CN110294611B - 一种常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土及其制备方法,该水泥土包括碱激发胶凝材料与黏土,所述碱激发胶凝材料包括活性剂与激发剂,以黏土为参照,活性剂的掺量为6%‑12%,激发剂的掺量为3%‑11%。其是以黏土为主要材料,并且掺入活性剂与激发剂干拌而成,然后再加入水充分拌和形成,拌和初期强度低,凝结时间适中。由无侧限抗压试验测得其单轴抗压强度,经试验表明碱激发胶凝材料掺量与黏土的掺量之比近似为1:5,活性剂激发剂的掺量比为2:1时,激发剂内组分的质量比为1:1,水泥土的抗压强度达到最优。通过对比发现其混合料的单轴抗压强度是纯黏土试样的2倍,是石灰土试样的1.5倍,在路基工程中具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料领域,具体涉及一种常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土及其制备工艺。
背景技术
随着经济的飞速发展和科技的日新月异,矿产资源和能源材料日益枯竭,节能减排和绿色环保备受关注。传统无机非金属材料制备需要1000℃以上的高温烧结,消耗能源的同时还会产生大量温室气体和有毒气体,且地质聚合物与传统硅酸盐水泥相比,在制备过程中无需高温煅烧,二氧化碳排放量也比生产硅酸盐水泥低70%~80%,且原材料多为铝硅酸盐矿物或粉煤灰、矿渣等工业副产品,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。
偏高岭土地质聚合物具有很多水泥混凝土难以达到的优良性能,具有很好的力学性能,并且原料丰富,工艺简单、价格低廉、节能环保。相比普通水泥材料,偏高岭土地质聚合物具有很好的耐腐蚀性和耐久性。一般水泥基材料在服役15年后会发生明显的结构破坏和解体。因此地聚物可广泛应用于建材、交通、冶金、核废料处理及抢修工程等领域。
然而截至目前为止,在地聚物激发试验配比工艺研究方面,成果十分有限。申请号201810045798.X公开了一种以石灰-碳酸钠为激发剂的单组份碱激发胶凝材料,其是以石灰和碳酸钠按摩尔比1:1配制作为激发剂,火山灰活性材料作为被激发对象,将其干拌混合制得。该胶凝材料的抗压强度为P.O42.5水泥的1.2~1.3倍,且其直接加水即可使用,拌合初期碱性低,凝结时间适中且可通过调整碱掺量或生/熟石灰比例进行调节,具有良好的工程应用前景。但该专利局限之处在于仅仅研究了激发剂配比给水泥土带来的性能影响,所得水泥土的性能有待进一步提高。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土及其制备工艺,该发明以黏土为主要原料,再掺入石灰、小苏打和偏高岭土干拌而成,所得水泥土具有绿色环保、低碱性、凝结时间适宜、力学性能优良、低成本,且取材方便等特点。
为解决现有技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土,包括碱激发胶凝材料与黏土,包括碱激发胶凝材料与黏土,所述碱激发胶凝材料包括活性剂与激发剂,以黏土为参照,活性剂的掺量为6%-12%,激发剂的掺量为3%-9%;所述常温弱碱低聚物激发水泥土的制备工艺,包括以下步骤,包括以下步骤:步骤1,将活性剂与激发剂混合干拌得碱激发胶凝材料;步骤2,向碱激发胶凝材料中加入水和黏土,搅拌均匀后,混合物转入模具中,恒温恒湿环境下养护,即得水泥土。
作为改进的是,所述活性剂为偏高岭土;所述激发剂由石灰与小苏打或纯碱混合而成而成。
作为改进的是,所述活性剂与激发剂的掺量比为2:1,地聚物水泥土的单轴抗压强度达到最优。
作为改进的是,步骤2中碱激发胶凝材料掺量与黏土的掺量之比为1:5。
作为改进的是,步骤2中模具的尺寸为39.1mm×80mm圆柱样,层数为4层。层数的限定提高了水泥土的均一性。
有益效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明的优势在于:
1、使用方便:本发明可将黏土、石灰、小苏打和活性材料偏高岭土进行干拌,待使用时直接加水搅拌即可;
2、性能优异:采用本发明碱激发胶凝材料作为掺料加入黏土中测得其抗压强度分别比在同一制样、养护条件下的纯黏土抗压强度高出2倍,比生石灰的抗压强度高出1.5倍,且折压比高,韧性和抗裂性能好;
3、绿色环保:能够充分利用各种工业固体废弃物,资源再利用,保护环境;
4、成本低:相对于采用氢氧化钠、水玻璃或混合使用作为激发剂的碱激发胶凝材料,本发明中的“石灰+小苏打/纯碱”激发剂的成本较低;
