CN114262838B - High-tin alloy cast iron and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-tin alloy cast iron and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides high-tin alloy cast iron, which comprises the following components: c: 2.5-3.4 wt%, S: less than or equal to 0.12wt%, si: 1.4-2.4 wt%, P:0.1 to 0.4wt%, mn: 0.9-1.4 wt%, cr:0.2 to 0.5wt%, sn:0.1 to 0.35wt%, cu:0.7 to 1.2wt%, nb:0.05 to 0.20 weight percent, and the balance of Fe. The high-tin alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve prepared by the invention realizes good combination of the mechanical property, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance of the gray cast iron cylinder sleeve, and the invention provides a cylinder sleeve material which has better comprehensive performance and is suitable for special working environment. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the high-tin alloy cast iron.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cast iron alloy, and particularly relates to high-tin alloy cast iron and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The cylinder sleeve is used as a core part of an automobile engine, high-speed sliding friction is always generated between the cylinder sleeve and a piston ring and a piston skirt part in the working process, the slapping of a piston is borne, the cylinder sleeve is enabled to vibrate violently, a low-pressure area is formed between the outer side of the cylinder sleeve and cooling liquid, the cooling liquid is gasified in the low-pressure area to form bubbles, and the continuous vibration of the cylinder sleeve enables the outer wall of the low-pressure bubble cylinder sleeve to explode continuously. The oxide film on the outer side of the cylinder sleeve generates a plurality of small holes, then generated bubbles are easy to be retained in the small holes, and then the bubbles are continuously broken, so that the original holes are continuously enlarged, meanwhile, the inner surface is directly acted by high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas, the outer surface is contacted with cooling liquid, severe thermal stress is generated under large temperature difference, and the damage speed is accelerated due to the corrosion of the cooling liquid.
The special working environment requires that the cylinder liner material has enough strength, wear resistance and heat resistance, and also has better corrosion resistance, especially the development of the engine industry puts forward higher requirements on the cylinder liner.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a high-tin alloy cast iron, and a preparation method and an application thereof.
The invention provides high-tin alloy cast iron, which comprises the following components:
C：2.5～3.4wt％，
S：≤0.12wt％，
Si：1.4～2.4wt％，
P：0.1～0.4wt％，
Mn：0.9～1.4wt％，
Cr：0.2～0.5wt％，
Sn：0.1～0.35wt％，
Cu：0.7～1.2wt％，
Nb：0.05～0.20wt％，
the balance being Fe.
Preferably, the Mn content is 1.0 to 1.2% by mass.
Preferably, the mass content of Cr is 0.25 to 0.4%.
Preferably, the mass content of Sn is 0.15 to 0.3%.
Preferably, the mass content of Cu is 0.85-1.1%.
Preferably, the mass content of Nb is 0.08 to 0.15%.
Preferably, the metallographic structure of the high-tin alloy cast iron is flake graphite and fine flake pearlite, and niobium-containing carbide is distributed in a matrix.
The invention provides a preparation method of high-tin alloy cast iron, which comprises the following steps:
smelting the raw materials to obtain an alloy liquid;
casting the alloy liquid to obtain a blank;
and cooling the blank and then carrying out heat treatment to obtain the high-tin alloy cast iron.
Preferably, the smelting temperature is 1480-1550 ℃.
The present invention provides a cylinder liner, including: the high-tin alloy cast iron in the technical scheme.
According to the alloy gray cast iron material provided by the invention, in gray cast iron with higher Sn content, the content of pearlite is increased by adding Mn and Cr, proper Cu refined pearlite is added to improve the matrix strength, a small amount of Nb is added to improve the wear resistance of the alloy gray cast iron material, and the electrochemical corrosion driving force of the cast iron is reduced under the action of Sn, so that the corrosion rate is reduced; the invention applies the material to produce and implement a high-tin alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve, after centrifugal casting and molding, the structure of the cylinder sleeve is uniform by adopting stress-relief annealing treatment, the hardness of the obtained cylinder sleeve is 270-350 HBW, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa, the elastic modulus is more than 140GPa, the corrosion resistance of the cylinder sleeve can reach the level of corrosion-resistant cast iron by inspection, and the heat conductivity coefficient and the thermal expansion coefficient also meet the requirements of the working condition of the cylinder sleeve. The high-tin alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve prepared by the invention realizes the good combination of the mechanical property, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance of the gray cast iron cylinder sleeve, and provides a cylinder sleeve material which has better comprehensive performance and can be suitable for special working environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graphite metallographic picture of a cylinder liner material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic picture of a matrix structure of a cylinder liner material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graphite metallographic picture of a cylinder liner material prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a metallographic picture of the base structure of the cylinder liner material prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides high-tin alloy cast iron, which comprises the following components:
C：2.5～3.4wt％，
S：≤0.12wt％，
Si：1.4～2.4wt％，
P：0.1～0.4wt％，
Mn：0.9～1.4wt％，
Cr：0.2～0.5wt％，
Sn：0.1～0.35wt％，
Cu：0.7～1.2wt％，
Nb：0.05～0.20wt％，
the balance being Fe.
