CN110731233A - edible fungus culture medium using momordica grosvenori residues as main material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
edible fungus culture medium using momordica grosvenori residues as main material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to edible fungus culture substrates using momordica grosvenori pomace as a main material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of edible fungus culture substrates.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus culture substrates, in particular to edible fungus culture substrates taking momordica grosvenori residues as main materials and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
Edible fungi are high-grade nutritional foods with high protein, low salt, low sugar and low fat, and are rich in vitamins, mineral substances and dietary fibers, foods with wonderful drug effects, " meat and mushrooms" are recommended by the food and agriculture organization of the United nations as the most reasonable dietary structure in the 21 st century.
The momordica grosvenori is western precious and special product, more than 70% of momordica grosvenori is produced from Guilin globally, and the momordica grosvenori is used as a medicine for treating acute and chronic pertussis bronchitis, asthma, hypertension, diabetes and other diseases at present, the momordica grosvenori is industrially used as a production raw material for large-scale extraction of momordica grosvenori sweet glycoside, only Guilin Jiforti momordica grosvenori Limited company produces 6000 plus momordica grosvenori residue annually, and the momordica grosvenori residue is used as fuel or discarded, is rich in organic compounds such as cellulose, grease and the like, develops application research of the momordica grosvenori residue in edible fungus cultivation, develops a brand new technical field of comprehensive utilization of the momordica grosvenori, can change waste into valuable, prolongs an industrial chain of comprehensive utilization of momordica grosvenori resources, achieves the triple purposes of improving economic, environmental and social benefits, and simultaneously provides sufficient and high-quality raw material guarantee for edible fungus production.
The cassava alcohol residues are wastes generated by producing alcohol by using cassava and cassava starch residues as raw materials, the starch content of dry cassava is more than 80 percent, the cassava alcohol residues are ideal raw materials for producing alcohol, along with the development of the cassava alcohol industry, a large amount of cassava alcohol residues are generated, because the cassava alcohol residues have high water content, low nutritional values such as protein and the like and high crude fiber content, the cassava alcohol residues are difficult to utilize, at present, except for a few parts for feeding livestock, most of the rest are discarded, not only resource waste but also environmental pollution is caused, and the cassava alcohol residues become key factors restricting the development of the cassava alcohol, and become difficult problems to be solved urgently by the cassava alcohol industry and the environmental protection department .
At present, few research reports are reported on the edible fungi cultivation by simultaneously utilizing the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues, and the invention researches the influence of the different dosage of the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues in the ratio of the momordica grosvenori residues to the growth and the biotransformation rate of the edible fungi, and provides a theoretical basis for the utilization of the momordica grosvenori residues on the edible fungi.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide edible fungus culture substrates taking momordica grosvenori residues as main materials and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems, the substrates have stable physical and chemical properties and comprehensive and balanced nutrition, the cultured edible fungus hyphae have high growth speed and high yield and biological conversion rate, and the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate and easy to realize.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
edible fungus cultivation medium with fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue as main material comprises, by weight, 77-87% of fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue, 10-20% of cassava alcohol residue, 1-3% of lime, and 1.00% of Gypsum Fibrosum.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 77% of momordica grosvenori residues, 20.00% of cassava alcohol residues, 2.00% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 82% of momordica grosvenori residues, 15.00% of cassava alcohol residues, 2.00% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 87% of momordica grosvenori residues, 10.00% of cassava alcohol residues, 2.00% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
In the invention, the momordica grosvenori residues are dry residues obtained by extracting active ingredients of momordica grosvenori with water and then mechanically dehydrating; the cassava alcohol residues are waste residues obtained by centrifuging, filter-pressing and drying cassava alcohol waste liquid of an alcohol factory.
