CN110776960A - 一种粗燃气净化工艺 - Google Patents

一种粗燃气净化工艺 Download PDF

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CN110776960A
CN110776960A CN201910937976.4A CN201910937976A CN110776960A CN 110776960 A CN110776960 A CN 110776960A CN 201910937976 A CN201910937976 A CN 201910937976A CN 110776960 A CN110776960 A CN 110776960A
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龚佰勋
陈洪一
黎莉
邓旺明
韦彦秀
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Shenzhen Longcheng High Tech Environmental Protection Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种粗燃气净化工艺，主要适用于生活垃圾热解气化过程产生的粗燃气的净化提质。粗燃气中污染物去除的先后顺序为：灰尘、焦油、酸碱性气体、深度除尘，粗燃气净化工艺流程主要为：高温旋风除尘+换热+文丘里旋风除尘+喷淋塔+布袋除尘器。粗燃气先经高温旋风除尘器去除绝大部分灰尘，随后回收热量。换热后的粗燃气进入文丘里旋风除尘器，去除灰尘、焦油等。除尘、除焦后的粗燃气进入喷淋塔，去除HCl、H2S和NH3等酸碱性气体。布袋除尘器作为保障环节可有效控制燃气中的粉尘浓度。工艺中产生的废水进入粗燃气洗涤废水处理系统，产生的灰渣进行填埋处理。粗燃气经该工艺处理后，品质将极大提升，可满足后续内燃发电要求。该工艺具有针对性强、效果好、成本低等优点。

Description

一种粗燃气净化工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及燃气净化提质技术领域，特别涉及一种生活垃圾热解气化过程产生的粗燃气的净化工艺。
背景技术
垃圾焚烧是将有机废物通过氧化燃烧的方式处理，减量化、无害化效果显著。在城市用地普遍紧缺的背景下，焚烧技术在我国得到了广泛的应用。但是，垃圾焚烧技术仍然存在着一些难以解决的问题：1）、二次污染严重，焚烧过程产生的气体污染物、二噁英、飞灰、炉渣等一直是处理的难点；2）能量转换效率偏低，我国垃圾焚烧厂的平均发电效率仅有14.6%。热解气化技术被认为是更加清洁、高效的固废热处理技术，热解气化过程中对环境氧气含量的控制避免了二噁英的产生，热解气化的终产物粗燃气具有较高的热值，经净化处理后可直接进入内燃发电机发电，能量转换效率可达30%。粗燃气的主要成分是CO、H2及CH4，污染成分主要有：粉尘、HCl、H2S、NH3及少量焦油等。为满足内燃发电机的进气要求，需要将粗燃气中的污染成分去除。热解气化技术是创新的垃圾热处理技术，粗燃气的净化工艺目前鲜有报道。专利CN105525478B提供了一种电旋风光电晕生物质气化粗燃气净化装置与方法，但该方法仅对粗燃气中的焦油和粉尘具有去除作用，对粗燃气中酸碱性气体等的净化并未提及。
本发明专利拟解决生活垃圾热解气化过程中粗燃气的净化问题，为粗燃气净化提质提供一种有效的处理工艺。
发明内容
粗燃气中污染物去除的先后顺序为：灰尘、焦油、酸碱性气体、深度除尘，粗燃气净化工艺流程主要为：高温旋风除尘+换热+文丘里旋风除尘+喷淋塔+布袋除尘器。
粗燃气产生于热解器和气化器，温度高达800℃~850℃，携带有较多粉尘，先经高温旋风除尘器去除绝大部分灰尘。除尘后的粗燃气进入换热系统，回收热量。
文丘里旋风处理器结合文氏管和旋风除尘器的优点，主要去除粗燃气中的灰尘、焦油及部分酸碱性气体等。气体和液体在文氏管喉口处混合，经过文氏管后的气体经过自然沉降和旋风除尘器去除杂质。文丘里旋风除尘器的进气温度约为100℃，出口温度约为70℃。
喷淋塔主要用于去除HCl、H2S和NH3等酸、碱性气体，采用水和NaOH溶液作为吸收剂，喷淋塔的进口温度为70℃，出口温度低于40℃；布袋除尘器作为保障环节，采用聚四氟乙烯材质的滤袋，可有效控制燃气中的粉尘浓度。粗燃气经该工艺处理后，品质将极大提升，可满足后续内燃发电要求。
净化工艺中产生的废水进入粗燃气洗涤废水处理系统，产生的灰渣进行填埋处理。
该工艺针对粗燃气中的灰尘、焦油和酸碱性气体分别设置净化环节，具有针对性强、效果好、成本低等优点。
附图说明
图1为粗燃气洗涤废水的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图1对本发明做进一步详细描述。与本工艺配套的生活垃圾热解气化工艺中，热解、气化环节分别在两个反应装置内进行，热解产生的焦油在气化器的高温环境（1000~1200℃）下大幅分解，转化为可燃气体，因此，该工艺中的粗燃气焦油含量极低。
粗燃气由气化器的出口导出首先进入高温旋风除尘器，去除大部分的灰尘。除尘后的粗燃气温度约为800℃左右，热量较高，进入换热器对气化剂进行预热，随后进入热解器的内、外夹套对热解器加热，充分回收粗燃气中的热量。换热后的粗燃气温度降低至100℃左右，经引风机引入文丘里旋风除尘器，在文氏管内与水充分混合，进入文丘里旋风除尘器的主体部分，经自然沉降分离部分重质粉尘和焦油，再进入旋风除尘器进一步去除粉尘和焦油，同时将温度降低至约70℃。经除尘和除焦处理后，粗燃气进入喷淋塔，喷淋塔设置两级，一级以水做吸收剂；一级以NaOH溶液做吸收剂，用于去除粗燃气中的HCl、H2S和NH3等酸碱性气体。经喷淋塔处理后，粗燃气的温度由70℃下降至约40℃，最后进入布袋除尘器，作为保障环节进一步降低灰尘浓度。该工艺中产生的废水收集后进入粗燃气洗涤废水处理系统处理，高温旋风除尘器产生的灰渣进入气化器的灰渣仓，布袋除尘器产生的灰渣进行填埋处理。

