CN110744830B - 一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110744830B
CN110744830B CN201910986434.6A CN201910986434A CN110744830B CN 110744830 B CN110744830 B CN 110744830B CN 201910986434 A CN201910986434 A CN 201910986434A CN 110744830 B CN110744830 B CN 110744830B
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polyester film
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刘文卿
臧世伟
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Chongqing Jinmei New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明导电材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其包括步骤一、对导电聚酯母粒进行预结晶和干燥处理,然后将导电聚酯母粒投入单螺杆挤出机进行加热熔融塑化,并制得聚酯厚膜;步骤二、对所述聚酯厚膜采用双向拉伸法进行拉伸,然后升温对拉伸后的聚酯薄膜进行定型;步骤三、采用喷涂工艺对定型后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料;步骤四、对喷涂导电涂料后的聚酯薄膜进行电晕处理,制得的高导电聚酯薄膜。本发明的制备步骤简单,生产效率高,制得的聚酯薄膜的导电性能优异且持续时间长,使用寿命长。

Description

一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及导电材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法。
背景技术
导电塑料是将树脂和导电物质混合,用塑料的加工方式进行加工的功能型高分子材料。主要应用于电子、集成电路包装、电磁波屏蔽等领域。它是导电高分子材料的最重要类别。
现有的导电聚酯薄膜一般是在聚酯中填充导电填料制成,但是由于导电填料在聚酯基体中容易发生团聚现象,而且填充过多还会影响聚酯基体的机械性能,因此限制了导电填料的填充量,使制得的导电聚酯薄膜导电性能不佳,而采用在聚酯薄膜表面涂覆导电涂料时,由于附着于聚酯薄膜表面的导电填料在使用过程中容易与聚酯薄膜脱离,使制成的导电薄膜的导电性能持续的时间较短,使用寿命短。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的缺点和不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,制备步骤简单,生产效率高,制得的聚酯薄膜的导电性能优异且持续时间长,使用寿命长。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其包括如下制备步骤:
步骤一、对导电聚酯母粒进行预结晶和干燥处理,然后将导电聚酯母粒投入单螺杆挤出机进行加热熔融塑化,并制得聚酯厚膜;
步骤二、对所述聚酯厚膜采用双向拉伸法进行拉伸,然后升温对拉伸后的聚酯薄膜进行定型;
步骤三、采用喷涂工艺对定型后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料;
步骤四、对喷涂导电涂料后的聚酯薄膜进行电晕处理,制得高导电聚酯薄膜。
本发明的制备方法通过先采用导电聚酯母粒进行双向拉伸制成聚酯薄膜后,再采用喷涂工艺在聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料,使制得聚酯薄膜具有高导电性能。其中,本发明的导电聚酯母粒在升温定型后,不需进行冷却,而是直接对定型后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料,可使导电涂料中的导电颗粒或导电填料直接嵌入聚酯薄膜中,使本发明的导电聚酯薄膜在使用过程中,附着于导电聚酯薄膜表面的导电填料或导电颗粒不易掉落,延长了本发明的导电聚酯薄膜的使用寿命,提高其表面耐摩擦性。本发明在对聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料的过程中,还可达到降低聚酯薄膜的温度的作用,无需后续再对其进行冷却操作,节省了制备步骤,提高了生产效率。
其中,所述步骤一中的干燥温度为150-190℃。
其中,所述步骤一中单螺杆挤出机中的挤出温度为270℃-290℃,有利于提高导电聚酯母粒的可加工性,便于后续拉伸工艺的进行。