In the invention, the edible fungi are oyster mushroom, auricularia polytricha or ganoderma lucidum.
method for preparing edible fungus culture medium with fructus momordicae residue as main material, comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues, and then uniformly mixing the crushed momordica grosvenori residues, the cassava alcohol residues, the lime and the gypsum according to a formula ratio to obtain a culture material;
(2) adjusting the water content of the culture material in the step (1) to 65%, adjusting the pH value to 7.5, stirring, filling into a material bag, fastening ends of the bag, binding the filled culture material to be 3/5 of the length of the bag, binding a rope at the mouth of a plastic bag, and sterilizing after binding the mouth of the plastic bag to obtain the culture medium.
And , sterilizing by arranging the material bags in layers in a pot, sterilizing for 3 hours under the pressure of 1.5kg/C square meter, or placing the pot in a normal-pressure sterilizing pot, heating to 100 ℃, preserving heat for 8-10 hours, stewing the pot for 6 hours, and taking the pot out when the material temperature is reduced to the normal temperature.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues are used for cultivating edible fungi, so that the problems of low utilization rate and difficult treatment of momordica grosvenori and cassava processing residues are solved, the momordica grosvenori, cassava and edible fungi cultivation industries are organically combined, the waste of a large number of momordica grosvenori and cassava processing industry resources is avoided in the aspect of , the problem of increasing shortage of the current edible fungi cultivation raw materials is solved in the aspect of , the problem of environmental pollution caused by the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues is solved, and the resources are recycled.
(2) The invention has simple, scientific and reasonable formula, stable matrix physical and chemical properties, comprehensive and balanced nutrition, high growth speed of the cultured edible fungus hyphae and high yield and biological conversion rate; the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate and easy to realize.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Example 1
edible fungus culture medium taking momordica grosvenori residues as main materials comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
77% of momordica grosvenori residues, 20.00% of cassava alcohol residues, 2.00% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
Wherein the fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue is dry residue obtained by extracting effective components of fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii with water and mechanically dehydrating; the cassava alcohol residues are waste residues obtained by centrifuging, filter-pressing and drying cassava alcohol waste liquid of an alcohol factory; the edible fungus is Pleurotus Ostreatus.
method for preparing edible fungus culture medium with fructus momordicae residue as main material, comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues, and then uniformly mixing the crushed momordica grosvenori residues, the cassava alcohol residues, the lime and the gypsum according to a formula ratio to obtain a culture material;
(2) adjusting the water content of the culture material in the step (1) to 65%, adjusting the pH value to 7.5, stirring, filling into a material bag, fastening ends of the bag, binding the filled culture material to be 3/5 of the length of the bag, binding a rope at the mouth of a plastic bag, and sterilizing after binding the mouth of the plastic bag.
Wherein the sterilization comprises the steps of arranging the material bags in a pot in layers, sterilizing for 3 hours under the pressure of 1.5kg/C square meter, and cooling the material to the normal temperature.
Example 2
edible fungus culture medium taking momordica grosvenori residues as main materials comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
82% of momordica grosvenori residues, 15.00% of cassava alcohol residues, 2.00% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
Wherein the fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue is dry residue obtained by extracting effective components of fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii with water and mechanically dehydrating; the cassava alcohol residues are waste residues obtained by centrifuging, filter-pressing and drying cassava alcohol waste liquid of an alcohol factory; the edible fungus is Auricularia polytricha.
method for preparing edible fungus culture medium with fructus momordicae residue as main material, comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues, and then uniformly mixing the crushed momordica grosvenori residues, the cassava alcohol residues, the lime and the gypsum according to a formula ratio to obtain a culture material;
(2) adjusting the water content of the culture material in the step (1) to 65%, adjusting the pH value to 7.5, stirring, filling into a material bag, fastening ends of the bag, binding the filled culture material to be 3/5 of the length of the bag, binding a rope at the mouth of a plastic bag, and sterilizing after binding the mouth of the plastic bag.