Claims (8)

1.一种粗燃气净化工艺，主要适用于生活垃圾热解气化过程产生的粗燃气的净化提质，粗燃气中污染物去除的先后顺序为：灰尘、焦油、酸碱性气体、深度除尘。
2.如权利要求1所述的粗燃气净化工艺的流程主要为：高温旋风除尘+换热+文丘里旋风除尘+喷淋塔+布袋除尘器。
3.如权利要求2所述的高温旋风除尘器设置在气化器的出口，用于去除粗燃气中的灰尘，操作温度为800℃~850℃，高温旋风除尘器分离出的灰尘进入气化器灰渣仓。
4.如权利要求2所述的换热环节，除尘后的粗燃气温度较高，分别对气化剂、热解器进行加热，回收热量，温度由800℃左右降低至100℃左右。
5.如权利要求2所述的文丘里旋风除尘器，结合文氏管和旋风除尘器的优点，主要去除粗燃气中的灰尘、焦油及部分酸碱性气体，气、液在文氏管喉口处混合，随后经过自然沉降和旋风除尘器去除杂质。
6.如权利要求2所述的喷淋塔，喷淋塔设置两级，一级以水做吸收剂；一级以NaOH溶液做吸收剂，用于去除粗燃气中的HCl、H2S和NH3等。
7.如权利要求2所述的布袋除尘器，采用聚四氟乙烯材质的滤袋，作为保障环节进一步降低灰尘浓度，产生的灰渣进行填埋处理。
8.如权利要求1所述的粗燃气净化工艺中产生的废水进入粗燃气洗涤废水处理系统。
CN201910937976.4A 2019-09-30 2019-09-30 一种粗燃气净化工艺 Pending CN110776960A (zh)

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