CN110746173B - 一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110746173B
CN110746173B CN201911162290.9A CN201911162290A CN110746173B CN 110746173 B CN110746173 B CN 110746173B CN 201911162290 A CN201911162290 A CN 201911162290A CN 110746173 B CN110746173 B CN 110746173B
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艾明生
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法,具体涉及免烧砖技术领域,其工艺简单,变废为宝,制备的免烧砖具有较高的抗压强度,同时其抗冻性能优异;利用正硅酸乙酯在聚苯乙烯颗粒表面原位生成纳米二氧化硅,得到纳米二氧化硅包裹聚苯乙烯复合粒子,将其加入免烧砖的制备中,利用复合粒子外层的纳米二氧化硅与水化后的生石灰化合,产生化学反应,将聚苯乙烯颗粒引入胶凝网络结构中,不仅大大增强了免烧砖的抗压强度,同时,聚苯乙烯颗粒的吸水率极低,膨胀应力减小,也极大地提高了免烧砖的抗冻性能。

Description

一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于免烧砖技术领域,尤其是一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法。
背景技术
目前,粉煤灰的资源化利用的发展较快,研究发现,粉煤灰具有良好的形态效应、微集料效应和火山灰活性,可以改善水泥基材料力学性能和耐久性,被大量应用于混凝土工程、新型墙体材料工程等领域。
免烧砖制备技术是处理粉煤灰等固体废弃物的有效手段。但是随着免烧砖制备技术探索的不断深入,其基本性能问题逐渐出现,包括免烧砖的抗压性能、抗冻性等问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
(1)将以重量份计的15-20份聚苯乙烯颗粒利用球磨机粉碎至粒径为100-500μm,将其加入到5-10倍体积的无水乙醇中,然后向其中加入2-3份异丁基三乙氧基硅,在300-340rpm下搅拌20-30min,利用超声处理10-15min,过滤、洗涤后烘干,接着将其再次加入到30-50份的正硅酸乙酯中,然后加入20-30份去离子水、10-15份无水乙醇,40-50℃、100-200rpm下搅拌30-40min,接着边搅拌边向其中加入质量分数为15-20%的氨水溶液,调节pH至7-8,在200-300rpm、55-59℃下反应12-14h,冷却,过滤,洗涤后在30-35℃下干燥,得到纳米二氧化硅包裹聚苯乙烯复合粒子;
(2)将40-50份粉煤灰放入粉碎机中,粉碎20-30min,接着将其放入马弗炉中,以2-3℃/min的速率升温至680-700℃,煅烧2-3h,然后取出冷却至200-230℃时,放入纳米球磨机中,再向其中加入50-70份质量分数为20-30%的聚合氯化铝铁溶液,球磨30-40min,然后冷冻干燥,并再次球磨至粒径为5-30μm,备用;
(3)将15-20份步骤(1)所得物、40-50份步骤(2)所得物、10-12份有机硅憎水剂加入到80-100份去离子水中,进行轮碾混合,然后向其中加入25-30份生石灰、10-15份由水泥:硫酸钠:氯化钙=5-7:1-2:1-2组成的外加剂、20-30份去离子水,放入搅拌机中,在800-1200rpm下搅拌15-20min,陈化10-13min后,装入标砖模具中,在电子万能试验机上,以0.8-1.0MP/s的加压速率加压至18-20MPa,持续28-32s,然后以同样速度泄压,脱模得砖坯;
(4)将步骤(3)所得砖坯利用135-138℃的蒸汽养护5-8h,然后覆盖保鲜膜,在40-45℃的干燥箱中放置2-3天,去掉保鲜膜,置于湿度为30-40%,温度25-28℃下自然养护28-30天,即可。
