CN110790165B - Safe hoisting operation method for drilling derrick - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a safe hoisting operation method of a drilling machine derrick, which sequentially comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of installing a wellhead base and a drilling platform, and installing a herringbone frame on the wellhead base; secondly, assembling a derrick main body, namely hinging the lower ends of derrick support legs on a wellhead base through a derrick large pin, and then completely assembling the derrick main body from bottom to top and keeping the derrick main body in a horizontal state; mounting a crown block and a racking platform, and placing a hook of the traveling block; a large rope between a crown block wheel group and a traveling block wheel group is well penetrated, a movable rope head of the large rope is drawn down from a crown block guide wheel, and is drawn onto a winch drum after bypassing a drilling platform guide wheel, and the other end of the large rope is fixed on a large rope fixer at the lower part of the front side of the derrick main body; the back rope is led out downwards from the traveling block hook, bypasses the derrick guide wheel and the herringbone frame pulley and is fixed on the back rope fixing lug; sixthly, starting a winch to roll a large rope, driving a traveling block hook to go upwards, pulling a back rope by the traveling block hook, and driving a derrick body to be vertical by the back rope. The method has high operation efficiency and good safety.

Description

Safe hoisting operation method for drilling derrick

Technical Field

The invention relates to auxiliary drilling equipment, in particular to a safe hoisting operation method for a derrick of a drilling machine, and belongs to the technical field of drilling equipment.

Background

The derrick of the drilling machine is composed of a winch, a derrick, a crown block, a traveling block, a hook, a steel wire rope and the like, and mainly comprises a derrick main body, a propeller strut, a crown block platform, a racking platform, a working ladder, a vertical pipe platform, a drilling platform, a wellhead base and other parts, and is mainly used for placing and hanging lifting equipment and tools such as the crown block, the traveling block, the hook, a hanging ring, a hydraulic-pneumatic tong, a hydraulic tightening device, a hanging clamp and the like. The derrick bears the load of the derrick itself, as well as the hook load and wind load of the pipe column of the drilling tool, and the vibration load generated when the drilling machine vibrates.

The whole derrick body is composed of three to five sections of welding structures, and the headframes of all the sections are positioned by taper pins and connected by bolts. The derrick is usually moved by horizontal dismounting, integral lifting and sectional transportation. The derrick is lifted and lowered by using the power of the drilling machine and through a winch, a traveling system, a balance pulley, a propeller strut, a back rope, a guide pulley at the lower part of the derrick and the like.

Before the derrick is lifted, a wellhead base and a propeller strut are installed in place, the lower ends of derrick supporting legs are hinged to the wellhead base through a derrick large pin, the hinged points are located on the front side of the bottom of the propeller strut front supporting leg, the derrick main body is gradually erected through a winch through a large rope and a back rope, and the derrick main body and the propeller strut are fixed to each other after the derrick is lifted in place.

Before and after the derrick is lifted to a preset position, an operator needs to carefully control the braking time of the winch, if the braking is too early, the derrick cannot reach the vertical position, and the winch needs to be restarted (or hung) to slowly lift the derrick to the vertical position. However, if the brake is too late, the derrick is easily deformed, the derrick is scrapped if the brake is too late, and casualties and the like are caused if the brake is too strong.

In order to prevent property loss of equipment and the like and labor accidents of workers caused by too late winch braking, a plurality of technical schemes are generated in the prior art, for example, the CN 103452485A discloses a derrick dumping prevention device. The CN 103452486A discloses a derrick supporting device, which is characterized in that supporting devices are additionally arranged on two sides of a derrick, so that the weight of the derrick is borne by a single drilling platform surface and is changed into a drilling platform surface, and a left supporting device and a right supporting device are borne together, and the stability of the derrick is improved. The CN 202181851U discloses a derrick lifting buffer device, which is characterized in that a buffer hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the direction that a left propeller strut and a right propeller strut are close to a derrick, the buffer cylinder is extended out in advance before the derrick is lifted to a preset position, and when the derrick is lifted to the preset position, the buffer cylinder is firstly contacted with the derrick, so that the impact on a herringbone frame after the derrick is lifted in place is reduced. CN 205477392U discloses "oil drilling derrick plays to rise self-lock device", the device sets up three otic placode respectively at derrick thigh and propeller strut, and the pneumatic cylinder is installed to otic placode through-hole top, and after the derrick plays to target in place, three otic placode through-hole is in same dabber, starts the pneumatic cylinder this moment, inserts in three otic placode through-hole, realizes that the derrick is fixed. The device solves the problems of narrow space limit, low manual operation speed and the like of high-altitude operation. The CN 204675718U discloses a derrick lifting protection device, the electromagnetic valve detection switches are arranged at the left leg and the right leg of a derrick, when the derrick lifts in place, the detection switches perform corresponding actions, the electromagnetic valve and the relay power supply are cut off, the winch disc brake control gas signal is cut off, the winch is braked, and the derrick is protected.

The technical scheme does not fundamentally and completely solve the problem of loss of stretch bending of the derrick, equipment, personnel and the like caused by untimely braking of the winch during lifting of the derrick. In actual construction, when the derrick is lifted, misoperation is caused due to misjudgment of workers, and after the derrick is lifted in place, the power of a winch is not timely unloaded and the winch is braked, so that the derrick is continuously dragged by the winch after being lifted to the extreme position of a limit block of the propeller strut, the collapse accident of the derrick is caused, great economic loss is caused, and poor negative effects are caused on the image of a drilling company.

The four technical schemes play the roles of reinforcement, limitation and automatic butt joint fixation through devices such as a support frame, a buffer cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder and the like, belong to passive modes, and do not fundamentally prevent the work of a winch, and if the derrick is lifted in place, the operation attention of personnel is not concentrated or even the operation is wrong, the working of the winch is not stopped in time, and the problems of bending the derrick and the like still occur. According to the fifth technical scheme, after the derrick is lifted in place, the winch is prevented from continuously working through the electromagnetic valve and the relay, and the problems that the derrick is bent by a large rope and the like can be solved. However, electromagnetic equipment is high in cost, easy to damage, high in failure rate, short in service life and the like, so that the working stability is poor, and a plurality of risks still exist.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a safe lifting operation method for a derrick of a drilling machine, which can reduce the risk of high-altitude operation and has high working efficiency, safety and reliability.

In order to solve the technical problems, the safe hoisting operation method of the drilling machine derrick sequentially comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of installing a wellhead base and a drilling platform, and installing a drilling platform guide wheel on the top of the rear side of the drilling platform; a-bracket is arranged on a well mouth base, a A-bracket pulley is arranged at the top of an A-bracket upright post, and a A-bracket hinge lug is welded at the front side of the lower part of the A-bracket upright post; secondly, assembling a derrick main body, wherein the lower ends of derrick support legs are hinged to a wellhead base through derrick large pins, the hinged points are located on the front side of the bottom of a propeller strut front support leg, and then the derrick main body is completely assembled section by section from bottom to top and is in a horizontal state; the rear sides of the upper ends of the derrick supporting legs are welded with derrick hinge lugs; the crown block at the top of the derrick body and the two-layer platform at the middle part are installed, and the hook of the traveling block is placed; a first derrick guide wheel and a second derrick guide wheel are arranged at the lower part of the derrick main body, a derrick steering wheel is arranged below the second derrick guide wheel, and the first derrick guide wheel and the second derrick guide wheel are parallel to the axis of the traveling block group and are vertical to the axes of the derrick steering wheel and the propeller strut pulley; a large rope between a crown block wheel set and a traveling block wheel set is well penetrated, a movable rope head of the large rope is drawn down from a crown block guide wheel, and is drawn onto a winch drum after bypassing a drilling platform guide wheel, and the winch is fixed on the ground on the rear side of a wellhead base; the other end of the big rope is fixed on a big rope fixer at the lower part of the front side of the derrick body; the back rope is led out downwards from the traveling block hook, sequentially bypasses the first derrick guide wheel and the second derrick guide wheel, is turned by the derrick turning wheel and the herringbone frame pulley, and is fixed on the back rope fixing lug upwards, and the back rope fixing lug is fixed in the middle of the rear side of the derrick main body; sixthly, starting a winch to roll a large rope, driving a traveling block hook to ascend, pulling a back rope by the traveling block hook, driving a derrick main body to rotate around a derrick large pin to lift by the back rope, and inserting a connecting lock pin into pin holes of a herringbone frame hinge lug and a derrick hinge lug to fixedly connect the derrick main body with the herringbone frame after the derrick main body is erected in place.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the main body installation work is finished on the ground, so that the safety is good; the crown block wheel set is a fixed pulley block, the traveling block wheel set is a movable pulley block, and the tension of the large rope is greatly reduced after the large rope is wound and wrapped between the fixed pulley block and the movable pulley block for multiple times; the back rope winds downwards from the left side of the first derrick guide wheel, winds downwards from the right side of the second derrick guide wheel to form an S-shaped winding package, the back rope entering the position of the derrick steering wheel is guaranteed not to shake, the traveling block is wound by the winch through the hinging of the derrick large pin and the matching of the large rope and the back rope, the traveling block is made to ascend, the traveling block large hook pulls the back rope to enable the derrick body to be erected in place at one time, and the S-shaped winding package is very fast and stable and easy to control. The derrick supporting leg is in an inverted triangle shape, the rear side of the derrick supporting leg is a derrick supporting leg bevel edge, and after the derrick main body is erected in place, the derrick supporting leg bevel edge is parallel to the front supporting leg of the propeller strut; the derrick main body is fixedly connected with the propeller strut by the connecting lock pin, so that the derrick is very convenient and reliable.

