CN110791322A - Biomass comprehensive utilization system and method - Google Patents
Biomass comprehensive utilization system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110791322A CN110791322A CN201810879196.4A CN201810879196A CN110791322A CN 110791322 A CN110791322 A CN 110791322A CN 201810879196 A CN201810879196 A CN 201810879196A CN 110791322 A CN110791322 A CN 110791322A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C5/00—Production of pyroligneous acid distillation of wood, dry distillation of organic waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a biomass comprehensive utilization system and a method, wherein the system comprises a forming device, a conveying system, a biomass boiler, a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace, an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device, a bag-type dust removal device, a desulfurization device and a wet electric dust removal device, wherein the forming device is used for compression forming of biomass raw materials; the conveying system is used for conveying the compressed and molded biomass to a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace; the biomass boiler is provided with a biomass inlet, a fuel gas inlet, a burner and a flue, wherein the flue is divided into a first flue section and a second flue section by a partition plate, the side wall of the tail part of the first flue section is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas inlet arranged on the side wall of the top part of the second flue section through a high-temperature cyclone separator and an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device in sequence by pipelines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive biomass utilization system and method, and belongs to the technical field of biomass utilization.
Background
Exhaustion of fossil fuels, carbon dioxide emissions that may cause global warming, and air pollutants such as NOXAnd SOXIs a number of environmental challenges that are urgently sought to be solved.
Biomass, including vegetation, human and animal waste, and the like, is a renewable and sustainable energy source, and its rational utilization can effectively alleviate the environmental challenges described above. Compared to fossil fuels, biomass can have significant environmental benefits, including CO2And small net emissions of other air pollutants. One promising application of biomass is the production of syngas by a gasification process. Syngas may be used as a fuel and feedstock chemical for combustion processes. However, the low energy density, seasonal nature, difficulty in collecting, transporting and maintaining supply characteristics limit biomass utilization on an industrial scale.
Therefore, providing a biomass comprehensive utilization system and method has become a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the disadvantages and shortcomings, the invention aims to provide a biomass comprehensive utilization system.
The invention also aims to provide a comprehensive utilization method of biomass.
In order to achieve the above objects, in one aspect, the present invention provides a biomass comprehensive utilization system, wherein the system comprises a forming device, a conveying system, a biomass boiler, a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace, an SCR denitration device, a bag type dust removal device, a desulfurization device, and a wet electric dust removal device,
the molding equipment is used for compression molding of biomass raw materials;
the conveying system is used for conveying the compressed and molded biomass to a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace;
the biomass boiler is provided with a biomass inlet, a fuel gas inlet, a burner and a flue, wherein the flue is divided into a first flue section and a second flue section by a partition plate, the side wall of the tail part of the first flue section is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas inlet arranged on the side wall of the top part of the second flue section through a high-temperature cyclone separator and an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device in sequence by pipelines;
a first economizer, a second economizer and a third economizer are sequentially arranged in the first flue section, a first high-temperature flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the first flue section between the first economizer and the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler, and a second high-temperature flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the first flue section between the second economizer and the third economizer;
the first air preheater and the second air preheater are sequentially arranged in the second flue section, a flue gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the second flue section, and the flue gas outlet is sequentially connected with an inlet of the wet electric dust removal device through a bag type dust removal device, a first induced draft fan and a desulfurization device through pipelines;