本发明的有益效果:本发明工艺简单,变废为宝,制备的免烧砖具有较高的抗压强度,同时其抗冻性能优异;利用正硅酸乙酯在聚苯乙烯颗粒表面原位生成纳米二氧化硅,得到纳米二氧化硅包裹聚苯乙烯复合粒子,将其加入免烧砖的制备中,利用复合粒子外层的纳米二氧化硅与水化后的生石灰化合,产生化学反应,将聚苯乙烯颗粒引入胶凝网络结构中,不仅大大增强了免烧砖的抗压强度,同时,聚苯乙烯颗粒的吸水率极低,膨胀应力减小,也极大地提高了免烧砖的抗冻性能;将粉煤灰利用聚合氯化铝铁进行处理,增强粉煤灰表面铝原子负载率,因此,提高了粉煤灰与生石灰的胶凝强度,大力提高所得免烧砖的抗压强度。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
(1)将以重量份计的18份聚苯乙烯颗粒利用球磨机粉碎至粒径为100-500μm,将其加入到8倍体积的无水乙醇中,然后向其中加入3份异丁基三乙氧基硅,在320rpm下搅拌25min,利用超声处理12min,过滤、洗涤后烘干,接着将其再次加入到40份的正硅酸乙酯中,然后加入25份去离子水、13份无水乙醇,45℃、150rpm下搅拌35min,接着边搅拌边向其中加入质量分数为18%的氨水溶液,调节pH至8,在250rpm、57℃下反应13h,冷却,过滤,洗涤后在33℃下干燥,得到纳米二氧化硅包裹聚苯乙烯复合粒子;
(2)将45份粉煤灰放入粉碎机中,粉碎25min,接着将其放入马弗炉中,以3℃/min的速率升温至690℃,煅烧3h,然后取出冷却至220℃时,放入纳米球磨机中,再向其中加入60份质量分数为25%的聚合氯化铝铁溶液,球磨35min,然后冷冻干燥,并再次球磨至粒径为5-30μm,备用;
(3)将18份步骤(1)所得物、45份步骤(2)所得物、11份有机硅憎水剂加入到90份去离子水中,进行轮碾混合,然后向其中加入28份生石灰、13份由水泥:硫酸钠:氯化钙=5:1:1组成的外加剂、25份去离子水,放入搅拌机中,在1000rpm下搅拌18min,陈化11min后,装入标砖模具中,在电子万能试验机上,以0.9MP/s的加压速率加压至19MPa,持续30s,然后以同样速度泄压,脱模得砖坯;
(4)将步骤(3)所得砖坯利用136℃的蒸汽养护7h,然后覆盖保鲜膜,在43℃的干燥箱中放置3天,去掉保鲜膜,置于湿度为35%,温度26℃下自然养护30天,即可。
经测试,所得样品最大冻融循环次数为20次,抗压强度为16.8MPa。
实施例2
(1)将以重量份计的18份聚苯乙烯颗粒利用球磨机粉碎至粒径为100-500μm,将其加入到8倍体积的无水乙醇中,然后向其中加入3份异丁基三乙氧基硅,在320rpm下搅拌25min,利用超声处理12min,过滤、洗涤后烘干;
(2)将45份粉煤灰放入粉碎机中,粉碎25min,接着将其放入马弗炉中,以3℃/min的速率升温至690℃,煅烧3h,然后取出冷却至220℃时,放入纳米球磨机中,再向其中加入60份质量分数为25%的聚合氯化铝铁溶液,球磨35min,然后冷冻干燥,并再次球磨至粒径为5-30μm,备用;
(3)将18份步骤(1)所得物、45份步骤(2)所得物、11份有机硅憎水剂加入到90份去离子水中,进行轮碾混合,然后向其中加入28份生石灰、13份由水泥:硫酸钠:氯化钙=5:1:1组成的外加剂、25份去离子水,放入搅拌机中,在1000rpm下搅拌18min,陈化11min后,装入标砖模具中,在电子万能试验机上,以0.9MP/s的加压速率加压至19MPa,持续30s,然后以同样速度泄压,脱模得砖坯;
(4)将步骤(3)所得砖坯利用136℃的蒸汽养护7h,然后覆盖保鲜膜,在43℃的干燥箱中放置3天,去掉保鲜膜,置于湿度为35%,温度26℃下自然养护30天,即可。
经测试,所得样品最大冻融循环次数为15次,抗压强度为13.4MPa。
实施例3
(1)将以重量份计的18份聚苯乙烯颗粒利用球磨机粉碎至粒径为100-500μm,将其加入到8倍体积的无水乙醇中,然后向其中加入3份异丁基三乙氧基硅,在320rpm下搅拌25min,利用超声处理12min,过滤、洗涤后烘干,接着将其再次加入到40份的正硅酸乙酯中,然后加入25份去离子水、13份无水乙醇,45℃、150rpm下搅拌35min,接着边搅拌边向其中加入质量分数为18%的氨水溶液,调节pH至8,在250rpm、57℃下反应13h,冷却,过滤,洗涤后在33℃下干燥,得到纳米二氧化硅包裹聚苯乙烯复合粒子;
