CN110714198A - Method for preparing coating by laser cladding through vacuum sintering method - Google Patents
Method for preparing coating by laser cladding through vacuum sintering method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110714198A CN110714198A CN201910859162.3A CN201910859162A CN110714198A CN 110714198 A CN110714198 A CN 110714198A CN 201910859162 A CN201910859162 A CN 201910859162A CN 110714198 A CN110714198 A CN 110714198A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a coating process by laser cladding by a vacuum sintering method, which is characterized in that a gradient coating is compounded on the surface of a high-speed cutting tool, the bottom layer is NiCrAlMo nickel-based self-fluxing metal powder, the transition layer is 60 percent of NiCrAlMo +20 percent of SiC +20 percent of C ceramic-based composite metal powder, and the surface layer is 40 percent of SiC +60 percent of C (diamond) ceramic-based composite powder; the method comprises the steps of screen printing pasty or pasty powder to be cladded on the surface of a base material to be cladded, sintering to form a preset layer, simultaneously aligning an ultrasonic vibrator and laser to the preset layer for melting to generate a molten pool to form a coating, and then carrying out annealing heat treatment on the composite coating. The invention can obviously prepare the high-quality composite coating, and is suitable for the laboratory research of laser cladding composite coatings and the field of laser cladding composite coatings on the surfaces of metal parts with complex shapes and high technical requirements.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for preparing a coating by laser cladding by a vacuum sintering method.
Background art:
laser cladding is an important laser surface modification technology, and the feeding mode of the laser cladding comprises a preset powder layer and synchronous powder supply, wherein the preset powder supply comprises direct presetting, cold pressing presetting, bonding presetting, spraying presetting and other methods, the synchronous powder supply comprises coaxial powder supply and lateral powder supply, generally, gas flow is used as a carrier for supplying powder, and the mixing uniformity is poor when the particle density and the size of mixed powder are large. Although the characteristic of high automation degree enables the synchronous powder feeding to be applied in mass production in industry, the synchronous powder feeding has the defects that the flowability is limited by the flowability of the powder, the powder feeder is polluted by the powder, the mixed powder is difficult to be uniformly mixed and the like. Therefore, in the scientific research of laser cladding, the powder layer presetting, especially direct presetting, is widely applied due to the characteristics of simple process, small powder consumption, convenience for adjusting the chemical proportion of the powder layer, good powder mixing uniformity, low cost, no need of expensive and complicated powder feeders and the like.
In addition, similar patent applications are retrieved, such as application No.: CN 201721503538; the patent names are as follows: a platform leveling structure for laser powder sintering technology; application No.: CN 201910100334; the patent names are as follows: a metal part additive manufacturing method and device and application number are as follows: CN 201811631548; the patent names are as follows: a selective laser sintering rapid prototyping device; application No.: CN 200910186673; the patent names are as follows: the method for cladding the thermal barrier coating with the gradient function by laser induction compounding comprises the following steps: CN 201210097330.8; the patent names are as follows: a method for preparing a composite coating by presetting powder by an extrusion method and carrying out laser cladding; CN 201510918486; the patent names are as follows: the patent application discloses that the application of the laser cladding technology aims at improving the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, biocompatibility and the like of the surface of a base material, namely the method is mainly used for preparing the surface coating, the surface coating mostly mainly prepares multi-phase coatings such as a composite coating and the like, and a high-precision synchronous powder feeder capable of conveying two or more than two kinds of powder is needed, but the existing synchronous powder feeder has the defects of a powder feeding mechanical structure, the technical requirements are difficult to meet when two (or more than two) kinds of powder or powder with smaller granularity need to be conveyed, the defects of serious powder waste, low coating quality and the like exist in the cladding process, so the method is rarely applied and well known in the research field of preparing the composite coating by laser cladding, and the preset method is basically not limited by the kinds of the powder and the granularity of the powder, can flexibly and conveniently add required powder into a molten pool, thereby having wide application in the research field of preparing composite coatings by laser cladding.