5、拌和阶段碱性低:拌和阶段,其浆体碱性较弱(pH较低),不会对使用者人身产生较大伤害,安全可靠;
6、凝结时间适宜并可控:本发明碱激发胶凝材料中激发剂的碱当量为3%~9%,通过调整激发剂的掺量或者活性材料偏高岭土的比例,可获得不同力学性能的碱激发胶凝材料,并可调节胶凝材料的初/终凝结时间,使其在适宜范围内,适合工程使用。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明。
实施例1无侧限抗压强度试验
一种常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土,包括碱激发胶凝材料与黏土,所述碱激发胶凝材料包括活性剂与激发剂,以黏土为参照,活性剂的掺量为6%-12%,激发剂的掺量为3%-11%所述活性剂为偏高岭土,所述激发剂由石灰、小苏打均匀干拌混合而成。
其中,偏高岭土的掺量为6%、8%、10%、12%,激发剂掺量为3%、5%、7%、9%、11%(作为对比),选用黏土的粒径不大于2mm,交叉实验表1如下所示,其中按照列进行排序,6%,3%记为组号1,6%,5%记为组号2,6%,7%记为组号3,6%,9%记为组号4,6%,11%记为组号5,8%,3%记为组号6,依次类推。
表1偏高岭土基地聚物激发水泥土无侧限抗压强度试验表
具体操作步骤:
1)根据已设计配比分别称取碱激发胶凝材料各组份、黏土等待使用,称量误差为不超过设计重量值±1%;
2)将偏高岭土、石灰、小苏打或纯碱,加入搅拌设备盘中,充分搅拌至均匀得碱激发胶凝材料;
3)向碱激发胶凝材料中加入黏土干拌均匀后,再加入水搅拌均匀,静置2分钟;
4)将搅拌好的混合料等分成四份,依次装入39.1mm*80mm的模具中,在三瓣模的内部涂抹凡士林并用保鲜膜进行包裹,且对每层混合料进行充分压实;
5)将试样放入标准恒温恒湿养护箱进行养护,待养护时间达24h拆模,随后继续进行养护,待龄期达到7d取出进行试验。
不同参数下制备的水泥土的性能如表2所示。
表2无侧限抗压强度试验结果
对比例
采用最佳含水率12%制出的纯黏土样,在恒温恒湿养护环境中,测得的单轴抗压强度为186kPa。
采用最佳含水率12%,石灰掺量为11%制出的石灰土在同样的养护环境中,测得其单轴抗压强度为208kPa,然而,由常温弱碱激发地聚物水泥土在同等条件下测得其单轴抗压强度最大为313kPa。
由上述可见,将由偏高岭土、石灰、小苏打均匀干拌混合形成的地聚物作为混合掺料加入黏土中其抗压强度明显高于纯黏土或者石灰土所制备的试样。这是由于石灰、小苏打和水发生的化学反应其产物为氢氧化钠、碳酸钙。氢氧化钠为强碱,能够很好的激发活性材料偏高岭土,从而提高常温弱碱激发地聚物水泥土的单轴抗压强度,而并非含碱量或含高岭土量越多对其激发效果越好,通过设计配比试验发现最佳配比组合为偏高岭土含量10%,石灰、小苏打和水含量分别为5%,此时生成的氢氧化钠最多,从而使单组分碱激发胶凝材料达到最佳的强度,而生成的碳酸钙晶体不仅自身拥有优异的力学性能,且其晶粒生长可提高材料的密实性,提高碱激发材料的晶胶比,从而可进一步提高常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土的强度。
Claims (4)
1.一种常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土,其特征在于,包括碱激发胶凝材料与黏土,所述碱激发胶凝材料包括活性剂与激发剂,以黏土为参照,活性剂的掺量为6%-12% ,激发剂的掺量为3%-9%;所述常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土的制备方法包括以下步骤:步骤1,将活性剂与激发剂混合干拌后得碱激发胶凝材料;步骤2,向碱激发胶凝材料中加入水和黏土,搅拌均匀后,混合物转入模具中,恒温恒湿环境下养护,即得水泥土;所述活性剂与激发剂的掺量比为2:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土,其特征在于,所述活性剂为偏高岭土;所述激发剂由石灰与小苏打或者纯碱混合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土,其特征在于,步骤2中碱激发胶凝材料掺量与黏土的掺量之比为1:5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的常温弱碱地聚物激发水泥土,其特征在于,步骤2中模具的尺寸为39.1mm×80mm圆柱样,层数为4层。
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