CN110741822A - Grafting method of muskmelon - Google Patents
Grafting method of muskmelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN110741822A CN110741822A CN201911120148.8A CN201911120148A CN110741822A CN 110741822 A CN110741822 A CN 110741822A CN 201911120148 A CN201911120148 A CN 201911120148A CN 110741822 A CN110741822 A CN 110741822A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/32—Automatic apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a melon grafting method, which comprises the steps of cleaning white-seed pumpkin seeds and high-quality melon varieties by using clean water, soaking for 40-50min by using a 30-32 ℃ seed soaking liquid, then fishing out and cleaning surface mucosa of the seeds, wrapping the seeds by using wet cloth, placing the seeds in a constant temperature box, controlling the temperature of the constant temperature box to be 31-32 ℃, enabling the seeds to germinate, greatly improving the germination rate of the seeds, improving the survival rate of stocks and scions before grafting, and further improving the survival rate of the grafted melon seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grafting methods, in particular to a melon grafting method, and belongs to the technical field of melon grafting method application.
Background
The seedlings of melons are mature, and the high-quality melons have a large variety. However, the melons are most forbidden to be continuously planted, and the greenhouse planting is certainly repeated every year, under the condition, grafted seedlings of the melons are indispensable, and the grafted seedlings have the advantages that the high quality and the high yield of the melons can be guaranteed on the basis of continuous cropping. Because the root system of the bottle gourd is developed, the requirement on continuous cropping land is not high, the compatibility with the melon is good, the grafted melon seedlings have few soil-borne diseases, the taste is good, the yield is high, the existing melon grafting method generally needs multiple persons to cooperate with one another to complete the grafting, the consumed manpower and material resources are more, the manual operation speed is influenced, and the grafting efficiency is generally lower; the existing melon grafting method needs simultaneous operation by multiple persons, and the damage such as bending of grafted seedlings and the like is easily caused by human errors in the process of matching the multiple persons, so that the grafting survival rate is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a melon grafting method, which aims to solve the problems that the existing melon grafting method generally needs to be operated by multiple persons simultaneously in a matching way when grafting is carried out, so that the grafting needs to consume more manpower and material resources and is influenced by the speed of manual operation, and the grafting efficiency is generally lower; the existing melon grafting method needs simultaneous operation by multiple persons, and the damage such as bending of grafted seedlings and the like is easily caused by human errors in the process of matching the multiple persons, so that the grafting survival rate is influenced.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a grafting method of melons comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following specific process steps of selection of stocks and scions, seedling raising, grafting and management after grafting:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a stock and a scion, selecting white-seed pumpkins as the stock, selecting high-quality melon varieties as the scion, cleaning the white-seed pumpkins and the high-quality melon varieties by using clean water, soaking the white-seed pumpkins and the high-quality melon varieties for 40-50min by using a soaking liquid at 30-32 ℃, then fishing out and cleaning surface mucosa of the seeds, wrapping the seeds by using wet cloth, and placing the seeds into a constant temperature box, wherein the temperature of the constant temperature box is controlled to be 31-32 ℃ so as to enable the seeds to germinate;
step two: seedling culture: uniformly mixing 3 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of fertile farmland soil to serve as base soil, using disinfectant formed by diluting 100-fold and 110-fold formalin to disinfect the base soil, covering the base soil with a film for a week, opening a nutrient soil pile before use, airing the base soil for a week, uniformly pouring the base soil into a hole tray, dibbling seeds with the bud length of 2-3mm in the step one into the hole tray, and separately culturing the stock seedlings and the scion seedlings;
step three: and D, grafting, namely feeding the hole trays cultured with the pumpkin seedlings and the sweet melon seedlings in the step two onto two feeding plates through two conveying belts respectively, starting a fifth cylinder to enable the fifth cylinder to push a fifth push rod to move, enabling the fifth push rod to push a sliding plate to move relative to a reversing block, enabling the sliding plate to push the seedlings to be grafted to automatically push the feeding plates to a supporting plate through the sliding plate sequentially, starting a second cylinder to push a second push rod to move, enabling the second push rod to push a first vertical plate to move, further enabling the first vertical plate to move along the length direction of a first sliding rail through a first sliding block, enabling the first vertical plate to move to the position right above the pumpkin seedlings placed on the supporting plate through