CN110763423A - Spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device and method - Google Patents
Spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device and a spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment method, wherein the experiment device comprises a test bed main body, an experiment parameter monitoring system, an infrared monitoring system and a terminal control system; the experiment table main body comprises a goaf equivalent main body, an air inlet and return roadway equivalent pipe and a water-containing mist airflow generator; the experiment parameter monitoring system comprises a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor and a thermocouple inside the goaf equivalent main body; the infrared monitoring system comprises two infrared cameras; the terminal control system comprises a controller and a computer terminal. The invention can more quickly simulate the goaf air flow distribution, temperature change, high-temperature point migration track and distribution condition under the condition that the oxidation exothermic reaction is not interfered by the outside and is carried out spontaneously, and can carry out sensor monitoring and directly observe the color distribution of colored water in the goaf equivalent main body by means of an infrared camera.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal, and particularly relates to a spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device and method.
Background
Spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf is one of common disasters in the coal mining process, so that the life and property safety of people is seriously threatened, and meanwhile, serious resource waste and environmental pollution are caused. The development process of coal spontaneous combustion is very complicated and comprises various physicochemical actions, and the coal is a physical structure and a chemical composition and a complex and inhomogeneous body, and the exact molecular composition of the coal is not accurately described, so that the generation and development process of coal spontaneous combustion is difficult to theoretically know. Monitoring the temperature distribution and change in the goaf is a key means for preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf. However, the goaf is underground, the inside of the goaf is seriously collapsed, and personnel cannot directly approach to know the temperature condition inside the goaf. At present, the temperature change and distribution of a worked-out section are mostly calculated through numerical simulation at home and abroad, although the calculation process is strict, the speed is high, and the calculation process is not restricted by site conditions, for the aspects of nonlinearity, large deformation and discontinuous media, the result is often limited due to the difficulty in parameter selection on the physical properties of rock masses, particularly the bias of given initial conditions. Meanwhile, in the aspect of monitoring high-temperature points which easily cause spontaneous combustion in a goaf, the migration track of the high-temperature points cannot be researched more clearly. And the goaf air flow plays a crucial role in spontaneous combustion of the residual coal. The research on the wind flow distribution also mostly adopts a simulation method, and has certain error with the real situation.
Chinese patent CN205263061U discloses a simulation experiment device for goaf spontaneous combustion, and the disadvantages include:
1. the existing experimental devices adopt an external heat source to heat the coal body, artificially accelerate the oxidation reaction and cannot truly reflect the oxidation heat release process of the coal;
2. the existing goaf coal spontaneous combustion simulation device has a long experimental period under the condition that the external heat source is not suitable for heating;
3. the goaf temperature detection of the existing goaf coal spontaneous combustion simulation device adopts thermocouple monitoring, cannot be directly observed, can only reflect the goaf temperature through limited points, cannot obtain experimental results of goaf air flow and temperature coupling, and cannot truly reflect the goaf air flow condition.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device, which can realize direct and rapid observation of the internal temperature distribution and change condition of the goaf and the migration track of a high-temperature point under the spontaneous oxidation and heat release reaction conditions, and further create good experiment conditions for goaf fire prevention and extinguishing and goaf spontaneous combustion three-zone division.
The invention also aims to provide an experimental method for rapidly simulating the spontaneous goaf temperature distribution based on the experimental device, which has simple steps.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device comprises a test bed main body, an experiment parameter monitoring system, an infrared monitoring system and a terminal control system;
the experiment table main body comprises a goaf equivalent main body, a return air tunnel equivalent pipe, an air inlet tunnel equivalent pipe and a water-containing mist air flow generator, wherein the goaf equivalent main body is a hollow cubic box body, calcium oxide particles are filled in the goaf equivalent main body, a plurality of ventilation openings are respectively formed in the front side surface and the rear side surface of the goaf equivalent main body, openable covers are arranged at the ventilation openings, the return air tunnel equivalent pipe and the air inlet tunnel equivalent pipe are respectively connected with the ventilation openings to form equivalent different working surfaces, the water-containing mist air flow generator comprises an ultrasonic water mist generator and an air blower, the ultrasonic water mist generator is arranged in front of the air blower, colored water is stored in a water tank of the ultrasonic water mist generator, and a blast opening of the air blower is connected with an air inlet end of the air inlet tunnel equivalent pipe in a sealing manner;
the experimental parameter monitoring system comprises a plurality of humidity sensors, temperature sensors, wind speed sensors and thermocouples, wherein the humidity sensors, the temperature sensors and the wind speed sensors are respectively arranged at one end of the air return lane equivalent pipe and one end of the air inlet lane equivalent pipe close to the goaf equivalent main body;
the infrared monitoring system comprises two infrared cameras, wherein one infrared camera is erected right above the goaf equivalent main body, and the other infrared camera is erected on the left side surface or the right side surface of the goaf equivalent main body;
the terminal control system comprises a controller and a computer terminal, wherein the input end of the controller is electrically connected with the humidity sensor, the temperature sensor, the wind speed sensor and the thermocouple respectively, and the output end of the controller and the infrared camera are electrically connected with the computer terminal respectively.