其中,所述步骤二中双向拉伸时的纵向拉伸温度为80-90℃,横向拉伸温度为100-110℃。
其中,所述步骤二中的定型温度为230-240℃。
其中,所述步骤三中,喷涂后的聚酯薄膜的温度为50-150℃。
其中,所述导电聚酯母粒包括如下质量百分比的原料:
Figure BDA0002236843390000021
Figure BDA0002236843390000031
本发明通过采用上述原料组分并严格控制各原料组分的质量百分比,使制得的导电聚酯母粒具有优良的导电性能和优异的机械性能。
其中,所述导电涂料包括如下重量份数的原料:
Figure BDA0002236843390000032
本发明通过采用上述重量比的原料,更有利于使各组分充分分散,混合均匀,使制得的导电涂料具有更高的导电性能。
其中,所述纳米金属氧化物粉末为TiO2纳米导电粉、ITO纳米导电粉、FTO纳米导电粉、ATO纳米导电粉、AZO纳米导电粉、GZO纳米导电粉中的至少一种。
上述种类的纳米金属氧化物粉末具有高导电性能、高热稳定性和高化学稳定性,与本发明的其他原料组分具有协同增效的作用,其能与纳米级石墨烯、碳纳米管、纳米金属粉末、纳米级导电炭黑在基体中形成连续的导电网络,提高基体的导电性能、热稳定性和化学稳定性,还有利于提高导电母粒的机械性能。
其中,所述纳米金属粉末为铜、银、镍、铂中的至少一种。
其中,所述分散剂为硬脂酸钡、硬脂酸锌、聚乙烯蜡、聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
其中,所述偶联剂为甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、γ -甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基) 硅烷中的至少一种。
其中,所述流平剂为聚二甲基硅油、聚醚改性有机硅氧烷中的至少一种。
其中,所述基体树脂为聚丙烯树脂、聚乙烯树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、聚酰胺树脂中的至少一种。
其中,所述导电聚酯母粒的制备步骤如下:
步骤A、将纳米级石墨烯、碳纳米管、纳米金属粉末、纳米金属氧化物粉末、纳米级导电炭黑和聚酯装入密封容器内;
步骤B、在密封容器外设置一个或多个强磁场,然后对密封容器内的原料通电,接着旋转磁场,并对密封容器内的原料进行搅拌,搅拌速度为300r/min,搅拌时长为30min,使密封容器内的原料混合均匀,得混合料;
步骤C、将混合料投入单螺杆挤出设备进行混炼、挤出、造粒,所述单螺杆挤出设备的挤出温度为270℃-290℃,制得导电母粒。
其中,所述导电涂料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤a、纳米级石墨烯片、碳纳米管、纳米金属氧化物粉末、纳米金属粉末、纳米级导电炭黑、分散剂、偶联剂、流平剂、基体树脂、溶剂装入密封容器内;
步骤b、在密封容器外设置强磁场,然后对密封容器内的原料通电,接着旋转磁场,并对密封容器内的原料进行搅拌,使密封容器内的原料混合均匀,制得导电涂料。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的制备方法通过先采用导电聚酯母粒进行双向拉伸制成聚酯薄膜后,再采用喷涂工艺在聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料,使制得聚酯薄膜具有高导电性能,电阻率达103Ω·cm。其中,本发明的导电聚酯母粒在升温定型后,不需进行冷却,而是直接对定型后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料,可使导电涂料中的导电颗粒或导电填料直接嵌入聚酯薄膜中,使本发明的导电聚酯薄膜在使用过程中,附着于导电聚酯薄膜表面的导电填料或导电颗粒不易掉落,延长了本发明的导电聚酯薄膜的使用寿命,提高其表面耐摩擦性。本发明在对聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料的过程中,还可达到降低聚酯薄膜的温度的作用,无需后续再对其进行冷却操作,节省了制备步骤,提高了生产效率。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员的理解,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,实施方式提及的内容并非对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其包括如下制备步骤:
步骤一、对导电聚酯母粒进行预结晶和干燥处理,干燥温度为 170℃,然后将导电聚酯母粒投入单螺杆挤出机进行加热熔融塑化,所述单螺杆挤出机中的挤出温度为280℃,制得聚酯厚膜;
