CN110767962B - Circular waveguide TM11Mode exciter - Google Patents

Circular waveguide TM11Mode exciter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110767962B
CN110767962B CN201911044876.5A CN201911044876A CN110767962B CN 110767962 B CN110767962 B CN 110767962B CN 201911044876 A CN201911044876 A CN 201911044876A CN 110767962 B CN110767962 B CN 110767962B
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waveguide
mode
coupling
probe
excitation
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CN110767962A (en
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吴泽威
王敏行
蒲友雷
蒋伟
罗勇
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/163—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion specifically adapted for selection or promotion of the TE01 circular-electric mode

Abstract

The invention discloses a circular waveguide TM11Mode exciter of mode belongs to high-power millimeter wave test technical field. The mode exciter comprises a power dividing structure, a coupling excitation structure and an output structure. TE10After passing through the power division structure, the mode is divided into two groups of TE with equal amplitude and 180-degree phase difference10The mode reaches the coupling end. At the coupling end, two sets of rectangular waveguides TE10The mode is efficiently coupled by the two coupling probes of the coupling excitation structure to enter the ridge gap waveguide, is converted into two groups of ridge gap waveguide quasi-TEM modes with equal amplitude and 180-degree phase difference, is respectively transmitted to the two excitation probes by the ridge gap waveguide, and is excited at the excitation end of the output structure through the excitation probes to form a group of TEM waves with equal amplitude and opposite phase. The group of TEM waves become circular waveguide TM after vector synthesis11And the mode is output from the circular waveguide transmission link through the output port. The mode exciter of the invention can generate circular waveguide TM in broadband11And the mode has high purity, small transmission loss and compact structure, and is favorable for system integration.

Description

Circular waveguide TM11Mode exciter
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-power millimeter wave test, and particularly relates to a method for generating circular waveguide (TM)11Mode exciters of the mode.
Background
The gyrotron traveling wave tube has the characteristics of high gain, wide frequency band, high power and the like, and has very wide application prospect in the fields of imaging radar, millimeter wave communication systems, electronic countermeasure, microwave weapons and the like. Common working mode TE of gyrotron traveling wave tube01The mode is not suitable for being directly used as a radiation mode of a feed source and needs to be converted into a Gaussian beam. Currently, it is common to implement circular waveguide TE01Mode-wise Gaussian beam or Gaussian-like field HE11The mode conversion sequence of the mode has the following two modes: TE01→TE11→HE11And TE01→TM11→HE11. Using TM as compared with the former conversion sequence11The translation sequence as a mediation mode has significant advantages in terms of operating bandwidth and structural volume. This is because TE01And TM11The circular waveguides are in degenerate mode with each other, and the coupling capacity of the circular waveguides and the circular waveguides is strong. Thus, using TM11The conversion sequence as an intermediary mode is favored in broadband high-power millimeter wave system applications. In addition, TM11The mode also serves as a mode of operation in convoluted self-resonating pulse plug (CARM) systems such as convoluted oscillatory tubes and convoluted counter-wave oscillatory tubes. In order to test the performance of the developed high-power millimeter wave mode conversion link or high-power oscillation source component, a corresponding low-power mode exciter must be developed, and a performance test is carried out on a single transmission device. Thus, high performance TM was developed11Mode exciters are of great importance for high power millimeter wave applications.
At present, researchers at home and abroad generate TM indirectly mainly by a mode conversion method11Mode, rather than directly outputting the signal source out of the rectangular waveguide TE10Mode conversion into circular waveguide TM11And (5) molding. Manfred thumb proposes a TM based on an over-mode waveguide bend11Pattern generation method (' Optimized overlapped TE)01-to-TM11mode converters for high-power Millimeter wave applications at 70 and 140 GHz ", int.J. Infrered and Millimeter Waves, vol.7, No.10,1986). The method can efficiently realize the TE of the circular waveguide by optimizing the turning angle of the waveguide elbow01Mode to TM11And (4) converting the mode. Later researchers such as the Amit Patel ("High power millimeter-wave TE03 to TM11 mode converters”,Int.J. Electronics,vol.106, No.8,2019) and Zewei Wu ("student of a 90-degree TE)01-TM11overlarized mode converter ", int. vacc. electronics conf.2018) basically also follows this design approach.The method can effectively make the circular waveguide TE01Conversion of mode into TM11Mode(s). But provided that a rectangular waveguide TE is required for outputting the signal source10Mode conversion to circular waveguide TE01And (5) molding. Therefore, the method adopting two-stage transformation has the problems of complex system, high processing cost, low conversion efficiency and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
For existing TM11The invention provides a novel circular waveguide TM, which has the problems of long conversion link, difficult compact application, large link integral error and the like of a mode converter11A mode exciter.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
circular waveguide TM11The mode exciter comprises a power dividing structure, a coupling excitation structure and an output structure.
