CN110729975A - Magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplification system - Google Patents
Magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplification system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110729975A CN110729975A CN201910964861.4A CN201910964861A CN110729975A CN 110729975 A CN110729975 A CN 110729975A CN 201910964861 A CN201910964861 A CN 201910964861A CN 110729975 A CN110729975 A CN 110729975A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H5/00—One-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplification system. The system is an AB type power amplification system and adopts a double-tube push-pull circuit; the system comprises: the preceding stage power amplifier circuit is used for carrying out power amplification on the initial signal to obtain a primary amplified signal; the post-stage power amplification circuit is used for carrying out power amplification on the primary amplified signal to obtain a secondary amplified signal; the post-stage power amplifier circuit comprises a transmission line transformer which is used for realizing the matching of a power supply and load impedance during power transmission, and two ends of a primary winding of the transmission line transformer are respectively connected with a drain electrode of an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube as the input of a primary amplified signal; one end of the secondary winding of the transmission line transformer is connected with the output LC filter circuit, and the other end is grounded. The invention can improve the power transmission efficiency and power and has good system stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to wireless power transmission technology in the fields of smart homes, electric automobiles, industry and the like, in particular to a magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplification system.
Background
Currently, wireless power transmission technologies are mainly classified into three major categories according to mainstream classification: electromagnetic induction type wireless power transmission, magnetic coupling resonant type wireless power transmission, and microwave type wireless power transmission.
The principle of electromagnetic induction type wireless power transmission is that current passes through a coil, the coil generates a magnetic field, and an induced potential is generated for a nearby coil to generate current. The electromagnetic induction type wireless power transmission has the advantages that; the principle is simple and easy to realize; is suitable for short-distance power transmission. But it has the following disadvantages; need specific position during transmission of electricity and put just can accurate transmission of electricity, the loss is big, and the distance is short, and transmission efficiency can be because transmission distance increases sharply to reduce, and metal induction contact can generate heat.
The microwave type wireless power transmission adopts the principle that a radio frequency antenna excites electromagnetic energy in space, a receiving end absorbs the electromagnetic energy in the space, and current is transmitted through a circuit. The microwave type wireless power transmission has the advantages that: the device is suitable for long-distance low-power wireless power transmission; and the charging is automatically carried out at any time and any place. However, it has the following disadvantages: the design requirement of the transmitting and receiving antenna is high; the transmission efficiency is not high, and the utilization efficiency is low; the received power signal is relatively small; radiation and safety issues may exist.
Magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission is a new power transmission mode, and the principle of the magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission is that a transmitting end can encounter receiving ends with the same resonance frequency, and the resonance principle is utilized to transmit power. The magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission integrates the advantages of the two power transmission modes, is suitable for long-distance high-power wireless power transmission, has moderate conversion efficiency and is harmless to human bodies. Based on the excellent characteristics of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission, the wireless power transmission device has larger market potential. The existing magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission has a technical difficulty: in order to ensure the transmission efficiency and power, two resonance coils (namely, the resonance coils at the transmission power end and the charging load end, hereinafter referred to as a power end coil and a load end coil) are required to be at the same frequency; however, in general, the resistance of the load is invariable. Therefore, how to realize that two resonant coils are at the same frequency becomes a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplification system. The invention can improve the power transmission efficiency and power and has good system stability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplification system is an AB type power amplification system and adopts a double-tube push-pull circuit; the system comprises:
the preceding stage power amplifier circuit is used for carrying out power amplification on the initial signal to obtain a primary amplified signal;
the post-stage power amplification circuit is used for carrying out power amplification on the primary amplified signal to obtain a secondary amplified signal;
the post-stage power amplifier circuit comprises a transmission line transformer which is used for realizing the matching of a power supply and load impedance during power transmission, and two ends of a primary winding of the transmission line transformer are respectively connected with a drain electrode of an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube as the input of a primary amplified signal; one end of the secondary winding of the transmission line transformer is connected with the output LC filter circuit, and the other end is grounded.
In the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system, the impedance matching comprises the following steps:
firstly, transforming impedance to a preset resistance value by using a transmission line transformer;
then, a preset resistance → the output LC filter circuit of the preset resistance is set.