Preferably, the joint of the blast port of the blower and the air inlet end of the air inlet roadway equivalent pipe is sealed by a silica gel pad.
Furthermore, adjustable blocking nets are arranged at the joints of the goaf equivalent main body, the air inlet lane equivalent pipe and the air return lane equivalent pipe.
Preferably, the goaf equivalent body upper cover is in openable and closable connection.
The invention also provides an experimental method for rapidly simulating the spontaneous goaf temperature distribution, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the opening and closing of reserved ventilation openings at different positions on a goaf equivalent main body according to a ventilation mode required to be simulated by an experiment, respectively connecting the opened reserved ventilation openings with an air inlet lane equivalent pipe and an air return lane equivalent pipe, simulating the required mining mode roadway arrangement, forming an air inlet and return system of a goaf base working face, and simulating air leakage of the air inlet lane and the working face into the goaf;
secondly, respectively arranging a wind speed sensor, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor at the near goaf end of the air inlet lane equivalent pipe and the return air lane equivalent pipe, arranging thermocouples at key measuring point positions in the goaf equivalent main body to form a thermocouple network, and respectively erecting an infrared camera right above and on the side surface of the goaf equivalent main body;
thirdly, selecting calcium oxide particles with proper particle size as equivalent particles of the coal body, paving the equivalent particles in the goaf from bottom to top, from front to back until the equivalent main body does not have the height of the hot galvanic couple network, and selecting different paving modes according to different research purposes;
fourthly, setting the humidity to be 0, turning on an ultrasonic water mist generator and an air blower, simulating the air flow of the working face base goaf, detecting whether air leaks from all joints, and sealing the air leaks by using silica gel;
fifthly, adjusting the wind speed and humidity required by the experiment, and accelerating the simulation of temperature change in the natural process of the residual coal in the goaf by utilizing the water absorption and heat release characteristics of calcium oxide;
sixthly, monitoring air inlet parameters by an air speed sensor, a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor in the air inlet lane equivalent pipe, monitoring return air parameters by an air speed sensor, a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor in the return air lane equivalent pipe, and monitoring equivalent area parameters of the goaf by a thermocouple network and an infrared camera; all monitoring data are collected and transmitted to a computer terminal through a controller, and relevant monitoring software is used for recording, analyzing and storing the data;
and seventhly, after the experiment is finished, removing a certain thickness of a calcium oxide particle layer in the equivalent main body of the goaf, observing the color distribution condition of the section, wherein the colored part is a path through which the air current passes, and the depth of the color represents the size of the air current, so that the air current distribution and the air leakage position of the goaf are further determined.