The power dividing structure is a one-to-two power divider based on rectangular waveguide, an input port of the power dividing structure is a standard rectangular waveguide and is connected with a rectangular waveguide transmission line, two output ends of the power dividing structure are rectangular waveguide coupling ends with tail ends sealed by short circuit walls, probe empty windows are arranged on E-plane waveguide walls of the rectangular waveguide coupling ends, and coupling probes are inserted into the rectangular waveguide coupling ends through the probe empty windows.
The coupling excitation structure comprises two ridge gap waveguides, and a coupling probe and an excitation probe which are respectively arranged at two ends of the ridge gap waveguides.
The output structure is a circular waveguide with one end sealed by a short circuit wall, a probe hollow window is arranged on the short circuit wall, an excitation probe is inserted into the output structure through the probe hollow window, and the other end of the circular waveguide is an output port and is connected with a circular waveguide transmission link.
Further, the one-to-two power divider based on the rectangular waveguide comprises a T-shaped junction of an E surface of the rectangular waveguide, a gradual change section and a turning structure based on a standard rectangular waveguide. The rectangular waveguide E-surface T-shaped junction comprises an input port, two output ports and a matching wedge; the input port is a standard rectangular waveguide and is connected with a rectangular waveguide transmission line; the two output ports are non-standard rectangular waveguides and are connected with the turning structure through transition sections; the matching wedge is an equilateral triangle and is positioned in the center of the bottom of the T-shaped knot on the E surface, so that the matching of the output port and the input port is realized. The turning structure is composed of a rectangular waveguide elbow and a straight waveguide which are symmetrically arranged, and the tail end of the turning structure is provided with two opposite coupling ends. The coupling end is a rectangular waveguide with one end closed by a short-circuit wall, and a probe hollow window is arranged on the E-surface waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide coupling end.
The ridge gap waveguide can conduct a quasi-TEM mode, the coupling probe is trapezoidal and is connected with the ridge of the ridge gap waveguide, and the coupling probe is inserted into the coupling end of the power division structure through the probe hollow window to realize TE of the rectangular waveguide10Efficient conversion of modes to ridge-gap waveguide quasi-TEM modes. The excitation probe is also trapezoidal in shape and is connected to the ridge of the ridge gap waveguide. To ensure mechanical strength, the thickness of the probe should be greater than 0.5 mm.
The output structure is used for converting high-purity circular waveguide TM11The mode is input into a circular waveguide transmission line. To suppress higher order modes, TM is implemented11The radius R of the output port should satisfy:
Figure BDA0002253867360000031
wherein, P11Is the first zero point, f, of a Bessel function of order 1cAt the lowest operating frequency, μ is the permeability and ε is the dielectric constant.
Circular waveguide TM of the invention11The mode exciter works as follows:
when a pair of TEM modes with equal amplitude and 180-degree phase difference are excited simultaneously, the field distribution of the synthesized field is equal to TM11The fields of the modes have a high degree of uniformity. Thus, the TM is excited by a pair of probes that can produce a constant-amplitude, reversed-phase TEM mode11The mode is possible.
TE transmitted by rectangular waveguide transmission line10After passing through the reverse power division structure, the mode is divided into two groups of TE with equal amplitude and 180-degree phase difference10The mode reaches the coupling end. At the coupling end, two groups of rectangular waveguides TE with equal amplitude and opposite phase10Two of the modes being respectively coupled to the excitation structureThe coupling probes are efficiently coupled into the ridge gap waveguide from the rectangular waveguide, are converted into two groups of ridge gap waveguide quasi-TEM modes with equal amplitude and 180-degree phase difference, are respectively transmitted to two excitation probes by the ridge gap waveguide, and excite a group of equal-amplitude and opposite-phase TEM waves at an excitation end of an output structure through the excitation probes. The group of TEM waves become circular waveguide TM after vector synthesis11And the mode is output from the circular waveguide transmission link through the output port.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. TM of the invention11The mode exciter can generate a circular waveguide TM in a wide band11And the mode has high purity and low transmission loss.
2. TM of the invention11The mode exciter has compact structure, can be directly connected with a rectangular waveguide transmission link or a circular waveguide transmission link, and is beneficial to the integration of a system.
3. TM of the invention11The mode exciter can flexibly adjust the length of the conducting structure according to the assembly requirement, and the universality is high.
4. TM of the invention11The mode exciter is of an all-metal structure, and is simple in structure, low in cost, easy to process and convenient to assemble.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TM of the present invention11The structure of an embodiment of the mode exciter.
