CN110707438A

CN110707438A - Ka-band low-consumption compact feed network

Info

Publication number: CN110707438A
Application number: CN201910985693.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苏*; � 苏; 凌元; 潘高峰; 毛南平; 张国歌; 张鹏; 丁冉; 刘向前; 胡湘江
Original assignee: Chinese People's Liberation Army 63686
Current assignee: Chinese People's Liberation Army 63686
Priority date: 2019-10-17
Filing date: 2019-10-17
Publication date: 2020-01-17

Abstract

The invention relates to a Ka-band low-consumption compact feed network, which comprises a waveguide caliber transformation, four E-bend waveguides, an E-surface single T and two E-surface variation single Ts, wherein the waveguide caliber transformation is sequentially connected with the two E-bend waveguides and the E-surface single T to form a 1: 2 synthesis/distributor, and the waveguide caliber transformation forms a waveguide input port; one end of each of the other two E-shaped curved waveguides is connected with two ends of the E-shaped surface single T, the other end of each of the other two E-shaped curved waveguides is connected with two E-shaped surface variable single T to form a 2-path 1: 2 synthesis/distributor, and the two E-shaped surface variable single T form four output ports; the quartering synthesizer/distributor for transforming the waveguide aperture to the E-plane mutation single T is formed by cascading. The invention realizes the synthesis/distribution function of the network by the variation of E-plane T and E-plane single T, and realizes the broadband characteristic of T by adjusting the matching mode of the E-plane T and the E-plane single T.

Description

Ka-band low-consumption compact feed network

Technical Field

The invention relates to a Ka-band low-consumption compact feed network. Belongs to the technical field of microwave.

Background

The millimeter wave frequency band is a main frequency band for the development of the current military electronic technology and is widely applied to the aspects of missile precision guidance, radar, secret communication, electronic countermeasure and testing technology and the like. In order to obtain larger output power, a power synthesis technology is required in engineering, and a plurality of active amplifiers are connected in parallel to be synthesized and output. In the power synthesis process, the synthesis mode is an important factor for determining indexes such as high-power output efficiency, synthesis complexity and the like. At present, the commonly used synthesis methods mainly include circuit synthesis of a binary structure, free space power synthesis, circuit synthesis of a waveguide structure, and the like. The space power synthesis modeling and design are complex, and the heat dissipation is difficult; the circuit synthesis mode based on the microstrip structure has large loss and low synthesis efficiency; the circuit synthesis mode of the waveguide structure has the advantages of low loss, high synthesis efficiency and good heat dissipation. Therefore, in recent years, research has been conducted on power combiners with waveguide structures by various scientific research institutes at home and abroad, and it can be said that a power combiner feed network is one of the most important components of a radar antenna array surface, and the performance of the power combiner feed network is directly related to the performance of an antenna beam. Millimeter wave radars typically have extremely stringent requirements on the size, weight, and loss of the feed network.

In order to realize a feed network with small loss and high power in a millimeter wave band, the optimal choice is a network form with waveguide components as basic units. The specific implementation mode is formed by cascading parts such as a standard magic T, a wide/narrow-side coupling bridge, a single T, a branch waveguide and the like. These networks have advantages and disadvantages, and the networks using magic T as a unit have large volume and heavy weight; networks with wide/narrow side coupled cells can achieve arbitrarily weighted networks but are too bulky.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a Ka-band low-consumption compact feed network aiming at the prior art, which is formed by combining a variant E-plane T with an E-plane single T in a graded manner, and realizes the switching on and off of any microwave signals in a tiny space under the characteristic of high voltage resistance.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a Ka-waveband low-consumption compact feed network comprises a waveguide caliber transformation, four E-bend waveguides, an E-surface single T and two E-surface variable single Ts, wherein the waveguide caliber transformation is sequentially connected with the two E-bend waveguides and the E-surface single T to form a 1: 2 synthesis/distributor, and the waveguide caliber transformation forms a waveguide input port; one end of each of the other two E-shaped curved waveguides is connected with two ends of the E-shaped surface single T, the other end of each of the other two E-shaped curved waveguides is connected with two E-shaped surface variable single T to form a 2-path 1: 2 synthesis/distributor, and the two E-shaped surface variable single T form four output ports; the quartering synthesizer/distributor for transforming the waveguide aperture to the E-plane mutation single T is formed by cascading.

Preferably, the waveguide caliber transformation is in the form of a gradual impedance transformer, and the caliber of the waveguide is gradually narrowed from the entrance to the inner caliber.

Preferably, the four E-bend waveguide inner cavities adopt a structural form that the outer rings are circular arcs and the inner rings are right angles, so that higher isolation is provided and the self-excitation phenomenon is avoided.