The invention content is as follows:
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing a coating by laser cladding in a vacuum sintering method aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the method and the process for preparing the coating by powder laser cladding preset in the sintering method can ensure the thickness uniformity and consistency of a powder layer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention discloses a method for preparing a coating process by laser cladding through a vacuum sintering method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (2) screen-printing the pasty or pasty powder to be clad on the surface of a substrate to be clad through a screen, then sintering to form a preset layer, carrying out ultrasonic-assisted melting during the laser cladding process by using an ultrasonic vibrator to generate a molten pool quasi-solid formed coating, and carrying out metallurgical bonding on the preset layer and the substrate to obtain the composite coating.
Further, the surface of the base material to be clad is polished in advance, and acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol are used for cleaning to remove oil stains on the surface of the base material.
Further, the powder to be clad is mixed powder consisting of two or more simple substance elements or compound powder.
Further, the mixed powder is placed in a planetary ball mill in advance, then is placed in a drying oven to be dried for 3 hours, and then is uniformly mixed with the adhesive to realize uniform mixing and blending of the powder to be clad into paste or paste.
Further, during the printing, the paste or paste powder to be clad is poured into one end of the screen printing plate, a scraper is used for applying certain pressure to the paste or paste powder to be clad on the screen printing plate, the paste or paste powder to be clad moves towards the other end of the screen printing plate at a constant speed, and the paste or paste powder to be clad is extruded onto the surface of the base material from meshes of the image-text part of the screen printing plate by the scraper in the moving process to form the clad layer.
Further, the paste or paste on the surface of the substrate is dried in a high-temperature oven and then heated and hardened in vacuum at 800-1200 ℃ for 12 hours, and then sintered to form the preset layer.
The laser melting is to place a substrate with a preset layer in laser processing equipment, and simultaneously, an ultrasonic vibrator is aligned to a molten pool to act, the ultrasonic vibrator performs ultrasonic-assisted melting on the laser cladding process to generate a pseudo-solid molten pool to form a coating, so that the preset layer and the substrate are metallurgically bonded, and the required composite coating is obtained; the adhesive of the composite coating is organic adhesive or inorganic sol, the amount of the organic adhesive accounts for 2-8% of the total mass of the preset layer, for example, polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 3-5%; the use amount of the inorganic sol accounts for 2-8% of the total mass of the preset layer. The heat treatment is carried out by placing the base material of the composite coating on a workbench of a heat treatment furnace.
The method is used for preparing coating properties such as coating structure, mechanical property detection, hardness detection, adhesion test and friction and wear volume by optimizing the vacuum sintering method and optimizing and controlling sintering process parameters and laser cladding process parameters, and can obviously improve the preparation of high-quality composite coatings on metal surfaces.
The invention discloses a method for preparing a coating process by laser cladding through a vacuum sintering method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the base material to remove dust, oil dirt and rust on the surface of the base material;
(2) the composite gradient coating example comprises a bottom layer, a transition layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer is positioned on the surface of a base material, the transition layer is made of NiCrAlMo nickel-based self-fluxing metal powder, the transition layer is made of 60% NiCrAlMo +20% SiC +20% C ceramic-based composite metal powder, and the surface layer is made of 40% SiC +60% C (diamond) ceramic-based composite powder; wherein the thickness of stratum basale is 1-2um, and the thickness of transition layer is 3-5um, and the thickness of surface course is 5-7 um.
(3) Powder treatment, namely placing the mixed powder into a planetary ball mill, then placing the planetary ball mill into a drying oven for drying for 12 hours, and then uniformly mixing the mixed powder with a bonding agent to uniformly mix and blend the powder to be clad into paste or paste for later use;
(4) spreading paste or pasty powder to be clad on the surface of a base material in different forms in a screen printing mode;
(5) drying pasty or pasty powder to be clad preset on the surface of a substrate by screen printing in a high-temperature oven, then heating and hardening the powder for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 800-1200 ℃, and sintering the powder to form a preset layer;
(6) and melting the preset layer under the assistance of ultrasonic waves in the laser cladding process by an ultrasonic vibrator to generate a molten pool quasi-solid formed coating, and metallurgically bonding the preset layer and the base material to obtain the composite coating.