the driving of the first cylinder, starting the first cylinder to push the first push rod to move downwards, enabling the first push rod to push a first moving plate to move downwards, further enabling the first moving plate to move downwards along the length direction of a second sliding rail through the second sliding block, so that the picking cylinder moves to one end of the pumpkin seedling hole disc, the picking cylinder is started to enable the picking cylinder to clamp the hole disc at the bottom end of the pumpkin seedling and move to the operation table for grafting through the driving of the second cylinder, the third cylinder is started simultaneously, the third cylinder pushes the third push rod to move, the third push rod pushes the second vertical plate to move along the length direction of the third slide rail through the third slide block so as to enable the second vertical plate to move to the position right above the melon seedling hole disc, the fourth cylinder is started, the fourth cylinder pushes the fourth push rod to move downwards so as to enable the fourth push rod to push the second moving plate to move downwards, the second moving plate moves downwards along the length direction of the fourth cylinder through the fourth slide block so as to enable the picking cylinder to move to one end of the melon seedling hole disc, the picking cylinder is started so that the picking cylinder drives the clamping plate to clamp the melon seedling hole disc, and the melon seedling hole disc is moved to the operation table through the driving of the third cylinder, controlling one true leaf of the stock by using an index finger and a thumb of a right hand, supporting the other true leaf by using a middle finger, taking a blade by using a left hand to cut off one true leaf and two cotyledons of the stock, controlling the two cotyledons by using the index finger and the middle finger during scion cutting, controlling a stem by using the thumb to cut off a diagonal plane, and sticking the stock and the scion after the stock and the scion are cut off and clamping the stock and the scion by using a clamp;
and step four, managing after grafting, wherein the cultivation temperature of the grafted nursery stock is 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is 80%.
Furthermore, in the third step, the grafted seedling is selected from a pumpkin seedling when the pumpkin grows to two true leaves and a sweet melon seedling of two cotyledons of the melon, the grafting mode adopts a grafting or sticking mode, the section of the stock is 1.0-1.5cm, the pulp cavity tissue is not cut, and the section of the scion seedling is 1-1.5cm away from the cotyledons.
Further, in the third step, a first slide rail passes through bolt and first support fixed connection, first slide rail is the level setting, there is a first base that is used for supporting first support bottom of first support through bolt fixed mounting, sliding connection has a first slider on the first slide rail, first slider passes through bolt and first riser fixed connection, first riser is the U-shaped structure, screw hole fixed mounting is passed through to the one end of first riser has the second push rod, the one end movable mounting of second push rod has the second cylinder, bolt and first support fixed connection are passed through to the bottom of second cylinder.
Further, there is first cylinder on the top of first riser through bolt fixed mounting, the bottom movable mounting of first cylinder has first push rod, the bottom of first push rod runs through first riser downwardly extending, and the bottom of first push rod passes through screw hole and first movable plate fixed connection, the one end of first movable plate passes through bolt fixed mounting has the second slider, second slider and second slide rail sliding connection, the second slide rail passes through bolt and first riser fixed connection, the one end of first movable plate passes through bolt fixed mounting and is used for pressing from both sides the cylinder of taking of getting the stock cave dish.
Further, the bottom of third cylinder passes through bolt and second support fixed connection, and the second base that is used for supporting is installed perpendicularly to the bottom of second support, and the one end movable mounting of third cylinder has the third push rod, and the one end of third push rod passes through screw hole and second riser fixed connection, and the second riser is the U-shaped structure.
Further, a third slider is fixedly mounted at one end of the second vertical plate through a bolt, the third slider is connected with a third slide rail in a sliding mode, the third slide rail is fixedly connected with the second support through a bolt, a fourth cylinder is fixedly mounted at the top end of the second vertical plate through a bolt, a fourth push rod is movably mounted at the bottom end of the fourth cylinder, the bottom end of the fourth push rod penetrates through the top end of the second vertical plate and extends downwards, and the bottom end of the fourth push rod is fixedly connected with the second movable plate through a threaded hole.
Furthermore, a fourth slider is fixedly mounted at one end of the second moving plate through a bolt, the fourth slider is connected with a fourth sliding rail in a sliding mode, the fourth sliding rail is fixedly connected with the second vertical plate through a bolt, a material taking cylinder is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the second moving plate through a bolt, and a clamping plate is movably mounted at the bottom end of the material taking cylinder.