the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is provided with a biomass raw material inlet, a fuel gas outlet, a residue outlet and a gasification agent inlet, an inert hot gas distribution system (a gas distribution device) and a plurality of buffer baffle plates are arranged in the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace, and the buffer baffle plates are arranged in the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace body in a staggered manner;
the first high-temperature flue gas outlet, the second high-temperature flue gas outlet, the gas outlet of the SCR denitration device and the gas outlet of the bag-type dust removal device are respectively connected with a gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace through pipelines and a first air duct valve, a second air duct valve, a third air duct valve and a fourth air duct valve; a first temperature detection device is also arranged on a pipeline between a gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace and an air channel valve;
the fuel gas outlet is connected with the fuel gas inlet of the biomass boiler through a pipeline and a dehydration device.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the bottom coil pipe distributor of the inert hot gas distribution system is horizontally arranged, and the open holes are uniformly distributed; the vertical bayonet tube distributor is longitudinally distributed, and the lower part of the hole opening ratio is larger than the upper part of the hole opening ratio.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the first temperature detection device, the first air duct valve, the second air duct valve, the third air duct valve, the fourth air duct valve and a PLC control system (conventional system in the field) are electrically/signal-connected, so that the opening degree of each valve can be controlled and automatically adjusted by judging the temperature.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the biomass boiler used in the system may be a differential fluidized bed boiler, which is a conventional apparatus in the art, and the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace used is a vertical furnace;
the differential fluidized bed boiler is high-temperature and high-pressure, a single boiler barrel is transversely arranged, natural circulation is achieved, a full-suspension structure is achieved, and a full steel frame is arranged in a pi shape. The operation layer of the boiler is opened above and closed below, and a concrete platform and an operation layer are arranged at the 8-meter elevation of the operation layer. The hearth adopts a membrane water-cooled wall, a high-temperature and screen type two-stage superheater is arranged at the upper part of the hearth, a group of low-temperature superheaters is arranged in the horizontal flue, and three groups of coal economizers, a group of heaters and an air preheater are sequentially arranged in the tail vertical shaft flue.
The boiler adopts a low-rate circulating fluidized bed combustion technology with a differential bed, and is a new-generation product developed by the experience of the applicant for producing the circulating fluidized bed boiler and the introduction of foreign advanced technologies for many years. The bottom of a boiler hearth is provided with a main bed and two auxiliary beds, a feeding machine sends combustion materials into a blanking hopper to enter the main bed, air required by boiler combustion is respectively provided by a primary air fan and a secondary air fan, air sent out by the primary air fan is preheated by an air preheater and then is introduced into a main bed air chamber through a left air duct, and enters a combustion chamber through an air cap on an air distribution plate; after being preheated by the air preheater, part of air sent by the secondary fan enters the front and rear auxiliary bed air chambers and is sent into the combustion chamber through the auxiliary bed water-cooling air cap, and the other part of air is sprayed into the hearth as secondary air through nozzles distributed on two side walls of the hearth to supplement air and strengthen disturbance and mixing. After the fuel is fluidized and combusted in the main bed, a part of the fuel enters the hearth, and most of the fuel flows to the front and rear auxiliary beds, flows back to the main bed after being fluidized by the auxiliary beds and absorbed by the buried pipes, is mixed with newly-entered fuel, and repeats the cyclic combustion in the material bed. The fine particles flying out of the hearth along with the flue gas pass through two groups of high-temperature superheaters which are arranged sparsely, then the particles are separated through inertia and return to the hearth from the material returning valve to realize the circular combustion again. And the separated and relatively clean flue gas passes through the economizer and the air preheater and then is discharged from the tail flue.
Because of adopting the circulating fluidized bed combustion mode, sulfur dioxide emission in the flue gas can be obviously reduced by adding limestone into the furnace, and the generation of NOx can be obviously inhibited by adopting the combustion technology of low temperature and air graded air supply. The burned ash has good activity and higher comprehensive utilization value, so the method can be more suitable for increasingly strict national environmental protection requirements.
