CN110734145A - ecological wetland system with bodies of ore-collecting mountain wastewater treatment and plant residue treatment and use method thereof - Google Patents
ecological wetland system with bodies of ore-collecting mountain wastewater treatment and plant residue treatment and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological wetland system with bodies of types of mine-collected wastewater treatment and plant residue treatment and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of sewage treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to methods for treating acid mine wastewater by using an artificial wetland added with plant fermentation liquor.
Background
Acid mine wastewater (AMD) refers to the particular acidic wastewater formed by exposure of sulphide ores to oxidizing conditions during mining operations, highway construction or other large scale excavation. Where ore mining and smelting are the main sources of such waste water. Such as mining, mineral processing and metallurgy, generate a large amount of sulfur-containing waste, which is disposed in tailings dams or impoundments, and through air and water exposure and microbial activity, the waste forms a mixture of sulfate, heavy metals and acids into water, soil and other environmental bodies. Heavy metals are easily enriched by organisms, enter human bodies along with food chains/nets after biological accumulation and amplification, and finally harm the ecological system and human health, so that the effective treatment of the acidic mine wastewater is very important.
The method for treating acid mine wastewater by using the artificial wetland technology is economic, ecological, friendly and convenient methods, and mainly utilizes the synergistic effect among plant extraction, substrate adsorption and microbial reduction to achieve the purpose of purifying the acid mine wastewater, particularly Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) can utilize an organic carbon source as an electron acceptor to reduce sulfate into sulfide, and the sulfide reacts with heavy metals in the mine wastewater to form stable sulfide precipitate so as to achieve the effects of improving effluent pH and effectively reducing the concentration of the heavy metals and the sulfate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide methods for treating acid mine wastewater by using constructed wetlands added with plant fermentation liquor, and the method and the device can provide a cheap and stable carbon source for reduction reaction of sulfate reducing bacteria in the constructed wetlands, improve the living environment of wetland microorganisms, separate the heavy metal precipitation process from the sulfate reduction reaction, obviously improve the removal efficiency of the system on sulfate radicals and heavy metals in the acid mine wastewater, prolong the service life of the wetlands, enhance the sustainability of system operation, and further realize the possibility of recovering the heavy metals in the wastewater by steps.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
ecological wetland system integrating industrial mine wastewater treatment and plant residue treatment into bodies, and is characterized in that the system consists of a heavy metal precipitation system, a plant residue treatment system and an artificial wetland purification system;
the heavy metal precipitation system comprises a wastewater inlet pipe, a precipitation tank, a wetland plant A or a wetland plant B, wherein the precipitation tank is a cylinder with an opening at the top part , the precipitation tank is of a semi-underground and round structure, a top cover is arranged at the top part of the precipitation tank, the wastewater inlet pipe penetrates through the top cover and extends into the precipitation tank to be connected, the wetland plant A or the wetland plant B is arranged at the upper part of the top cover, the plant residue treatment system comprises a fermentation tank, a fermentation liquor storage tank and a fermentation liquor feeding pipe, and the fermentation tank, the fermentation liquor storage tank and the fermentation liquor feeding pipe are sequentially connected;
the artificial wetland purification system comprises an artificial wetland pool and an artificial wetland water outlet groove; the artificial wetland pool and the artificial wetland water outlet tank are connected through a wetland output pipe; a treatment layer is arranged in the artificial wetland tank; wetland plants B are arranged at the upper part of the artificial wetland pool; the wetland plant B is arranged above the treatment layer;
the bottom of the water outlet tank of the artificial wetland is provided with two water outlet pipes, wherein water outlet pipes are connected with the sedimentation tank through a return pipe;
the top of the sedimentation tank is provided with a wetland water inlet pipe, and the outlet of the wetland water inlet pipe is arranged at the top of the artificial wetland tank;
the outlet of the fermentation liquor feeding pipe is arranged at the upper part of the artificial wetland pool.
, a mud pipe is fixed on the side wall of the sedimentation tank, a top cover is extended out of the top of the mud pipe, the mud pipe is not communicated with the atmosphere in normal state, if necessary, an air compressor is connected to the extended end of the mud pipe, then carbon dioxide or oxygen or air is blown in reversely, and the anaerobic/aerobic environment is supplemented to the mud.
, the sedimentation tank comprises a central tube arranged inside and a reflecting plate arranged right below the central tube, wherein the lower part of the sedimentation tank is arranged in an inverted cone shape, and the reflecting plate is arranged at the transition position of the cylindrical section and the inverted cone section of the sedimentation tank.