As an improvement of the invention, in the step, a self-locking alarm device is mounted at the middle upper part of a herringbone frame upright post, the self-locking alarm device comprises a left clamping plate and a right clamping plate which are clamped at the left side and the right side of the herringbone frame upright post and extend along the front-back direction, a plurality of pairs of clamping plate fixing holes are uniformly distributed at the rear parts of the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate along the length direction of the clamping plates, a clamping plate rear stud penetrates through the pair of clamping plate fixing holes to fixedly connect the rear sides of the two clamping plates, and the front sides of the two clamping plates are connected with each other; the rear end of the left splint is hinged with a left jaw plate extending forwards through a left single-head pin, the rear end of the right splint is hinged with a right jaw plate extending forwards through a right single-head pin, barbs protruding in opposite directions are symmetrically arranged at the front ends of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate, and the front ends of the two barbs are provided with horn mouths which are wide in front and narrow in back; spring shafts are respectively arranged at the rear parts of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate, and two ends of a jaw plate tension spring are respectively sleeved and fixed on the two spring shafts; when the axes of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate are parallel to each other, the two spring shafts share the same axis and the opposite ends are abutted against each other. The left clamping plate is fixedly connected with the rear end of the right clamping plate through the clamping plate rear stud, the left clamping plate is fixedly connected with the front end of the right clamping plate through the clamping plate front stud, and the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate can be arranged on the standing column of the propeller strut in a holding mode. Different clamping plate fixing holes are selected according to the width of the herringbone frame upright post in the front-back direction for the clamping plate rear stud to pass through. The front ends of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate keep a trend of being close to each other due to the tension of the jaw plate tension spring, when the upright post of the derrick enters a horn mouth at the front ends of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate backwards, the front ends of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate are outwards spread in a splayed mode, after the upright post of the derrick continuously crosses the barb backwards and completely enters a locking space between the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate, under the tension effect of the jaw plate tension spring, the front ends of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate are closed, namely, a state that the axes of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate are parallel to each other is restored, and at the moment, opposite ends of the two spring shafts abut against each other to enable the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate to. The barb at the front end of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate can prevent the back upright post of the derrick from inclining forwards, so that even if the brake crank operator takes off the power of the winch in advance for stabilizing the derrick or for misjudgment, the winch does not wind a large rope to drive the derrick to continuously lift, the derrick cannot incline forwards or shake greatly due to self weight, and the first protection for lifting the derrick is formed on the mechanical structure.

As a further improvement of the invention, in the step, buffer hydraulic cylinders are respectively installed on the upper part and the lower part of a herringbone frame upright post, and piston rods of the buffer hydraulic cylinders extend forwards; when the derrick rear upright post passes over the barb of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate, the front end of the piston rod of each buffer hydraulic cylinder is respectively propped against the rear end surface of the derrick rear upright post. After the derrick rear upright post crosses the barb of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate, the derrick rear upright post enters a locking space of the self-locking alarm device, and the barb can prevent the derrick main body from inclining forwards. Because the gravity center of the derrick main body is positioned at the rear side of the derrick big pin, the derrick main body can tilt backwards under the action of gravity, at the moment, the winch can rotate at a low speed to slowly lift the traveling block big hook, the piston rods of the buffer hydraulic cylinders slowly retract until the pin holes of the propeller strut hinge lug and the derrick hinge lug are coaxial, and the derrick main body is fixedly connected with the propeller strut by inserting the connecting lock pin.

As a further improvement of the invention, the middle section of the right jaw plate is provided with a plurality of right jaw plate fixing holes which are communicated along the vertical direction, a right positioning rod is arranged in one right jaw plate fixing hole, a first stroke limiting valve is arranged on the right positioning rod, and a switching contact handle of the first stroke limiting valve extends out leftwards; when the axis of the derrick body is vertical to the ground, the rear edge of the derrick rear upright post triggers a switching contact handle of a first stroke limit valve; the rear part of the left jaw plate is provided with a plurality of left jaw plate fixing holes which are communicated along the left-right direction, a left positioning rod is arranged in one left jaw plate fixing hole, a stroke limiting valve II is arranged on the left positioning rod, and a switching contact handle of the stroke limiting valve II extends rightwards or forwards; the second stroke limiting valve is located between the spring shaft and the first stroke limiting valve in the front-back direction. When the axis of the derrick body is vertical to the ground, a winch operator should brake the winch in time; if the attention of the operator of the brake crank is not concentrated enough or the experience is insufficient, the winch is not braked in time, the winch still rotates, the traveling block continues to move upwards, and the derrick body continues to move towards the propeller strut. This patent has set up stroke limit valve one, triggers stroke limit valve one at the state point that the derrick main part targets in place, cuts off the air feed of control winch, and the brake disc brakes simultaneously about the winch to the loudspeaker of ventilating reports to the police, reminds the derrick main part to rise to target in place, and the winch can in time be stopped to winch operating personnel, neither in advance, lag again, forms the second that rises to rise to say and protects. After the air horn gives an alarm, if the axis of the derrick main body still crosses the vertical position, an operator can control the buffer hydraulic cylinder to extend a piston rod of the buffer hydraulic cylinder, slowly push the derrick main body to return to the vertical position, remove the alarm of the air horn, and insert a connecting lock pin to fixedly connect the derrick main body with the propeller strut. The middle section of the right jaw plate is provided with a plurality of right jaw plate fixing holes, so that the installation position of the first stroke limiting valve can be conveniently adjusted, and the position for sending a winch brake signal is accurate and timely. If the derrick body crosses the upright position due to the error of an operator or the failure of the first stroke limiting valve, the traveling block is still going upwards due to the fact that the winch is not removed, the derrick body still continuously tilts backwards, when the switching contact handle of the second stroke limiting valve is triggered by the rear upright post of the derrick, the pneumatic control valve group for cutting off and controlling the pneumatic tire of the diesel engine linkage box cuts off the air source from the diesel engine linkage box, air is not supplied to the pneumatic tire of the input shaft of the linkage box, and therefore the winch loses power and stops rotating, and a third protection for lifting is formed. Then the operator controls the buffer hydraulic cylinder to extend a piston rod of the buffer hydraulic cylinder, slowly pushes the derrick body to return to the vertical position, and inserts the connecting lock pin to fixedly connect the derrick body with the propeller strut.