步骤二、对所述聚酯厚膜采用双向拉伸法进行拉伸,纵向拉伸温度为85℃,横向拉伸温度为105℃,拉伸后的聚酯薄膜的厚度为0.3mm,然后升温对拉伸后的聚酯薄膜进行定型,定型温度为235℃;
步骤三、采用喷涂工艺对定型后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料,喷涂后的聚酯薄膜的温度为100℃,喷涂厚度为0.1mm;
步骤四、对喷涂导电涂料后的聚酯薄膜进行电晕处理,分切成要求宽度后卷曲,制得高导电聚酯薄膜。
其中,所述导电聚酯母粒包括如下质量百分比的原料:
Figure BDA0002236843390000061
其中,所述导电涂料包括如下重量份数的原料:
Figure BDA0002236843390000062
其中,所述纳米金属氧化物粉末为TiO2纳米导电粉。
其中,所述纳米金属粉末为铜、银按重量比为1:1组成的混合物。
其中,所述基体树脂为聚丙烯树脂按重量比为1:1组成的混合物。
其中,所述分散剂为硬脂酸钡,所述偶联剂为甲基三甲氧基硅烷,所述流平剂为聚二甲基硅油,所述溶剂为乙醇。
其中,所述导电聚酯母粒的制备步骤如下:
步骤A、将纳米级石墨烯、碳纳米管、纳米金属粉末、纳米金属氧化物粉末、纳米级导电炭黑和聚酯装入密封容器内;
步骤B、在密封容器外设置强磁场,所述磁场强度为0.35T,然后对密封容器内的原料通电,电流密度为25mA/cm2,通电时长为25min,,接着旋转磁场,旋转速度为50r/min,并对密封容器内的原料进行搅拌,搅拌速度为300r/min,搅拌时长为30min,使密封容器内的原料混合均匀,得混合料;
步骤C、将混合料投入单螺杆挤出设备进行混炼、挤出、造粒,所述单螺杆挤出设备的挤出温度为280℃,制得导电母粒。
其中,所述导电涂料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤a、纳米级石墨烯片、碳纳米管、纳米金属氧化物粉末、纳米金属粉末、纳米级导电炭黑、分散剂、偶联剂、流平剂、基体树脂、溶剂装入密封容器内;
步骤b、在密封容器外设置强磁场,然后对密封容器内的原料通电,电流密度为12.5mA/cm2,通电时长为25min,接着旋转磁场,磁场强度为0.3T,转动速度为40r/min,并对密封容器内的原料进行搅拌,搅拌速度为300r/min,搅拌时长为30min,使密封容器内的原料混合均匀,制得导电涂料。
实施例2
一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其包括如下制备步骤:
步骤一、对导电聚酯母粒进行预结晶和干燥处理,干燥温度为 150-190℃,然后将导电聚酯母粒投入单螺杆挤出机进行加热熔融塑化,所述单螺杆挤出机中的挤出温度为270℃-290℃,制得聚酯厚膜;
步骤二、对所述聚酯厚膜采用双向拉伸法进行拉伸,纵向拉伸温度为80-90℃,横向拉伸温度为100-110℃,拉伸后的聚酯薄膜的厚度为0.3mm,然后升温对拉伸后的聚酯薄膜进行定型,定型温度为230-240℃;
步骤三、采用喷涂工艺对定型后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料,喷涂后的聚酯薄膜的温度为50-150℃,喷涂厚度为0.1mm;
步骤四、对喷涂导电涂料后的聚酯薄膜进行电晕处理,分切成要求宽度后卷曲,制得高导电聚酯薄膜。
其中,所述导电聚酯母粒包括如下质量百分比的原料:
Figure BDA0002236843390000081
其中,所述导电涂料包括如下重量份数的原料:
Figure BDA0002236843390000082
其中,所述纳米金属氧化物粉末为TiO2纳米导电粉、ITO纳米导电粉按重量比为1:1组成的混合物。
其中,所述纳米金属粉末为铜、银、镍按重量比为1:1:1组成的混合物。
其中,所述基体树脂为聚乙烯树脂,所述分散剂为硬脂酸锌,所述偶联剂为甲基三乙氧基硅烷,所述流平剂为聚醚改性有机硅氧烷,所述溶剂为苯乙烯。
其中,所述导电聚酯母粒的制备步骤如下:
步骤A、将纳米级石墨烯、碳纳米管、纳米金属粉末、纳米金属氧化物粉末、纳米级导电炭黑和聚酯装入密封容器内;
步骤B、在密封容器外设置强磁场,所述磁场强度为0.1T,然后对密封容器内的原料通电,电流密度为20mA/cm2,通电时长为30min,接着旋转磁场,旋转速度为50r/min,并对密封容器内的原料进行搅拌,搅拌速度为300r/min,搅拌时长为30min,使密封容器内的原料混合均匀,得混合料;
步骤C、将混合料投入单螺杆挤出设备进行混炼、挤出、造粒,制得导电聚酯母粒。其中,挤出温度为270℃。
其中,所述导电涂料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤a、纳米级石墨烯片、碳纳米管、纳米金属氧化物粉末、纳米金属粉末、纳米级导电炭黑、分散剂、偶联剂、流平剂、基体树脂、溶剂装入密封容器内;