Wherein the sterilization comprises the steps of arranging the material bags in a pot in layers, placing the pot in a normal-pressure sterilization pot, heating to 100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8-10 hours, stewing the pot for 6 hours, and taking the pot out until the material temperature is reduced to the normal temperature.
Example 3
edible fungus culture medium taking momordica grosvenori residues as main materials comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
87% of momordica grosvenori residues, 10.00% of cassava alcohol residues, 2.00% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
Wherein the fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue is dry residue obtained by extracting effective components of fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii with water and mechanically dehydrating; the cassava alcohol residues are waste residues obtained by centrifuging, filter-pressing and drying cassava alcohol waste liquid of an alcohol factory; the edible fungus is Ganoderma.
method for preparing edible fungus culture medium with fructus momordicae residue as main material, comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues, and then uniformly mixing the crushed momordica grosvenori residues, the cassava alcohol residues, the lime and the gypsum according to a formula ratio to obtain a culture material;
(2) adjusting the water content of the culture material in the step (1) to 65%, adjusting the pH value to 7.5, stirring, filling into a material bag, fastening ends of the bag, binding the filled culture material to be 3/5 of the length of the bag, binding a rope at the mouth of a plastic bag, and sterilizing after binding the mouth of the plastic bag.
Wherein the sterilization comprises the steps of arranging the material bags in a pot in layers, placing the pot in a normal-pressure sterilization pot, heating to 100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8-10 hours, stewing the pot for 6 hours, and taking the pot out until the material temperature is reduced to the normal temperature.
To illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, the inventors set up the following control tests:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
1.1.1 test strains of high temperature Pleurotus Ostreatus, Auricularia polytricha and Ganoderma lucidum are all provided by edible fungus culture center of institute of microbiology, western academy of agricultural sciences.
1.1.2 mother culture medium (PDA culture medium) including potato 200.00g, glucose 20.00g, agar 20.00g, and water 1000.00 mL.
1.2.3 cultivation substrate raw materials pretreatment of fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue provided by Guilin Jiforti fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii Co., Ltd, pulverizing and sun drying for use. Other raw and auxiliary materials are purchased in the market.
1.2 test methods
1.2.1 test set-up test 5 treatments were set up according to the following culture medium formulation:
① fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue 77%, cassava alcohol residue 20.00%, lime 2.00%, and Gypsum Fibrosum 1.00%.
② fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue 82%, cassava alcohol residue 15.00%, lime 2.00%, and Gypsum Fibrosum 1.00%.
③ fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue 87%, cassava alcohol residue 10.00%, lime 2.00%, and Gypsum Fibrosum 1.00%.
④ comparison, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue 97%, lime 2.00%, and Gypsum Fibrosum 1.00%.
⑤ comparison, cassava alcohol dregs 97%, lime 2.00%, and gypsum 1.00%.
Wherein the fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue is dry residue obtained by extracting effective components of fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii with water and mechanically dehydrating; the cassava alcohol residues are waste residues obtained by centrifuging, filter-pressing and drying cassava alcohol waste liquid of an alcohol factory.
1.2.2 Strain preparation stock, stock and cultivars were prepared by conventional methods.
1.2.3 preparation of fungus bags, each formula is 25kg in dry weight, the three steps are repeated, momordica grosvenori residues and cassava alcohol residues are crushed and dried, then are mixed with lime and gypsum according to the formula proportion, the mixture is uniformly stirred, the water content is adjusted to be 65 percent, the pH value is 7.5, the water content is checked by an empirical method, materials are held by a hand, water drops seep out between finger joints, the materials are suitable for dropping, the materials are mixed well and then filled into the fungus bags, ends of the bags are tied, the filled materials are 3/5 with the length of the bags, ropes are tied on plastic bag openings, and the bag openings are tied (or sealed by special ferrules) and then sterilized.
And arranging the material bags in a pot in layers, placing the pot in a normal-pressure sterilization pot, heating to 100 ℃, preserving the heat for 8-10 hours, taking the pot out after 6 hours of stewing, and inoculating when the temperature of the material is reduced to about 30 ℃.