, arranging a folded space at the edge of the top cover, connecting the top cover at the top of the sedimentation tank, making the lower edge of the folded space lower than the upper edge of the top of the sedimentation tank, connecting the inlet of the wetland inlet pipe at the lower edge of the folded space, arranging a through hole at the non-folded space of the top cover, and making the aperture of the through hole be 0.8-1.5 cm.
, a partition board is arranged in the fermentation tank to divide the fermentation tank into a fermentation area and a primary liquid storage area, and the partition board is provided with a through hole with the aperture of 0.3-0.5 cm.
, the artificial wetland pool of the artificial wetland purification system is a tube with openings on the top, the treatment layer is sequentially provided with a charcoal layer and a gravel layer from top to bottom, and the inlet of the wetland output pipe is arranged in the gravel layer.
, the method comprises the steps of arranging a flow regulating valve on a wastewater inlet pipe, arranging a water inlet pump on a wetland inlet pipe, arranging a reflux pump on a reflux pipe, arranging a valve on a fermentation liquor outlet pipe, arranging a timing electromagnetic valve and a flowmeter on a fermentation liquor feeding pipe, controlling the feeding amount of the fermentation liquor, and respectively connecting the water inlet pump and the reflux pump with separate timers to control the on-off time of the water pump.
, arranging impervious layers on the inner walls of the water outlet tanks of the sedimentation tank, the artificial wetland tank and the artificial wetland tank to prevent the heavy metal from infiltrating to affect the surrounding soil and underground water, wherein the impervious layers are impervious coating layers which are commercially available impervious coatings, and the plant fermentation tank and the fermentation liquor storage tank are arranged above the artificial wetland tank to provide fermentation liquor by gravitational potential energy without energy consumption.
, the wetland plant A is Reli flower or calamus or cattail or reed, the wetland plant B is Siberian iris or canna, the biochar in the biochar layer is formed by burning plant straws such as reed, canna or fruit shell (walnut shell) under anaerobic condition, the grain diameter after burning is 3-8mm, the gravel grain diameter of the artificial wetland gravel layer is 8-15mm, the thickness of the gravel grain and the thickness ratio of the biochar layer are 1:2-4, the fermentation zone in the plant fermentation tank is a mixture of water, active sludge or marsh bottom mud and plant straws, and the preparation of new fermentation liquor is carried out after residue in the fermentation tank is removed.
The invention relates to a treatment method of an ecological wetland system, which comprises the steps of 1) preparing plant fermentation liquor, namely cutting plant straws such as reed or iris falcata or canna straws, draining, putting into a fermentation tank, and adding water and activated sludge or marsh bottom mud, wherein the adding proportion of the water, the activated sludge or the marsh bottom mud and the plant straws is 1L: 2-5 g: 200 + 500 g, and keeping the anaerobic state for 10-15 days;
2) before the device operates, inoculating activated sludge or marsh substrate sludge of a sewage treatment plant into an artificial wetland pool to finish the acclimation of microorganisms in the wetland; after the domestication is finished, the acid mine wastewater (AMD) firstly enters a sedimentation tank through a water inlet pipe to carry out a sedimentation reaction; the effluent of the sedimentation tank enters an artificial wetland tank through a water inlet pump; in order to save electric energy, the starting time of the water inlet pump in each period is 5-15 min, and water is intermittently fed into the wetland; after staying for 12-48 hours, the sewage flows into the water outlet groove through the wetland water outlet output pipe along with the reentry of the sewage; part of the effluent tank is discharged outside, and part of the effluent flows back to the sedimentation tank through a reflux pump; the reflux pump is opened for 5-10min every day, and the reflux amount is 15-30% of the water discharged from the artificial wetland; the sediment in the sedimentation tank is discharged through a sludge discharge pipe at regular intervals; the sludge is rich in sulfuration state metals, or the metals are recycled.
Compared with the prior device and the operation method for treating the acid mine wastewater by taking the artificial wetland or the biological filter as the basis, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the constructed wetland system of the invention is in a water saturated state, and the selected plants such as iris falcata is more beautiful but has a shallower root system, which can prevent the root system from secreting oxygen to the anaerobic microorganism in the device, so the whole device has a more anaerobic state, which is beneficial to the growth and the function of sulfate reducing bacteria.