Further, bolt and fixing base fixed connection are passed through to the bottom of delivery sheet, there is the switching-over piece on the top of fixing base through bolt fixed mounting, the upper end of switching-over piece is provided with the mounting groove, slidable mounting has the slide in the mounting groove, the one end of slide is provided with the mounting hole, the slide passes through mounting hole and fifth push rod fixed connection, the one end movable mounting of fifth push rod has the fifth cylinder, bolt and fixing base fixed connection are passed through to the bottom of fifth cylinder, bolt fixed mounting is passed through to the one end of switching-over piece has the backup pad.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method comprises the steps of cleaning white-seed pumpkin seeds and high-quality melon varieties by using clean water, soaking the white-seed pumpkin seeds and the high-quality melon varieties in a soaking liquid at the temperature of 30-32 ℃ for 40-50min, fishing out the white-seed pumpkin seeds and the high-quality melon varieties to clean surface mucosa of the seeds, wrapping the white-seed pumpkin seeds and the high-quality melon varieties by using wet cloth, placing the white-seed pumpkin seeds and the high-quality melon varieties into a constant temperature box, controlling the temperature of the constant temperature box to be 31-32 ℃, enabling the seeds to germinate, enabling the germination rate of the seeds to be greatly improved, improving the survival rate of stocks and scions before grafting, and further improving the survival rate of the grafted melon seedlings.
2. Promote the second push rod through the second cylinder and remove, make the first riser of second push rod promotion remove, so that the drive that makes first riser pass through first cylinder removes to the pumpkin seedling placed directly over in the backup pad, promote first push rod downstream through first cylinder, the cylinder of taking removes the one end to pumpkin seedling cave dish, start the cylinder of taking makes the cave dish of taking cylinder centre gripping pumpkin seedling bottom and remove to the operation panel through the drive of second cylinder, make the stock can automatic feed in order to make things convenient for the operator to take, thereby it is used for cooperating the operator to take the stock not to increase the manpower additionally, and then the feeding efficiency of stock has been improved greatly, and then the human input of grafting has been reduced, thereby also the efficiency of grafting has been improved greatly, the damage that the stock caused because of manual operation in artifical feeding process to the stock has also been avoided simultaneously.
3. Promote the fourth push rod downstream through the fourth cylinder, make the fourth push rod promote the second movable plate downstream, make it removes the one end that the material cylinder removed to melon seedling cave dish, it carries out the centre gripping to melon seedling cave dish to get the material cylinder drive grip block, and remove melon seedling cave dish to the operation panel through the drive of third cylinder, make scion grafting seedling can automatic feed in order to make things convenient for the operator to take, thereby do not need additionally to increase the manpower and be used for cooperating the operator to take the scion grafting seedling, and then improved the feeding efficiency of scion grafting seedling greatly, and then reduced the human input of grafting, thereby the efficiency of grafting has also been improved greatly, also avoided the damage that the scion grafting seedling caused because of manual operation butt joint scion seedling in artifical feeding process simultaneously, thereby the survival rate after the grafting has been improved.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall mounting shaft of the take cylinder and the take cylinder of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting of the pick-up cylinder of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the pick cylinder of the present invention in its installed position.
Fig. 4 is an illustration of the installation of the take-off cylinder of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a left side view of the take off cylinder assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the installation of the feed plate of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first base; 2. a first bracket; 3. a first slide rail; 4. a first slider; 5. a first vertical plate; 6. a first cylinder; 7. a first push rod; 8. a second cylinder; 9. a second push rod; 10. a first moving plate; 11. a second slider; 12. a second slide rail; 13. taking a cylinder; 14. a second base; 15. a second bracket; 16. a third cylinder; 17. a third push rod; 18. a second vertical plate; 19. a third slide rail; 20. a third slider; 21. a fourth slide rail; 22. a fourth slider; 23. a fourth cylinder; 24. a fourth push rod; 25. a second moving plate; 26. a material taking cylinder; 27. a clamping plate; 28. a fixed seat; 29. a fifth cylinder; 30. a fifth push rod; 31. a feeding plate; 32. a commutation block; 33. mounting holes; 34. a slide plate; 35. and a support plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a grafting method of melons includes: the method comprises the following specific process steps of selection of stocks and scions, seedling raising, grafting and management after grafting:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a stock and a scion, selecting white-seed pumpkins as the stock, having strong affinity and better muskmelon quality, selecting high-quality muskmelon varieties such as Zaosuan No. 5 and the like as the scion, cleaning the white-seed pumpkins and the high-quality muskmelon varieties by using clean water, soaking the white-seed pumpkins and the high-quality muskmelon varieties for 40-50min by using a 30-32 ℃ soaking liquid, fishing out the white-seed pumpkins and the high-quality muskmelon varieties to clean the surface mucosa of the seeds, wrapping the seeds by using wet cloth, and placing the seeds in a constant;