Preferably, the E-surface single T is a standard form element, matching is performed in a mode of combining a matching block and a diaphragm, and the diaphragm is located at the bottom of the E surface of the E-surface single T to ensure TE₁₀The wave propagates unlimitedly and enters the support arm through coupling; the matching block is located opposite the diaphragm and is shaped as a bump to compensate for impedance mismatch due to coupling.

Preferably, the E-plane single T converts the standard E-plane single T2 form lower arm facet transmission mode into coplanar transmission, designs the E-plane single T inner cavity into a Y-shape, and adopts a gradient impedance matching mode.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the broadband synthesis/distribution function is realized: the synthesis/distribution function of the network is realized by the variation of the E-plane T and the E-plane single T, and the broadband characteristic of the T is realized by adjusting the matching mode of the E-plane T and the E-plane single T.

2. The high reliability characteristic is realized: the basic unit of the network is a waveguide element, so that the reliability of the product is greatly improved.

3. The characteristics of compact structure, light weight and easy integration are realized: through the combined use of variant E face T and E face list T, reduced the line size greatly, reduced weight, can satisfy its structural dimension and the weight requirement for unit integrated large-scale network.

4. Low loss characteristics: the low-loss transmission of signals is completed by utilizing the characteristics of low loss, single-mode transmission and high power capacity of the metal waveguide.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a feed network 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a view of the feed network 1 of the invention in fig. 1 from direction a.

Fig. 3 is a view of the feed network 1 of the present invention of fig. 1 in the direction of B.

Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the feed network 1 of fig. 1 according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the E-plane sheet T2 of the feed network 1 of fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of the E-plane mutation units T3 and T4 of the feed network 1 of fig. 2.

Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of the

E-bend waveguides

5, 6, 7, 8 of the feed network 1 of fig. 2 according to the invention.

Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged view of the waveguide aperture change 9 of the feed network 1 of fig. 2.

The following reference numerals are included in the figures:

1. the feed network comprises 2, 3-4E-surface single T, 5-8E-surface single T, 9, waveguide caliber transformation, 10, a matching block, 11 and a diaphragm.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.

As shown in fig. 1, referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4, in order to solve the problems of large size, heavy weight, and large loss of the conventional millimeter wave feed network, the feed network (1) of the present invention uses waveguides as transmission carriers, and adopts half-height waveguides for implementing miniaturization requirements, specifically, uses a variant E-plane T in combination with an E-plane single T to construct a feed network, which includes 1 waveguide aperture transformation 9, 4E-

bend waveguides

5, 6, 7, 8, 1E-plane single T2, and 2E-plane variant single T3, 4, thereby greatly reducing the size and weight, reducing loss, and implementing signal synthesis/distribution. The feed network in this embodiment is a 1: 4 (1: 4) feed network, and is used to realize the synthesis/distribution of Ka-band signals and realize equal-amplitude and equal-phase transmission of signals.

The waveguide caliber transformation 9 is sequentially connected with E-bend waveguides 7 and 8 and an E-surface single T2 to form a 1-path 1: 2 synthesis/distributor, wherein the waveguide caliber transformation 9 forms 1 waveguide input port; one end of each

E-bend waveguide

5 and 6 is connected with two ends of each E-surface single T2, the other end of each E-bend waveguide is connected with each E-surface single T3 and 4 to form a 2-path 1: 2 synthesis/distributor, and 2E-surface single T3 and 4 form 4 ports; a4-division synthesis/distributor for transforming the waveguide aperture from 9 to E-plane mutation single T3, 4 is formed by cascading. The devices have no specific size matching requirement, and the matching mode of the devices is adjusted, so that the electrical performance of the system can be optimized on the basis of meeting the interface requirement of the system and ensuring that the devices are not influenced mutually.

Referring to fig. 4 and 8, the waveguide aperture transformation 9 of the feed network 1 is in the form of a gradual impedance transformer, the aperture gradually narrows from the waveguide entrance to the inner aperture, and there is no abrupt change in size in structure, which is beneficial to working under high power, can be applied in an extremely wide frequency range, and has better broadband matching performance. By adjusting the length of the gradual change line and the size of the mouth surface, the electrical property in the shortest distance is ensured to be optimal, the frequency band is widened, the size is reduced, and the broadband matching characteristic that the network caliber is changed from full-height waveguide to half-height waveguide is realized.

