Background technique
Fungus Trichoderma (Trichoderma, hereinafter referred to as trichoderma) is a kind of important soil inhabitant, spore germination
And mycelia growth can adapt to wider soil temperature and humidity and pH range, and rely on hyperparasitism, antibiosis, Competition
The good biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion effect generated with number of mechanisms such as induction of resistance has become biological antifungal preparation and bio-feritlizer is important
Development object.
A large number of studies show that comparing liquid fermentation, solid fermentation can be significant due to the habit closer to trichoderma strain
Improve trichoderma strain spore count amount.Trichoderma strain solid fermentation be related to the Liquid Culture of trichoderma strain, solid material selection with
Processing, the control of culture environment.Currently, there are some scholars to do some researchs to trichoderma strain solid fermentation, such as China
Patent CN105237146A, which is disclosed, utilizes sisal dregs solid fermentation trichoderma;CN103468629A is disclosed to be sent out using orange peel solid
Ferment trichoderma;CN104059860A, which is disclosed, utilizes wheat bran and wood sawdust solid fermentation trichoderma;CN1055862779A, which is disclosed, utilizes work
Object stalk solid fermentation trichoderma.The trichoderma strain fermentation technique of above-mentioned report is mainly concerned with raw material and feedstock processing, culture temperature
Degree, incubation time etc., but do not account for the yeasting of trichoderma strain, if yeasting be not it is clean, be difficult to protect
The trichoderma strain of card every batch of is attained by qualified quality.
STEVIA REBAUDIANA (Stevia rebaudiana) stevia glucoside rich in is after sucrose and beet sugar
Three kinds of natural sugar sources.Stevia rebaudiana dregs are the products after stevia glucoside is extracted, crude fibre and crude protein rich in.Mesh
The preceding method with stevia rebaudiana dregs production trichoderma strain has not been reported, and this patent is main raw material solid fermentation wood with stevia rebaudiana dregs
Mould agent can not only obtain good trichoderma strain, and can effectively solve the resource utilization problem of stevia rebaudiana dregs.Separately
Outside, this patent to the sterilization method of solid material, the aseptic inoculation method of trichoderma liquid spawn, trichoderma strain shallow tray fermentation ring
Border cleanliness etc. is all described in detail, and has important directive significance to trichoderma strain large-scale industrial production.
Summary of the invention
This research main purpose is in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, to propose and utilize stevia rebaudiana dregs solid fermentation trichoderma strain
Method;Another object is that obtaining good trichoderma strain, which can further apply biological organic fertilizer for this research
It prepares.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A method of trichoderma strain being prepared using stevia rebaudiana dregs solid fermentation, 10-15% trichoderma liquid spawn is added
Shallow tray fermentation material after sterilizing is uniformly mixed, 26-28 DEG C of shallow tray fermentation temperature, humidity 70-90%, ten thousand grades of toilet's cultures 4
It;The shallow tray fermentation material is to be adjusted using the mixture of stevia rebaudiana dregs and rice bran as raw material by the way that acidolysis amino acid is added
Material pH to 2.5-3.0, tap water are adjusted obtained by water content to 60-65%.
The shallow tray fermentation material passes through acidolysis amino acid tune preferably using+50% rice bran of 50% stevia rebaudiana dregs as raw material
Material pH to 2.5-3.0 is saved, tap water adjusts water content to 60% gained.
The method is preferred: shallow tray fermentation material is sterilized 40 minutes using 115 DEG C of solid sterilization tank, is used and is moved after cooling
10% trichoderma liquid spawn is seeded in sterilization tank material by kind pipeline from strain liquid fermentor, utilizes sterilization tank stirring system
Strain and material are mixed.Solid sterilization tank configures mixing plant, on the one hand material can adequately be gone out by stirring
Bacterium;On the other hand 30 DEG C are cooled to after material to pass through after culture transferring pipeline accesses liquid spawn and can sufficiently stir strain and material
It mixes uniformly.
Shallow tray fermentation material thickness preferred 2-4cm, further preferred 2-3cm, still more preferably 3cm.
The stevia rebaudiana dregs are that for water content less than 10%, partial size is less than 5mm after drying and processing.
Free aminoacid content is 15% in the acidolysis amino acid, and hydrogen ion concentration of dissociating is 3M.
The preparation method of the acidolysis amino acid is referring to the patent of invention authorized before applicant: a kind of to utilize sick dead pig
The Liquid amino acid compound of protein production and its application (ZL201410042218.3).
The trichoderma solid spawn prepared according to the method described in the present invention, wherein reesei spores quantity reaches dry weight 1.75
×1010cfu/g。
Beneficial effect utilizes stevia rebaudiana dregs solid fermentation trichoderma strain and preparation method thereof the present invention provides a kind of.It should
Method more comprehensively, is especially described in detail in the methods of sterilizing, inoculation and culture, therefore compared to reported technology
It is more suitable for the large-scale industrial production of trichoderma strain.
