austenite, copper-manganese composite precipitate alloy, a small amount of copper-containing phase and phosphorus eutectic.
The cylinder sleeve blank is roughly machined, an excircle water channel part is machined in a dry turning mode (namely, water and cutting fluid cannot exist in the whole turning process), the water channel part is machined to the size of a finished product, the machining size of the rest part is reserved with 0.15mm of allowance, and then a semi-finished cylinder sleeve is directly quenched into NaNO at 350 DEG C2Keeping the temperature of the salt bath constant for 30 minutes, directly discharging the cylinder sleeve from the furnace after the temperature of the salt bath constant is constant, and air-cooling the cylinder sleeve to room temperature to form a layer of compact oxide film with the thickness of 0.04mm on the surface of the semi-finished cylinder sleeve.
And cleaning the residual salt on the surface of the cylinder sleeve, performing finish machining after cleaning, polishing the surface of the outer wall of the cylinder sleeve after finish machining is completed, and finally smearing anti-rust oil to obtain the manganese-copper alloyed super material cylinder sleeve.
The components of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 3 of the present invention were tested according to the method of the embodiment 1, and as a result, the components of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 3 of the present invention were: c: 2.31wt%, Si: 2.15wt%, P: 0.1wt%, S: 0.07wt%, Cu: 4.0wt%, Mn: 2.2wt%, Pb: 0.07wt%, the balance being iron.
Metallographic structure detection is performed on the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention, and metallographic structure analysis shows that the matrix structure of the cylinder liner prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is a type a graphite + pearlite + martensite + copper-rich retained austenite + copper-manganese-based composite precipitate + a small amount of copper-rich phase and phosphorus eutectic.
The tensile strength, the elastic modulus, the heat conductivity and the corrosion resistance of the cylinder liner prepared in example 3 of the present invention were measured according to the method of example 1, and the results of the measurement were that the tensile strength of the cylinder liner prepared in example 3 of the present invention was 460MPa, the results of the frictional wear test at 300 ℃ are shown in table 5, the elastic modulus was 153GPa, the heat conductivity was shown in table 6, and the corrosion resistance was 13 hours, and no rust was generated in neutral salt spray.
Table 5 cylinder liner prepared in example 3 of the present invention has 300 c high temperature frictional wear properties
Table 6 heat transfer properties of cylinder liner prepared in example 3 of the present invention
From the above embodiment, the present invention provides a cylinder liner, which comprises the following components: 2.3 to 3.0 wt% of C, 1.5 to 2.5 wt% of Si, 0 to 0.15 wt% of P, 0.05 to 0.1wt% of S, 2.1 to 3.0 wt% of Mn, 3.5 to 4.0wt% of Cu, 0.05 to 0.1wt% of Pb and the balance of Fe. The cylinder sleeve prepared by adopting the cylinder sleeve formula with specific components has higher tensile strength, elastic modulus, good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and the inner wall wear surface has good wear resistance, wear reduction and thermal fatigue resistance. Moreover, the cylinder sleeve provided by the invention is simple in component composition and production process and low in cost. The cylinder liner provided by the invention can effectively reduce the frequency of replacement of the cylinder liner due to failure such as abrasion, corrosion, thermal fatigue and the like, namely, the service life of the cylinder liner is prolonged, and the production cost of the cylinder liner is obviously reduced.
Claims (4)
1. A cylinder liner, comprising the components:
2.31wt% of carbon;
2.15wt% of silicon;
0.1wt% of phosphorus;
0.07wt% of sulfur;
2.2wt% of manganese;
4.0wt% of copper;
0.07wt% of lead;
the balance being iron;
the preparation method of the cylinder sleeve comprises the following steps:
sequentially smelting and centrifugally casting a carbon source, a silicon source, a phosphorus source, a sulfur source, a manganese source, a copper source, a lead source and an iron source to obtain a blank;
taking the blank out of the cylinder and cooling to obtain a cylinder sleeve blank;
quenching the cylinder sleeve blank into NaNO2Obtaining a cylinder sleeve in salt bath;
the blank discharging temperature is 800-850 ℃;
the cooling method comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out spray cooling and air cooling on the blank to obtain a cylinder sleeve blank;
the spray cooling is carried out to 500-550 ℃;
air cooling to 10-40 ℃;
the NaNO2The temperature of the salt bath is 350-400 ℃;
the quenching time is 15-30 minutes.
2. The cylinder liner according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the melting is 1450-1500 ℃.
3. The cylinder liner according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising, before the centrifugal casting:
inoculating the smelted alloy liquid.
4. The cylinder liner according to claim 1, characterized in that the casting temperature during centrifugal casting is 1420 to 1450 ℃;
the rotating speed in the centrifugal casting process is 1000-1300 rpm.
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