Referring to fig. 4 and 7,

E-bend waveguides

5, 6, 7, and 8 of the feed network 1 are different from common bend waveguides whose inner cavities are all arcs, for solving waveguide connection port matching, ensuring equal-amplitude reverse transmission of signals, and variable-direction output, and the E-bend waveguides 7 and 8 adopt a structural form in which the outer ring is an arc and the inner ring is a right angle, so as to provide higher isolation and avoid self-excitation. The broadband matching characteristic of the network is realized by adjusting the size of the arc line outside the inner cavity, and the mutual interference of signals is avoided.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the E-plane single T2 of the feed network 1 is a standard form element, and in order to ensure that the ports are completely matched, matching is performed by adopting a combination mode of a matching block 10 and a diaphragm 11, the diaphragm 11 is located at the bottom of the E-plane single T2, and the TE is ensured₁₀The wave propagates unlimitedly and enters the support arm through coupling; the matching block 10 is located opposite the diaphragm 11 and is shaped as a bump for compensating for impedance mismatch due to coupling. By selecting a proper matching membrane 11 and the shape and size of the matching block 10, the uniform distribution of field elements and the stable working state are ensured, and the broadband characteristic of the network is realized.

Referring to fig. 4 and 6, the E-plane mutation units T3 and 4 of the feed network (1) are used for solving the port matching problem of external devices, and the standard E-plane single T2 form lower arm facet transmission mode is converted into coplanar transmission. In order to realize coplanar transmission, the inner cavities of the E-plane mutation units T3 and 4 are designed into Y shapes, a gradient impedance matching mode is adopted, the broadband matching characteristic is realized by changing the length of a gradient and the size of a mouth surface, the requirements of the distance between ports with any small size and the reduction of weight are met, and the structure is simple in form and convenient to process.

For the public understanding, the following description is made for the actual signal splitting and signal combining based on the above technical solutions:

signal shunting:

when signals are input from a joint (port 1), the signals are output in equal amplitude and opposite phase after being subjected to waveguide caliber transformation 9, E-bend waveguides 7 and 8 and E-surface single T2, then are output in equal amplitude and equal phase after being subjected to

E-bend waveguides

5 and 6, and are output in equal amplitude and equal phase at

ports

2, 3, 4 and 5 after being subjected to E-surface single T3 and 4, so that the equal amplitude and equal phase distribution function of the network is realized.

Signal synthesis:

the signals are input from the

branch ports

2, 3, 4 and 5 of the E-surface single T3 and 4 with equal amplitude and the like, the signals are changed into equal amplitude and opposite phase output after passing through the

E-bent waveguides

5 and 6, and then are output from the E-surface single T2 and the E-bent waveguides 7 and 8 with equal amplitude and the like after being changed from the waveguide caliber to 9 joint ports, so that the synthesis function of the network is realized.

In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention also includes other embodiments, and any technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-consumption compact feed network of Ka wave band is characterized in that: the device comprises a waveguide caliber transformation, four E-bend waveguides, an E-surface single T and two E-surface single variant Ts, wherein the waveguide caliber transformation is sequentially connected with the two E-bend waveguides and the E-surface single T to form a 1: 2 synthesis/distributor, and the waveguide caliber transformation forms a waveguide input port; one end of each of the other two E-shaped curved waveguides is connected with two ends of the E-shaped surface single T, the other end of each of the other two E-shaped curved waveguides is connected with two E-shaped surface variable single T to form a 2-path 1: 2 synthesis/distributor, and the two E-shaped surface variable single T form four output ports; the quartering synthesizer/distributor for transforming the waveguide aperture to the E-plane mutation single T is formed by cascading.

2. The Ka-band low-loss compact feed network of claim 1, wherein: the waveguide caliber transformation adopts a gradual impedance transformer form, and the caliber of the waveguide gradually narrows from the entrance to the inner diameter.

3. The Ka-band low-loss compact feed network of claim 1, wherein: the four E-shaped waveguide inner cavities adopt a structural form that the outer rings are circular arcs and the inner rings are right angles, so that higher isolation is provided and the self-excitation phenomenon is avoided.

4. The Ka-band low-loss compact feed network of claim 1, wherein: the E-surface single T is a standard form element and is matched in a mode of combining a matching block and a diaphragm, and the diaphragm is positioned at the bottom of the E surface of the E-surface single T to ensure TE₁₀The wave propagates unlimitedly and enters the support arm through coupling; the matching block is located opposite the diaphragm and is in the form of a projection for compensating the couplingResulting in impedance mismatch.

5. The Ka-band low-loss compact feed network of claim 1, wherein: the E-plane variation single T converts the standard E-plane single T2 type lower arm facet transmission mode into coplanar transmission, designs the inner cavity of the E-plane variation single T into a Y type, and adopts a gradient impedance matching mode.