In the invention, the number of graphite can be reduced by reducing the carbon equivalent, the graphite is refined, and the tensile strength is improved by controlling the carbon-silicon ratio.
In the present invention, the C content is preferably 2.6 to 3.0% by mass, more preferably 2.7 to 2.9% by mass, and most preferably 2.8% by mass.
In the present invention, the mass content of S is preferably 0.12% or less, more preferably 0.08% or less, and most preferably 0.06% or less.
In the present invention, the Si content is preferably 1.7 to 2.3% by mass, more preferably 1.9 to 2.3% by mass, more preferably 2.0 to 2.2% by mass, and most preferably 2.1% by mass.
In the invention, P forms a phosphorus eutectic crystal in cast iron and exists in a crystal boundary, so that the hardness and the wear resistance can be improved, but the toughness of the material is reduced, and the cold tendency is increased.
In the present invention, the content of P is preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.2% by mass, and most preferably 0.15% by mass.
In the invention, mn plays a role in neutralizing sulfur in molten iron, and the excessive Mn increases the pearlite content, so that the manganese content of the casting is below 1.0 percent. In the present invention, the Mn content is preferably 1.0 to 1.2% by mass, more preferably 1.05 to 1.15% by mass, and most preferably 1.1% by mass, in order to obtain a high-strength pearlite matrix gray cast iron.
In the present invention, cr inhibits ferrite nucleation and promotes and refines the pearlite structure, but excessive Cr forms a large amount of free carbides, increasing the difficulty of machining.
In the present invention, the content of Cr is preferably 0.25 to 0.4% by mass, more preferably 0.28 to 0.35% by mass, and most preferably 0.3 to 0.32% by mass.
In the invention, sn has no obvious influence on graphite, can promote and refine pearlite, has compact structure, eliminates ferrite, reduces the number of corrosion primary batteries consisting of ferrite and graphite, improves the electrode potential of a matrix, reduces the electrochemical corrosion driving force of cast iron and reduces the corrosion rate by dissolving Sn in the matrix.
In the present invention, the Sn content is preferably 0.15 to 0.3% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 0.3% by mass, and most preferably 0.25% by mass.
In the invention, cu can refine graphite, improve the distribution form of the graphite, refine pearlite and improve the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the machinability; as the copper content in the gray cast iron increases, the tensile strength and hardness of the material increases.
In the present invention, the Cu content is preferably 0.85 to 1.1% by mass, more preferably 0.9 to 1.0% by mass, and most preferably 0.95% by mass.
In the present invention, nb neither promotes graphitization nor hinders graphitization, and solidifies in molten iron to form NbC, nbN, and Nb (C, N), thereby improving the abrasion resistance of the matrix.
In the present invention, the mass content of Nb is preferably 0.08 to 0.15%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.15%, and most preferably 0.12 to 0.13%.
In the present invention, the balance preferably further includes unavoidable impurities.
The invention provides a preparation method of high-tin alloy cast iron, which comprises the following steps:
smelting the raw materials to obtain an alloy liquid;
casting the alloy liquid to obtain a blank;
and cooling the blank and then carrying out heat treatment to obtain the high-tin alloy cast iron.
In the present invention, the components of the raw material are preferably the same as those of the high tin alloy cast iron described in the above-mentioned technical means, and more preferably:
C：2.5～3.4wt％，
S：≤0.12wt％，
Si：1.4～1.8wt％，
P：0.1～0.4wt％，
Mn：0.9～1.4wt％，
Cr：0.2～0.5wt％，
Sn：0.1～0.35wt％，
Cu：0.7～1.2wt％，
Nb：0.05～0.20wt％，
the balance of Fe and inevitable trace impurities.