步骤b、在密封容器外设置强磁场,磁场强度为0.2T,然后对密封容器内的原料通电,电流密度为10mA/cm2,通电时长为30min,接着旋转磁场,转动速度为40r/min,并对密封容器内的原料进行搅拌,搅拌速度为300r/min,搅拌时长为30min,使密封容器内的原料混合均匀,制得导电涂料。
实施例3
一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其包括如下制备步骤:
步骤一、对导电聚酯母粒进行预结晶和干燥处理,干燥温度为 150-190℃,然后将导电聚酯母粒投入单螺杆挤出机进行加热熔融塑化,所述单螺杆挤出机中的挤出温度为270℃-290℃,制得聚酯厚膜;
步骤二、对所述聚酯厚膜采用双向拉伸法进行拉伸,纵向拉伸温度为80-90℃,横向拉伸温度为100-110℃,拉伸后的聚酯薄膜的厚度为0.3mm,然后升温对拉伸后的聚酯薄膜进行定型,定型温度为 230-240℃;
步骤三、采用喷涂工艺对定型后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料,喷涂后的聚酯薄膜的温度为50-150℃,喷涂厚度为0.1mm;
步骤四、对喷涂导电涂料后的聚酯薄膜进行电晕处理,分切成要求宽度后卷曲,制得高导电聚酯薄膜。
其中,所述导电聚酯母粒包括如下质量百分比的原料:
Figure BDA0002236843390000101
其中,所述导电涂料包括如下重量份数的原料:
Figure BDA0002236843390000102
Figure BDA0002236843390000111
其中,所述纳米金属氧化物粉末为TiO2纳米导电粉、ITO纳米导电粉、FTO纳米导电粉按重量比为1:1:1组成的混合物。
其中,所述纳米金属粉末为铜、银、镍、铂按重量比为1:1:1:1 组成的混合物。
其中,所述基体树脂为聚丙烯树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂按重量比为 1.2:2组成的混合物。
其中,所述分散剂为聚乙烯蜡,所述偶联剂为乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷,所述流平剂为聚二甲基硅油、聚醚改性有机硅氧烷按重量比为1:1组成的混合物,所述溶剂为丙酮。
其中,所述导电聚酯母粒的制备步骤如下:
步骤A、将纳米级石墨烯、碳纳米管、纳米金属粉末、纳米金属氧化物粉末、纳米级导电炭黑和聚酯装入密封容器内;
步骤B、在密封容器外设置强磁场,所述磁场强度为0.6T,然后对密封容器内的原料通电,电流密度为30mA/cm2,通电时长为20min,接着旋转磁场,旋转速度为50r/min,并对密封容器内的原料进行搅拌,搅拌速度为300r/min,搅拌时长为30min,使密封容器内的原料混合均匀,得混合料;
步骤C、将混合料投入单螺杆挤出设备进行混炼、挤出、造粒,所述单螺杆挤出设备的挤出温度为290℃,制得导电母粒。
其中,所述导电涂料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤a、纳米级石墨烯片、碳纳米管、纳米金属氧化物粉末、纳米金属粉末、纳米级导电炭黑、分散剂、偶联剂、流平剂、基体树脂、溶剂装入密封容器内;
步骤b、在密封容器外设置强磁场,磁场强度为0.4T,然后对密封容器内的原料通电,电流密度为15mA/cm2,通电时长为20min,接着旋转磁场,转动速度为40r/min,并对密封容器内的原料进行搅拌,搅拌速度为300r/min,搅拌时长为30min,使密封容器内的原料混合均匀,制得导电涂料。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于,对比例1采用市售的聚酯母粒制备聚酯薄膜,而对比例1的其它制备步骤与实施例1的相同,在此不做赘述。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于,对比例2的聚酯薄膜表面不喷涂导电涂料,而对比例2的其它制备步骤与实施例1的相同,在此不做赘述。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1的不同在于,对比例3的导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法包括如下制备步骤:
步骤(1)、对导电聚酯母粒进行预结晶和干燥处理,干燥温度为170℃,然后将导电聚酯母粒投入单螺杆挤出机进行加热熔融塑化,所述单螺杆挤出机中的挤出温度为280℃,制得聚酯厚膜;
步骤(2)、对所述聚酯厚膜采用双向拉伸法进行拉伸,纵向拉伸温度为85℃,横向拉伸温度为105℃,拉伸后的聚酯薄膜的厚度为 0.3mm,然后升温对拉伸后的聚酯薄膜进行定型,定型温度为235℃,接着冷却至100℃;
步骤(3)、采用喷涂工艺对冷却后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料,喷涂厚度为0.1mm;