The artificial wetland substrate is made of an alkaline biochar material, so that acidity can be neutralized, the pH value of wastewater can be increased, and inhibition of the acidity on microbial growth can be prevented. Meanwhile, the biochar has a large specific surface area, can provide a good attachment environment for the growth and enrichment of microorganisms, has a large adsorption removal capacity for pollutants in the wastewater, and enhances the purification capacity for the wastewater;
the invention is provided with the sedimentation tank at the water inlet, and the reflux pump, the sulfur ions in the water discharged from the artificial wetland are refluxed into the sedimentation tank and react with the acid mine wastewater to form sulfide sediment containing heavy metal, and the heavy metal in the water discharged from the artificial wetland tank can be basically removed, so that the harm of the wastewater to microorganisms in the artificial wetland tank is reduced, the accumulation of the heavy metal in the wetland is avoided, and the service life of the wetland can be effectively prolonged; the sedimentation tank is arranged half underground, the occupied area is small, plants are planted on the upper part of the sedimentation tank, the appearance is attractive, and the straw replenishing function is provided for the plant fermentation tank; heavy metal-containing sulfide precipitates in the sedimentation tank can be recycled and utilized after being discharged through a sludge discharge pipe;
4) the reed or iris falcata straw used for preparing the plant fermentation liquor has sources, the cost is low, the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, the plant fermentation liquor is used as a carbon source and added into the artificial wetland for treating the acid mine wastewater, the reduction action of sulfate reducing bacteria can be rapidly and effectively improved, so that stable effluent quality is obtained, the fermentation liquor enters the artificial wetland in a gravity mode, and the energy consumption is saved.
The invention is further explained in conjunction with the figures and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of constructed wetlands for treating acid mine wastewater.
The reference numbers in the figure are 1-flow regulating valve, 2-wastewater inlet pipe, 3.1-wetland plant A, 3.2-wetland plant B, 4-sedimentation tank, 5-central pipe, 6-reflecting plate, 7-sludge discharge pipe, 8-wetland inlet pipe, 9-water inlet pump, 10-timer, 11-artificial wetland tank, 12-charcoal layer, 13-gravel layer, 14-wetland output pipe, 15-artificial wetland outlet tank, 16-outlet pipe, 17-return pipe, 18-return pump, 19-fermentation tank, 19.1-partition plate, 19.2-fermentation zone, 19.3 primary liquid storage zone, 20-plant straw, 21-fermentation liquid outlet pipe, 22-valve , 23-fermentation liquid storage tank, 24-timing electromagnetic valve, 25-fermentation liquid feeding pipe, 26-top cover and 27-flanging space.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, objects and functions of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
According to the water flow direction, as shown in figure 1, the device main body structure comprises a sedimentation tank 4, a water inlet pump 9, an artificial wetland tank 11, an artificial wetland water outlet tank 16, a reflux pump 19 and a fermentation liquor storage tank 21 connected with the artificial wetland tank 11, wherein the sedimentation tank 4 is provided with a waste water inlet pipe 2 connected with acid mine waste water (AMD) at the end, the sedimentation tank is connected with the water inlet end of the artificial wetland tank 11 through the wetland water inlet pipe 8 and the water inlet pump 9 at the other end, the artificial wetland tank 11 is connected with a water outlet tank 15 through an adjustable output pipe 14, the water outlet tank 15 is provided with two water outlets, is connected with the water outlet pipe 16 and are connected with the sedimentation tank 4, the reflux pipe 17 is provided with the reflux pump 18 which is connected with the water outlet tank 15 and the waste water inlet pipe 2, the fermentation liquor storage tank 23 end is connected with the plant fermentation tank 19 through the fermentation liquor outlet pipe 21, and the fermentation liquor adding pipe end is connected with the artificial wetland tank 11 through the fermentation.
, a flow regulating valve 1 is arranged on the waste water inlet pipe 2 to regulate the inlet flow of waste water, a common valve 22 is arranged on the fermentation liquid outlet pipe 21 to open and close the pipeline and control the flow direction, and a timing electromagnetic valve 24 and a flowmeter are arranged on the fermentation liquid feeding pipe 25 to control the feeding amount of the fermentation liquid.