Calcium oxide is accumulated in the goaf, the accumulation state of the residual coal in the goaf is similar to that of the residual coal, water mist in wind flow reacts with the calcium oxide to release heat, and the heat is similar to tiny heat generated under the action of physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and oxidation reaction of coal oxygen. Under certain conditions, after the heat generation rate is greater than the heat dissipation rate to the environment, the generated heat is accumulated, the temperature of calcium oxide rises, the reaction rate of the calcium oxide is greater than that of coal-oxygen reaction, and the temperature change is faster, so that the temperature change of a goaf can be rapidly simulated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, under the condition that the oxidation exothermic reaction is not interfered by the outside and is carried out spontaneously, the temperature change, the high-temperature point migration track and the distribution condition of the goaf are simulated more quickly, meanwhile, the sensor monitoring and the direct observation by means of an infrared camera can be carried out, the air flow distribution and the air leakage position of the goaf can be further determined according to the color distribution condition of the colored water in the calcium oxide particle layer, the observation result is more real and direct, and a guidance scheme is provided for the spontaneous combustion control of the coal in the goaf.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an equivalent main body of a gob under different working face arrangement modes;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an aqueous mist airflow generator;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a thermocouple arrangement;
FIG. 5 is a data control schematic of the present invention;
in the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-goaf equivalent main body, 2-return air lane equivalent pipe, 3-air inlet lane equivalent pipe, 4-water-containing fog airflow generator, 5-infrared camera, 6-humidity sensor, 7-air speed sensor, 8-controller, 9-computer terminal, 10-adjustable ventilation opening, 11-camera support frame, 12-thermocouple, 13-blower, 14-ultrasonic water fog generator and 15-temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device comprises a test bed main body, an experiment parameter monitoring system, an infrared monitoring system and a terminal control system.
The experiment table main body comprises a goaf equivalent main body 1, a return airway equivalent pipe 2, an air inlet airway equivalent pipe 3 and a water-containing mist air flow generator 4, wherein the goaf equivalent main body 1 is a hollow cube, calcium oxide particles are filled in the goaf equivalent main body 1, calcium oxide particles with different particle sizes are selected to realize equivalent distribution of different porosities of the goaf, a plurality of ventilation openings 10 are respectively arranged on the front side surface and the rear side surface of the goaf equivalent main body 1, openable covers are arranged at the ventilation openings 10, the return airway equivalent pipe 2 and the air inlet airway equivalent pipe 3 are respectively connected with the ventilation openings 10 to form equivalent different working surfaces, the water-containing mist air flow generator 4 is connected to the air inlet end of the air inlet airway equivalent pipe 3, the water-containing mist air flow generator 4 comprises an ultrasonic water mist generator 14 and an air blower 13, and as shown in figure 3, the ultrasonic water mist generator 13 is arranged in front of the air blower 13, colored water is stored in a water tank of the ultrasonic water mist generator 14, and a blast port of the air blower is hermetically connected with an air inlet end of the air inlet roadway equivalent pipe, for example, sealed by a silica gel pad; the water mist is generated by ultrasonic vibration, and the air flow of the blower 13 carries the water mist to form an air flow with certain humidity.
The experimental parameter monitoring system comprises a plurality of air current humidity sensors 6, a temperature sensor 15, an air speed sensor 7 and a thermocouple 12, wherein the air current humidity sensors 6, the temperature sensor 15 and the air speed sensor 7 are respectively arranged at one end of the goaf-near equivalent main body 1 of the return air tunnel equivalent pipe 2 and the air intake tunnel equivalent pipe 3, the thermocouple 12 is positioned in the goaf-near equivalent main body 1 and is perpendicular to the bottom of the goaf-near equivalent main body 1, and the height of the thermocouple is not more than the filling height of calcium oxide particles.
The infrared monitoring system comprises two infrared cameras 5, wherein one infrared camera 5 is arranged right above the goaf equivalent main body 1, and the other infrared camera 5 is arranged on the side surface of the goaf equivalent main body 1; infrared camera frame 5 adopts camera support frame 11 fixed for infrared camera 5 can carry out long-time continuous shooting in the same position.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the terminal control system includes a controller 8 and a computer terminal 9, an input end of the controller 8 is electrically connected to the wind current humidity sensor 6, the temperature sensor 15, the wind speed sensor 7 and the thermocouple 12, respectively, and an output end of the controller 8 and the infrared camera 12 are electrically connected to the computer terminal 9, respectively.
And adjustable blocking nets are arranged at the joints of the goaf equivalent main body 1, the air inlet lane equivalent pipe 3 and the return air lane equivalent pipe 2, and are used for blocking calcium oxide particles and controlling the equivalent resistance by adjusting the density of the blocking nets.
The upper cover of the goaf equivalent main body 1 is in openable and closable connection, for example, a hinge connection can be adopted, and the joint of the cover and the goaf equivalent main body 1 is sealed by a silica gel pad.
