CN110787486A - Mba桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的快速制备及其应用 - Google Patents
Mba桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的快速制备及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱及其制备与应用,属于分析化学领域。所述的整体柱是先将环糊精SH‑β‑CD与配体衍生剂MBA溶于去离子水中,在AIBA为引发剂的条件下反应生成桥联环糊精,然后加入亲核试剂尿素和可质子化试剂甲醛溶液,在催化剂尿素的作用下一步聚合制得。本发明制备MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的方法简单,反应快速,通过功能桥构建的环糊精双分子桥联结构,可以充分发挥双分子间以及与桥链的协同作用,显著增强固定相的手性识别能力,使其在电色谱中展现出对氨基酸、酒石酸美托洛尔等不同类别手性药物的优异拆分能力,从而可应用于药物手性拆分领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分析化学领域,具体涉及一种MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱及其快速制备方法与应用。
背景技术
手性分离是获得单一对映体的有效手段,已成为当前医药领域的热点和难点。在众多的手性分离技术中,毛细管电色谱(CEC)作为毛细管电泳(CE)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)的混合方法,在手性分离方面已引起越来越多的关注。其中,相对于开管柱和填充柱,整体柱尤其是手性整体柱由于其易于制备、高渗透性、出色的机械稳定性和广泛的pH范围耐受性等优点而作为分离介质,并发展成为分析对映异构体的有效工具。而环糊精(CD)作为目前手性分离热门研究对象之一,CD整体柱的发展越来越受到人们的关注。
目前CD整体柱相关的工作表明,CD功能化整体柱的固定相发展主要有两种方法,其中,两步法是制备CD功能化整体柱的主要方法。通常,两步法的第一步中通过原位共聚制备具有适当孔结构以及活性基团的整体式基质,以提供不同功能的新型功能键,例如醚键、氨基甲酸酯键、尿素键和最近出现的三唑键;然后在第二步中通过功能键将CD键合到整体表面。然而,这两个步骤的过程费力、繁琐、费时,新型键合臂开发困难并且难以控制,并因此导致差的可重复性。为了克服这些限制,开发了一步法,首先在柱外合成可聚合的CD单体,然后通过CD单体和交联剂的原位共聚制备以整体整料,大大简化了制备过程,同时可以引入不同的官能团对CD进行改性以引入特定的相互作用,例如H键、π-π相互作用、偶极-偶极相互作用、空间效应和静电相互作用、以增强手性识别作用。Deng等人(J Chromatogr A.2019,1603: 269-277)通过一锅法连续反应制备了羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)功能化整体毛细管柱,该反应在20 h内制备成功,并可对包括消旋抗胆碱能药、β-肾上腺素能药物、甲哌嗪醇及其中间体等一系列外消旋化合物进行良好的分离。Gu等人(Electrophoresis,2011,32: 2727-2737)首先用超过一天的时间合成了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯键合的β-环糊精(GMA-β-CD)作为新型的合成手性单体,然后通过将GMA-β-CD单体与二甲基丙烯酸乙二酯聚合,在20h内制备了手性整体柱,分离了多种碱性手性化合物。但该类方法往往在引入功能基团的同时削弱了天然环糊精羟基的氢键作用,导致其对一些对映体的拆分能力减弱甚至消失,另外,制备时间过长也严重阻碍了对映分离技术的发展。因此,如何开发一种高对映选择性能的CD整体柱的快速制备方法是一项比较有意义的研究。
桥联环糊精(Bridged cyclodextrins,BCD)是指两个或多个环糊精经功能基团连接起来的有机整体,是一类新型的超分子化合物。桥联环糊精与单环糊精不同,它的多个空腔结构和功能桥基间构成一个有机整体,存在协同作用,具有卓越的空间识别能力,已经在分子识别、传感器方面做了很好的应用。最近,已有研究将BCD引入到色谱分离方面,如Jie等人(J Chromatogr A. 2014,1343: 101-108)利用超过两天的时间在二氧化硅表面经两步法通过表面向上“点击”构建了新一代的三唑桥联双层环糊精手性固定相材料,然后将制备的固定相填充到不锈钢柱中,从而对丹酰基氨基酸、芳基羧酸及类黄酮等手性物进行分离,其对映选择性显著高于单层环糊精固定相。然而,目前对于桥联环糊精的开发较少,尤其是在对映体的分离应用方面,另外BCD的制备过程繁琐,耗费时间过长,并且还没有桥联环糊精整体柱方面的应用。