, the sedimentation tank 4 is a vertical sedimentation tank, which comprises a central pipe 5, a reflecting plate 6 and a mud discharge pipe 7 connected with the wastewater inlet pipe 2, so that heavy metals in the wastewater react with sulfur ions to generate sediment, other solid suspended matters are removed, and the incoming water of the artificial wetland is homogeneous, the sedimentation tank 4 adopts a semi-underground and round structure, the upper part of the sedimentation tank is capped, and plants 3, such as iris citri-odora or canna, are planted in the sedimentation tank 4, the size of which is far larger than the effective volume of the artificial wetland tank 11, and particularly can be 4-8 times.
, the artificial wetland pool 11 is a vertical flow artificial wetland pool which sequentially comprises a charcoal layer 12 and a gravel layer 13 from top to bottom, the charcoal in the charcoal layer 12 is formed by cutting wetland plants (such as reeds and iris falcata L.) or shells (walnut shells) and then burning under anaerobic conditions, the particle size is 3-8mm, iris falcata L.or reed plants 3 are planted on the outer surface of the top end of the charcoal layer, the particle size of gravel particles in the gravel layer 13 is 8-15mm, the ratio of the thickness of the gravel layer 13 to the thickness of the charcoal layer 12 is 1:2-4, a filter screen with the aperture of 2-4 mm is arranged on the inner side of a water outlet of the artificial wetland pool 11 to prevent the filter material from losing, and a wetland output pipe is arranged at the water outlet to ensure that the device is in a water saturation state, thereby being beneficial to growth and enrichment of sulfate reducing bacteria.
, filling water, activated sludge or marsh sludge and plant straws 20 into the plant fermentation tank 19, wherein the sludge is sludge from a sludge dewatering room of a sewage treatment plant or marsh land sludge, cutting the plant straws 20 such as reed or iris falcata straws into pieces of 1-3 cm, draining the pieces, putting the pieces together with the activated sludge or marsh sludge into the fermentation tank, and after the fermentation is finished, opening a valve 22 on a fermentation liquor outlet pipe 21 and allowing the effluent of the plant fermentation tank 19 to flow into a fermentation liquor storage tank 23 for storage, wherein the adding proportion of the water, the activated sludge or the marsh sludge and the plant straws is 1L: 2-5 g: 200-.
When the system is used, in the early stage of operation of the device, anaerobic sludge or marsh substrate sludge of a sewage treatment plant is inoculated into the vertical flow artificial wetland to finish the acclimation of microorganisms in the wetland; after the domestication is finished, acid mine wastewater (AMD) firstly enters a sedimentation tank 4 through a water inlet pipe 2 to carry out a sedimentation reaction; the effluent of the sedimentation tank 4 enters a vertical flow artificial wetland 11 through a water inlet pump 9. In order to save electric energy, the water inlet pump 9 is controlled to be started for 5-15 min by the timer 10 in each period; the wastewater stays in the vertical flow artificial wetland 11 for 12 to 48 hours and then flows into the water outlet groove 15 through the wetland water outlet output pipe 14 along with the reentry of the wastewater. The water outlet groove 15 discharges part of water, and part of water flows back to the sedimentation tank 4 through the reflux pump 9; the time of the reflux pump is 5-10min per day, and the reflux amount is 15-30% of the water output by the artificial wetland 11.
, establishing a plant fermentation tank 19 and a fermentation liquor storage tank 23 above the artificial wetland pool, providing fermentation liquor for the artificial wetland pool 11 by using gravitational potential energy without energy consumption, starting the fermentation liquor feeding valve for a time period corresponding to a water inlet pump , and adding the fermentation liquor according to the ratio of the COD value in the fermentation liquor storage tank to the sulfate radical content in the acid mine wastewater of 0.8:1-2.5: 1.
Example 2
The structure for treating the acid mine wastewater is shown in figure 1, a sedimentation tank, an artificial wetland water outlet tank, a plant fermentation tank and a fermentation liquor storage tank are all made of PE, wherein the length, the width and the height of the artificial wetland tank are respectively 20 cm, 20 cm and 70cm, a gravel layer with the thickness of 15 cm is arranged at the lower part of the artificial wetland tank, the artificial wetland tank is filled with biochar burnt by walnut shells, the particle size is 3-6 mm, the filling height is 50 cm, iris falcata is planted at the upper part of the biochar, 3 g of sludge in the sludge dewatering process of a certain sewage treatment plant is uniformly mixed with water before the device is formally operated, the mixture is inoculated into the artificial wetland tank for times every 5 days, the inoculation is carried out for 4 times, the acclimation of the microorganism of the device is completed, the water inlet pump is fully filled with the wastewater after being started for 10min when the device formally operated, the water inlet pump is closed, the hydraulic retention time of the water in the artificial wetland tank is 24 hours, the outlet water flows into the water outlet tank through a wetland output pipe, part of the water outlet tank flows back to the sedimentation tank through the return pump to the return flow of the wetland tank, part of the return water of the wetland tank, the water reaches 5 min, the concentration of the iron sulfate water of the mine, the return water reaches more than 70 mg, the concentration of the 75 mg of the iron sulfate removal of the iron, the return water of the ion system reaches the ion of.