1.2.4 culturing and inoculating mycelium, placing the mycelium bag in a culture room, and culturing in a dark place according to a conventional method, wherein the room temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 65-70%. Observing the growth condition of the hyphae, and timely picking up and eliminating the fungus bags infected with the mixed fungi if the hyphae are polluted by the mixed fungi so as to avoid infecting other fungus bags.
1.2.5 fruiting management: and (4) carrying out a conventional method.
1.2.6 observation and recording of hypha growth rate and biological efficiency Linear growth measurement was used to record the growth rate (daily growth rate mm/d), hypha growth potential and density of Ganoderma lucidum hyphae in each culture medium formulation (comparing the hypha growth conditions of different treatments with each other, the hypha density and growth potential are shown by "+", and the higher the "+" indicates the higher the hypha density and the higher the growth potential). And (4) performing fruiting management and harvesting according to a conventional method, recording and counting the yield of the first three-tide mushrooms of each formula, and calculating the biological efficiency.
The average growth rate of hyphae per day is the growth amount of hyphae per culture day;
biological efficiency is the percentage of the fresh weight of the mushroom fruiting body to the dry weight of the culture material (substrate).
1.3 statistical analysis
And (4) carrying out significance difference analysis by adopting a new repolarization difference method.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of cultivation substrates of different formulations on the growth of hyphae of edible fungi
As can be seen from tables 1-3, each formula is suitable for the growth of the edible fungus hyphae, but different edible fungus varieties have different growth vigor and growth speed in each formula.
2.1.1 in 5 formula cultivation substrates tested, the difference between formulas ①, ② and ③ is not obvious on the basis of 0.05 and 0.01, the formulas ④ and ⑤ grow slowly and are extremely obvious slower than other formulas, which shows that compared with the single containing either the momordica grosvenori residues or the cassava alcohol residues, the substrate containing both the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues has better effect of promoting the growth of oyster mushroom hypha.
2.1.2 in 5 formula culture media to be tested, the difference between formulas ①, ② and ③ is not obvious at 0.05 and 0.01, the formulas ④ and ⑤ grow slowly and are extremely obvious slower than other formulas, which shows that compared with the single matrix containing either momordica grosvenori residue or cassava alcohol residue, the matrix containing both momordica grosvenori residue and cassava alcohol residue has better effect of promoting the growth of auricularia polytricha hypha.
2.1.3 in 5 formulas of culture medium for Ganoderma, the difference between formulas ①, ②, ③ is not obvious at 0.05 and 0.01, formulas ④, ⑤ grow slower than other formulas, which shows that the medium containing both fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue and cassava alcohol residue has better effect of promoting the growth of Ganoderma mycelium compared with the medium containing fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue or cassava alcohol residue singly .
TABLE 1 growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia on cultivation substrate of different formulations
TABLE 2 growth of trichoderma harzianum mycelium on cultivation substrates of different formulations
TABLE 3 growth of mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum on cultivation substrate of different formulations
2.2 influence of cultivation substrates of different formulations on the yield of edible fungi
As can be seen from tables 4-6, the biological conversion rates of different edible fungus varieties are different according to different culture medium formulas:
for oyster mushroom, auricularia polytricha and ganoderma lucidum, in 5 tested culture mediums with the formula, ①②③ with higher average biological conversion rate is shown in the formula, and the improvement is different from ④⑤ with the comparison formula, which shows that the yield increase effect of is achieved by matching the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues in the culture mediums.