As a further improvement of the invention, the first stroke limiting valve SV1 and the second stroke limiting valve SV2 are two-position three-way valves, the P ports of the first stroke limiting valve SV1 and the second stroke limiting valve SV2 are both connected with the outlet of a device main valve JV1, the inlet of the device main valve JV1 is connected with an air source pipe G1, the A port of the first stroke limiting valve SV1 is connected with the left inlet of a first shuttle valve S1, the middle outlet of the first shuttle valve S1 is connected with the air control ports of a winch pneumatic control valve QV3 and an air horn control valve QV5, the P ports of a winch pneumatic control valve QV3 and an air horn control valve QV5 are respectively connected with an air source pipe G1, the A port of the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 is connected with the P port of a winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4, the A port of the winch high-low-speed reversing valve QV4 is connected with the air inlet of a winch high-low-speed reversing valve QV 68624 through a low-speed air-tyre quick-SF 3 clutch SF 599, and the winch high-speed reversing valve 599 is connected with the air inlet of a winch high-speed air-speed reversing valve 59; the A port of the air horn control valve QV5 is connected with the air inlet of the air horn BP; the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 is a two-position three-way valve, and the air horn control valve QV5 is a two-position two-way valve; the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is a three-position five-way valve, when the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is in the middle position, the P port is not communicated, and the A port and the B port are both communicated with the exhaust port; the middle outlet of the first shuttle valve S1 is also connected with the left inlet of the second shuttle valve S2, the right inlet of the second shuttle valve S2 is connected with the overwinding anti-collision air supply pipe G2, and the middle outlet of the second shuttle valve S2 is connected with the winch emergency brake air supply pipe G3. During lifting operation, opening a device main valve JV1, and communicating P ports of a first stroke limit valve SV1 and a second stroke limit valve SV2 with a gas source pipe G1; the P port of a winch pneumatic control valve QV3 is communicated with the A port, the P port of a winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is pressurized, an operator can switch a valve core of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 to a right station at the initial stage of lifting of the derrick body, the P port of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is communicated with the B port, compressed air enters an air inlet of a winch high-speed pneumatic tyre clutch T2 through a winch high-speed pneumatic tyre quick air release valve SF2, the winch can run at a high speed, and a travelling block is quickly lifted through a large rope. When the derrick body is lifted to a position which is to be erected, an operator can switch the valve core of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 to a left station, the P port of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is communicated with the A port, compressed air enters the air inlet of the winch low-speed air tire clutch T3 through the winch low-speed air tire quick air release valve SF3, the winch can run at a lower speed, and the travelling block is lifted at a low speed through a large rope. When a switching contact handle of a first stroke limit valve SV1 is triggered to switch back, a port P of the first stroke limit valve SV1 is communicated with a port A, compressed air enters a left inlet of a first shuttle valve S1 and then enters pneumatic control ports of a winch pneumatic control valve QV3 and a pneumatic horn control valve QV5 from a middle outlet of the first shuttle valve S1, the port A of the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 is communicated with the port T, and the port P of a winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is decompressed; meanwhile, the port P of the air horn control valve QV5 is communicated with the port A, and the air horn BP gives an alarm; after hearing the alarm, the operator switches the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 to the middle position, the winch high-speed pneumatic tire clutch T2 releases the pressure through a winch high-speed pneumatic tire quick air release valve SF2, the winch low-speed pneumatic tire clutch T3 releases the pressure through a winch low-speed pneumatic tire quick air release valve SF3, the winch loses power, and the traveling block is stopped to be lifted. When the middle outlet of the first shuttle valve S1 outputs air pressure, the air horn BP alarms and the winch loses power, meanwhile, compressed air enters from the left inlet of the second shuttle valve S2 and is output from the middle outlet of the second shuttle valve S2 to enter a winch emergency braking air supply pipe G3, so that the disc brake of the winch is emergently braked, and the travelling block is prevented from sliding. When the winch is overwound, the overwind collision prevention air supply pipe G2 builds pressure, compressed air enters from the right inlet of the second shuttle valve S2, the winch emergency brake air supply pipe G3 builds pressure, and the disc brake of the winch is braked emergently.

As a further improvement of the invention, the winch is driven by a plurality of diesel engines through a linkage box, an air source pipe G1 is also connected with a P port of a diesel engine clutch main valve QV1, an A port of the diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 is respectively connected with the P port of each diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1, and the A port of each diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1 is respectively connected with an air inlet of a corresponding diesel engine pneumatic clutch T1 through a diesel engine clutch quick deflation valve SF 1; and the port A of the second stroke limit valve SV2 is connected with the pneumatic control port of the diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 and the right inlet of the shuttle valve I S1, and the diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 is a two-position three-way valve. Before lifting operation, a P port of a diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 is communicated with an A port, pressure is built up at the P port of each diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1, an operator determines the number of used diesel engines by controlling a handle of the diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1, the P port of the diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1 of the used diesel engines is communicated with the A port, compressed air supplies air to corresponding diesel engine pneumatic tire clutches T1 through a diesel engine clutch quick air release valve SF1, and an output shaft of the diesel engine is combined with an input shaft of a linkage box to transmit torque. If the traveling block is still going up due to the fact that the winch is not removed after the derrick body is made to go over the standing position due to operator error or failure of the stroke limit valve, the derrick body still continues to be tilted back, when the post at the back of the derrick triggers the switching contact handle of the second stroke limit valve SV2, the P port of the second stroke limit valve SV2 is communicated with the A port, the pneumatic control port of the diesel engine clutch master valve QV1 builds pressure, the A port of the diesel engine clutch master valve QV1 is communicated with the T port, each diesel engine clutch manually controls the P port of the HV1 to lose pressure, each diesel engine pneumatic tire clutch T1 is decompressed through a diesel engine clutch quick deflation valve SF1, the output shaft of each diesel engine is separated from the input shaft of the linkage box, the winch loses power input, and the derrick body cannot be subjected to overload traction, therefore, a third protection is formed, and the safety, stability and reliability of the lifting operation are greatly improved.

As a further improvement of the invention, the air source pipe G1 is also connected with a port P of a diesel accelerator manual control valve HV2, a port A of the diesel accelerator manual control valve HV2 is connected with a port P of a diesel accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2, a port A of the diesel accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2 is connected with a diesel accelerator control air pipe G4, and an air control port of the diesel accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2 is connected with a port A of a stroke limit valve II SV2. When lifting, the manual diesel accelerator control valve HV2 is controlled to communicate the port P with the port A, the port P of the pneumatic diesel accelerator control valve QV2 is communicated with the port A, and compressed air can enter the diesel accelerator control air pipe G4. When the switching contact handle of the second stroke limiting valve SV2 is triggered, the air control port of the diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2 builds pressure, the port A of the diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2 is communicated with the port T, the diesel engine accelerator control air pipe G4 releases pressure, and each diesel engine valve is closed.

As a further improvement of the invention, the included angle of the shaft line of the derrick body after crossing the vertical line is within 2 degrees, and the upright post at the back of the derrick triggers the switching contact handle of the stroke limit valve II. Therefore, the angle of backward overload traction of the derrick body can be controlled within 2 degrees, and the lifting safety of the derrick body is ensured.

As a further improvement of the invention, in the step, a limit alarm device is further mounted on a propeller strut upright post, the limit alarm device comprises a fixed rod, the left end of the fixed rod is fixed on the propeller strut upright post through a fixed rod flange, the right end of the fixed rod is screwed in the left port of an adjusting sleeve, an adjusting rod extending rightward is screwed in the right port of the adjusting sleeve, a square shell extending rightward is welded at the right end of the adjusting rod, a sliding block capable of sliding leftward and rightward is arranged in an inner cavity of the square shell, the cross section of the sliding block is square and is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the square shell, and a spring is supported between the left end of the sliding block and the left bottom wall of the square shell; a shell end cover covers the right port of the square shell, a slide block touch rod is arranged in the center of the right end of the slide block, and the right end of the slide block touch rod extends out of the center hole of the shell end cover; the lower part of the sliding block is provided with a sliding block notch with an inverted L-shaped section, the upper end of the locking block is suspended in the sliding block notch, the middle part of the left side of the locking block is provided with a locking block groove, the bulge part at the bottom of the left side of the sliding block notch is embedded in the upper part of the locking block groove, the bottom wall of the square shell is provided with a shell notch for the locking block to pass through, and the right side of the locking block is abutted against the right side wall of the shell notch and is provided with a gap with the right side wall of the; and a trigger mechanism for controlling a stroke gas switch SV3 is hung at the lower part of the locking block. When the spring is installed, the spring is firstly placed in the inner cavity of the square shell, then the adjusting rod is placed, and the shell end cover is sealed and fixed through the screw; then the sliding block feeler lever is extruded to enable the sliding block notch to be aligned with the shell notch, then the locking block is inserted, the sliding block feeler lever is loosened, the sliding block moves rightwards under the tension action of the spring, the protruding portion at the bottom of the left side of the sliding block notch is embedded in the groove of the locking block, the right side of the locking block is limited by the right side wall of the shell notch, and the upper portion of the locking block is reliably hooked in the sliding block notch. After the derrick is lifted to a preset position, the derrick extrudes the slide block touch rod to enable the slide block to slide leftwards by overcoming the tension of the spring, the protruding part at the bottom of the left side of the slide block notch is separated from the locking block groove, the locking block is separated from the slide block notch and falls down from the shell notch, and the falling of the locking block triggers the stroke air switch SV3 to act so as to stop the winch.

As a further improvement of the invention, the trigger mechanism comprises a steel wire rope hung at the lower end of the locking block through a hook, a heavy hammer is hung at the lower end of the steel wire rope, and the middle part of the steel wire rope is connected with a handle of the travel air switch; a rope clamp is fixed in the middle of the steel wire rope and connected with or pressed on a handle of the travel air switch; a fixed rod locking nut is screwed on the fixed rod and pressed on the left port of the adjusting sleeve; and an adjusting rod locking nut is screwed on the adjusting rod and pressed at the right port of the adjusting sleeve. After the slider feeler lever is extruded to enable the slider to slide leftwards, the locking block is separated from the notch of the slider and falls down from the notch of the shell under the action of the gravity of the heavy hammer, and the handle of the stroke air switch is pulled by the steel wire rope to swing downwards, so that the on-off state of the stroke air switch is switched, and the winch stops working; when the heavy hammer pulls the steel wire rope to fall, the handle of the travel air switch is driven by the rope clamp to fall, and switching action is generated; the position of the right end of the slide block touch rod can be accurately adjusted through the rotation of the adjusting sleeve and the adjusting rod, so that the derrick is accurately touched in time after being lifted to a preset position; and after the adjustment is accurate, the fixed rod locking nut and the adjusting rod locking nut are screwed to fix the position of the adjusting sleeve.