The water and steam flow of the boiler is as follows:
the feed water is heated by three groups of coal economizers which are horizontally arranged and then enters the boiler barrel, the boiler water in the boiler barrel enters the lower collecting box of the water cooling wall through the centralized downcomer and the distribution pipe, passes through the water cooling wall and the upper collecting box and then enters the boiler barrel from the riser. A steam-water separation device is arranged in the boiler barrel, saturated steam is led to the low-temperature-level superheater from a steam connecting pipe at the top of the boiler barrel, and finally the qualified superheated steam is led to the steam turbine through the primary water spray desuperheater, the high-temperature superheater, the secondary water spray desuperheater and the screen superheater.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the high-temperature cyclone separator (used for separating ash in gas at high temperature), the SCR denitration device, the bag-type dust removal device, the desulfurization device and the wet electric dust removal device are environment-friendly facility units which enable the environment-friendly requirement of the system to reach ultra-low emission, and the environment-friendly measure units arranged in the system can reach ultra-clean emission which is higher than the current requirement of ultra-low emission.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the burner is positioned at 1/4-1/5 of the height of the hearth of the biomass boiler.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the residue outlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is also provided with a variable-frequency spiral valve. Wherein, this frequency conversion spiral valve is furnished with frequency modulation motor, the rotational speed of adjustable this spiral valve.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the gas distribution device and the plurality of buffer baffle plates are arranged in the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace, so that the uniform distribution of the gasification agent gas and the good contact of the biomass can be ensured, and the variable-frequency spiral valve is designed at the lower part and can rotate to control the gasification time, so that the automatic feeding and discharging are realized.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the system further comprises a chimney which is connected with the air outlet of the wet electric dust removal device through a pipeline.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the fuel gas outlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is connected with the fuel gas pipe network through a dehydration device and a tar removal device by pipelines.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the fuel gas outlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is connected with the hydrogen separation device through a pipeline by the dehydration device.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the system further comprises a screening device for screening the residue discharged from the residue outlet.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the system further comprises a nitrogen generator, and the nitrogen generator is connected with a pipeline between a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace and the first temperature detection device through a fifth air duct valve by a pipeline.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, the system further comprises an oxygen content online analysis device which is connected to a pipeline between a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace and the nitrogen making machine, and the oxygen content online analysis device is electrically connected with the fifth air duct valve.
The oxygen content online analysis device is conventional equipment in the field, has a display function, and can regulate and control (regulate and control the opening degree of a fifth air duct valve) the adding amount of nitrogen according to oxygen content online analysis data to ensure that the oxygen content in the mixed inert gas does not exceed the standard.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization system, a sixth air duct valve and a second induced draft fan are sequentially arranged on a pipeline between the oxygen content online analysis device and a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a comprehensive biomass utilization method which is realized by adopting the comprehensive biomass utilization system, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) compressing and molding the biomass into biomass fuel blocks with target shapes according to operation requirements;
(2) burning a part of biomass fuel blocks in a biomass boiler to obtain boiler water and flue gas; the flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere after being sequentially subjected to waste heat recovery treatment, SCR denitration treatment, air preheating treatment, bag-type dust removal treatment, desulfurization treatment and wet electric dust removal treatment;
(3) gasifying or carbonizing the other part of the biomass fuel blocks in a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace to obtain fuel gas and carbon fuel or carbon-based compound fertilizer raw materials;
the method also comprises the operation of adopting the inert high-temperature flue gas with different temperatures obtained in the step (2) as a gasifying agent required by the biomass gasification in the step (3) and utilizing the inert high-temperature flue gas to adjust the gasification or carbonization temperature.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the method for comprehensive utilization of biomass, the inert high-temperature flue gas with different temperatures comprises flue gas before and after waste heat recovery treatment, flue gas after SCR denitration treatment and flue gas after bag-type dust removal treatment.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the method for comprehensive utilization of biomass, the temperature of the flue gas before the waste heat recovery treatment is 710-.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization method, the temperature of the flue gas before the waste heat recovery treatment is 715-725 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas after the waste heat recovery treatment is 448-458 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas after the SCR denitration treatment is 379-389 ℃ and the temperature of the flue gas after the bag-type dust removal treatment is 145-155 ℃.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the method for the comprehensive utilization of biomass, the temperature of the flue gas before the waste heat recovery treatment is 720 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas after the waste heat recovery treatment is 453 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas after the SCR denitration treatment is 384 ℃ and the temperature of the flue gas after the bag-type dust removal treatment is 150 ℃.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization method, the boiler water obtained in the step (2) is preheated by the flue gas and then heated by the hearth to generate steam for power generation.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization method, the oxygen volume content of the inert high-temperature flue gas with different temperatures is not higher than 5%, and is preferably 1-3%.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization method, the method also comprises the operation of controlling the gasification reaction time by regulating and controlling the variable-frequency spiral valve.