Product has the advantages that compared with product currently on the market
1) not only limited to using STEVIA REBAUDIANA solid fermentation trichoderma strain and (utilize the originals such as stalk in surface of material production spore
Material usually only surface produces spore, and spore quantity is in fresh weight 2 × 109Cfu/g or so), therefore the trichoderma strain spore of this method production
Sub- density is high.
2) trichoderma strain produced by the invention is to carry out in toilet, thus the dirt of miscellaneous bacteria can be effectively avoided
Dye, therefore the trichoderma strain spore of this method production is high-quality.
3) test result shows in corn pot experiment, and the application of this product cooperation organic fertilizer can promote significantly jade
The growth of rice plant.
Specific embodiment
1, the acquisition of strain and raw material
Strain: Guizhou trichoderma NJAU 4742 (Trichoderma guizhou NJAU 4742, deposit number CGMCC
NO.12166 it) is saved by resource and environmental science institute, Agricultural University Of Nanjing plant nutrient seminar laboratory.
Fermentation raw material: acidolysis amino acid, stevia rebaudiana dregs, rice bran, wheat bran, rice chaff, rice straw powder.Acidolysis amino acid is by river
Yin Lian industry Biotechnology Co., Ltd's friendship provides, free aminoacid content 15%, and hydrogen ion concentration of dissociating is 3M, according to
The method preparation recorded in ZL201410042218.3;Stevia rebaudiana dregs are purchased from East Platform Na Shengte Biotechnology Co., Ltd, through drying
The processing of 10 mesh screens is crossed in dry grinding;Rice bran, wheat bran, rice chaff, rice straw powder are obtained by market purchasing.Stevia rebaudiana dregs, rice bran, bran
The basic physical and chemical of skin, rice chaff and rice straw powder is as shown in table 1:
1 different material physical and chemical property determining of table
2, trichoderma strain solid fermentation
2.1 trichoderma strain Liquid Cultures
Guizhou trichoderma NJAU 4742 is seeded to PDA liquid medium after the activation of PDA solid medium, is passed through
170r/min, under the conditions of 28 DEG C after liquid fermentation and culture 4d culture transferring to liquid fermentation tank in the 4 days acquisition Guizhou trichoderma NJAU that ferment
4742 liquid bacterium solutions.
The screening of 2.2 solid mediums
5 processing, respectively 100% stevia rebaudiana dregs ,+30% rice bran of 70% stevia rebaudiana dregs, 70% are arranged in solid medium
+ 30% rice straw powder of+30% wheat bran of stevia rebaudiana dregs ,+30% rice chaff of 70% stevia rebaudiana dregs and 70% stevia rebaudiana dregs.Guizhou trichoderma NJAU
The 4742 most suitable initial pH of solid fermentation are 2.5-3.0, and adjusting above-mentioned 5 processing pH using acidolysis aminoacids solution is that 2.5-3.0 (adds
The ratio for entering acidolysis amino acid is that 6.6%), adjusting water content is 60%.Inoculation 10% is above-mentioned after 115 DEG C of sterilizings cooling in 40 minutes
The 4742 liquid bacterium solution of Guizhou trichoderma NJAU of acquisition, 28 DEG C of temperature, tray (material thickness 3cm) solid under 90% environment of humidity
Fermentation 4 days.Reesei spores quantity statistics: taking 10g trichoderma solid culture strain, dilute in 90ml sterile water, mixed using being vortexed
Clutch mixes well, and measures spore concentration using blood counting chamber method.As shown in Fig. 2, what different material combination fermented to trichoderma
Spore count measurer has significant impact.The rice bran ferment effect of stevia rebaudiana dregs addition 30% is significantly better than other processing, spore count
Amount reaches 3.5 × 109cfu/g FW.Pure stevia rebaudiana dregs processing spore quantity reaches 1.5 × 109Cfu/g FW shows pure STEVIA REBAUDIANA
Slag is also applied for trichoderma strain solid fermentation.Compared to the processing of pure stevia rebaudiana dregs, stevia rebaudiana dregs add 30% rice chaff and 30% rice straw
Powder does not have significant impact to trichoderma strain spore count, and stevia rebaudiana dregs add 30% wheat bran and significantly reduce trichoderma strain spore
Quantity.The above results show that rice bran, rice chaff and rice straw powder can be used as the carrier of stevia rebaudiana dregs solid fermentation trichoderma strain, addition
Rice bran effect is optimal.