As a further improvement of the invention, the stroke air switch SV3 is a two-position three-way valve, a port P of the stroke air switch SV3 is connected with an air source pipe G1, a port A of the stroke air switch SV3 is connected with air control ports of a winch pneumatic control valve QV3 and an air horn control valve QV5, and a port A of the stroke air switch SV3 is also connected with a left inlet of a shuttle valve II S2. When a handle of a travel air switch SV3 is pressed down, a port P of the travel air switch SV3 is communicated with a port A, compressed air enters a pneumatic control valve QV3 of the winch and a pneumatic control port of an air horn control valve QV5, the port A of the pneumatic control valve QV3 of the winch is communicated with the port T, and the port P of a high-low speed reversing valve QV4 of the winch is decompressed; meanwhile, the port P of the air horn control valve QV5 is communicated with the port A, and the air horn BP gives an alarm; after hearing the alarm, the operator switches the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 to the middle position, the winch high-speed pneumatic tire clutch T2 releases the pressure through a winch high-speed pneumatic tire quick air release valve SF2, the winch low-speed pneumatic tire clutch T3 releases the pressure through a winch low-speed pneumatic tire quick air release valve SF3, the winch loses power, and the traveling block is stopped to be lifted.

Drawings

The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and detailed description, which are provided for reference and illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

Fig. 1 is a state diagram after the derrick of the drilling machine is lifted to the right position by the safe lifting operation method.

Fig. 2 is a state diagram before the derrick lifting operation method of the drilling machine is lifted.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the herringbone frame.

Fig. 4 is a working state diagram of the first embodiment of the self-locking alarm device.

Fig. 5 is a working state diagram of the second embodiment of the self-locking alarm device.

Fig. 6 is an elevation view of the self-locking warning device when it enters a locked state.

Fig. 7 is a first gas path control schematic diagram of the hoisting system of the drilling rig derrick of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a front view of the limit alarm device of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a right side view of fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a left side view of the lock block after it has been disengaged from the slide.

Fig. 11 is a second gas path control schematic diagram of the hoisting system of the drilling derrick of the invention.

In the figure: 1. a derrick body; 1a, a derrick leg bevel; 1b, a derrick rear upright post; 1c, a big rope fixer; 1d, fixing lugs by using a back rope; 1e, a derrick hinge lug; 1f, a derrick big pin; 1g, a racking platform; 2. a herringbone frame; a-frame upright post; 2b, front supporting legs of the propeller strut; 2c, rear support legs of the propeller strut; 2d, a propeller strut; a propeller strut hinge lug; 2f, connecting the lock pin; 3. a drilling platform; 4. a traveling block hook; 5. a big rope; 6. a back cord; 7. a buffer liquid cylinder; 8. a self-locking alarm device; 8a, a left splint; 8a1. left splint fixing hole; 8b, a right splint; 8b1. a right splint fixing hole; 8c, clamping a rear stud; 8d, clamping plate front stud; 8e, a left single-headed pin; 8f, a right single-headed pin; 8g, left jaw plate; 8g1. left jaw plate fixing hole; 8g2. left positioning bar; 8h, a right jaw plate; 8h1. right jaw plate fixing hole; 8j, barb; 8k. a spring shaft; 8m. jaw plate tension spring; 9. a winch; 10. a weight; 11. fixing the rod; 11a, fixing a rod flange; 12. an adjusting sleeve; 12a, adjusting sleeve hexagon; 13. the fixing rod locks the nut; 14. adjusting a rod; adjusting rod locking nuts; 15. a square housing; 15a, a shell notch; 16. a slider; 16a, a slider feeler lever; 16b, a slider notch; 17. a spring; 18. a housing end cap; 19. a locking block; 19a, a locking block groove; 20. hooking; 21. a wire rope; 21a, rope clip; BP, gas horn; C1. a drilling platform guide wheel; C2. a crown block guide wheel; C3. a crown block wheel set; C4. a traveling wheel set; D1. a first derrick guide wheel; D2. a second derrick guide wheel; D3. a derrick steering wheel; D4. a propeller strut pulley; jv1. device main valve; SV1, a first stroke limiting valve; SV2, a stroke limit valve II; SV3, a travel gas switch; qv1. diesel engine clutch master valve; QV2. a diesel engine throttle pneumatic control valve; qv3. winch pneumatic control valve; QV4, a reversing valve for the high and low speed of the winch; qv5. air horn control valve; HV1. Diesel clutch manual control valve; HV2. manual control valve of diesel engine throttle; s1, a shuttle valve I; s2, a shuttle valve II; SF1, quickly deflating a diesel engine clutch; SF2, quickly deflating the winch high-speed pneumatic tire; SF3, quickly deflating the winch low-speed pneumatic tire; t1, a gas tyre clutch of the diesel engine; t2, a winch high-speed pneumatic tire clutch; t3, a winch low-speed pneumatic tire clutch; G1. a gas source pipe; G2. overwinding anti-collision air supply pipe; G3. emergency braking of the winch air supply pipe; G4. the throttle of the diesel engine controls the trachea.

Detailed Description

In the following description of the invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationship after the derrick is erected, and are only for convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not mean that the apparatus must have a specific orientation.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the safe lifting operation method of the derrick of the drilling machine of the invention sequentially comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of installing a wellhead base and a drilling platform 3, and installing a drilling platform guide wheel at the top of the rear side of the drilling platform 3; a-bracket 2 is arranged on a well head base, the A-bracket 2 comprises a A-bracket upright post 2a extending along the vertical direction, the bottom of the A-bracket upright post 2a is provided with a front A-bracket supporting leg 2b and a rear A-bracket supporting leg 2c which symmetrically extend forwards and backwards, and the bottoms of the front A-bracket supporting leg 2b and the rear A-bracket supporting leg 2c are fixed on the well head base; a propeller strut stiffener 2d is connected between the lower end of the propeller strut rear leg 2c and the upper end of the propeller strut upright post 2a. A-bracket pulley is arranged at the top of the A-bracket upright post, and a A-bracket hinge lug 2e is welded at the front side of the lower part of the A-bracket upright post.

Secondly, assembling the derrick body 1, firstly, the lower ends of derrick support legs are hinged on a wellhead base through derrick big pins 1f, the hinged points are located on the front side of the bottom of the propeller strut front support legs, then, the derrick body 1 is completely assembled section by section according to the sequence from bottom to top, and the derrick body 1 is in a horizontal state; the rear sides of the upper ends of the derrick supporting legs are welded with derrick hinge lugs 1e.

Thirdly, a crown block at the top of the derrick body 1 and a racking platform 1g in the middle are installed, and a traveling block hook 4 is placed; a first derrick guide wheel and a second derrick guide wheel are arranged at the lower part of the derrick body 1, a derrick steering wheel is arranged below the second derrick guide wheel, and the first derrick guide wheel and the second derrick guide wheel are parallel to the axis of the traveling block group and are vertical to the axes of the derrick steering wheel and the propeller strut pulley.

A large rope 5 between a crown block wheel set and a traveling block wheel set is well penetrated, a movable rope head of the large rope 5 is drawn down from a crown block guide wheel, and is drawn onto a winch drum after bypassing a drilling platform guide wheel, and a winch 9 is fixed on the ground on the rear side of a wellhead base; the other end of the large rope 5 is fixed on a large rope fixer 1c at the lower part of the front side of the derrick body 1.

Fifthly, the back rope 6 is led out downwards from the traveling block hook 4, sequentially bypasses the first derrick guide wheel and the second derrick guide wheel, is turned by the derrick turning wheel and the propeller strut pulley, and is fixed on the back rope fixing lug 1d upwards, and the back rope fixing lug 1d is fixed in the middle of the rear side of the derrick main body 1.

Sixthly, starting a winch 9 to wind a large rope 5, driving a traveling block hook 4 to ascend, pulling a back rope 6 by the traveling block hook 4, driving a derrick body 1 to rotate around a derrick large pin 1f to lift by the back rope 6, and inserting a connecting lock pin 2f into pin holes of a herringbone frame hinge lug 2e and a derrick hinge lug 1e to fixedly connect the derrick body 1 with the herringbone frame after the derrick body 1 is erected in place.