Example 3
The structure for treating the acid mine wastewater is shown in figure 1, a sedimentation tank is made of reinforced concrete, an artificial wetland tank, an artificial wetland water outlet tank, a plant fermentation tank and a fermentation liquor storage tank are made of PE, wherein the artificial wetland tank is 60 cm, 60 cm and 200 cm in length, width and height, a 60 cm-thick gravel layer is arranged at the lower part of the artificial wetland tank, the artificial wetland tank is filled with biochar burnt by walnut shells, the particle size is 3-6 mm, the filling height is 120 cm, canna is planted at the upper part of the biochar, 5g of sludge in a sludge dewatering room of a certain sewage treatment plant is uniformly mixed with water before the formal operation of the device, the mixture is inoculated into an artificial wetland tank for times every 5 days before the device is operated, the acclimation of the device is completed, the wetland tank is fully filled with wastewater after a water inlet pump is started for 15 min when the device is in formal operation, the water inlet pump is closed, the water outlet pump is stopped, the hydraulic power of the water in the artificial wetland tank flows into a water outlet tank through an outlet pipe, part of the water outlet tank returns to the sedimentation tank through a water pump for 15 min when the water inlet pump is started, the water return flow rate of 10min, the water reaches 10-35 min, the water outlet of the water outlet tank, the water outlet of the water, the water outlet tank reaches the concentration of the water outlet tank, the water of the plant is increased by 10-1500 mg of the plant, the plant reflux rate, the pH value of the plant is increased by 10L, the pH value of 10L.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, kinds of ore-collecting mountain waste water treatment and plant residue treatment are body ecological wetland systems, characterized by that, the system is made up of heavy metal precipitation system, plant residue treatment system and artificial wetland clean system;
the heavy metal precipitation system comprises a wastewater inlet pipe (2), a precipitation tank (4), wetland plants A (3.1) or wetland plants B (3.2), wherein the precipitation tank (4) is a barrel with an opening at the top of , a top cover (26) is arranged at the top of the precipitation tank (4), the wastewater inlet pipe (2) penetrates through the top cover (26) and extends into the precipitation tank (4) to be connected, the wetland plants A (3.1) and the wetland plants B (3.2) are arranged at the upper part of the top cover (26), the plant residue treatment system comprises a fermentation tank (19), a fermentation liquor storage tank (23) and a fermentation liquor feeding pipe (25), and the fermentation tank (19), the fermentation liquor storage tank (23) and the fermentation liquor feeding pipe (25) are sequentially connected;
the artificial wetland purification system comprises an artificial wetland pool (11) and an artificial wetland water outlet groove (15); the artificial wetland pool (11) and the artificial wetland water outlet groove (15) are connected through a wetland output pipe (14); a treatment layer is arranged in the artificial wetland pool (11); wetland plants B (3.2) are arranged at the upper part of the artificial wetland pool (11); wetland plants B (3.2) are arranged above the treatment layer;
the bottom of the artificial wetland water outlet tank (15) is provided with two water outlet pipes (16), wherein water outlet pipes (16) are connected with the sedimentation tank (4) through return pipes (17);
a wetland water inlet pipe (8) is arranged at the top of the sedimentation tank (4), and the outlet of the wetland water inlet pipe (8) is arranged at the top of the artificial wetland tank (11);
the outlet of the fermentation liquor feeding pipe (25) is arranged at the upper part of the artificial wetland pool (11).
2. The ecological wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that a sludge discharge pipe (7) is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the sedimentation tank (4); the top of the sludge discharge pipe (7) extends out of the top cover (26).
3. The ecological wetland system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sedimentation tank (4) comprises a central pipe (5) arranged inside and a reflecting plate (6) arranged right below the central pipe (5); the lower part of the sedimentation tank (4) is arranged to be inverted cone-shaped, and the position of the reflecting plate (6) is arranged at the transition position of the cylindrical section and the inverted cone-shaped section of the sedimentation tank (4).