step two: seedling culture: uniformly mixing 3 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of fertile farmland soil to serve as base soil, using disinfectant formed by diluting 100-fold and 110-fold formalin to disinfect the base soil, covering the base soil with a film for a week, opening a nutrient soil pile before use, airing the base soil for a week, uniformly pouring the base soil into a hole tray, dibbling seeds with tender buds in the step I into the hole tray, and separately culturing the stock seedlings and the scion seedlings;
step three: and (3) grafting, feeding the hole trays cultured with the pumpkin seedlings and the sweet melon seedlings in the step two onto two feeding plates 31 through two conveyor belts respectively, starting a fifth cylinder 29 to enable the fifth cylinder 29 to push a fifth push rod 30 to move, enabling the fifth push rod 30 to push a sliding plate 34 to move relative to a reversing block 32, enabling the sliding plate 34 to push the seedlings to be grafted to automatically push the feeding plates 31 to a supporting plate 35 through the sliding plate 34 in sequence, starting a second cylinder 8, enabling the second cylinder 8 to push a second push rod 9 to move, enabling the second push rod 9 to push a first vertical plate 5 to move, further enabling the first vertical plate 5 to move along the length direction of a first slide rail 3 through a first sliding block 4, enabling the first vertical plate 5 to move to be right above the pumpkin seedlings placed on the supporting plate 35 through the driving of the first cylinder 6, starting the first cylinder 6, enabling the first cylinder 6 to push the first push rod 7 to move downwards, so that the first push rod 7 pushes the first moving plate 10 to move downwards, and further the first moving plate 10 moves downwards along the length direction of the second slide rail 12 through the second slide block 11, so that the picking cylinder 13 moves to one end of the pumpkin seedling plug, the picking cylinder 13 is started, so that the picking cylinder 13 clamps the plug at the bottom end of the pumpkin seedling and moves to the operating table for grafting through the driving of the second cylinder 8, and at the same time, the third cylinder 16 is started, the third cylinder 16 pushes the third push rod 17 to move, so that the third push rod 17 pushes the second vertical plate 18 to move along the length direction of the third slide rail 19 through the third slide block 20, so that the second vertical plate 18 moves to the position right above the melon seedling plug, the fourth cylinder 23 is started, the fourth cylinder 23 pushes the fourth push rod 24 to move downwards, so that the fourth push rod 24 pushes the second moving plate 25 to move downwards, so that the second moving plate 25 moves downwards along the length direction of the fourth cylinder 23 through the fourth slide block 22, the material taking cylinder 26 is moved to one end of the melon seedling hole tray, the material taking cylinder 26 is started, the material taking cylinder 26 drives the clamping plate 27 to clamp the melon seedling hole tray, the melon seedling hole tray is moved to the operating platform through the driving of the third cylinder 16, one true leaf of the stock is controlled by the index finger and the thumb of the right hand, the other true leaf is supported by the middle finger, one true leaf and two cotyledons of the stock are cut off by holding the blade of the left hand, the two cotyledons are controlled by the index finger and the middle finger when scion is cut, the stem rod is controlled by the thumb, a diagonal plane is cut, the stock and the scion are stuck after being cut, and the stock and the scion are clamped by the clamp;
and step four, managing after grafting, wherein the cultivation temperature of the grafted nursery stock is 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is 80%.
In the third step, the section of the stock is 1.0-1.5cm, no pulp cavity tissue is cut, and the section of the scion seedling is 1-1.5cm away from the cotyledon.
And (3) selecting seeds subjected to germination acceleration in the step one, and performing seedling raising and sowing when the length of the buds is 2-3 mm.
Selecting the seedling of the grafted seedling in the third step, namely selecting the seedling of the pumpkin when the pumpkin grows to two true leaves, and selecting the seedling of the sweet melon with two cotyledons from the melon;
the grafting mode in the third step adopts a grafting or attaching mode, the survival rate of grafting by the attaching mode is high and reaches more than 95 percent, and the grafting method is simple and easy to learn and convenient for later-stage management.