TABLE 4 comparison of the biological conversion of Pleurotus Ostreatus on cultivation substrates of different formulations
TABLE 5 comparison of biological conversion rates of Auricularia polytricha on cultivation substrates of different formulations
TABLE 6 comparison of biological conversion rates of Ganoderma lucidum on cultivation substrates of different formulations
2.3 influence of cultivation substrates of different formulations on the production efficiency of edible fungi
TABLE 7 analysis of the production efficiency of edible mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on cultivation substrates of different formulations
TABLE 8 analysis of the production efficiency of edible fungi (Auricularia polytricha) on cultivation substrates of different formulations
TABLE 9 analysis of the production benefits of edible fungi (Ganoderma lucidum) on cultivation substrates of different formulations
The feed is 1000 bags per formula, and each bag is 1kg dry material, the purchase price of oyster mushroom and auricularia polytricha fresh mushroom system is 6.0 yuan/kg, the dry product of lucid ganoderma is 80.0 yuan/kg, the price of culture material raw materials (containing transportation cost) is 0.35 yuan/kg of momordica grosvenori residue, 1.6 yuan/kg of cassava alcohol residue, 0.70 yuan/kg of gypsum and 0.36 yuan/kg of lime.
From tables 7-9, it can be seen that the input-output ratio of oyster mushroom, auricularia polytricha and ganoderma lucidum planted in the formulas ① and ② with higher biological conversion rate is higher than that of the control formulas ④ and ⑤.
Claims (8)
1, edible fungus cultivation substrates taking momordica grosvenori residues as main materials, which is characterized by comprising the following components, by weight, 77-87% of momordica grosvenori residues, 10-20% of cassava alcohol residues, 1-3% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
2. An edible fungus culture medium taking momordica grosvenori pomace as a main material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 77% of momordica grosvenori residues, 20.00% of cassava alcohol residues, 2.00% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
3. An edible fungus culture medium taking momordica grosvenori pomace as a main material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 82% of momordica grosvenori residues, 15.00% of cassava alcohol residues, 2.00% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
4. An edible fungus culture medium taking momordica grosvenori pomace as a main material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 87% of momordica grosvenori residues, 10.00% of cassava alcohol residues, 2.00% of lime and 1.00% of gypsum.
5. An edible fungus culture medium taking momordica grosvenori residues as main materials according to claim 1, wherein the momordica grosvenori residues are dry residues obtained by extracting effective components of momordica grosvenori with water and then mechanically dehydrating the momordica grosvenori residues; the cassava alcohol residues are waste residues obtained by centrifuging, filter-pressing and drying cassava alcohol waste liquid of an alcohol factory.
6. An edible fungus cultivation medium using momordica grosvenori pomace as a main material according to claim 1, wherein the edible fungus is oyster mushroom, auricularia polytricha or ganoderma lucidum.
7, method for preparing the edible fungus cultivation substrate taking momordica grosvenori residues as main materials in any of claims 1-6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing and drying the momordica grosvenori residues and the cassava alcohol residues, and then uniformly mixing the crushed momordica grosvenori residues, the cassava alcohol residues, the lime and the gypsum according to a formula ratio to obtain a culture material;
(2) adjusting the water content of the culture material in the step (1) to 65%, adjusting the pH value to 7.5, stirring, filling into a material bag, fastening ends of the bag, binding the filled culture material to be 3/5 of the length of the bag, binding a rope at the mouth of a plastic bag, and sterilizing after binding the mouth of the plastic bag to obtain the culture medium.
8. The method for preparing the edible fungus culture medium taking the momordica grosvenori pomace as the main material according to the claim 7, which is characterized in that: the sterilization is to arrange the material bags in a pot in layers, sterilize for 3 hours under the pressure of 1.5kg/C square meter, or place the material bags in a normal pressure sterilization pot, heat the material bags to 100 ℃, keep the temperature for 8 to 10 hours, stew the pot for 6 hours, and take the material bags out of the pot after the temperature of the material bags is reduced to the normal temperature.
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| CN113615478A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-09 | 武汉生物工程学院 | Preparation method of palm-shaped ganoderma lucidum bonsai |
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| CN108191540A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-06-22 | 广西金瑚农林科技有限公司 | A kind of agaric culture medium matter and preparation method thereof |
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