2.3 solid medium adding proportions
5 processing ,+10% rice bran of respectively 90% stevia rebaudiana dregs, 70% STEVIA REBAUDIANA is arranged in solid medium adding proportion
+ 90% meter of+30% rice bran of slag ,+50% rice bran of 50% stevia rebaudiana dregs ,+70% rice bran of 30% stevia rebaudiana dregs and 10% stevia rebaudiana dregs
Chaff.Initial pH, water content, sterilization method, inoculum concentration and condition of culture are the same as 2.2.As shown in figure 3, stevia rebaudiana dregs addition is different
The rice bran of ratio has significant impact to the spore count measurer that trichoderma is fermented.The rice bran ferment effect of stevia rebaudiana dregs addition 50% is aobvious
It writes better than other processing, spore quantity reaches fresh weight 7 × 109cfu/g.The result shows that the rice bran of stevia rebaudiana dregs addition 50% is most
Ratio of greater inequality example.
2.4 shallow tray fermentation thickness
5 processing, respectively 1,2,3,4 and 5cm is arranged in shallow tray fermentation material thickness.Material be 50% stevia rebaudiana dregs+
50% rice bran.Initial pH, water content, sterilization method, inoculum concentration, temperature, humidity and incubation time are the same as 2.2.As shown in figure 4,
Shallow tray fermentation material thickness has significant impact to trichoderma fermentation spore count measurer.Within 1-3cm, trichoderma fermentation spore quantity
As the increase of material thickness is also in rising trend.However when material thickness be greater than 3cm after, trichoderma ferment spore quantity with
The increase of material thickness is on a declining curve, and the above results show that 3cm material thickness is optimal.
2.5 shallow tray fermentation water content
5 processing, respectively 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% and 70% is arranged in shallow tray fermentation water content.Material is 50%
+ 50% rice bran of stevia rebaudiana dregs.Initial pH, sterilization method, inoculum concentration, temperature, humidity, material thickness and incubation time are the same as 2.2.
As shown in figure 5, shallow tray fermentation material moisture has significant impact to trichoderma fermentation spore count measurer.When water content is lower than
60%, trichoderma ferments spore quantity as the increase of water content is in rising trend;After material moisture is higher than 60%, trichoderma
Spore quantity of fermenting is on a declining curve as water content increases, and the above results show that 60% water content is optimal.
2.6 shallow tray fermentation inoculum concentrations
5 processing, respectively 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% is arranged in shallow tray fermentation inoculum concentration.Material is
+ 50% rice bran of 50% stevia rebaudiana dregs.Initial pH, water content, sterilization method, temperature, humidity, material thickness and incubation time are same
2.2.As shown in fig. 6, shallow tray fermentation material inoculative proportion has significant impact to trichoderma fermentation spore count measurer.Work as inoculative proportion
Lower than 10%, trichoderma ferments spore quantity as the increase of inoculative proportion is in rising trend;After inoculative proportion is higher than 10%,
Trichoderma ferment spore quantity with the not no conspicuousness of inoculative proportion increase difference.In order to save industrial production cost, Wo Menyou
Selecting 10% is inoculative proportion.
2.7 shallow tray fermentation incubation times
Shallow tray fermentation inoculum concentration is arranged 5 and handles, and respectively 2,3,4,5 and 6 days.Material is 50% stevia rebaudiana dregs+50%
Rice bran.Initial pH, water content, sterilization method, inoculum concentration, temperature, humidity and material thickness are the same as 2.2.As shown in fig. 7, tray
Fermentation time has significant impact to trichoderma fermentation spore count measurer.Within 4 days, when trichoderma ferments spore quantity with inoculation
Between increase it is in rising trend;After 4 days, trichoderma ferments spore quantity as the time increases the difference of not conspicuousness.For
Saving time production cost, we preferably 4 days be fermentation time.
2.8 trichoderma strain potting growgh promoting effects
1 control and 5 processing is arranged in pot experiment, is do not apply fertilizer control treatment (CK) respectively;The processing of trichoderma strain
(T1);Chemical fertilizer handles (T2);Chemical fertilizer+trichoderma processing (T3);Organic fertilizer handles (T4);Organic fertilizer+trichoderma processing (T5), wherein
The trichoderma quantity that T1, T3 and T5 are added is consistent, and the npk nutrient that T2, T3, T4 and T5 are applied is consistent.By Fig. 8 and
Table 2 is it is found that compare control treatment, and only application trichoderma strain does not differ significantly corn items biomass indexes bacterium;It compares
Chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer+trichoderma strain do not differ significantly corn items biomass indexes bacterium yet;Compared to organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer+wood
Mould species have significant facilitation to the stem thickness of corn, ground fresh weight and ground dry weight.The above results show trichoderma strain
Cooperate organic fertilizer that there are good growgh promoting effects to crop, which has the use of trichoderma strain product of the present invention important
Directive significance.
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to corn crop biomass
Note: control treatment of not applying fertilizer (CK);Trichoderma strain handles (T1);Chemical fertilizer handles (T2);Chemical fertilizer+trichoderma processing
(T3);Organic fertilizer handles (T4);Organic fertilizer+trichoderma strain processing (T5)