In the present invention, the mass content of C is preferably 2.6 to 3.0%, more preferably 2.7 to 2.9%; the mass content of S is preferably less than or equal to 0.08 percent, and more preferably less than or equal to 0.06 percent; the mass content of Si is preferably 1.5 to 1.8%, more preferably 1.6 to 1.75%; the mass content of P is preferably 0.1 to 0.3%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.2%; the mass content of Mn is preferably 1.0 to 1.2%, more preferably 1.05 to 1.15%; the mass content of Cr is preferably 0.25 to 0.4%, more preferably 0.28 to 0.35%; the mass content of Sn is preferably 0.15 to 0.3%, more preferably 0.2 to 0.3%; the mass content of Cu is preferably 0.85 to 1.1%, more preferably 0.9 to 1.0%; the mass content of Nb is preferably 0.08 to 0.15%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.15%.
In the present invention, the temperature of the melting is preferably 1480 to 1550 ℃, more preferably 1500 to 1530 ℃, and most preferably 1510 to 1520 ℃.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the method further comprises, after the melting:
keeping the temperature of the smelted alloy liquid and standing for a period of time, and discharging the alloy liquid out of the furnace.
In the present invention, the temperature of the heat-retaining standing is preferably 1490 to 1520 ℃, more preferably 1500 to 1510 ℃.
In the invention, the casting method is preferably centrifugal casting, and preferably adopts a centrifugal casting mode to inoculate and pour molten iron, and the molten iron is solidified and formed and then is demoulded to obtain a blank.
In the present invention, the temperature of the mold release is preferably 700 to 850 ℃, more preferably 750 to 800 ℃, and most preferably 760 to 780 ℃.
In the present invention, the method of cooling preferably comprises:
air cooling is carried out after air cooling.
In the present invention, the air is preferably cooled to 550 to 650 ℃, more preferably 580 to 620 ℃, and most preferably 600 ℃.
In the present invention, the method of the heat treatment is preferably stress relief annealing; the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 540-560 ℃, more preferably 545-555 ℃, and most preferably 550 ℃; the time for the heat treatment is preferably 2.5 to 3.5 hours, more preferably 2.8 to 3.2 hours, and most preferably 3 hours.
The present invention provides a cylinder liner, including: the high-tin alloy cast iron in the technical scheme.
The invention provides alloy cast iron, which is characterized in that in gray cast iron with high Sn content, elements of Mn and Cr are added to improve the matrix strength, proper Cu is added to promote pearlite transformation, a small amount of Nb is added to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy cast iron, and finally the alloy cast iron is subjected to stress relief annealing treatment to ensure that the structure of the alloy cast iron is uniform. The cylinder sleeve prepared from the high-tin alloy cast iron provided by the invention has higher strength and elastic modulus, the corrosion resistance reaches the level of corrosion-resistant cast iron, and the thermal expansion coefficient and the heat conduction performance can also meet the working condition requirements of the cylinder sleeve. The hardness of the high-tin alloy cast iron provided by the invention is 270-350 HBW; the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa; the elastic modulus is more than 140GPa.
Example 1
Smelting the raw materials according to the proportion, keeping the smelting temperature at 1534 ℃, keeping the temperature at 1510 ℃ and standing for a period of time, discharging, inoculating the cast molten iron in a centrifugal casting mode, solidifying and molding, demoulding, cooling the obtained blank to 610 ℃ by air, cooling by air, then performing stress relief annealing, annealing at 545 ℃ for 3 hours, and obtaining the high-tin alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve.
GB/T24234 method for measuring the content of multiple elements in cast iron by spark discharge atomic emission spectrometry (conventional method) is adopted to detect that the components of the product prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention are as follows: c:2.78wt%, S:0.046wt%, si:2.2wt%, P:0.15wt%, mn:1.09wt%, cr:0.33wt%, sn:0.266wt%, cu:1.052wt%, nb:0.147wt%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable trace impurities.
The metallographic structure of the product prepared in the example 1 of the present invention was examined, and the examination results are shown in fig. 1 and 2, and it can be seen from the metallographic structure observation that the metallographic structure of the product prepared in the example 1 of the present invention was flake graphite and fine flake pearlite, and niobium-containing carbide was distributed in the matrix.
The cylinder liner material prepared in the example 1 of the invention is subjected to hardness, tensile strength and elastic modulus detection, and the detection methods are GB/T231.1 part 1 of Brinell hardness test of metal materials: test method, GB/T228 Metal Material Room temperature tensile test method, ASTME 1876-2015 Standard test method for dynamic Young's modulus shear modulus and Poisson's ratio of pulse-excited vibration; the test result showed 321HBW of hardness, 426MPa of tensile strength and 142GPa of elastic modulus.