The lower end of the derrick body 1 is provided with an inverted triangular derrick supporting leg, the rear side of the derrick supporting leg is a derrick supporting leg bevel edge 1a, and the inclination angle of the derrick supporting leg bevel edge 1a is consistent with that of a propeller strut front supporting leg 2 b; the lower ends of the derrick support legs are hinged on a wellhead base through a derrick big pin 1f, and the hinged point is positioned on the front side of the bottom of the propeller strut front support leg 2b.

The method comprises the steps that a self-locking alarm device 8 is mounted on the middle upper portion of a propeller strut upright post 2a, after a derrick main body 1 rotates anticlockwise around a derrick big pin 1f at the lower end of a derrick supporting leg and is gradually erected upwards, a derrick supporting leg bevel edge 1a reaches the front side of a propeller strut front supporting leg 2b, a derrick rear upright post 1b reaches the front side of the propeller strut upright post 2a and enters the self-locking alarm device 8, the self-locking alarm device 8 can remove power of a winch 9 in time, and the derrick cannot topple forwards or shake greatly due to self weight. The influence caused by human misoperation is eliminated, the stability and the reliability of lifting operation are improved, accidents such as bending and even scrapping of the derrick caused by untimely braking of the winch 9 are eliminated, and the economic loss is avoided.

The crown block comprises a crown block wheel set C3, and a crown block guide wheel C2 is arranged on the rear side of the crown block wheel set C3. The traveling block comprises a traveling block wheel group C4, and a traveling block hook 4 is arranged below the traveling block wheel group C4. The axes of the crown block wheel set C3 and the crown block wheel set C4 are parallel to each other and are vertical to the axes of the crown block guide wheel C2 and the drilling platform guide wheel C1; the rope 5 led out from the winch drum sequentially bypasses a drilling platform guide wheel C1 and a crown block guide wheel C2, then repeatedly bypasses between a crown block wheel set C3 and a traveling crown block wheel set C4, and is downwards fixed on a rope fixer 1C after being wound out from a last crown block wheel of the crown block wheel set C3, and the rope fixer 1C is fixed at the lower part of the front side of the derrick body 1.

The crown block wheel set C3 is a fixed pulley block, and the traveling block wheel set C4 is a movable pulley block; after the big rope 5 is turned by the crown block guide wheel C2, the first pulley of the traveling crown block wheel set C4 is wrapped downwards, then the first pulley of the crown block wheel set C3 is wrapped upwards, the second pulley of the traveling crown block wheel set C4 is wrapped downwards, the second pulley of the crown block wheel set C3 is wrapped upwards, and the operation is repeated in this way. The winch roller winds the large rope 5, and after the large rope is steered by the drilling platform guide wheel C1, the crown block guide wheel C2 and the crown block wheel group C3, the traveling block wheel group C4 drives the traveling block hook 4 to ascend, and the traveling block hook 4 erects the derrick body 1 through the lifting back rope 6.

A derrick guide wheel I D1 and a derrick guide wheel II D2 are arranged at the lower part of the derrick main body 1, a derrick steering wheel D3 is arranged below the derrick guide wheel II D2, and a herringbone frame pulley D4 is arranged at the top of the herringbone frame upright post 2 a; the axes of the derrick guide wheel I D1, the derrick guide wheel II D2 and the free wheel group C4 are parallel to each other and are vertical to the axes of a derrick steering wheel D3 and a trestle pulley D4; the back rope 6 is led out downwards from the traveling block hook 4, sequentially bypasses a derrick guide wheel I D1 and a derrick guide wheel II D2, is steered by a derrick steering wheel D3 and a propeller strut pulley D4, and is fixed on the back rope fixing lug 1D upwards.

The back rope 6 is wrapped downwards from the left side of the first derrick guide wheel D1 and wrapped downwards from the right side of the second derrick guide wheel D2 to form an S-shaped wrapping, so that the back rope 6 entering the position of the derrick steering wheel D3 is ensured not to shake, and then the back rope 6 is wrapped downwards from the front side to the derrick steering wheel D3 and finally is turned to the direction through the herringbone frame pulley D4 and then is fixed on the back rope fixing lug 1D upwards. When the large rope 5 pulls the traveling block hook 4 to ascend, the traveling block hook 4 lifts the movable end of the back rope 6 upward, and the back rope 6 passing around the propeller strut pulley D4 slowly pulls up the derrick body 1 through the back rope fixing lug 1D.

As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the self-locking alarm device 8 includes a left clamping plate 8a and a right clamping plate 8b which are clamped at the left and right sides of the bracket upright 2a and extend in the front-rear direction, the rear sides of the two clamping plates are connected with each other through a clamping plate rear stud 8c, and the front sides of the two clamping plates are connected with each other through a clamping plate front stud 8 d; the rear end of the left splint 8a is hinged with a left jaw plate 8g extending forwards through a left single-head pin 8e, the rear end of the right splint 8b is hinged with a right jaw plate 8h extending forwards through a right single-head pin 8f, barbs 8j protruding in opposite directions are symmetrically arranged at the front ends of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h, and the front ends of the two barbs 8j are provided with horn mouths which are wide in front and narrow in back; spring shafts 8k are respectively arranged at the rear parts of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h, and two ends of a jaw plate tension spring 8m are respectively sleeved and fixed on the two spring shafts 8 k; when the axes of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h are parallel to each other, the two spring shafts 8k are coaxial and the opposite ends abut against each other.

The left clamping plate 8a is fixedly connected with the rear end of the right clamping plate 8b through the clamping plate rear stud 8c, the left clamping plate 8a is fixedly connected with the front end of the right clamping plate 8b through the clamping plate front stud 8d, and the left clamping plate 8a and the right clamping plate 8b can be arranged on the A-frame upright post 2a in a embracing mode. The front ends of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h are kept to be close to each other by the tension of the jaw plate tension spring 8m, when the post 1b behind the derrick enters the horn mouth at the front ends of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h backwards, the front ends of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h are unfolded outwards in a splayed shape, after the post 1b behind the derrick continuously crosses the barb 8j backwards and completely enters the locking space between the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h, under the tension of the jaw plate tension spring 8m, the front ends of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h are closed, namely, the state that the axes of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h are parallel to each other is restored, and at the moment, the opposite ends of the two spring shafts 8k abut against each other to enable the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h to be positioned. The barb 8j at the front end of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h can prevent the derrick rear upright post 1b from inclining forward, and even if a brake crank operator takes off the power of the winch 9 in advance for stabilizing the derrick or for misjudgment, the winch 9 does not wind the large rope 5 to drive the derrick to continue to lift, the derrick cannot incline forward or shake greatly due to self weight, and the first protection of derrick lifting is formed from a mechanical structure.

Left splint 8a has a plurality of left splint fixed orifices 8a1 along splint length direction evenly distributed, and right splint 8b has a plurality of right splint fixed orifices 8b1 along splint length direction evenly distributed, and left splint fixed orifices 8a1 sets up in pairs with right splint fixed orifices 8b1, and splint rear stud 8c passes the rear side fixed connection of a pair of splint fixed orifices with two splint. Different splint fixing holes are selected according to the width of the A-bracket upright post 2a in the front and back direction for the splint rear stud 8c to pass through.

The upper part and the lower part of the A-frame upright post 2a are respectively provided with a buffer hydraulic cylinder 7, and a piston rod of each buffer hydraulic cylinder 7 extends forwards; when the derrick rear upright post 1b passes over the barb 8j of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h, the gravity center of the derrick main body 1 is positioned between the derrick big pin 1f and the axis of the propeller strut upright post 2a, and the piston rod of each buffer cylinder 7 is positioned at the front dead center and abuts against the rear end surface of the derrick rear upright post 1b. After the derrick rear upright post 1b passes over the barb 8j of the left jaw plate 8g and the right jaw plate 8h, the derrick rear upright post enters a locking space of the self-locking alarm device 8, and the barb 8j can prevent the derrick main body 1 from inclining forwards. Because the gravity center of the derrick body 1 is positioned at the rear side of the derrick big pin 1f, the derrick body 1 can tilt backwards under the action of gravity, at the moment, the winch 9 can rotate at a low speed to slowly lift the traveling block big hook 4, the piston rods of the buffer liquid cylinders 7 slowly retract until the pin holes of the propeller strut hinge lug 2e and the derrick hinge lug 1e are coaxial, and the derrick body 1 is fixedly connected with the propeller strut by inserting the connecting lock pin 2f.

The middle section of the right jaw plate 8h is provided with a plurality of right jaw plate fixing holes 8h1 which are penetrated in the vertical direction, a right positioning rod is arranged in one right jaw plate fixing hole 8h1, a first stroke limiting valve is arranged on the right positioning rod, and a switching contact handle of the first stroke limiting valve extends out leftwards; when the axis of the derrick body 1 is vertical to the ground, the rear edge of the derrick rear upright post 1b triggers a switching contact handle of the first stroke limiting valve.