A first cylinder 6 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the first vertical plate 5 through a bolt, a first push rod 7 is movably arranged at the bottom end of the first cylinder 6, the bottom end of the first push rod 7 penetrates through the first vertical plate 5 to extend downwards, the bottom end of the first push rod 7 is fixedly connected with a first moving plate 10 through a threaded hole, a second slide block 11 is fixedly arranged at one end of the first moving plate 10 through a bolt, the second slide block 11 is slidably connected with a second slide rail 12, the second slide rail 12 is fixedly connected with the first vertical plate 5 through a bolt, a taking cylinder 13 for clamping a parental stock hole tray is fixedly arranged at one end of the first moving plate 10 through a bolt, when an operator performs grafting, the second push rod 9 is pushed by the second cylinder 8 to move, so that the second push rod 9 pushes the first vertical plate 5 to move, and further the first vertical plate 5 moves along the length direction of the first slide rail 3 through the first slide block 4, so that the first vertical plate 5 moves to the position right above the pumpkin seedlings placed on the supporting plate 35 by the driving of the first cylinder 6, the first push rod 7 is pushed to move downwards by the first air cylinder 6, so that the first push rod 7 pushes the first moving plate 10 to move downwards, so that the first moving plate 10 is moved downwards along the length direction of the second slide rail 12 by the second slider 11, so that the taking cylinder 13 moves to one end of the pumpkin seedling hole tray, the taking cylinder 13 is started to enable the taking cylinder 13 to clamp the hole tray at the bottom end of the pumpkin seedling and move to the operating platform through the driving of the second cylinder 8, the stock can be automatically fed to be convenient for an operator to take, so that extra manpower is not needed to be added for matching the operator to take the stock, thereby greatly improving the stock feeding efficiency, further reducing the labor input of grafting, further greatly improving the grafting efficiency, meanwhile, the damage of the rootstock caused by manual operation in the manual feeding process is avoided.
The bottom end of the third cylinder 16 is fixedly connected with the second support 15 through a bolt, the bottom end of the second support 15 is vertically provided with a second base 14 for supporting, one end of the third cylinder 16 is movably provided with a third push rod 17, one end of the third push rod 17 is fixedly connected with a second vertical plate 18 through a threaded hole, and the second vertical plate 18 is of a U-shaped structure.
One end of the second vertical plate 18 is fixedly provided with a third slider 20 through a bolt, the third slider 20 is connected with a third slide rail 19 in a sliding manner, the third slide rail 19 is fixedly connected with the second support 15 through a bolt, the top end of the second vertical plate 18 is fixedly provided with a fourth cylinder 23 through a bolt, the bottom end of the fourth cylinder 23 is movably provided with a fourth push rod 24, the bottom end of the fourth push rod 24 penetrates through the top end of the second vertical plate 18 and extends downwards, and the bottom end of the fourth push rod 24 is fixedly connected with the second moving plate 25 through a threaded hole.
A fourth slider 22 is fixedly mounted at one end of a second moving plate 25 through a bolt, the fourth slider 22 is slidably connected with a fourth slide rail 21, the fourth slide rail 21 is fixedly connected with a second vertical plate 18 through a bolt, a material taking cylinder 26 is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the second moving plate 25 through a bolt, a clamping plate 27 is movably mounted at the bottom end of the material taking cylinder 26, a third push rod 17 is pushed by a third cylinder 16 to move, so that the third push rod 17 pushes the second vertical plate 18 to move along the length direction of the third slide rail 19 through a third slider 20, so that the second vertical plate 18 moves to a position right above a melon seedling hole tray, a fourth push rod 24 is pushed by a fourth cylinder 23 to move downwards, so that the fourth push rod 24 pushes the second moving plate 25 to move downwards, so that the second moving plate 25 moves downwards along the length direction of the fourth cylinder 23 through the fourth slider 22, so that the material taking cylinder 26 moves to one end of the melon seedling hole tray, the material taking cylinder 26 is started, so that the material taking cylinder 26 drives the clamping plate 27 to clamp the melon seedling hole tray, the melon seedling hole tray is moved to the operating platform through the driving of the third cylinder 16, scion seedlings can be automatically fed to be taken by an operator conveniently, the scion seedlings do not need to be taken by the operator in an additional manpower adding mode, the feeding efficiency of the scion seedlings is greatly improved, the labor input of grafting is reduced, the efficiency of grafting is greatly improved, meanwhile, the damage of the scion seedlings caused by manual operation in the manual feeding process is avoided, and the survival rate after grafting is improved.