步骤(4)、对喷涂导电涂料后的聚酯薄膜进行电晕处理,分切成要求宽度后卷曲,制得高导电聚酯薄膜。
性能测试
测试实施例1-3及对比例1-3制得的聚酯薄膜产品的断裂伸长率和电阻率,将试验结果记录于表1中。
实施例1-3及对比例1-3制得的聚酯薄膜产品的性能结果
表1
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例1 对比例2 对比例3
电阻率(Ω·cm) 5.98×10<sup>3</sup> 2.10×10<sup>3</sup> 9.42×10<sup>3</sup> 9.23×10<sup>5</sup> 8.36×10<sup>4</sup> 9.42×10<sup>4</sup>
断裂伸长率 9% 7.5% 15% 30% 10.5% 8.7%
测试结果分析:
通过表1的试验数据可知,本发明的制备方法制得的聚酯薄膜的导电性能优于对比例1-3的,本发明的聚酯薄膜的电阻率达103Ω·cm。通过对比例3和实施例1对比可知,对定型后的聚酯薄膜直接喷涂导电涂料制备导电聚酯薄膜相比定型后直接冷却再喷涂导电涂料制备导电聚酯薄膜,前者制得的导电聚酯薄膜的导电性能更好。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实现方案,除此之外,本发明还可以其它方式实现,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下任何显而易见的替换均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下制备步骤:
步骤一、对导电聚酯母粒进行预结晶和干燥处理,然后将导电聚酯母粒投入单螺杆挤出机进行加热熔融塑化,并制得聚酯厚膜;
步骤二、对所述聚酯厚膜采用双向拉伸法进行拉伸,然后升温对拉伸后的聚酯薄膜进行定型;
步骤三、采用喷涂工艺对定型后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料;
步骤四、对喷涂导电涂料后的聚酯薄膜进行电晕处理,制得高导电聚酯薄膜;
其中,所述步骤二中的定型温度为230-240℃;聚酯薄膜进行定型后,不需进行冷却,而是直接对定型后的聚酯薄膜表面喷涂导电涂料;
其中,所述导电涂料包括如下重量份数的原料:
纳米级石墨烯片 10-40
碳纳米管 10-30
纳米金属氧化物粉末 5-20
纳米金属粉末 10-30
纳米级导电炭黑 10-40
分散剂 1-2
偶联剂 1-3
流平剂 1-2.5
基体树脂 20-30
溶剂 40-50;
其中,所述导电涂料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤a、纳米级石墨烯片、碳纳米管、纳米金属氧化物粉末、纳米金属粉末、纳米级导电炭黑、分散剂、偶联剂、流平剂、基体树脂、溶剂装入密封容器内;
步骤b、在密封容器外设置强磁场,然后对密封容器内的原料通电,接着旋转磁场,并对密封容器内的原料进行搅拌,使密封容器内的原料混合均匀,制得导电涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中的干燥温度为150-190℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中单螺杆挤出机中的挤出温度为270℃-290℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中双向拉伸时的纵向拉伸温度为80-90℃,横向拉伸温度为100-110℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三中,喷涂后的聚酯薄膜的温度为50-150℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述导电聚酯母粒包括如下质量百分比的原料:
纳米级石墨烯 1-30%
碳纳米管 1-20%
纳米金属粉末 1-20%
纳米金属氧化物粉末 0-10%
纳米级导电炭黑 1-30%
聚酯 40%-50%。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米金属氧化物粉末为TiO2纳米导电粉、ITO纳米导电粉、FTO纳米导电粉、ATO纳米导电粉、AZO纳米导电粉、GZO纳米导电粉中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1或6所述的一种高导电聚酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米金属粉末为铜、银、镍、铂中的至少一种。
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