The control of the variable-frequency spiral valve to control the gasification reaction time comprises controlling the rotating speed of a frequency-adjusting motor matched with the variable-frequency spiral valve to control the opening degree of the variable-frequency spiral valve, and the control of the opening degree of the valve can realize the regulation of the material inlet and outlet quantity and further realize the control of the gasification reaction time.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for comprehensive utilization of biomass, the biomass includes, but is not limited to, corncobs, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, branches, trunks, sawdust, peanut shells, and lignin residues.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the comprehensive utilization method of the biomass, the water content of the lignin residues is 10-20% based on 100% of the total weight of the lignin residues.
Wherein the lignin slag can be derived from the conventional cellulose project in the field, and the lignin slag can be subjected to primary drying by using flue gas of a biomass power plant so as to control the moisture of the lignin slag to be 10-20%.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the biomass recycling method, the target shape includes a rod type, a pellet type, or a hollow rod type.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the method for the comprehensive utilization of biomass, the biomass is further subjected to impurity removal, rough crushing, and the like before compression molding, and then compression molding is performed on the biomass by selecting different molding machines according to a desired target shape of the compressed and molded biomass to obtain biomass fuel briquettes such as rod-shaped, pellet-shaped, or hollow rod-shaped biomass fuel briquettes, and the biomass fuel briquettes after compression molding can flow downward in a free-falling manner in a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization method, the fuel gas obtained in the step (3) is dehydrated and then returned to the step (2) to be used as the fuel gas of the biomass boiler.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the biomass comprehensive utilization method, the compression molding is the operation which is necessary for the method, and the purpose is to ensure that the materials in the furnace have certain porosity, hot air can circulate, and if the resistance of a random system is large, the hot air is difficult to pass.
Firstly, the biomass comprehensive utilization system and the biomass comprehensive utilization method provided by the invention combine the biomass boiler with the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace, and after the oxygen contents of inert high-temperature flue gas at different temperatures of the biomass boiler are adjusted, the biomass can be carbonized/gasified by using the system, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved; the gasification gas produced by carbonization/gasification of biomass can be used for different purposes by different measures, such as: can directly enter a biomass boiler for combustion, can be used by residents after being separated from tar and pyroligneous liquor, and can also generate H through a separating device2。
Secondly, the invention can adjust the gasification temperature by adopting different types and different shapes of biomasses and utilizing the inert high-temperature flue gas with different temperatures, thereby generating carbon fuels and carbon-based fertilizers with different purposes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass comprehensive utilization system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The main reference numbers illustrate:
1. a biomass boiler;
2. a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace;
3. an SCR denitration device;
4. a bag type dust removal device;
5. a desulfurization unit;
6. a wet electric dust removal device;
7. a molding device;
8. a delivery system;
9. a crushing device;
10. a burner;
11. a first flue section;
12. a second flue section;
13. a partition plate;
14. a high-temperature cyclone separator;
15. a first economizer;
16. a second economizer;
17. a third coal economizer;
18. a first air preheater;
19. a second air preheater;
20. a first induced draft fan;
21. inert hot gas distribution systems (gas distribution devices);
22. buffering the baffle plate;
23. a variable frequency screw valve;
24. a first air duct valve;
25. a second air duct valve;
26. a third air duct valve;
27. a fourth air duct valve;
28. a first temperature detection device;
29. a dewatering device;
30. a tar removal device;
31. a gas pipe network;
32. a hydrogen separation device;
33. a screening device;
34. a nitrogen making machine;
35. a fifth air duct valve;
36. an oxygen content on-line analysis device;
37. a sixth air duct valve;
38. a second induced draft fan;
39. a chimney;