The bottom end of the feeding plate 31 is fixedly connected with the fixed seat 28 through a bolt, the top end of the fixed seat 28 is fixedly provided with a reversing block 32 through a bolt, the upper end of the reversing block 32 is provided with a mounting groove, a sliding plate 34 is slidably mounted in the mounting groove, one end of the sliding plate 34 is provided with a mounting hole 33, the sliding plate 34 is fixedly connected with a fifth push rod 30 through the mounting hole 33, one end of the fifth push rod 30 is movably provided with a fifth air cylinder 29, the bottom end of the fifth air cylinder 29 is fixedly connected with the fixed seat 28 through a bolt, one end of the reversing block 32 is fixedly provided with a supporting plate 35 through a bolt, when one end of the reversing block 32 is moved by the feeding plate 31, the fifth air cylinder 29 is started, the fifth air cylinder 29 pushes the fifth push rod 30 to move, so that the fifth push rod 30 pushes the sliding plate 34 and the reversing block 32 to slide relatively, and the sliding plate 34, and then make stock or scion cave dish can be in proper order automatic be transferred to backup pad 35 on, and then conveniently take cylinder 13 or get material cylinder 26 and carry out the centre gripping in order to accomplish automatic feed to the cave dish for the feed of grafting process can go on in succession orderly, thereby greatly reduced the required time of artifical feed, thereby improved the efficiency of grafting.
When the method is used, white-seed pumpkin seeds and high-quality melon varieties are cleaned by clean water, soaked for 40-50min by using a 30-32 ℃ seed soaking liquid, then fished out to clean surface mucosa of the seeds, wrapped by wet cloth, and placed in a constant temperature box, and the temperature of the constant temperature box is controlled to be 31-32 ℃, so that the seeds germinate, the germination rate of the seeds is greatly improved, the survival rate of stocks and scions before grafting is improved, and the survival rate of the melon seedlings after grafting is improved; the second push rod 9 is pushed to move through the second cylinder 8, so that the second push rod 9 pushes the first vertical plate 5 to move, further the first vertical plate 5 moves through the first sliding block 4 along the length direction of the first sliding rail 3, so that the first vertical plate 5 moves to the position right above the pumpkin seedling placed on the supporting plate 35 through the driving of the first cylinder 6, the first push rod 7 is pushed to move downwards through the first cylinder 6, so that the first push rod 7 pushes the first moving plate 10 to move downwards, further the first moving plate 10 moves downwards along the length direction of the second sliding rail 12 through the second sliding block 11, so that the taking cylinder 13 moves to one end of the pumpkin seedling hole disc, the taking cylinder 13 is started, the hole disc at the bottom end of the pumpkin seedling is clamped by the taking cylinder 13 and moves to the operating platform through the driving of the second cylinder 8, so that the stock can be automatically fed to facilitate the taking of an operator, and the stock does not need to be additionally added for the taking of the operator, the stock feeding efficiency is greatly improved, the labor input of grafting is reduced, the grafting efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the stock is prevented from being damaged by manual operation in the manual feeding process; the fifth push rod 30 is pushed to move through the fifth air cylinder 29, so that the fifth push rod 30 pushes the sliding plate 34 and the reversing block 32 to slide relatively, the sliding plate 34 moves the stock or the scion on the feeding plate 31 to the supporting plate 35, the stock or the scion hole tray can be sequentially and automatically transferred to the supporting plate 35, the hole tray can be conveniently clamped by the taking air cylinder 13 or the material taking air cylinder 26 to complete automatic feeding, feeding in the grafting process can be continuously and orderly carried out, time required by manual feeding is greatly reduced, and grafting efficiency is improved; the fourth push rod 24 is pushed to move downwards by the fourth cylinder 23, the second moving plate 25 is pushed to move downwards by the fourth push rod 24, the second moving plate 25 moves downwards along the length direction of the fourth cylinder 23 by the fourth slider 22, the material taking cylinder 26 is moved to one end of the melon seedling hole tray, the material taking cylinder 26 is started, the material taking cylinder 26 drives the clamping plate 27 to clamp the melon seedling hole tray, the melon seedling hole tray is moved to the operating platform by the driving of the third cylinder 16, the scion seedlings can be automatically fed to be conveniently taken by an operator, no additional manpower is needed for matching the operator to take the scion seedlings, the feeding efficiency of the scion seedlings is greatly improved, the manpower input of grafting is reduced, the grafting efficiency is greatly improved, and the damage of the scion seedlings caused by manual operation in the manual feeding process is avoided, thereby improving the survival rate after grafting.