According to the JB/T7901 method of the Metal laboratory Uniform Corrosion full immersion test, the corrosion resistance of the product prepared in the example 1 of the invention is tested, and the test result shows that the weight loss due to corrosion is 42.7mg, and the average corrosion depth is 4.7 μm; reaching the level of corrosion resistant cast iron.
According to a GB/T22588 method for measuring thermal diffusion coefficient or thermal conductivity by using a flash method, the thermal conductivity of the product prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention at 350 ℃ (working temperature) is measured, and according to a GB/T4339 method for measuring characteristic parameters of thermal expansion of metal materials, the thermal expansion coefficient of the product prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention at 350 ℃ (working temperature) is measured, and detection results show that the average thermal conductivity is 33.73 w/(m.K), the average thermal expansion coefficient is 13.06 mu m/(m.DEG C), and the requirements of cylinder liner working conditions are met.
Example 2
Smelting raw materials according to a ratio, keeping the smelting temperature at 1534 ℃, keeping the temperature at 1505 ℃, standing for a period of time, discharging, inoculating and pouring molten iron in a centrifugal casting mode, solidifying and molding, demoulding, cooling the obtained blank to 590 ℃, air cooling, performing stress relief annealing, annealing at 555 ℃, and annealing for 3 hours to obtain the high-tin alloy cast iron cylinder sleeve.
The product prepared in example 2 of the present invention was subjected to component detection according to the method of example 1, and the detection result was: c:2.86wt%, S:0.053wt%, si:2.08wt%, P:0.12wt%, mn:1.13wt%, cr:0.30wt%, sn:0.281wt%, cu:0.983wt%, nb:0.133wt%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable trace impurities.
Metallographic structure detection was performed on the product prepared in example 2 of the present invention, and the detection results are shown in fig. 3 and 4, and it can be seen from metallographic structure observation that the metallographic structure of the product prepared in example 2 of the present invention is flake graphite and fine flake pearlite, and niobium-containing carbide is distributed in the matrix.
According to the method of the embodiment 1, the product prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is subjected to performance detection, and the detection result is that the hardness is 310HBW, the tensile strength is 415MPa, and the elastic modulus is 145Gpa; the corrosion weight loss is 53.8mg, the average corrosion depth is 5.9 mu m, and the level of the corrosion-resistant cast iron is achieved; at 350 ℃ (working temperature), the heat conductivity coefficient is 34.85 w/(m.K) on average, the thermal expansion coefficient is 12.86 μm/(m.DEG C) on average, and the requirements of the working condition of the cylinder sleeve are met.
The invention provides alloy cast iron, which is characterized in that in gray cast iron with high Sn content, elements of Mn and Cr are added to improve the matrix strength, proper Cu is added to promote pearlite transformation, a small amount of Nb is added to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy cast iron, and finally the alloy cast iron is subjected to stress relief annealing treatment to ensure that the structure of the alloy cast iron is uniform. The cylinder sleeve prepared from the high-tin alloy cast iron provided by the invention has higher strength and elastic modulus, the corrosion resistance reaches the corrosion-resistant cast iron level, and the thermal expansion coefficient and the heat conductivity can also meet the working condition requirements of the cylinder sleeve. The hardness of the high-tin alloy cast iron provided by the invention is 270-350 HBW; the tensile strength is more than or equal to 380MPa; the elastic modulus is more than 140GPa.
While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments thereof, such description and illustration are not intended to limit the invention. It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, to adapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, substance, method or process to the objective, spirit and scope of this application. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto. Although the methods disclosed herein have been described with reference to particular operations being performed in a particular order, it should be understood that these operations may be combined, sub-divided, or reordered to form equivalent methods without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Accordingly, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of the operations is not a limitation of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A high-tin alloy cast iron comprises the following components:
C：2.6～3.0wt％，
S：≤0.12wt％，
Si：1.4～2.4wt％，
P：0.1～0.4wt％，
Mn：1.0～1.2wt％，
Cr：0.25～0.4wt％，
Sn：0.15～0.30wt％，
Cu：0.85～1.1wt％，
Nb：0.08～0.15wt％，
the balance being Fe.
2. The high tin alloy cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the metallographic structure of the high tin alloy cast iron is lamellar graphite and fine lamellar pearlite, and niobium-containing carbide is distributed in a matrix.
3. A method of making the high tin alloy cast iron of claim 1, comprising:
smelting the raw materials to obtain an alloy liquid;
casting the alloy liquid to obtain a blank;
and cooling the blank and then carrying out heat treatment to obtain the high-tin alloy cast iron.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the temperature of the smelting is 1480-1550 ℃.
5. A cylinder liner, comprising: the high tin alloy cast iron of claim 1.
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