The invention also provides an experimental method for rapidly simulating the spontaneous goaf temperature distribution, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the opening and closing of reserved ventilation openings 10 at different positions on a goaf equivalent main body 1 according to a ventilation mode required to be simulated by an experiment, respectively connecting the opened reserved ventilation openings with an air inlet tunnel equivalent pipe 3 and an air return tunnel equivalent pipe 2, and simulating the arrangement of a required mining mode roadway to form an air inlet and return system of a goaf base working face; the simulated working face layout can be as shown in fig. 2, and can be a U-shaped layout, a U + L-shaped layout, a Y-shaped layout, a W-shaped layout, an E-shaped layout, a Z-shaped layout and the like.
Secondly, respectively arranging a wind speed sensor 7, a humidity sensor 6 and a temperature sensor 15 at the near goaf end of the air inlet lane equivalent pipe 3 and the return air lane equivalent pipe 2, arranging thermocouples 12 at key measuring point positions in the goaf equivalent main body 1 to form a thermocouple network shown in the figure 4, and respectively erecting an infrared camera 5 above and on the side surface of the goaf equivalent main body 1 by utilizing a camera support frame 11;
thirdly, selecting calcium oxide particles with proper particle size as equivalent particles of the coal body, paving the equivalent particles in the goaf equivalent main body 1 from bottom to top from front to back until the equivalent main body is not heated to the height of the thermocouple network, and selecting different paving modes according to different research purposes; when the arrangement of Y-shaped and Z-shaped roadways is simulated, injecting a left roadway space in the goaf equivalent main body 1;
fourthly, setting the humidity to be 0, opening the water-containing mist airflow generator 4, simulating airflow flow of the goaf of the working face base, and detecting whether air leaks from all joints, wherein the air leaks are sealed by silica gel;
fifthly, adjusting the wind speed and humidity required by the experiment, and accelerating the simulation of temperature change in the natural process of the residual coal in the goaf by utilizing the water absorption and heat release characteristics of calcium oxide; calcium oxide is accumulated in the goaf, the accumulation state of the residual coal in the goaf is similar to that of the residual coal, water mist in wind flow reacts with the calcium oxide to release heat, and the heat is similar to tiny heat generated under the action of physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and oxidation reaction of coal oxygen. Under a certain condition, after the heat generation rate is greater than the heat dissipation rate to the environment, the generated heat is accumulated, the temperature of calcium oxide rises, the reaction rate of the calcium oxide is greater than that of coal-oxygen reaction, and the temperature change is faster, so that the temperature change of a goaf can be quickly simulated;
sixthly, monitoring air inlet parameters by an air speed sensor 7, a humidity sensor 6 and a temperature sensor 15 in the air inlet lane equivalent pipe 3, monitoring air return parameters by the air speed sensor 7, the humidity sensor 6 and the temperature sensor 15 in the air return lane equivalent pipe 2, and monitoring goaf equivalent area parameters by a thermocouple network and an infrared camera 5; all monitoring data are collected and transmitted to a computer terminal 9 through a controller 8, and relevant monitoring software is used for recording, analyzing and storing the data;
seventhly, after the experiment is finished, opening an upper cover of the goaf equivalent main body 1, removing a certain thickness of a calcium oxide particle layer in the goaf equivalent main body 1, observing the color distribution condition of a section, wherein the colored part is a path through which an air current passes, the depth of the color represents the size of the air current, and further determining the air current distribution and the air leakage position of the goaf; compared with the monitoring data of the sensor, the relation between the air flow and the spontaneous combustion of the goaf can be more accurately described.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising a test bed main body, an experiment parameter monitoring system, an infrared monitoring system and a terminal control system;
the experiment table main body comprises a goaf equivalent main body (1), a return air lane equivalent pipe (2), an air inlet lane equivalent pipe (3) and a water-containing mist air flow generator (4), wherein the goaf equivalent main body (1) is a hollow cubic box body, calcium oxide particles are filled in the goaf equivalent main body, a plurality of ventilation openings (10) are respectively arranged on the front side surface and the rear side surface of the goaf equivalent main body (1), covers capable of being opened and closed are arranged at the positions of the ventilation openings (10), the return air lane equivalent pipe (2) and the air inlet lane equivalent pipe (3) are respectively connected with the ventilation openings (10) to form equivalent different working surfaces, the water-containing mist air flow generator (4) comprises an ultrasonic water mist generator (14) and an air blower (13), the ultrasonic water mist air blower (14) is arranged in front of the air blower (13), and colored water is stored in a water tank of the ultrasonic water mist generator (14), a blast port of the blower (13) is hermetically connected with an air inlet end of the air inlet roadway equivalent pipe (3);
the experimental parameter monitoring system comprises a plurality of humidity sensors (6), temperature sensors (15), wind speed sensors (7) and thermocouples (12), wherein the humidity sensors (6), the temperature sensors (15) and the wind speed sensors (7) are respectively arranged at one ends of the return airway equivalent pipe (2) and the air intake airway equivalent pipe (3) close to the goaf equivalent main body (1), the thermocouples (12) are positioned in the goaf equivalent main body (1) and are perpendicular to the bottom of the goaf equivalent main body (1), and the height of the thermocouples is not more than the filling height of calcium oxide particles;
the infrared monitoring system comprises two infrared cameras (5), wherein one infrared camera (5) is erected right above the goaf equivalent main body (1), and the other infrared camera frame (5) is arranged on the left side surface or the right side surface of the goaf equivalent main body (1);
the terminal control system comprises a controller (8) and a computer terminal (9), wherein the input end of the controller (8) is electrically connected with the humidity sensor (6), the temperature sensor (15), the wind speed sensor (7) and the thermocouple (12) respectively, and the output end of the controller (8) and the infrared camera (12) are electrically connected with the computer terminal (9) respectively.