因此,开发一种简单、新型的BCD功能化的整体柱并将其应用于手性分离方面是一项有意义的研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱及其快速制备方法与应用,其将桥联环糊精的高手性识别能力与脲醛整体柱的优良性能相结合,避免了常规手性整体柱的制备繁琐、反应时间过长等缺点,且其制备简单、反应快速,通过功能桥构建环糊精双分子桥联结构,可以充分发挥双分子间以及与桥链的协同作用,显著增强固定相的手性识别能力。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱,其是先将环糊精与配体衍生剂溶于去离子水中,在引发剂的条件下反应生成桥联环糊精,然后加入亲核试剂和可质子化试剂,在催化剂作用下一步聚合制得。
进一步的,所述环糊精为单取代-巯基-β-环糊精(SH-β-CD);所述配体衍生剂为N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA);所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(AIBA);所述亲核试剂为尿素;所述可质子化试剂为质量浓度为33%-37%的甲醛溶液;所述催化剂为0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液。
进一步的,按质量百分比之和为100%计,各原料所占整体柱总质量的百分比为:配体衍生剂(MBA)0.054%-0.13%、环糊精(SH-β-CD)0.67%-1.96%、去离子水16%-22%、引发剂(AIBA)0.085%-0.090%、亲核试剂16%-22%、可质子化试剂45%-54%、催化剂8.9%-9.0%。
所述MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将熔融石英毛细管依次用0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液冲洗30 min,二次蒸馏水冲洗30min,0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液冲洗4 h,二次蒸馏水冲洗30 min,甲醇冲洗30 min,然后在室温、0.4 MPa条件下以氮气干燥30 min;为了将氨基引入毛细管内表面以键合基质,再将体积浓度为50%的氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷甲醇溶液注满毛细管,两端用硅橡胶密封,将毛细管放在60 ℃的水浴锅中水浴加热24 h后,用甲醇冲洗毛细管30 min,然后在70 ℃、0.4 MPa条件下以氮气干燥3 h,得到预处理好的石英毛细管,供进一步使用;
(2)将配体衍生剂、环糊精、引发剂和去离子水加入到离心管中,室温下涡旋振荡20-30min,超声脱气20-30 min,使其形成均匀的溶液,然后放入到60 ℃的水浴锅中反应5-6 h,得到MBA桥联环糊精的水溶液;
(3)将催化剂和亲核试剂加入到步骤(2)得到的水溶液中,室温下涡旋振荡20-30 min,加入可质子化试剂,涡旋振荡1-2 min,然后将其在室温下迅速注入步骤(1)预处理好的石英毛细管柱中,两端密封后浸入65-75 ℃的水浴锅中连续反应20-30 min,反应完成后将制备好的整体柱取出,连接至高压液相色谱溶剂泵,采用甲醇洗去未反应的物质直至压力稳定,于4 ℃温度下保存。
本发明所得MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱可应用于氨基酸、酒石酸美托洛尔等多种不同类别手性药物的分离。
本发明的显著优点在于:
(1)本发明将桥联环糊精与整体柱相结合制备了MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱,其通过功能桥构建的环糊精双分子桥联结构,可以充分发挥双分子间以及与桥链的协同作用,以提高被分离物质在手性整体柱中的保留,从而显著提升了整体柱的手性分离性能;
(2)本发明手性整体柱的制备过程简单,反应条件温和,通过一步热缩聚法可以在30min内快速制备;
(3)本发明制备的手性整体柱可以实现对氨基酸、酒石酸美托洛尔等多种不同类别手性药物的分离。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所制备MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的扫描电镜图(a为700倍,b、c分别为2000倍);
图2为实施例1所制备MBA桥联环糊精的核磁氢谱图;
图3为实施例1所制备MBA桥联环糊精的核磁碳谱图;
图4为SH-β-CD、MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱、非桥联整体柱和CD整体柱的红外图谱(a为SH-β-CD、b为CD整体柱、c为非桥联整体柱、d为MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱);