When the axis of the derrick body 1 is perpendicular to the ground, the winch operator should brake the winch 9 in time; if the attention of the brake crank operator is not concentrated enough or the experience is insufficient, the winch 9 is not braked in time, the winch 9 is still rotated, the traveling block continues to move upwards, and the derrick body 1 continues to move towards the propeller strut. This patent has set up stroke limit valve one, triggers stroke limit valve one at the state point that derrick main part 1 targets in place, cuts off the air feed of control winch 9, and the brake disc brakes simultaneously about winch 9 to the horn of ventilating reports to the police, reminds derrick main part 1 to rise to target in place, and winch operating personnel can in time accurately brake winch 9, neither in advance, lag again, forms the second that rises to rise and says the protection. After the air horn gives an alarm, if the axis of the derrick body 1 still crosses the vertical position, an operator can control the buffer hydraulic cylinder 7 to extend a piston rod of the buffer hydraulic cylinder 7, slowly push the derrick body 1 to return to the vertical position, remove the alarm of the air horn, and insert the connecting lock pin 2f to fixedly connect the derrick body 1 and the propeller strut. The middle section of the right jaw plate 8h is provided with a plurality of right jaw plate fixing holes 8h1, so that the installation position of the first stroke limiting valve can be conveniently adjusted, and the position of sending a winch brake signal is accurate and timely.

The rear part of the left jaw plate 8g is provided with a plurality of left jaw plate fixing holes 8g1 which are penetrated in the left-right direction, one left jaw plate fixing hole 8g1 is internally provided with a left positioning rod 8g2, the left positioning rod 8g2 is provided with a stroke limiting valve II, and a switching contact handle of the stroke limiting valve II extends rightwards or forwards; the second stroke limiting valve is located between the spring shaft 8k and the first stroke limiting valve in the front-back direction. If the derrick body 1 crosses the upright position due to the error of an operator or the failure of the first stroke limit valve, the traveling block is still going upwards due to the fact that the winch 9 is not removed, the derrick body 1 still continuously tilts backwards, when the switching contact handle of the second stroke limit valve is triggered by the rear upright post 1b of the derrick, the pneumatic control valve bank for controlling the pneumatic tire of the diesel engine linkage box is cut off, the air source is cut off from the diesel engine linkage box, air is not supplied to the pneumatic tire of the input shaft of the linkage box, and therefore the winch 9 is stopped due to the loss of power, and the third protection of lifting is formed. Then the operator controls the buffer hydraulic cylinder 7 to extend the piston rod of the buffer hydraulic cylinder 7, slowly pushes the derrick body 1 to return to the upright position, and inserts the connecting lock pin 2f to fixedly connect the derrick body 1 with the propeller strut.

As shown in fig. 7, the first stroke limiting valve SV1 and the second stroke limiting valve SV2 are two-position three-way valves, the P ports of the first stroke limiting valve SV1 and the second stroke limiting valve SV2 are both connected with the outlet of the device main valve JV1, the inlet of the device main valve JV1 is connected with the air supply pipe G1, the a port of the first stroke limiting valve SV1 is connected with the left inlet of the first shuttle valve S1, the middle outlet of the first shuttle valve S1 is connected with the air control ports of the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 and the air horn control valve QV5, the P ports of the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 and the air horn control valve QV5 are respectively connected with the air supply pipe G1, the a port of the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 is connected with the P port of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4, the a port of the winch high-low-speed reversing valve QV4 is connected with the air inlet port of the winch high-speed pneumatic valve QV 599 through the air bleed valve SF 6324, and the air inlet of the winch high-speed pneumatic reversing valve QV 599 is connected with the air valve SF 9 through the air valve SF 9; the A port of the air horn control valve QV5 is connected with the air inlet of the air horn BP; the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 is a two-position three-way valve, and the air horn control valve QV5 is a two-position two-way valve; the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is a three-position five-way valve, when the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is in the middle position, the P port is not communicated, and the A port and the B port are both communicated with the exhaust port.

During lifting operation, opening a device main valve JV1, and communicating P ports of a first stroke limit valve SV1 and a second stroke limit valve SV2 with a gas source pipe G1; the P port of the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 is communicated with the A port, the P port of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is pressurized, in the initial stage of lifting of the derrick body 1, an operator can switch the valve core of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 to the right station, the P port of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is communicated with the B port, compressed air enters the air inlet of the winch high-speed pneumatic tyre clutch T2 through the winch high-speed pneumatic tyre quick air release valve SF2, the winch 9 can run at a high speed, and the traveling block is quickly lifted through the large rope 5.

When the derrick body 1 is lifted to a position to be erected, an operator can switch the valve core of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 to a left station, the P port of the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is communicated with the A port, compressed air enters the air inlet of the winch low-speed air tire clutch T3 through the winch low-speed air tire quick air release valve SF3, the winch 9 can run at a lower speed, and the travelling block is lifted at a low speed through the large rope 5.

When a switching contact handle of a first stroke limit valve SV1 is triggered to switch back, a port P of the first stroke limit valve SV1 is communicated with a port A, compressed air enters a left inlet of a first shuttle valve S1 and then enters pneumatic control ports of a winch pneumatic control valve QV3 and a pneumatic horn control valve QV5 from a middle outlet of the first shuttle valve S1, the port A of the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 is communicated with the port T, and the port P of a winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 is decompressed; meanwhile, the port P of the air horn control valve QV5 is communicated with the port A, and the air horn BP gives an alarm; after hearing the alarm, the operator switches the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 to the middle position, the winch high-speed pneumatic tire clutch T2 releases the pressure through the winch high-speed pneumatic tire quick air release valve SF2, the winch low-speed pneumatic tire clutch T3 releases the pressure through the winch low-speed pneumatic tire quick air release valve SF3, the winch 9 loses power, and the traveling block is stopped to be lifted.

The middle outlet of the first shuttle valve S1 is also connected with the left inlet of the second shuttle valve S2, the right inlet of the second shuttle valve S2 is connected with the overwinding anti-collision air supply pipe G2, and the middle outlet of the second shuttle valve S2 is connected with the winch emergency brake air supply pipe G3. When the middle outlet of the first shuttle valve S1 outputs air pressure, the air horn BP alarms and the winch loses power, meanwhile, compressed air enters from the left inlet of the second shuttle valve S2 and is output from the middle outlet of the second shuttle valve S2 to enter a winch emergency brake air supply pipe G3, so that the disc brake of the winch 9 is emergently braked, and the travelling block is prevented from sliding. When the winch 9 is overwound, the overwind collision prevention air supply pipe G2 builds pressure, compressed air enters from the right inlet of the shuttle valve II S2, the winch emergency brake air supply pipe G3 builds pressure, and the disc brake of the winch 9 is braked emergently.

The winch 9 is driven by a plurality of diesel engines through a linkage box, an air source pipe G1 is also connected with a P port of a diesel engine clutch main valve QV1, an A port of the diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 is respectively connected with the P port of each diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1, and the A port of each diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1 is respectively connected with an air inlet of a corresponding diesel engine pneumatic clutch T1 through a diesel engine clutch quick deflation valve SF 1; and the port A of the second stroke limit valve SV2 is connected with the pneumatic control port of the diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 and the right inlet of the shuttle valve I S1, and the diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 is a two-position three-way valve.

Before lifting operation, a P port of a diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 is communicated with an A port, pressure is built up at the P port of each diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1, an operator determines the number of used diesel engines by controlling a handle of the diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1, the P port of the diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1 of the used diesel engines is communicated with the A port, compressed air supplies air to corresponding diesel engine pneumatic tire clutches T1 through a diesel engine clutch quick air release valve SF1, and an output shaft of the diesel engine is combined with an input shaft of a linkage box to transmit torque. If the derrick body 1 passes the standing position due to an operator's mistake or a failure of the stroke limit valve, the lack of removal of the winch 9 causes the carriage to go further upwards, the mast body 1 still continues to be tilted backwards, when the vertical post 1b of the derrick triggers the switching contact handle of the second stroke limiting valve SV2, the P port of the second stroke limiting valve SV2 is communicated with the A port, the pneumatic control port of the diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 builds pressure, the A port of the diesel engine clutch main valve QV1 is communicated with the T port, the P port of each diesel engine clutch manual control valve HV1 loses pressure, each diesel engine pneumatic tire clutch T1 is decompressed through a diesel engine clutch quick deflation valve SF1, the output shaft of each diesel engine is separated from the input shaft of the linkage box, the winch 9 loses power input, and overload traction can not be caused to the derrick body 1, therefore, a third protection is formed, and the safety, stability and reliability of the lifting operation are greatly improved.