2. The spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the joint of the tuyere of the blower (13) and the air inlet end of the air inlet tunnel equivalent pipe (3) is sealed by a silica gel pad.
3. The spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the junction of the goaf equivalent main body (1) and the air intake lane equivalent pipe (3) and the return air lane equivalent pipe (2) is provided with an adjustable blocking net.
4. The spontaneous goaf temperature distribution rapid simulation experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper cover of the goaf equivalent main body (1) is in openable and closable connection.
5. An experimental method for performing a rapid spontaneous goaf temperature distribution simulation based on the experimental apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
firstly, adjusting the opening and closing of reserved ventilation openings (10) at different positions on a goaf equivalent main body (1) according to a ventilation mode required to be simulated by an experiment, respectively connecting the opened reserved ventilation openings (10) with an air inlet lane equivalent pipe (3) and an air return lane equivalent pipe (2), simulating the roadway arrangement of a required mining mode to form an air inlet and return system of a goaf base working face, and simulating air leakage of the air inlet lane and the working face into the goaf;
secondly, respectively arranging a wind speed sensor (7), a humidity sensor (6) and a temperature sensor (15) at the end, close to the goaf, of the air inlet lane equivalent pipe (3) and the air return lane equivalent pipe (2), arranging thermocouples (12) at key measuring point positions in the goaf equivalent main body (1) to form a thermocouple network, and respectively erecting an infrared camera (5) above and on the side surface of the goaf equivalent main body (1);
thirdly, selecting calcium oxide particles with proper particle size as equivalent particles of the coal body, paving the equivalent particles in the goaf equivalent main body (1) from bottom to top, from front to back until the height of the thermocouple network is not heated, and selecting different paving modes according to different research purposes;
fourthly, setting the humidity to be 0, turning on an ultrasonic water mist generator (14) and an air blower (13), simulating the air flow of the goaf of the working face base, and detecting whether air leaks from all joints, wherein the air leaks are sealed by silica gel;
fifthly, adjusting the wind speed and humidity required by the experiment, and accelerating the simulation of temperature change in the natural process of the residual coal in the goaf by utilizing the water absorption and heat release characteristics of calcium oxide;
sixthly, monitoring air inlet parameters by a wind speed sensor (7), a humidity sensor (6) and a temperature sensor (15) in the air inlet tunnel equivalent pipe (3), monitoring air return parameters by the wind speed sensor (7), the humidity sensor (6) and the temperature sensor (15) in the air return tunnel equivalent pipe (2), and monitoring equivalent regional parameters of the goaf by a thermocouple network and an infrared camera (5); all monitoring data are collected and transmitted to a computer terminal (9) through a controller (8), and relevant monitoring software is used for recording, analyzing and storing the data;
and seventhly, after the experiment is finished, removing a certain thickness of a calcium oxide particle layer in the goaf equivalent main body (1), observing the color distribution condition of the section, wherein the colored part is a path through which the air current passes, and the depth of the color represents the size of the air current, and further determining the goaf air current distribution and the air leakage position.
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