In the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system, the output LC filter circuit is an LC low-pass filter circuit for filtering higher harmonics.
In the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system, the LC low-pass filter circuit is a five-order LC low-pass filter circuit, the five-order LC low-pass filter circuit includes two filter inductors connected in series, the two filter inductors are connected in series to form two open ends, one of the two open ends is connected to one end of the secondary winding, and the other open end is an output end of a secondary amplification signal; and two ends of each filter inductor are also respectively connected with a filter capacitor with one end grounded.
In the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system, the filter inductor is formed by winding 8 turns of 0.8mm enameled round copper wires on two parallel iron single magnetic cores T50-6.
In the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplification system, the frequency of the initial signal is 13.56MHz, and the power of the primarily amplified signal is 10 w; the power of the secondary amplified signal is 100 w.
In the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission and amplification system, the preset resistance value is 50 Ω.
In the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission and amplification system, the drain electrode of the NMOS transistor is provided with a drain electrode circuit; the drain circuit comprises: RFC inductance, RFC inductance one end is connected with taking a percentage of transmission line transformer primary winding end, and the RFC inductance other end is connected with electrolytic capacitor positive pole and circuit supply voltage respectively, electrolytic capacitor negative pole ground connection, and electrolytic capacitor still has the more than one paster electric capacity of parallelly connected.
In the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system, the RFC inductor is formed by winding 8 turns of 0.8mm enameled round copper wires on two ferrite magnetic cores FT-50-43 which are combined together.
In the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system, a gate of the NMOS transistor is provided with a gate bias circuit for stabilizing a self-resonant frequency of a gate working capacitor; the grid biasing circuit is as follows: and more than one inductance eliminating capacitor is connected in parallel beside the grid working capacitor and used for offsetting parasitic inductance generated by the grid working capacitor.
In order to obtain the technical solution of the present invention, the applicant has conducted the following studies:
factors influencing magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission mainly include transmission distance, resonant frequency, quality factor and the like. Generally, the larger the transmission distance is, the lower the transmission efficiency is; when the operating frequency deviates from the resonance frequency, the transmission power and transmission efficiency at a long distance drop sharply, while for a short distance the transmission power and transmission efficiency rise on the contrary, which occurs because the frequency of the resonant system splits at a short distance. In order to inhibit the frequency splitting phenomenon, the internal impedance of the power supply can be reduced, so that the frequency splitting can be inhibited, and the transmission efficiency of the system is improved; the same effect can be achieved by using the L-shaped impedance matching network to adjust the equivalent load resistance. The power and efficiency of wireless power transmission are increased and then reduced along with the increase of the frequency, so that the output power of the power amplifier module can reach the maximum value by adjusting the frequency and changing the load impedance value. When the output power is maximum, the reflected power is reduced to the minimum, and the heat loss on the power amplifier module is reduced at the moment, so that the transmission efficiency is maximum when the output power is maximum. In summary, the smaller the load resistance value is, the larger the power and efficiency of the obtained wireless power transmission is.
Impedance matching is an important factor in the design of radio frequency circuits (wireless power transmission circuits), and the efficiency of the whole radio frequency circuit design process is greatly reduced as long as impedance matching is not realized at one position. What is matched by the impedance matching is the load impedance and the source impedance. In a common circuit, the load resistance is the same as the power supply resistance, and the output power and the efficiency of the circuit are highest.
Based on the above research analysis, when designing the matching network, the following points are to be noted:
(1) simplicity the simpler the network that can accomplish the matching, the fewer components that are required, the lower the losses and costs incurred. Therefore, the simplest circuit can be selected as long as the precondition of the design requirement is satisfied.
(2) The bandwidth, also called the Q-value of the matching circuit, generally eliminates reflections at a particular frequency and allows for a wide variety of matching networks. However, sometimes the circuit does not work at only one frequency but at a frequency range, and the matching of single frequency point can not meet the requirement, and the design of frequency band matching makes the frequency band matching more difficult and complicated, so the cost is much higher.
(3) Circuit type-before the matching circuit type is determined, the type of the circuit transmission line must first be determined. For example, if the system uses microstrip transmission lines, corresponding parallel branches, λ/4 transmission line variations, lumped parameter devices, etc. may be used, which is particularly simple to implement. In other words, if the system uses waveguide and coaxial line, the stub matching circuit and the terminal short-circuit structure are simpler.