40. and (5) drying equipment.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a biomass comprehensive utilization system, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the system is shown in fig. 1, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the system comprises a crushing device 9, a drying device 40, a forming device 7, a conveying system 8, a biomass boiler 1, a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace 2, an SCR denitration device 3, a bag-type dust removal device 4, a desulfurization device 5 and a wet electric dust removal device 6, wherein,
the crushing device 9 is used for crushing biomass raw materials;
the molding equipment 7 is used for compression molding of the crushed biomass raw material;
when the biomass raw material is lignin residue, the drying device 40 is a drying device for drying the lignin residue;
the conveying system 8 is used for conveying the compressed and molded biomass to the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace 2;
the biomass boiler 1 is a differential fluidized bed boiler and is provided with a biomass inlet, a fuel gas inlet, a combustor 10 and a flue, wherein the flue is divided into a first flue section 11 and a second flue section 12 by a partition plate 13, the side wall of the tail part of the first flue section 11 is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas inlet arranged on the side wall of the top part of the second flue section 12 through a high-temperature cyclone separator 14 and an SCR denitration device 3 in sequence by pipelines;
the burner 10 is positioned 1/4-1/5 of the furnace chamber height (from the bottom of the biomass boiler) of the biomass boiler 1;
a first economizer 15, a second economizer 16 and a third economizer 17 are sequentially arranged in the first flue section 11, a first high-temperature flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the first flue section 11 between the first economizer 15 and the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler 1, and a second high-temperature flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the first flue section 11 between the second economizer 16 and the third economizer 17;
a first air preheater 18 and a second air preheater 19 are sequentially arranged in the second flue section 12, a flue gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the second flue section, and the flue gas outlet is connected with an inlet of the wet electric dust removal device 6 through a bag type dust removal device 4, a first induced draft fan 20 and a desulfurization device 5 in sequence by pipelines;
the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace 2 is a vertical furnace which is provided with a biomass raw material inlet, a fuel gas outlet, a residue outlet and a gasifying agent inlet, an inert hot gas distribution system (gas distribution device) 21 and a plurality of buffer baffle plates 22 are arranged in the vertical furnace, and the buffer baffle plates 22 are arranged in the furnace body of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace 2 in a staggered manner;
a residue outlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is also provided with a variable frequency spiral valve 23;
the first high-temperature flue gas outlet, the second high-temperature flue gas outlet, the gas outlet of the SCR denitration device and the gas outlet of the bag-type dust removal device are respectively connected with the gasifying agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace 2 through pipelines and a first air duct valve 24, a second air duct valve 25, a third air duct valve 26 and a fourth air duct valve 27; a first temperature detection device 28 is also arranged on a pipeline between a gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace 2 and an air channel valve;
the fuel gas outlet is connected with the fuel gas inlet of the biomass boiler through a pipeline by a dewatering device 29; a fuel gas outlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is connected with a gas pipe network 31 through a dehydration device 29 and a tar removal device 30 by pipelines; the fuel gas outlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is connected with a hydrogen separation device 32 through a pipeline by a dehydration device 29;
in the system provided by the embodiment, the furnace body of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is provided with three layers of temperature measuring points, and each layer is uniformly provided with 3 temperature measuring points (9 temperature thermocouples in total) along the plane of the furnace; the three layers of temperature measuring points are respectively positioned at the bottom, the middle part and the top of the furnace body, wherein a temperature measuring point is arranged on a top fuel gas outlet pipeline, and the difference of the temperature changes of the top layer, the bottom layer and the bed layer on the same horizontal plane in the gasification furnace can be conveniently monitored by the arrangement; none of these temperature measurements are shown in fig. 1.