FIG. 2 is a TM of the present invention11A cross-sectional block diagram of an embodiment of a mode exciter.
FIG. 3 is a TM of the present invention11The mode exciter is coupled with the cross-section structure diagram of the excitation device.
FIG. 4 is a TM of the present invention11Transmission profile of the mode exciter.
FIG. 5 is a TM of the present invention11TM of mode exciter11Purity profile.
The reference numbers illustrate: the waveguide structure comprises a power division structure 1, a coupling excitation structure 2, an output structure 3, a waveguide flange 4, an E-surface T-shaped junction input port 5, an E-surface T-shaped junction output port 6, a matching wedge 7, a turning structure 8, a rectangular waveguide elbow 9, a power division structure coupling end 10, a ridge gap waveguide 11, a coupling probe 12, an excitation probe 13, an output structure excitation end 14, an output port 15, a positioning pin 16, a ridge of the ridge gap waveguide 17 and an electromagnetic band gap structure 18.
Detailed Description
The following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the round waveguide TM is in Ka band11The mode exciters are examples to describe embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, an all-metal structure Ka-band circular waveguide TM11And the mode exciter is made of hard aluminum alloy in order to ensure the structural strength of the mode exciter. The mode exciter consists of a power dividing structure 1, a coupling excitation structure 2 and an output structure 3 and is connected with a circular waveguide transmission link through a waveguide flange 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the power dividing structure 1 is a one-to-two power divider based on rectangular waveguide, and is composed of a set of metal cover plates symmetrically arranged. The inner cavity between the metal cover plates forms a rectangular waveguide wave guide structure which comprises a rectangular waveguide E surface T-shaped junction, a gradual transition section and a turning structure 8 based on standard rectangular waveguide. The rectangular waveguide E surface T-shaped junction structure comprises a Ka waveband standard rectangular waveguide input port 5, two non-standard rectangular waveguide output ports 6 and an equilateral triangle matching wedge 7 with the side length of 0.8 mm. The non-standard rectangular waveguide output port 6 is 7.112mm multiplied by 2mm in size, 5mm in length and connected with the turning structure 8 through a linear gradual transition section with the length of 12 mm. The matching wedge is positioned in the center of the bottom of the T-shaped junction of the E surface. The turning structure 8 is a geometrical structure based on a Ka waveband standard rectangular waveguide, and the sectional dimension of the waveguide is 7.112mm multiplied by 3.556 mm. The turning structure 8 is composed of 4 rectangular waveguide bends 9 and straight waveguides, and the tail ends of the turning structure are two opposite coupling ends 10. Wherein the turning radius of the rectangular waveguide elbow 9 is 4.5mm, and the length of the straight waveguide is 16 mm. The coupling end 10 is a rectangular waveguide closed at one end by a short-circuit wall. And a rectangular probe hollow window with the length of 2.2mm, the width of 1.8mm and the thickness of 1mm is arranged on the E-surface waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide coupling end 10.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the coupling excitation structure 2 is externally a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and includes two symmetrically disposed blocksMetal structures and rectangular metal flat plates located between the metal structures. The metal structure is processed to form the bottom plates of the two ridge gap waveguides 11, and the bottom plates and the metal flat plate serving as the cover plate of the ridge gap waveguides 11 form a complete ridge gap waveguide structure. In the present embodiment, the ridge gap waveguide 11 has a length of 30mm and a width of 28mm, and the ridge 17 has a width of 2.5 mm. The electromagnetic bandgap structure 18 of the ridge gap waveguide 11 is cylindrical, the radius of the electromagnetic bandgap structure is 1.4mm, the period of the electromagnetic bandgap structure is 5mm, the heights of the ridge 17 and the electromagnetic bandgap structure 18 are both 2mm, and the distance between the ridge 17 and the cover plate is 0.6 mm. The coupling probe 12 is of a trapezoidal structure, the upper bottom is 2.5mm, the lower bottom is 3.5mm, the length is 2mm, and the thickness is 0.5 mm. The coupling probe 12 is connected with the ridge 17 of the ridge gap waveguide 11 and is inserted into the coupling end 10 of the power dividing structure 1 through the probe hollow window, the geometric center of the cross section of the probe is coincident with that of the cross section of the probe hollow window, and the rectangular waveguide TE is realized10Efficient conversion of modes to ridge-gap waveguide quasi-TEM modes. The excitation probe 13 is also trapezoidal and is connected to the ridge 17 of the ridge gap waveguide, and its dimensions are: the upper bottom is 2.5mm, the lower bottom is 4.5mm, the length is 6.2mm, and the thickness is 0.6 mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the output structure 3 is a circular waveguide structure, and includes an excitation port 14 and an output port 15. The excitation end 14 is a circular waveguide with one end closed by a short-circuit wall, and a probe hollow window with the length of 2.2mm, the width of 1.8mm and the thickness of 1mm is arranged on the short-circuit wall. An excitation probe 13 coupled to the excitation structure 2 is inserted into an excitation end 14 of the output structure 3 through a probe aperture, and the geometric center of the cross section of the probe coincides with the geometric center of the cross section of the probe aperture. The output port 15 is a circular waveguide port, is connected with a circular waveguide transmission link, and is used for connecting a high-purity circular waveguide TM11The mode is output into a circular waveguide transmission line. To suppress higher order modes, TM is implemented11The radius of the output port is selected to be 7.3 mm.