(4) Adjustability the core of the matching network is that the source matches the load, but if the load changes, the corresponding matching network also follows the load change and makes the necessary adjustments. Therefore, when designing a matching network, the load variation also has a great influence on the matching result, and the matching network should have strong adjustability.
Based on the above research and analysis, the inventors finally designed the technical solution of the present invention. Compared with the prior art, the system framework of the invention selects the AB type power amplifier system with relatively moderate efficiency, linearity and power according to the characteristic requirements of the passive sensor; meanwhile, a double-tube push-pull circuit is adopted, so that the problems that the conduction period of the AB type power amplification system is between pi and 2 pi and the output waveform is incomplete are solved. In addition, a transmission line transformer is arranged in a power amplifier circuit at the rear stage of a power transmission end, and two ends of a primary winding of the transmission line transformer are respectively connected with a drain electrode of an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube to be used as the input of a primary amplified signal; the transmission line transformer can perform impedance transformation adjustment on the power end coil, and the impedance adjustment of the power end coil and the impedance adjustment of the load end coil are equal, so that the two coils are at the same frequency, impedance matching is realized, and the efficiency and power of power transmission are ensured.
The system frequency of the invention is international 13.56MHz, which can effectively avoid radiation and safety problems in power transmission.
The invention connects output LC filter circuit at one end of secondary winding of transmission line transformer, which filters the transmission signal to remove each subharmonic and restrain stray before outputting. According to the invention, when power is transmitted, a circuit of the power amplification system can output certain higher harmonics, and aiming at the characteristic, the LC low-pass filter circuit is adopted to filter the output higher harmonics. In order to improve and optimize the filtering performance, the invention adopts a fifth-order LC low-pass filter circuit, fig. 8 is an S21 parameter curve obtained by simulating the fifth-order LC filter circuit in ADS software, and it can be known from the figure that the value of S21 is very small at 0-18MHz, that is, the signal within 0-18MHz can pass through the filter circuit, and when the value is more than 18MHz, the S21 parameter is sharply reduced, that is, the signal more than 18MHz can not pass through the filter circuit, so 13.56MHz is not selected as the cut-off frequency, because other frequencies about 13.56MHz can be used in the practical test, and 18MHz is used as the cut-off frequency, the higher harmonic of 13.56MHz can be perfectly inhibited, the passing of the 13.56MHz signal is ensured, and the circuit can be debugged in a certain frequency band.
The grid electrode of the NMOS tube is provided with a grid electrode biasing circuit for stabilizing the self-resonant frequency of the grid electrode working capacitor; more specifically, more than one inductance-eliminating capacitor which is used for offsetting parasitic inductance generated by the grid working capacitor is connected in parallel beside the grid working capacitor; the structure can offset parasitic inductance generated by the grid working capacitor through the inductance-eliminating capacitor, and expand the attenuation frequency band of the grid working capacitor to alternating current signals, thereby stabilizing the linearity of output. Theoretically, a certain frequency signal can be completely filtered out as long as the capacitance value used for filtering is large enough. However, due to the limitation of the current manufacturing process, the manufactured capacitor with a relatively large capacitance value (i.e., the gate working capacitance) generally has a large equivalent series inductance, which results in a low self-resonant frequency and an inductive reactance. Therefore, it is necessary to connect several small capacitors (i.e. inductance-canceling capacitors) in parallel beside the large capacitor to cancel the parasitic inductance generated by the large capacitor (i.e. gate working capacitor).
The drain electrode circuit is arranged on the drain electrode of the NMOS tube; the circuit structure mainly comprises an RFC inductor, wherein one end of the RFC inductor is connected with a tap at the primary winding end of a transmission line transformer, the other end of the RFC inductor is respectively connected with the anode of an electrolytic capacitor and the power supply voltage of a circuit, the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor is grounded, and the electrolytic capacitor is also connected with more than one patch capacitor in parallel; through the circuit structure that adopts parallelly connected a plurality of paster electric capacity of electrolytic capacitor, can carry out filtering to circuit supply voltage and handle, can also promote the withstand voltage value of this structure, and then promote the stability of system work.