The system provided by the embodiment also comprises a screening device 33, wherein the screening device 33 is used for screening the residue discharged from the residue outlet;
the system provided by the embodiment further comprises a nitrogen generator 34, wherein the nitrogen generator 34 is connected with a pipeline between a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace and the first temperature detection device through a fifth air duct valve 35 by a pipeline;
the system provided by the embodiment further comprises an oxygen content online analysis device 36, which is connected to a pipeline between a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace and the nitrogen generator 34, and the oxygen content online analysis device 36 is electrically connected with the fifth air duct valve 35;
a sixth air duct valve 37 and a second induced draft fan 38 are further sequentially arranged on a pipeline between the oxygen content online analysis device 36 and a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace;
the system provided by the embodiment further comprises a chimney 39 which is connected with the air outlet of the wet electric dust removal device 6 through a pipeline.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a biomass comprehensive utilization method, which is realized by adopting the biomass comprehensive utilization system provided in embodiment 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) sequentially removing impurities, roughly crushing, crushing and the like on the biomass, and then selecting different forming machines to perform compression forming on the biomass according to the target shape of the compressed and formed biomass to obtain biomass fuel blocks such as rod-shaped, particle-shaped or hollow rod-shaped biomass fuel blocks;
wherein the biomass includes, but is not limited to, corncobs, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, branches, trunks, sawdust, peanut shells, and lignin residues; if the lignin slag is selected, the lignin slag is required to be primarily dried before compression (the biomass power plant flue gas can be utilized for primary drying) so as to control the water content to be 10-20%;
(2) burning a part of biomass fuel blocks in a biomass boiler to obtain boiler water and flue gas; preheating the obtained boiler water by using flue gas, and heating the boiler water by using a hearth to generate steam for power generation; the obtained flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere after being sequentially subjected to waste heat recovery treatment, SCR denitration treatment, air preheating treatment, bag-type dust removal treatment, desulfurization treatment and wet electric dust removal treatment;
(3) the other part of the biomass fuel blocks enter the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace through the conveying system, descend through the buffer baffle plate and fill the inner space of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace, and are gasified or carbonized in the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace to obtain fuel gas and carbon fuel or carbon-based compound fertilizer raw materials;
the method also comprises the operation of adopting the inert high-temperature flue gas with different temperatures obtained in the step (2) as a gasifying agent required by the biomass gasification in the step (3) and utilizing the inert high-temperature flue gas to adjust the gasification or carbonization temperature;
the fuel gas obtained in the step (3) mainly contains H2O、CH4、CO、H2And tar, etc., which can be returned to step (2) for use as a fuel gas for the biomass boiler after dehydration treatment (where it may no longer be necessary to separate tar and pyroligneous liquor); the fuel gas can be sent into a pipeline gas pipe network after dehydration treatment, tar adsorption and removal treatment, odorization and the like, and can be used as a clean fuel for domestic fuel gas; the fuel gas can be used for H after being treated by a hydrogen separation device2Preparing;
and (3) the solid product of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace mainly comprises carbon fuel and carbon-based compound fertilizer raw materials. Specifically, the granular or rod-shaped biomass fuel block can be gasified at low temperature to produce carbon fuel; the hollow fuel blocks formed by wood and the like can be gasified at low temperature to produce high-calorific-value carbon fuel; c-rich ash generated by high-temperature gasification, fine materials obtained by screening carbon fuel and plant ash generated by a biomass power plant can be used for producing special soil conditioning fertilizers such as carbon-based compound fertilizers, magnesium fertilizers and the like;
during high-temperature gasification, biomass residues containing a small amount of carbon are discharged from the bottom of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace and can be used as plant ash or used for producing carbon-based compound fertilizers; when the biomass is carbonized at low temperature, the main product at the bottom of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is carbon fuel.
In this embodiment, the inert high-temperature flue gas with different temperatures includes flue gas before and after waste heat recovery processing, flue gas after SCR denitration processing, and flue gas after bag house dust removal processing, and the temperatures of the flue gases are 720 ℃, 453 ℃, 384 ℃, and 150 ℃.
When the carbonization/gasification of the biomass in the step (3) is mainly aimed at generating combustible gas (fuel gas), high-temperature gasification is adopted, and the bottom temperature of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace (the bottom temperature of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is obtained by averaging two temperatures selected from three temperatures measured by three temperature thermocouples at the bottom of the furnace) is controlled at 600-; in this embodiment, when the temperature of the bottom of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is controlled to be 600-;
when the biomass is carbonized/gasified to generate carbon fuel as a main product, low-temperature carbonization is needed, and the bottom temperature of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace needs to be controlled at 180-250 ℃; in this embodiment, when the inert high temperature flue gas with different temperatures is used to control the bottom temperature of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace to 180-.