(2)将45份粉煤灰放入粉碎机中,粉碎25min,接着将其放入马弗炉中,以3℃/min的速率升温至690℃,煅烧3h,然后取出冷却至220℃时,放入纳米球磨机中,球磨35min,然后冷冻干燥,并再次球磨至粒径为5-30μm,备用;
(3)将18份步骤(1)所得物、45份步骤(2)所得物、11份有机硅憎水剂加入到90份去离子水中,进行轮碾混合,然后向其中加入28份生石灰、13份由水泥:硫酸钠:氯化钙=5:1:1组成的外加剂、25份去离子水,放入搅拌机中,在1000rpm下搅拌18min,陈化11min后,装入标砖模具中,在电子万能试验机上,以0.9MP/s的加压速率加压至19MPa,持续30s,然后以同样速度泄压,脱模得砖坯;
(4)将步骤(3)所得砖坯利用136℃的蒸汽养护7h,然后覆盖保鲜膜,在43℃的干燥箱中放置3天,去掉保鲜膜,置于湿度为35%,温度26℃下自然养护30天,即可。
经测试,所得样品最大冻融循环次数为14次,抗压强度为12.8MPa。
性能测试:
抗冻融试验依据 GB/T 2542-2012《砌墙砖试验方法》进行测定。将养护好的试样放入水中浸泡24h,之后放入仪器中进行快速冻融。以质量损失率不超过5%,强度损失率不超过25%时,免烧砖所能承受的最大冻融循环次数来反映抗冻性能。
抗压强度参照JC /T422-91( 96)《非烧结普通粘土砖》进行测定。
每组5组平行试验,测试5次,取平均值。

Claims (4)

1.一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将以重量份计的15-20份聚苯乙烯颗粒利用球磨机粉碎至粒径为100-500μm,将其加入到5-10倍体积的无水乙醇中,然后向其中加入2-3份异丁基三乙氧基硅,在300-340rpm下搅拌20-30min,利用超声处理10-15min,过滤、洗涤后烘干,接着将其再次加入到30-50份的正硅酸乙酯中,然后加入20-30份去离子水、10-15份无水乙醇,40-50℃、100-200rpm下搅拌30-40min,接着边搅拌边向其中加入质量分数为15-20%的氨水溶液,调节pH至7-8,在200-300rpm、55-59℃下反应12-14h,冷却,过滤,洗涤后在30-35℃下干燥,得到纳米二氧化硅包裹聚苯乙烯复合粒子;
(2)对粉煤灰进行处理,备用;
(3)将15-20份步骤(1)所得物、40-50份步骤(2)所得物、10-12份有机硅憎水剂加入到80-100份去离子水中,进行轮碾混合,然后向其中加入25-30份生石灰、10-15份外加剂、20-30份去离子水,放入搅拌机中,在800-1200rpm下搅拌15-20min,陈化10-13min后,装入标砖模具中,在电子万能试验机上,加压至18-20MPa,持续28-32s,然后以同样速度泄压,脱模得砖坯;
(4)将步骤(3)所得砖坯利用135-138℃的蒸汽养护5-8h,然后覆盖保鲜膜,在40-45℃的干燥箱中放置2-3天,去掉保鲜膜,置于湿度为30-40%,温度25-28℃下自然养护28-30天,即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述粉煤灰具体处理方法为:将40-50份粉煤灰放入粉碎机中,粉碎20-30min,接着将其放入马弗炉中,以2-3℃/min的速率升温至680-700℃,煅烧2-3h,然后取出冷却至200-230℃时,放入纳米球磨机中,再向其中加入50-70份质量分数为20-30%的聚合氯化铝铁溶液,球磨30-40min,然后冷冻干燥,并再次球磨至粒径为5-30μm,备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述加压处理时,加压速率为0.8-1.0MP/s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冻性能好的免烧砖制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述外加剂由水泥:硫酸钠:氯化钙=5-7:1-2:1-2组成。
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