In the invention, because the output current of the power transmission power amplification system is larger, in order to increase the current tolerance values of the RFC inductor and the filter inductor and improve the working stability of the system, wherein: the RFC inductor is formed by winding 8 turns of 0.8mm enameled round copper wires on two ferrite magnetic cores FT-50-43 which are combined together; the filter inductor is formed by winding 8 turns of 0.8mm enameled round copper wires on two combined iron single magnetic cores T50-6.
In conclusion, the invention realizes that the two resonance coils are at the same frequency, improves the power transmission efficiency and power and has good system stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rear-stage power amplifier circuit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fifth-order LC low-pass filter circuit;
FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of a filter inductor;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a preceding stage power amplifier circuit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a drain circuit;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a gate bias circuit;
fig. 8 is a curve of the S21 parameter obtained by the fifth-order LC low-pass filter circuit through ADS simulation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples are given. A magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission power amplification system is shown in figure 1, the system is an AB type power amplification system, and a double-tube push-pull circuit is adopted; the system comprises:
the preceding stage power amplifier circuit is used for carrying out power amplification on the initial signal to obtain a primary amplified signal;
the post-stage power amplification circuit is used for carrying out power amplification on the primary amplified signal to obtain a secondary amplified signal;
the post-stage power amplifier circuit is shown in fig. 2 and comprises a transmission line transformer for realizing impedance matching between a power supply and a load during power transmission, wherein two ends of a primary winding of the transmission line transformer are respectively connected with a drain electrode of an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube as input of a primary amplified signal; one end of the secondary winding of the transmission line transformer is connected with the output LC filter circuit, and the other end is grounded.
The foregoing impedance matching steps are as follows:
firstly, transforming impedance to a preset resistance value by using a transmission line transformer;
then, a preset resistance → the output LC filter circuit of the preset resistance is set.
In a power transmission system, it is generally necessary to obtain an output of maximum power. The load is required to obtain maximum power if the load resistance is equal to the supply resistance, a process known as impedance matching. However, in general, the load resistance is invariable. Therefore, by adopting the transmission line transformer, selecting a proper turn ratio, and connecting the designed transmission line transformer between the load and the power supply, the impedance matching is completed, and the load can obtain the output of the maximum power.
Seen from both ends of the primary winding of the transformer, the impedance is:
the impedance of the transformer, as seen from both ends of the secondary winding, is:
because of the fact that
In formula (3): k is the transformer transformation ratio.
Therefore, it is not only easy to use
From equation (4), the impedance of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer is proportional to the square of the number of turns of the winding. Knowing this characteristic, impedance transformation across the transformer can be achieved by changing the turns ratio of the transformer.
Specifically, the aforementioned output LC filter circuit is an LC low-pass filter circuit for filtering higher harmonics.
Specifically, the LC low-pass filter circuit is a five-order LC low-pass filter circuit, and referring to fig. 3, the five-order LC low-pass filter circuit includes two filter inductors connected in series, where the two filter inductors are connected in series to form two open ends, one of the two open ends is connected to one end of the secondary winding, and the other is an output end of a secondary amplified signal; and two ends of each filter inductor are also respectively connected with a filter capacitor with one end grounded.
The filter inductor is formed by winding 8 turns of 0.8mm enameled round copper wire on two iron single magnetic cores T50-6 which are combined together, as shown in FIG. 4. This structure can increase the current tolerance value of the filter inductor.
The frequency of the initial signal is 13.56MHz, based on safety considerations, international common 13.56MHz is adopted, and the power of the designed primary amplification signal is 10w and the power of the designed secondary amplification signal is 100w aiming at the requirements of the fields of smart homes, electric automobiles, industries and the like; the structure of the preceding stage power amplifier circuit for amplifying the initial signal is shown in fig. 5, and the efficiency of the preceding stage power amplifier circuit shown in fig. 5 is more than 50%, and the frequency is stabilized at 13.56 MHz. The efficiency of a post-stage power amplifier circuit for amplifying the primarily amplified signal is over 50 percent.
The preset resistance value is 50 Ω. Aiming at the requirements of the fields of smart homes, electric automobiles, industries and the like, the preset resistance value is preferably 50 omega.