In this embodiment, the bottom temperature control of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace may be performed according to the following specific steps:
the flow rate of each stream of the mixed hot air is subjected to PLC program allocation control according to the measured value of a temperature measuring point (a first temperature detecting device) on the hot air pipeline.
When the temperature is increased (decreased), on the premise that the previous-stage high-temperature air keeps each 10% of circulation (10% of the circulation of the corresponding pipeline), the adding amount of the next-stage low-temperature air is adjusted according to the temperature change rate, and if the low-temperature air reaches 0 (or 100%) of circulation, the next circulation of the previous-stage hot air is operated to be 10%; the maximum adjustment of temperature reduction (increase) is that all stream hot air is turned on (off).
For example: in the embodiment, the gasification temperature of a certain biomass needs to be controlled to be 620 ℃, and two stream flue gases with the required temperatures of 720 ℃ and 453 ℃ respectively enter a furnace according to a certain proportion; if the temperature rises, closing the high-temperature stream flow by 10 percent, and finely adjusting by increasing the low-temperature stream flow until the measured temperature value is equal to the set temperature value; if the temperature rise in the moment of the measured temperature value is faster, the high-temperature stream is directly closed, and the furnace smoldering is prevented. When the temperature is reduced, closing the low-temperature stream for 10 percent of flow, and increasing the high-temperature stream for regulating the temperature.
In the biomass comprehensive utilization method provided by the embodiment, the operation of controlling the gasification reaction time by regulating and controlling the variable-frequency spiral valve is further included;
the control of the variable-frequency spiral valve to control the gasification reaction time comprises controlling the rotating speed of a frequency-adjusting motor matched with the variable-frequency spiral valve to control the opening degree of the variable-frequency spiral valve, and the control of the opening degree of the valve can realize the regulation of the material inlet and outlet quantity and further realize the control of the gasification reaction time.
In this embodiment, the oxygen content of the inert high-temperature flue gas at different temperatures may be automatically adjusted by using the first temperature detection device and the air duct valve of the biomass comprehensive utilization system, so as to initially adjust the oxygen content to be not higher than 5%; further, in order to avoid the combustion defect caused by the fact that the biomass is directly heated and gasified due to the fact that the oxygen content of the inert high-temperature flue gas at different temperatures is too high, the oxygen content of the gasifying agent can be adjusted to be 1-3% by adopting nitrogen generated by a nitrogen making machine in the embodiment;
in this embodiment, when the biomass blocks are corn stalks, wheat stalks, corn cobs, peanut shells, sawdust and wood chips, the residence time of the materials in the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is respectively shown in table 1 below according to the control of the continuous material feeding and discharging conversion.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the time required for gasification/carbonization varies from biomass cake to biomass cake.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, so that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents of the embodiments described herein. In addition, the technical features and the technical inventions of the present invention, the technical features and the technical inventions, and the technical inventions can be freely combined and used.