图5为整体柱的手性分离色谱图(A为CD整体柱、B为非桥联整体柱、C为MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱,1为N-CBZ-天冬氨酸、2为DL-苯丙氨酸、3为N-乙酰-苯丙氨酸、4为DL-丝氨酸、5为DL-酪氨酸、6为酒石酸美托洛尔、7为RS-(+)-(4-甲氧基苯)乙胺)。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1 MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)将熔融石英毛细管依次用0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液冲洗30 min,二次蒸馏水冲洗30min,0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液冲洗4 h,二次蒸馏水冲洗30 min,甲醇冲洗30 min,然后在室温、0.4 MPa条件下以氮气干燥30 min;为了将氨基引入毛细管内表面以键合基质,再将体积浓度为50%的氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷甲醇溶液注满毛细管,两端用硅橡胶密封,将毛细管放在60 ℃的水浴锅中水浴加热24 h后,用甲醇冲洗毛细管30 min,然后在70 ℃、0.4 MPa条件下以氮气干燥3 h,得到预处理好的石英毛细管,供进一步使用;
(2)准确称取1mg MBA、14.93 mg SH-β-CD、1 mg AIBA和200 mg去离子水加入到离心管中,室温下涡旋振荡20 min,超声脱气20 min,使其形成均匀的溶液,然后放入到60 ℃的水浴锅中反应6 h,得到MBA桥联环糊精的水溶液(表征如图2);
(3)将100 mg 0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液和200 mg尿素加入到步骤(2)得到的水溶液中,室温下涡旋振荡20 min,加入600 mg质量浓度为33%-37%的甲醛溶液,涡旋振荡1 min,然后将其在室温下迅速注入步骤(1)预处理好的石英毛细管柱中,两端密封后浸入75 ℃的水浴锅中连续反应30 min,反应完成后将制备好的整体柱取出,连接至高压液相色谱溶剂泵,采用甲醇洗去未反应的物质直至压力稳定,得柱C。
实施例2
将实施例1步骤(2)中去离子水的加入量替换为250 mg,步骤(3)中尿素的加入量替换为250 mg尿素,甲醛溶液的加入量替换为500 mg,其他步骤如实施例1,可得柱A。
实施例3
将实施例1步骤(2)中去离子水的加入量替换为225 mg,步骤(3)中尿素的加入量替换为225 mg尿素,甲醛溶液的加入量替换为450 mg,其他步骤如实施例1,可得柱B。
实施例4
将实施例1步骤(2)中去离子水的加入量替换为175 mg,步骤(3)中尿素的加入量替换为175 mg尿素,甲醛溶液的加入量替换为650 mg,其他步骤如实施例1,可得柱D。
实施例5
将实施例1步骤(2)中MBA的加入量替换为0.5 mg,SH-β-CD的加入量替换为7.47 mg,其他步骤如实施例1,可得柱E。
实施例6
将实施例1步骤(2)中MBA的加入量替换为1.5 mg,SH-β-CD的加入量替换为21.98 mg,其他步骤如实施例1,可得柱F。
整体柱的背压和渗透性测定
测定不同配方下所得MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的背压和渗透性,结果如表1所示,柱C的渗透性良好。
表1 MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的制备条件优化表
应用实施例1
以14.93 mg SH-β-CD、200 mg水、200 mg尿素、600 mg质量浓度为33%~37%的甲醛溶液和100 mg 0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液混合制备CD手性整体柱,以1 mg MBA、14.93 mg SH-β-CD、200 mg水、200 mg尿素、600 mg质量浓度为33%~37%的甲醛溶液和100 mg 0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液直接混合制备非桥联手性整体柱,然后与实施例1制备的MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱以及SH-β-CD分别进行红外光谱测试,结果如图4所示。