In order to ensure the assembly accuracy of the embodiment, a positioning pin 16 is arranged between the power dividing structure 1 and the coupling excitation structure 2.
Fig. 4 shows the transmission curve of the present embodiment. Analysis of the curve shows that S of the embodiment is within the working frequency band range of 26GHz to 36GHz21The parameters are all greater than-0.25 dB, illustrating the transmission efficiency of the embodimentThe device has high overall working efficiency of more than 95%.
Fig. 5 shows a graph of the present embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the output port TM is within the operating frequency band of 26GHz to 36GHz11The modal purity was greater than 98.8%.
In summary, the TM of the present embodiment11Mode exciter implements TM11The mode is excited in Ka wave band with high efficiency and high purity, and has excellent performance.
The above examples are merely for convenience of illustration of the present invention, which is equally applicable to TM in other frequency bands11Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made in the mode exciter that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. Circular waveguide TM11The mode exciter comprises a power dividing structure, a coupling excitation structure and an output structure;
the power dividing structure is a one-to-two power divider based on rectangular waveguide, the input port of the power dividing structure is standard rectangular waveguide, and TE is transmitted10The two output ends of the rectangular waveguide transmission lines are rectangular waveguide coupling ends with the tail ends closed by short circuit walls, probe empty windows are arranged on E-plane waveguide walls of the rectangular waveguide coupling ends, and coupling probes are inserted into the rectangular waveguide coupling ends through the probe empty windows;
the coupling excitation structure comprises two ridge gap waveguides, and a coupling probe and an excitation probe which are respectively arranged at two ends of the ridge gap waveguides;
the output structure is a circular waveguide with one end sealed by a short circuit wall, a probe hollow window is arranged on the short circuit wall, an excitation probe is inserted into the output structure through the probe hollow window, and the other end of the circular waveguide is a circular waveguide output port and is connected with a circular waveguide transmission link.
2. A circular waveguide TM as claimed in claim 111The mode exciter is characterized in that the one-to-two power divider based on the rectangular waveguide comprisesThe rectangular waveguide E surface T-shaped junction, the gradual change section and the turning structure based on the standard rectangular waveguide; the rectangular waveguide E-surface T-shaped junction comprises an input port, two power divider output ports and a matching wedge; the input port is a standard rectangular waveguide and is connected with a rectangular waveguide transmission line; the output ports of the two power dividers are non-standard rectangular waveguides and are connected with the turning structure through transition sections; the matching wedge is an equilateral triangle and is positioned in the center of the bottom of the T-shaped knot on the E surface, so that the matching of the output port and the input port of the power divider is realized; the turning structure consists of a rectangular waveguide elbow and a straight waveguide which are symmetrically arranged, and the tail end of the turning structure is provided with two opposite coupling ends; the coupling end is a rectangular waveguide with one end closed by a short-circuit wall, and a probe hollow window is arranged on the E-surface waveguide wall of the rectangular waveguide coupling end.
3. A circular waveguide TM as claimed in claim 111The mode exciter is characterized in that the ridge gap waveguide is used for conducting a quasi-TEM mode, the coupling probe is trapezoidal and is connected with the ridge of the ridge gap waveguide, and the coupling probe is inserted into the coupling end of the power division structure through the probe hollow window to realize TE of the rectangular waveguide10Efficient conversion of a mode and a ridge gap waveguide quasi-TEM mode; the excitation probe is also trapezoidal in shape and is connected to the ridge of the ridge gap waveguide.
4. A circular waveguide TM as claimed in claim 111Mode exciter, characterised in that the thickness of the excitation probe and the coupling probe is greater than 0.5 mm.
5. A circular waveguide TM as claimed in claim 111Mode exciter, characterised in that the output structure is a high-purity circular waveguide TM11In the mode input circular waveguide transmission line, the radius R of a circular waveguide output port meets the following requirements:
Figure FDA0003109751530000021
wherein, P11Is a Bessel function of order 1First zero point of (f)cAt the lowest operating frequency, μ is the permeability and ε is the dielectric constant.
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