Claims (10)
1. A biomass comprehensive utilization system is characterized by comprising a forming device, a conveying system, a biomass boiler, a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace, an SCR denitration device, a bag type dust removal device, a desulfurization device and a wet electric dust removal device, wherein,
the molding equipment is used for compression molding of biomass raw materials;
the conveying system is used for conveying the compressed and molded biomass to a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace;
the biomass boiler is provided with a biomass inlet, a fuel gas inlet, a burner and a flue, wherein the flue is divided into a first flue section and a second flue section by a partition plate, the side wall of the tail part of the first flue section is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas inlet arranged on the side wall of the top part of the second flue section through a high-temperature cyclone separator and an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration device in sequence by pipelines;
preferably, the burner is positioned at 1/4-1/5 of the furnace height of the biomass boiler;
a first economizer, a second economizer and a third economizer are sequentially arranged in the first flue section, a first high-temperature flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the first flue section between the first economizer and the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler, and a second high-temperature flue gas outlet is formed in the side wall of the first flue section between the second economizer and the third economizer;
the first air preheater and the second air preheater are sequentially arranged in the second flue section, a flue gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the second flue section, and the flue gas outlet is sequentially connected with an inlet of the wet electric dust removal device through a bag type dust removal device, a first induced draft fan and a desulfurization device through pipelines;
the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is provided with a biomass raw material inlet, a fuel gas outlet, a residue outlet and a gasification agent inlet, an inert hot gas distribution system and a plurality of buffer baffle plates are arranged in the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace, and the buffer baffle plates are arranged in the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace body in a staggered manner;
the first high-temperature flue gas outlet, the second high-temperature flue gas outlet, the gas outlet of the SCR denitration device and the gas outlet of the bag-type dust removal device are respectively connected with a gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace through pipelines and a first air duct valve, a second air duct valve, a third air duct valve and a fourth air duct valve; a first temperature detection device is also arranged on a pipeline between a gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace and an air channel valve;
the fuel gas outlet is connected with the fuel gas inlet of the biomass boiler through a pipeline and a dehydration device;
still preferably, the residue outlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is further provided with a variable frequency screw valve.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a chimney connected to the air outlet of the wet electro-dusting device by a conduit.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the fuel gas outlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is connected with a fuel gas pipe network through a pipeline via a dehydration device and a tar removal device.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the fuel gas outlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace is connected to the hydrogen separation device through a pipeline via a dehydration device.
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a screening device for screening the residue discharged from the residue outlet.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a nitrogen generator connected to the pipeline between the gasifying agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace and the first temperature detection device via a fifth air duct valve;
preferably, the system also comprises an oxygen content online analysis device which is connected to a pipeline between a gasification agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace and the nitrogen making machine, and the oxygen content online analysis device is electrically connected with the fifth air duct valve;
preferably, a sixth air duct valve and a second induced draft fan are further sequentially arranged on a pipeline between the oxygen content online analysis device and a gasifying agent inlet of the biomass gasification/carbonization furnace.
7. A method for comprehensive utilization of biomass, which is implemented by using the system for comprehensive utilization of biomass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) compressing and molding the biomass into biomass fuel blocks with target shapes according to operation requirements;
(2) burning a part of biomass fuel blocks in a biomass boiler to obtain boiler water and flue gas; the flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere after being sequentially subjected to waste heat recovery treatment, SCR denitration treatment, air preheating treatment, bag-type dust removal treatment, desulfurization treatment and wet electric dust removal treatment;
(3) gasifying or carbonizing the other part of the biomass fuel blocks in a biomass gasification/carbonization furnace to obtain fuel gas and carbon fuel or carbon-based compound fertilizer raw materials;
the method also comprises the operation of adopting the inert high-temperature flue gas with different temperatures obtained in the step (2) as a gasifying agent required by the biomass gasification in the step (3) and utilizing the inert high-temperature flue gas to adjust the gasification or carbonization temperature;
preferably, the inert high-temperature flue gas with different temperatures comprises flue gas before and after waste heat recovery treatment, flue gas after SCR denitration treatment and flue gas after bag-type dust removal treatment;
more preferably, the temperature of the flue gas before the waste heat recovery treatment is 710-;
also preferably, the inert high temperature flue gas of different temperatures has an oxygen content of not higher than 5% by volume, more preferably 1-3%;
also preferably, the method further comprises controlling the operation of the gasification reaction time by regulating the variable frequency screw valve.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the biomass includes, but is not limited to, corncobs, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, branches, trunks, sawdust, peanut hulls, and lignin residues;
preferably, the water content of the lignin residue is 10-20% based on 100% of the total weight of the lignin residue.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the target shape comprises a rod shape, a pellet shape, or a hollow rod shape.
10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the fuel gas obtained in the step (3) is dehydrated and then returned to the step (2) to be used as the fuel gas of the biomass boiler.
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