The air source pipe G1 is also connected with a P port of a diesel engine accelerator manual control valve HV2, an A port of the diesel engine accelerator manual control valve HV2 is connected with a P port of a diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2, an A port of the diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2 is connected with a diesel engine accelerator control air pipe G4, and an air control port of the diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2 is connected with an A port of a stroke limiting valve II SV2. When lifting, the manual diesel accelerator control valve HV2 is controlled to communicate the port P with the port A, the port P of the pneumatic diesel accelerator control valve QV2 is communicated with the port A, and compressed air can enter the diesel accelerator control air pipe G4. When the switching contact handle of the second stroke limiting valve SV2 is triggered, the air control port of the diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2 builds pressure, the port A of the diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve QV2 is communicated with the port T, the diesel engine accelerator control air pipe G4 releases pressure, and each diesel engine valve is closed.

The included angle of the shaft line of the derrick body after crossing the vertical line is within 2 degrees, and the vertical column 1b behind the derrick triggers a switching contact handle of the second stroke limiting valve. Therefore, the angle of backward overload traction of the derrick body 1 can be controlled within 2 degrees, and the lifting safety of the derrick body 1 is ensured.

As shown in fig. 8 to 10, in the steps, a limit alarm device is further mounted on a propeller strut upright post 2a, the limit alarm device comprises a fixed rod 21, the left end of the fixed rod 21 is fixed on the propeller strut upright post through a fixed rod flange 21a, the right end of the fixed rod 21 is screwed in the left port of an adjusting sleeve 12, an adjusting rod 14 extending rightward is screwed in the right port of the adjusting sleeve 12, a square shell 15 extending rightward is welded at the right end of the adjusting rod 14, a sliding block 16 capable of sliding left and right is arranged in an inner cavity of the square shell 15, the cross section of the sliding block 16 is square and is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the square shell 15, and a spring 17 is supported between the left end of the sliding block 16 and the left bottom wall of the; a shell end cover 18 covers the right end opening of the square shell 15, a slide block contact rod 16a is arranged at the center of the right end of the slide block 16, and the right end of the slide block contact rod 16a extends out of a central hole of the shell end cover 18; a slider notch 16b with an inverted L-shaped cross section is formed in the lower portion of the slider 16, the upper end of the lock block 19 is suspended in the slider notch 16b, a lock block groove 19a is formed in the middle of the left side of the lock block 19, a protruding portion of the bottom of the left side of the slider notch 16b is embedded in the upper portion of the lock block groove 19a, a shell notch 15a for the lock block 19 to penetrate through is formed in the bottom wall of the square shell 15, and the right side of the lock block 19 abuts against the right side wall of the shell notch 15a and a gap is reserved between the right side wall of the slider notch 16 b; the lower part of the locking block 19 is hung with a trigger mechanism for controlling a stroke air switch SV3.

When the device is installed, the spring 17 is firstly placed in the inner cavity of the square shell 15, then the adjusting rod 14 is placed, and the shell end cover 18 is sealed and fixed through screws; then, the slider contact rod 16a is pressed to align the slider notch 16b with the housing notch 15a, then the lock block 19 is inserted, the slider contact rod 16a is released, the slider 16 moves to the right under the tension of the spring 17, so that the protrusion at the bottom of the left side of the slider notch 16b is embedded in the lock block groove 19a, and the right side of the lock block 19 is limited by the right side wall of the housing notch 15a, so that the upper portion of the lock block 19 is reliably hooked in the slider notch 16b.

After the derrick is lifted to a preset position, the derrick extrudes the slide block contact rod 16a to enable the slide block 16 to slide leftwards against the tension of the spring 17, the bulge at the bottom of the left side of the slide block notch 16b is separated from the locking block groove 19a, the locking block 19 is separated from the slide block notch 16b and falls from the shell notch 15a, and the falling of the locking block 19 triggers the stroke air switch SV3 to act to stop the winch.

The trigger mechanism comprises a steel wire rope 21 hung at the lower end of the locking block 19 through a hook 20, a heavy hammer 10 is hung at the lower end of the steel wire rope 21, and the middle part of the steel wire rope 21 is connected with a handle of the stroke air switch. After the slider 16a is squeezed to slide the slider 16 leftward, the lock 19 is separated from the slider notch 16b and falls from the housing notch 15a under the action of the gravity of the weight 10, and the wire rope 21 pulls the handle of the stroke air switch to swing downward, so that the on-off state of the stroke air switch is switched, and the winch stops working.

A rope clip 21a is fixed in the middle of the steel wire rope 21, and the rope clip 21a is connected with or pressed on the handle of the travel air switch. When the weight 10 pulls the wire rope 21 to fall, the rope clip 21a drives the handle of the travel switch to fall, and switching action is generated.

A fixing rod locking nut 13 is screwed on the fixing rod 21, and the fixing rod locking nut 13 is pressed on the left port of the adjusting sleeve 12; an adjusting rod locking nut 14a is screwed on the adjusting rod 14, and the adjusting rod locking nut 14a is pressed on the right end opening of the adjusting sleeve 12. The position of the right end of the slide block contact rod 16a can be accurately adjusted through the rotation of the adjusting sleeve 12 and the adjusting rod 14, so that the derrick is accurately touched in time after being lifted to a preset position; after the adjustment is accurate, the fixed rod locking nut 13 and the adjusting rod locking nut 14a are screwed to fix the position of the adjusting sleeve 12.

The outer wall of the adjusting sleeve 12 is provided with an adjusting sleeve square tenon or an adjusting sleeve hexagonal 12a. The adjusting sleeve 12 is rotated by a wrench to adjust the position of the adjusting sleeve 12.

As shown in fig. 11, the pneumatic travel switch SV3 is a two-position three-way valve, the port P of the pneumatic travel switch SV3 is connected to the air supply pipe G1, the port a of the pneumatic travel switch SV3 is connected to the pneumatic ports of the winch pneumatic control valve QV3 and the air horn control valve QV5, and the port a of the pneumatic travel switch SV3 is also connected to the left inlet of the shuttle valve two S2. When a handle of a travel air switch SV3 is pressed down, a port P of the travel air switch SV3 is communicated with a port A, compressed air enters a pneumatic control valve QV3 of the winch and a pneumatic control port of an air horn control valve QV5, the port A of the pneumatic control valve QV3 of the winch is communicated with the port T, and the port P of a high-low speed reversing valve QV4 of the winch is decompressed; meanwhile, the port P of the air horn control valve QV5 is communicated with the port A, and the air horn BP gives an alarm; after hearing the alarm, the operator switches the winch high-low speed reversing valve QV4 to the middle position, the winch high-speed pneumatic tire clutch T2 releases the pressure through a winch high-speed pneumatic tire quick air release valve SF2, the winch low-speed pneumatic tire clutch T3 releases the pressure through a winch low-speed pneumatic tire quick air release valve SF3, the winch loses power, and the traveling block is stopped to be lifted.

Claims (7)

