CN110723785A - 一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统 - Google Patents
一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统包括废液酸度回调装置和膜分离装置。其中，所述废液酸度回调装置包括将电解铜废液酸浓度调至不大于500g/L的回调罐。所述膜分离装置包括基本结构单元；所述基本结构单元由一张阴离子膜隔开，形成渗析室和扩散室；所述膜分离装置采用逆流操作，在所述阴离子均相膜的两侧分别通入废酸液及接受液，利用扩散渗析原理分离出再生酸液。本发明采用采用独特、先进的扩散渗析膜分离技术处理此类已通过蒸发和过滤处理将镍、铁、铝等金属回收的电解液废液，可再生至铜电解槽循环使用，极大节约了企业成本，提高了生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电解铜领域，尤其涉及一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统。
背景技术
电解铜的生产,在其生产过程中会产生大量的废电解液,该电解液主要含有硫酸、多种金属离子和少量的有机物，现有技术已通过蒸发和过滤处理使镍、铁、铝等金属达到了回收,同时使废液减量化，但每天产生的废液量还是相当巨大，目前市场上主要采用酸碱中和的方法，会产生大量的固废且后期的环保处理成本非常高。
另一方面，我国环境管理部门正加强环境管理，力求企业不产生或少产生对环境的污染和破坏。
发明内容
本发明提供一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统，以克服电解铜生产中已通过蒸发和过滤处理将镍、铁、铝等金属回收的废液的处理问题。
为达此目的，本发明提供一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统，包括废液酸度回调装置和膜分离装置。
其中，所述废液酸度回调装置包括将电解铜废液酸浓度调至不大于500g/L的回调罐，将电解液废液酸度回调以满足扩散渗析的条件。
所述膜分离装置包括基本结构单元；所述基本结构单元由一张阴离子膜隔开，形成渗析室和扩散室；所述膜分离装置采用逆流操作，在所述阴离子均相膜的两侧分别通入废酸液及接受液；废酸液侧的浓度远高于接受液的一侧；所述膜分离装置的扩散室回收酸一端连接电解铜槽，用于接收再生酸液；所述膜分离装置的渗析室分离出残液一端连接废液池，用于将金属离子残液再循环处理。
优选的，所述阴离子膜选用耐酸阴离子均相交换膜。
优选的，所述接受液选用自来水，采用高位水槽供水。
有益效果：
(1)本发明采用采用独特、先进的扩散渗析膜分离技术处理此类已通过蒸发和过滤处理将镍、铁、铝等金属回收的电解液废液，可再生至铜电解槽循环使用，极大节约了企业成本，提高了生产效率。
(2)处理后的电解液酸回收率≥80％，其有机物和金属杂质离子含量低于电解铜溶液规定的下限值，满足电解铜的条件，可再循环使用。
(3)再生电解液达到回用要求的同时实现“三废”的零排放，从根本上解决了环境污染问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工作流程示意图；
图2为本发明中扩散渗析的原理示意图。
附图标号：无。
具体实施方式
下面将详细参考本发明的各实施例，其示例显示在附图和下文描述中。尽管结合示例性实施例描述了本发明，但应该理解，本说明书并未意欲将本发明限制于这些示例性实施例。相反，本发明不仅意欲覆盖这些示例性实施例，而且也覆盖包含在由所附权利要求书限定的本发明的实质和范围内的各种替代物、修改、等价物和其他实施例。
本发明提供的一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统，包括废液酸度回调装置和膜分离装置。
其中，所述废液酸度回调装置包括将电解铜废液酸浓度调至不大于500g/L的回调罐，将电解液废液酸度回调以满足扩散渗析的条件。
所述膜分离装置包括基本结构单元；所述基本结构单元由一张阴离子膜隔开，形成渗析室和扩散室；所述膜分离装置采用逆流操作，在所述阴离子均相膜的两侧分别通入废酸液及接受液；废酸液侧的浓度远高于接受液的一侧；所述膜分离装置的扩散室回收酸一端连接电解铜槽，用于接收再生酸液；所述膜分离装置的渗析室分离出残液一端连接废液池，用于将金属离子残液再循环处理。
进一步说明，本实施例中所述阴离子膜选用耐酸阴离子均相交换膜，渗析效果显著，使命寿命长。
进一步说明，本实施例中所述接受液选用自来水，采用高位水槽供水，便于操作，安全和节能。
具体说明，电解铜车间电解槽液随着时间推移镍、铁等杂质离子浓度越来越高，对电解铜生产会造成很大影响，因此，每隔50-60天必须再生一次电解液。废液原液经过脱铜、蒸发、过滤，使铜离子、镍离子、铁离子等回收和利用；同时完成废电解液减量化处理；减量化处理后的废电解液，经过酸度回调处理，酸浓度回调至500g/L以内，满足扩散渗析膜的工作条件；所述膜分离装置由多个基本结构单元构成；所述基本结构单元由一张耐酸阴离子均相膜隔开，形成渗析室和扩散室；所述膜分离装置采用逆流操作，在所述阴离子均相膜的两侧分别通入废酸液及接受液，接受液选用自来水高位供水；废酸液侧的浓度远高于接受液的一侧以提高扩散渗析的回收效果；所述膜分离装置的扩散室回收酸一端连接电解铜槽，用于接收再生酸液；废酸液侧的酸及其盐的浓度远高于水的一侧；根据扩散渗析原理，由于浓度梯度的存在，废酸及其盐类有向扩散室渗透的趋势，但膜对阴离子具有选择透过性，故在浓度差的作用下，废酸侧的阴离子被吸引而顺利地透过膜孔道进入水的一侧；同时根据电中性要求，也会夹带阳离子，由于H+的水化半径比较小，电荷较少；而金属盐的水化半径较大，电荷较多，因此H+会优先通过膜，这样废液中的酸就会被分离至再生酸罐，从而实现电解液废液的循环回用再生，而分离出的金属离子废液至废液池继续循环处理。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的技术人员应当理解，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行同等替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神与范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统，其特征在于：包括废液酸度回调装置和膜分离装置；其中，
所述废液酸度回调装置包括将电解铜废液酸浓度调至不大于500g/L的回调罐，将电解液废液酸度回调以满足扩散渗析的条件；
所述膜分离装置包括基本结构单元；所述基本结构单元由一张阴离子膜隔开，形成渗析室和扩散室；所述膜分离装置采用逆流操作，在所述阴离子均相膜的两侧分别通入废酸液及接受液；废酸液侧的浓度远高于接受液的一侧；所述膜分离装置的扩散室回收酸一端连接电解铜槽，用于接收再生酸液；所述膜分离装置的渗析室分离出残液一端连接废液池，用于将金属离子残液再循环处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统，其特征在于：所述阴离子膜选用耐酸阴离子均相交换膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于电解铜废液再生回用的扩散渗析膜分离系统，其特征在于：所述接受液选用自来水，采用高位水槽供水。
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