4. The ecological wetland system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the edge of the top cover (26) is provided with a folding space (27), the top cover (26) is buckled on the top of the sedimentation tank (4) for connection, the lower edge position of the folding space (27) is lower than the upper edge position of the top of the sedimentation tank (4), and the inlet of the wetland water inlet pipe (8) is connected at the lower edge position of the folding space (27); a through hole is provided in the non-folding space (27) of the top cover (26).
5. The ecological wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that a partition (19.1) is arranged in the fermentation tank (19), and the partition (19.1) divides the fermentation tank (19) into a fermentation area (19.2) and a primary liquid storage area (19.3); the clapboard (19.1) is provided with a perforation.
6. The ecological wetland system according to claim 1, wherein the artificial wetland pool (11) of the artificial wetland purification system is arranged as a cylinder with an opening at the top of , the treatment layers are sequentially arranged as a charcoal layer (12) and a gravel layer (13) from top to bottom, and the inlet of the wetland output pipe (14) is arranged in the gravel layer (13).
7. The ecological wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow regulating valve (1) is arranged on the wastewater inlet pipe (2), a water inlet pump (9) is arranged on the wetland inlet pipe (8), a reflux pump (18) is arranged on the reflux pipe (17), a valve (22) is arranged on the fermentation liquor outlet pipe (21), a timing electromagnetic valve (24) is arranged on the fermentation liquor feeding pipe (25), and the water inlet pump (9) and the reflux pump (18) are respectively connected with a separate timer (10).
8. The ecological wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner walls of the sedimentation tank (4), the artificial wetland tank (11) and the artificial wetland tank outlet trough (16) are coated with impermeable layers; the plant fermentation tank (19) and the fermentation liquor storage tank (23) are arranged above the artificial wetland pool (11) and provide fermentation liquor by gravitational potential energy.
9. The ecological wetland system of claim 1, wherein the wetland plant a (3.1) is reshelf flower, calamus, cattail or reed; the wetland plant B (3) is yellow iris or canna; the biochar in the biochar layer (12) is formed by burning plant straws under an anaerobic condition, and the grain size after burning is 3-8 mm; the particle size of the gravel particles of the artificial wetland gravel layer (13) is 8-15mm, and the ratio of the thickness of the gravel particles to the thickness of the biochar layer (13) is 1: 2-4; the fermentation area (19.2) in the plant fermentation tank (19) is a mixture of water, activated sludge or marsh bottom mud and plant straws (20).
10. The method for treating the ecological wetland system according to any of claims 1 to 9 comprises the steps of 1) preparing a plant fermentation liquid, cutting and draining plant straws (20) such as reed, iris citrifolia or canna straws, putting the cut and drained plant straws into a fermentation tank (19), adding water and activated sludge or marsh sludge, wherein the adding proportion of the water, the activated sludge or the marsh sludge to the plant straws (20) is 1L to 2-5g to 200-500 g, and keeping the anaerobic state for 10-15 days, after the fermentation is finished, the solution in the plant fermentation tank (19) flows into a fermentation liquid storage tank (23) for storage and use, and the COD concentration ratio of the fermentation liquid to the water inlet pump (9) is 0.8-2.5: 1;
2) before the device operates, active sludge or marsh bottom sludge of a sewage treatment plant is inoculated into an artificial wetland tank (11) to finish the acclimation of microorganisms in the wetland; after the domestication is finished, the acid mine wastewater firstly enters a sedimentation tank (4) through a water inlet pipe (2) to carry out a sedimentation reaction; the effluent of the sedimentation tank (4) enters an artificial wetland tank (11) through a water inlet pump (9); the starting time of the water inlet pump (9) in each period is 5-15 min, and water is intermittently fed into the wetland; after staying for 12-48 hours in the sewage tank (11), the sewage flows into the water outlet tank (15) through the wetland water outlet output pipe (14) along with the reentry of the sewage; part of the water discharged from the water outlet tank (15) is discharged outside, and part of the water flows back to the sedimentation tank (4) through a reflux pump (19); the reflux pump is opened for 5-10min every day, and the reflux amount is 15-30% of the water output by the artificial wetland (11); the sediment in the sedimentation tank (4) is discharged through a mud pipe (7) at regular intervals; the sludge is rich in sulfuration state metals, or the metals are recycled.
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