1. A safe hoisting operation method for a derrick of a drilling machine is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of installing a wellhead base and a drilling platform, and installing a drilling platform guide wheel on the top of the rear side of the drilling platform; a-bracket is arranged on a well mouth base, a A-bracket pulley is arranged at the top of an A-bracket upright post, and a A-bracket hinge lug is welded at the front side of the lower part of the A-bracket upright post; secondly, assembling a derrick main body, wherein the lower ends of derrick support legs are hinged to a wellhead base through derrick large pins, the hinged points are located on the front side of the bottom of a propeller strut front support leg, and then the derrick main body is completely assembled section by section from bottom to top and is in a horizontal state; the rear sides of the upper ends of the derrick supporting legs are welded with derrick hinge lugs; the crown block at the top of the derrick body and the two-layer platform at the middle part are installed, and the hook of the traveling block is placed; a first derrick guide wheel and a second derrick guide wheel are arranged at the lower part of the derrick main body, a derrick steering wheel is arranged below the second derrick guide wheel, and the first derrick guide wheel and the second derrick guide wheel are parallel to the axis of the traveling block group and are vertical to the axes of the derrick steering wheel and the propeller strut pulley; a large rope between a crown block wheel set and a traveling block wheel set is well penetrated, a movable rope head of the large rope is drawn down from a crown block guide wheel, and is drawn onto a winch drum after bypassing a drilling platform guide wheel, and the winch is fixed on the ground on the rear side of a wellhead base; the other end of the big rope is fixed on a big rope fixer at the lower part of the front side of the derrick body; the back rope is led out downwards from the traveling block hook, sequentially bypasses the first derrick guide wheel and the second derrick guide wheel, is turned by the derrick turning wheel and the herringbone frame pulley, and is fixed on the back rope fixing lug upwards, and the back rope fixing lug is fixed in the middle of the rear side of the derrick main body; sixthly, starting a winch to roll a large rope, driving a traveling block hook to ascend, pulling a back rope by the traveling block hook, driving a derrick main body to rotate around a derrick large pin to lift by the back rope, and inserting a connecting lock pin into pin holes of a herringbone frame hinge lug and a derrick hinge lug to fixedly connect the derrick main body with the herringbone frame after the derrick main body is erected in place; the method comprises the steps that a self-locking alarm device is mounted on the middle upper portion of a herringbone frame stand column, the self-locking alarm device comprises a left clamping plate and a right clamping plate which are clamped on the left side and the right side of the herringbone frame stand column and extend in the front-back direction, a plurality of pairs of clamping plate fixing holes are uniformly distributed in the rear portions of the left clamping plate and the right clamping plate along the length direction of the clamping plates, a clamping plate rear stud penetrates through the clamping plate fixing holes to fixedly connect the rear sides of the two clamping plates, and the front sides of the two clamping plates are connected with each other through; the front end of the left splint is hinged with a left jaw plate extending forwards through a left single-head pin, the front end of the right splint is hinged with a right jaw plate extending forwards through a right single-head pin, barbs protruding in opposite directions are symmetrically arranged at the front ends of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate, and the front ends of the two barbs are provided with horn mouths which are wide in front and narrow in back; spring shafts are respectively arranged at the rear parts of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate, and two ends of a jaw plate tension spring are respectively sleeved and fixed on the two spring shafts; when the axes of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate are parallel to each other, the two spring shafts share the same axis and opposite ends are abutted against each other; the method comprises the steps that buffer hydraulic cylinders are respectively mounted on the upper portion and the lower portion of a herringbone frame upright post, and piston rods of the buffer hydraulic cylinders extend forwards; when the derrick rear upright post passes over the barb of the left jaw plate and the right jaw plate, the front end of the piston rod of each buffer hydraulic cylinder is respectively propped against the rear end surface of the derrick rear upright post; the middle section of the right jaw plate is provided with a plurality of right jaw plate fixing holes which are communicated along the vertical direction, a right positioning rod is arranged in one right jaw plate fixing hole, a first stroke limiting valve is arranged on the right positioning rod, and a switching contact handle of the first stroke limiting valve extends out leftwards; when the axis of the derrick body is vertical to the ground, the rear edge of the derrick rear upright post triggers a switching contact handle of a first stroke limit valve; the rear part of the left jaw plate is provided with a plurality of left jaw plate fixing holes which are communicated along the left-right direction, a left positioning rod is arranged in one left jaw plate fixing hole, a stroke limiting valve II is arranged on the left positioning rod, and a switching contact handle of the stroke limiting valve II extends rightwards or forwards; the second stroke limiting valve is located between the spring shaft and the first stroke limiting valve in the front-back direction.

2. The safe hoisting operation method of the drilling derrick of claim 1, characterized in that: the first stroke limiting valve (SV1) and the second stroke limiting valve (SV2) are both two-position three-way valves, the P ports of the first stroke limiting valve (SV1) and the second stroke limiting valve (SV2) are both connected with the outlet of a device main valve (JV1), the inlet of the device main valve (JV1) is connected with a gas source pipe (G1), the A port of the first stroke limiting valve (SV1) is connected with the left inlet of the first shuttle valve (S1), the middle outlet of the first shuttle valve (S1) is connected with the pneumatic control ports of a winch pneumatic control valve (QV3) and an air horn control valve (QV5), the P ports of the winch pneumatic control valve (QV3) and an air horn control valve (QV5) are respectively connected with a gas source pipe (G1), the A port of a winch pneumatic control valve (QV3) is connected with the P port of a winch high-speed reversing valve (QV 6), the A port of the winch low-speed reversing valve (SV 4) is connected with a winch quick clutch 3 of a winch pneumatic tire deflation valve (SF 73727), the port B of the winch high-low speed reversing valve (QV4) is connected with the air inlet of a winch high-speed air tire clutch (T2) through a winch high-speed air tire quick air release valve (SF 2); the A port of the air horn control valve (QV5) is connected with the air inlet of an air horn (BP); the winch pneumatic control valve (QV3) is a two-position three-way valve, and the air horn control valve (QV5) is a two-position two-way valve; the winch high-low speed reversing valve (QV4) is a three-position five-way valve, when the winch high-low speed reversing valve (QV4) is in the middle position, the P port is not communicated, and the A port and the B port are both communicated with the exhaust port; the middle outlet of the first shuttle valve (S1) is also connected with the left inlet of the second shuttle valve (S2), the right inlet of the second shuttle valve (S2) is connected with the overwinding anti-collision air supply pipe (G2), and the middle outlet of the second shuttle valve (S2) is connected with the winch emergency brake air supply pipe (G3).

3. The safe hoisting operation method of the drilling derrick of claim 2, characterized in that: the winch is driven by a plurality of diesel engines through a linkage box, an air source pipe (G1) is also connected with a P port of a diesel engine clutch main valve (QV1), an A port of the diesel engine clutch main valve (QV1) is respectively connected with the P port of each diesel engine clutch manual control valve (HV1), and the A port of each diesel engine clutch manual control valve (HV1) is respectively connected with an air inlet of a corresponding diesel engine pneumatic clutch (T1) through a diesel engine clutch quick deflation valve (SF 1); the port A of the second stroke limit valve (SV2) is connected with the pneumatic control port of the diesel engine clutch main valve (QV1) and the right inlet of the first shuttle valve (S1), and the diesel engine clutch main valve (QV1) is a two-position three-way valve; the air source pipe (G1) is also connected with a P port of a diesel engine accelerator manual control valve (HV2), an A port of the diesel engine accelerator manual control valve (HV2) is connected with a P port of the diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve (QV2), an A port of the diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve (QV2) is connected with a diesel engine accelerator control air pipe (G4), and an air control port of the diesel engine accelerator pneumatic control valve (QV2) is connected with an A port of a stroke limiting valve II (SV 2).

4. The safe hoisting operation method of the drilling derrick of claim 3, characterized in that: and the included angle of the shaft line of the derrick body after crossing the vertical line is within 2 degrees, and the upright post triggers the switching contact handle of the stroke limit valve II.

5. The safe hoisting operation method of the drilling derrick of claim 2, characterized in that: the adjusting device comprises a fixing rod, wherein the left end of the fixing rod is fixed on a propeller strut stand column through a fixing rod flange, the right end of the fixing rod is connected in a left port of an adjusting sleeve in a rotating mode, an adjusting rod extending rightwards is connected in a right port of the adjusting sleeve in a rotating mode, a square shell extending rightwards is welded at the right end of the adjusting rod, a sliding block capable of sliding leftwards and rightwards is arranged in an inner cavity of the square shell, the cross section of the sliding block is square and is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the square shell, and a spring is supported between the left end of the sliding block and the left bottom wall of the square shell; a shell end cover covers the right port of the square shell, a slide block touch rod is arranged in the center of the right end of the slide block, and the right end of the slide block touch rod extends out of the center hole of the shell end cover; the lower part of the sliding block is provided with a sliding block notch with an inverted L-shaped section, the upper end of the locking block is suspended in the sliding block notch, the middle part of the left side of the locking block is provided with a locking block groove, the bulge part at the bottom of the left side of the sliding block notch is embedded in the upper part of the locking block groove, the bottom wall of the square shell is provided with a shell notch for the locking block to pass through, and the right side of the locking block is abutted against the right side wall of the shell notch and is provided with a gap with the right side wall of the; and a trigger mechanism for controlling a stroke gas switch (SV3) is hung at the lower part of the locking block.

6. The safe hoisting operation method of the drilling derrick of claim 5, characterized in that: the trigger mechanism comprises a steel wire rope hung at the lower end of the locking block through a hook, a heavy hammer is hung at the lower end of the steel wire rope, and the middle of the steel wire rope is connected with a handle of the travel air switch; a rope clamp is fixed in the middle of the steel wire rope and connected with or pressed on a handle of the travel air switch; a fixed rod locking nut is screwed on the fixed rod and pressed on the left port of the adjusting sleeve; and an adjusting rod locking nut is screwed on the adjusting rod and pressed at the right port of the adjusting sleeve.

7. The safe hoisting operation method of the drilling derrick of claim 6, characterized in that: the travel air switch (SV3) is a two-position three-way valve, a P port of the travel air switch (SV3) is connected with an air source pipe (G1), an A port of the travel air switch (SV3) is connected with pneumatic control ports of a winch pneumatic control valve (QV3) and an air horn control valve (QV5), and an A port of the travel air switch (SV3) is also connected with a left inlet of a shuttle valve II (S2).

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