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A melon grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific process steps of selection of stocks and scions, seedling raising, grafting and management after grafting:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a stock and a scion, selecting white-seed pumpkins as the stock, selecting high-quality melon varieties as the scion, cleaning the white-seed pumpkins and the high-quality melon varieties by using clean water, soaking the white-seed pumpkins and the high-quality melon varieties for 40-50min by using a soaking liquid at 30-32 ℃, then fishing out and cleaning surface mucosa of the seeds, wrapping the seeds by using wet cloth, and placing the seeds into a constant temperature box, wherein the temperature of the constant temperature box is controlled to be 31-32 ℃ so as to enable the seeds to germinate;
step two: seedling culture: uniformly mixing 3 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of fertile farmland soil to serve as base soil, using disinfectant formed by diluting 100-fold and 110-fold formalin to disinfect the base soil, covering the base soil with a film for a week, opening a nutrient soil pile before use, airing the base soil for a week, uniformly pouring the base soil into a hole tray, dibbling seeds with the bud length of 2-3mm in the step one into the hole tray, and separately culturing the stock seedlings and the scion seedlings;
step three: grafting, feeding the hole trays cultured with the pumpkin seedlings and the sweet melon seedlings in the second step into two feeding plates (31) through two conveying belts respectively, starting a fifth air cylinder (29) to enable the fifth air cylinder (29) to push a fifth push rod (30) to move, enabling the fifth push rod (30) to push a sliding plate (34) to move relative to a reversing block (32), enabling the sliding plate (34) to push the seedlings to be grafted to be automatically pushed into a supporting plate (35) through the sliding plate (34) on the feeding plate (31), starting a second air cylinder (8), enabling the second air cylinder (8) to push a second push rod (9) to move, enabling the second push rod (9) to push a first vertical plate (5) to move, further enabling the first vertical plate (5) to move along the length direction of a first sliding rail (3) through a first sliding block (4), and enabling the first vertical plate (5) to move to be right above the pumpkin seedlings placed on the supporting plate (35) through the driving of the first air cylinder (6), starting a first air cylinder (6), pushing a first push rod (7) to move downwards by the first air cylinder (6), enabling the first push rod (7) to push a first moving plate (10) to move downwards, further enabling the first moving plate (10) to move downwards along the length direction of a second slide rail (12) through a second slide block (11), enabling a taking air cylinder (13) to move to one end of a pumpkin seedling hole disc, starting the taking air cylinder (13), enabling the taking air cylinder (13) to clamp the hole disc at the bottom end of a pumpkin seedling and move to an operation table through the driving of a second air cylinder (8) so as to be convenient for grafting, simultaneously starting a third air cylinder (16), pushing a third push rod (17) by the third air cylinder (16) to move, enabling the third push rod (17) to push a second vertical plate (18) to move along the length direction of a third slide rail (19) through a third slide block (20), and enabling the second vertical plate (18) to move to the position right above the melon seedling hole disc, starting a fourth cylinder (23), pushing a fourth push rod (24) to move downwards by the fourth cylinder (23), enabling the fourth push rod (24) to push a second moving plate (25) to move downwards, enabling the second moving plate (25) to move downwards along the length direction of the fourth cylinder (23) through a fourth slider (22), enabling a material taking cylinder (26) to move to one end of a melon seedling hole disc, starting the material taking cylinder (26), enabling the material taking cylinder (26) to drive a clamping plate (27) to clamp the melon seedling hole disc, moving the melon seedling hole disc to an operation table through the driving of a third cylinder (16), controlling one true leaf of the stock by a right index finger and a big thumb, supporting the other true leaf by a middle finger, taking a blade to cut off one true leaf and two cotyledons of the stock by a left hand, controlling the two cotyledons by the index finger and the middle finger when cutting the scion, controlling the big thumb to control a stem rod and cut out a face obliquely, after the rootstock and the scion are cut, the rootstock and the scion are stuck and clamped by a clamp;
and step four, managing after grafting, wherein the cultivation temperature of the grafted nursery stock is 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is 80%.
2. The grafting method of the melons according to claim 1, wherein in the step three, the grafted seedlings are selected from the pumpkin seedlings when the pumpkins grow to two true leaves and the sweet melon seedlings with two cotyledons of the melons, the grafting mode adopts a grafting or sticking mode, the section of the stock is 1-1.5cm, medullary cavity tissues are not cut, and the section of the grafted seedlings is 1-1.5cm away from the cotyledons.