The drain electrode of the NMOS tube is provided with a drain electrode circuit; the drain circuit is shown in fig. 6 and includes: RFC inductance, RFC inductance one end is connected with taking a percentage of transmission line transformer primary winding end, and the RFC inductance other end is connected with electrolytic capacitor positive pole and circuit supply voltage respectively, electrolytic capacitor negative pole ground connection, and electrolytic capacitor still has the more than one paster electric capacity of parallelly connected. The RFC inductor is a radio frequency choke inductor.
The RFC inductor is formed by winding 8 turns of 0.8mm enameled round copper wire on two ferrite magnetic cores FT-50-43 which are combined together.
The grid electrode of the NMOS transistor is provided with a grid electrode biasing circuit for stabilizing the self-resonant frequency of the grid electrode working capacitor, as shown in fig. 7; the grid biasing circuit is as follows: and more than one inductance eliminating capacitor is connected in parallel beside the grid working capacitor and used for offsetting parasitic inductance generated by the grid working capacitor. The gate level is stable so that noise signals enter the gate and affect the linearity of the output.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system is characterized in that: the system is an AB type power amplification system and adopts a double-tube push-pull circuit; the system comprises:
the preceding stage power amplifier circuit is used for carrying out power amplification on the initial signal to obtain a primary amplified signal;
the post-stage power amplification circuit is used for carrying out power amplification on the primary amplified signal to obtain a secondary amplified signal;
the post-stage power amplifier circuit comprises a transmission line transformer which is used for realizing the matching of a power supply and load impedance during power transmission, and two ends of a primary winding of the transmission line transformer are respectively connected with a drain electrode of an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube as the input of a primary amplified signal; one end of the secondary winding of the transmission line transformer is connected with the output LC filter circuit, and the other end is grounded.
2. The magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system according to claim 1, wherein: the impedance matching steps are as follows:
firstly, transforming impedance to a preset resistance value by using a transmission line transformer;
then, a preset resistance → the output LC filter circuit of the preset resistance is set.
3. The magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system according to claim 2, wherein: the output LC filter circuit is an LC low-pass filter circuit used for filtering higher harmonics.
4. A magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the LC low-pass filter circuit is a five-order LC low-pass filter circuit, the five-order LC low-pass filter circuit comprises two filter inductors which are connected in series, the two filter inductors are connected in series to form two open ends, one of the two open ends is connected with one end of the secondary winding, and the other open end is an output end of a secondary amplification signal; and two ends of each filter inductor are also respectively connected with a filter capacitor with one end grounded.
5. The magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system according to claim 4, wherein: the filter inductor is formed by winding 8 turns of 0.8mm enameled round copper wires on two combined iron single magnetic cores T50-6.
6. A magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the frequency of the initial signal is 13.56MHz, and the power of the initial amplification signal is 10 w; the power of the secondary amplified signal is 100 w.
7. The magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system according to claim 6, wherein: the preset resistance value is 50 omega.
8. The magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system according to claim 1, wherein: the drain electrode of the NMOS tube is provided with a drain electrode circuit; the drain circuit comprises: RFC inductance, RFC inductance one end is connected with taking a percentage of transmission line transformer primary winding end, and the RFC inductance other end is connected with electrolytic capacitor positive pole and circuit supply voltage respectively, electrolytic capacitor negative pole ground connection, and electrolytic capacitor still has the more than one paster electric capacity of parallelly connected.
9. The magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system according to claim 8, wherein: the RFC inductor is formed by winding 8 turns of 0.8mm enameled round copper wires on two ferrite magnetic cores FT-50-43 which are combined together.
10. The magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission power amplifier system according to claim 1, wherein: the grid electrode of the NMOS tube is provided with a grid electrode biasing circuit for stabilizing the self-resonant frequency of the grid electrode working capacitor; the grid biasing circuit is as follows: and more than one inductance eliminating capacitor is connected in parallel beside the grid working capacitor and used for offsetting parasitic inductance generated by the grid working capacitor.
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WO2023093402A1 (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-01 | 青岛海尔电冰箱有限公司 | Power amplifier and heating apparatus with power amplifier |
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CN103795352A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-14 | Dsp集团有限公司 | DC-DC converter incorporating fine tuning unit |
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