由图4可见,三种整体柱在1030 cm-1和3313 cm-1位置都有明显的环糊精特征峰,另外MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的红外图谱在2550 cm-1处巯基峰的消失,表明MBA桥联环糊精的成功合成,并且成功键合到脲醛基质整体柱上,说明本发明方法可成功实现MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的成功制备。
应用实施例2
考察实施例1得到的手性整体柱(C)对N-CBZ-天冬氨酸、N-乙酰-苯丙氨酸、DL-酪氨酸、DL-苯丙氨酸、DL-丝氨酸、酒石酸美托洛尔和RS-(+)-(4-甲氧基苯)乙胺等七种手性药物的手性分离能力,并将其与CD手性整体柱(A)和非桥联手性整体柱(B)进行对比。所用色谱条件为:(1)N-CBZ-天冬氨酸:甲酸铵:乙腈=20:80,pH4.0,-5kV;(2)DL-苯丙氨酸:甲酸铵:乙腈=40:60,pH4.0,-10kV;(3)N-乙酰-苯丙氨酸:甲酸铵:乙腈=40:60,pH4.0,-5kV;(4)DL-丝氨酸:甲酸铵:乙腈=1:99,pH3.5,-20 kV;(5)DL-酪氨酸:甲酸铵:乙腈=30:70,pH4.0,+5kV;(6)酒石酸美托洛尔:甲酸铵:乙腈=10:90,pH3.5,-18 kV;(7)RS-(+)-(4-甲氧基苯)乙胺:甲酸铵:乙腈=10:90,pH3.5,0 kV。其他条件:盐浓度:10mmol/L;反压阀:1000psi;流速:0.1mL/min;检测波长:214 nm,分离色谱图如图5所示。
由图5结果可见,本发明MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱相较于CD手性整体柱和非桥联手性整体柱展现了对氨基酸、酒石酸美托洛尔等不同类别药物更加优异的手性拆分能力。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱,其特征在于:所述整体柱是先将环糊精与配体衍生剂溶于去离子水中,在引发剂的条件下反应生成桥联环糊精,然后加入亲核试剂和可质子化试剂,在催化剂作用下一步聚合制得。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱,其特征在于:所述环糊精为单取代-巯基-β-环糊精;所述配体衍生剂为N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺;所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐;所述亲核试剂为尿素;所述可质子化试剂为质量浓度为33%-37%的甲醛溶液;所述催化剂为0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱,其特征在于:按质量百分比之和为100%计,各原料所占整体柱总质量的百分比为:配体衍生剂0.054%-0.13%、环糊精0.67%-1.96%、去离子水16%-22%、引发剂0.085%-0.090%、亲核试剂16%-22%、可质子化试剂45%-54%、催化剂8.9%-9.0%。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将熔融石英毛细管依次用0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液冲洗30 min,二次蒸馏水冲洗30min,0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液冲洗4 h,二次蒸馏水冲洗30 min,甲醇冲洗30 min,然后在室温、0.4 MPa条件下以氮气干燥30 min;再将体积浓度为50%的氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷甲醇溶液注满毛细管,两端用硅橡胶密封,将毛细管放在60 ℃的水浴锅中水浴加热24 h后,用甲醇冲洗毛细管30 min,然后在70 ℃、0.4 MPa条件下以氮气干燥3 h,得到预处理好的石英毛细管;
(2)将配体衍生剂、环糊精、引发剂和去离子水加入到离心管中,室温下涡旋振荡20-30min,超声脱气20-30 min,使其形成均匀的溶液,然后放入到60 ℃的水浴锅中反应5-6 h,得到桥联环糊精的水溶液;
(3)将催化剂和亲核试剂加入到步骤(2)得到的水溶液中,室温下涡旋振荡20-30 min,加入可质子化试剂,涡旋振荡1-2 min,然后将其在室温下迅速注入步骤(1)预处理好的石英毛细管柱中,两端密封后浸入65-75 ℃的水浴锅中连续反应20-30 min,反应完成后将制备好的整体柱取出,连接至高压液相色谱溶剂泵,采用甲醇洗去未反应的物质直至压力稳定,于4 ℃温度下保存。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的MBA桥联环糊精功能化手性整体柱在手性药物分离中的应用。
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