3. A melon grafting method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the first slide rail (3) is fixedly connected with the first support (2) through a bolt, the first slide rail (3) is horizontally arranged, a first base (1) for supporting the first support (2) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the first support (2) through a bolt, a first slide block (4) is slidably connected onto the first slide rail (3), the first slide block (4) is fixedly connected with a first vertical plate (5) through a bolt, the first vertical plate (5) is of a U-shaped structure, a second push rod (9) is fixedly installed at one end of the first vertical plate (5) through a threaded hole, a second air cylinder (8) is movably installed at one end of the second push rod (9), and the bottom end of the second air cylinder (8) is fixedly connected with the first support (2) through a bolt.
4. A melon grafting method according to claim 3, wherein a first cylinder (6) is fixedly mounted at the top end of the first vertical plate (5) through a bolt, a first push rod (7) is movably mounted at the bottom end of the first cylinder (6), the bottom end of the first push rod (7) extends downwards through the first vertical plate (5), the bottom end of the first push rod (7) is fixedly connected with the first moving plate (10) through a threaded hole, a second slider (11) is fixedly mounted at one end of the first moving plate (10) through a bolt, the second slider (11) is slidably connected with a second slide rail (12), the second slide rail (12) is fixedly connected with the first vertical plate (5) through a bolt, and a taking cylinder (13) for taking a hole tray is fixedly mounted at one end of the first moving plate (10) through a bolt.
5. A melon grafting method according to claim 1, wherein in step three, the bottom end of the third cylinder (16) is fixedly connected with the second support (15) through a bolt, the bottom end of the second support (15) is vertically provided with a second base (14) for supporting, one end of the third cylinder (16) is movably provided with a third push rod (17), one end of the third push rod (17) is fixedly connected with the second vertical plate (18) through a threaded hole, and the second vertical plate (18) is of a U-shaped structure.
6. A melon grafting method according to claim 5, wherein a third slide block (20) is fixedly mounted at one end of the second vertical plate (18) through a bolt, the third slide block (20) is slidably connected with a third slide rail (19), the third slide rail (19) is fixedly connected with the second support (15) through a bolt, a fourth cylinder (23) is fixedly mounted at the top end of the second vertical plate (18) through a bolt, a fourth push rod (24) is movably mounted at the bottom end of the fourth cylinder (23), the bottom end of the fourth push rod (24) penetrates through the top end of the second vertical plate (18) and extends downwards, and the bottom end of the fourth push rod (24) is fixedly connected with the second moving plate (25) through a threaded hole.
7. A melon grafting method according to claim 6, wherein a fourth slider (22) is fixedly mounted at one end of the second moving plate (25) through a bolt, the fourth slider (22) is slidably connected with a fourth slide rail (21), the fourth slide rail (21) is fixedly connected with the second vertical plate (18) through a bolt, a material taking cylinder (26) is fixedly mounted at the bottom end of the second moving plate (25) through a bolt, and a clamping plate (27) is movably mounted at the bottom end of the material taking cylinder (26).
8. The grafting method of the melons according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the bottom end of the feeding plate (31) is fixedly connected with the fixed seat (28) through a bolt, the top end of the fixed seat (28) is fixedly provided with the reversing block (32) through a bolt, the upper end of the reversing block (32) is provided with a mounting groove, a sliding plate (34) is slidably mounted in the mounting groove, one end of the sliding plate (34) is provided with a mounting hole (33), the sliding plate (34) is fixedly connected with the fifth push rod (30) through the mounting hole (33), one end of the fifth push rod (30) is movably provided with the fifth air cylinder (29), the bottom end of the fifth air cylinder (29) is fixedly connected with the fixed seat (28) through a bolt, and one end of the reversing block (32) is fixedly provided with the supporting plate (35).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911120148.8A CN110741822A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Grafting method of muskmelon |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911120148.8A CN110741822A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Grafting method of muskmelon |
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| CN110741822A true CN110741822A (en) | 2020-02-04 |
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| CN201911120148.8A Withdrawn CN110741822A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Grafting method of muskmelon |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113287435A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-08-24 | 凉山彝族自治州林业草原科学研究院 | Cutting device for hardwood double-tongue grafting scion |
| CN113678649A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-23 | 安徽省舒城县舒丰现代农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Grafting method of muskmelon |
-
2019
- 2019-11-15 CN CN201911120148.8A patent/CN110741822A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113287435A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-08-24 | 凉山彝族自治州林业草原科学研究院 | Cutting device for hardwood double-tongue grafting scion |
| CN113287435B (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-09-12 | 凉山彝族自治州林业草原科学研究院 | Cutting device for hard branch double-tongue grafting scion |
| CN113678649A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-23 | 安徽省舒城县舒丰现代农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Grafting method of muskmelon |
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