Further, the sintering process parameters are as follows: the heating power is 10-50 kW, the heating rate is 10-30 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the substrate preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the peak temperature heat preservation time is 20-360 min, the printing thickness is 3-10um, the screen printing speed is 100-600 mm/s, and the adhesive/powder is 0.2-0.6; the adopted laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the power is 800-. The adopted ultrasonic vibrator has the following technological parameters: the working frequency range is 5-20 kHz, and the maximum output power is 2000W.
Further, the heat treatment is carried out by placing the base material of the composite coating on a workbench of a heat treatment furnace.
Further, the powder material is ceramic powder, mixed powder of metal and ceramic, or coated powder or any composite powder thereof; the adhesive is an epoxy polyester powder coating, and the epoxy polyester powder coating comprises epoxy resin, polyester resin, a curing agent and a pigment.
Compared with other laser cladding powder supply methods, the method has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the method has no powder loss condition, the utilization rate of the powder is extremely high, and the powder used by the laser cladding technology is generally expensive, so that the economy of the technology is improved to a great extent;
(2) the method is not limited by the types and the particle sizes of the powder, and the original particle size of the powder is not changed in the presetting process, so that a good エ technological base is laid for developing the special powder for laser cladding;
(3) the shape and size of the preset layer can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the patterns and the mesh number of the screen mesh layer, thereby providing エ technological basis for surface repair and modification of various mechanical parts and having very important significance for promoting the application of the laser cladding technology in engineering;
meanwhile, the screen printing equipment adopted by the invention is simple, convenient to operate, simple in printing and plate making, low in cost and strong in adaptability; the method has the advantages of wide application range of cladding powder types and powder granularity, high powder utilization rate, low cost, エ simple process , simple and convenient control and the like, is suitable for laboratory research of laser cladding composite coatings, and is also suitable for the field of metal part surface laser cladding composite coating engineering with complex shape and high technical requirements.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention discloses a method for preparing a coating process by laser cladding by a vacuum sintering method, which comprises the following steps: and (3) screen-printing the pasty or pasty powder to be cladded on the surface of the base material to be cladded, then sintering to form a preset layer, and carrying out laser cladding on the preset layer to obtain the composite coating.
Furthermore, in order to ensure good adhesion effect, the surface of the base material to be clad is polished in advance, and acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol are used for cleaning to remove oil stains on the surface of the base material.
Further, for reasonable design, the powder to be clad is mixed powder consisting of two or more simple substance elements or compound powder; the plastic or metal powder may also be a ceramic powder, a metal and ceramic mixed powder or a coated powder or any composite powder thereof. The invention relates to a composite gradient coating example of the surface of a high-speed cutting tool, which comprises a bottom layer, a transition layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer, the transition layer and the surface layer are arranged on the surface of a base material (the three layers are respectively printed on the surface of the base material through silk screens), the bottom layer is made of NiCrAlMoY nickel-based self-fluxing metal powder, the transition layer is made of 60% NiCrAlMoY/20% SiC/20% C ceramic-based composite metal powder, and the surface layer is made of 40% SiC/60% C (diamond) ceramic-based composite powder; wherein the thickness of the basal layer is 1-2um, the thickness of the transition layer is 3-5um, and the thickness of the surface layer is 5-7 nm.
Further, in order to design reasonably, the mixed powder is placed in a planetary ball mill in advance for ball milling, then is placed in a drying oven for drying for 3 hours, and then is uniformly mixed with the adhesive to realize uniform mixing and blending of the powder to be clad into paste or paste.
Further, the paste or paste on the surface of the substrate is dried in a high-temperature oven, and then is heated and hardened for 12 hours in vacuum at 800-1200 ℃ to be sintered to form the preset layer.
The specific silk-screen printing comprises the working steps that paste or pasty powder to be clad is poured into one end of a silk-screen printing plate during printing, a scraper is used for applying certain pressure to the paste or pasty powder to be clad on the silk-screen printing plate, the paste or pasty powder to be clad is moved towards the other end of the silk-screen printing plate at a constant speed, and the paste or pasty powder to be clad is extruded onto the surface of a base material from meshes of the image-text part of the silk-screen printing plate by the scraper during moving to form a lamination; the silk-screen printing is the prior art (the silk-screen printing refers to the silk screen as a plate base, and a silk-screen printing plate with pictures and texts is manufactured by a photosensitive plate making method, the silk-screen printing plate consists of five major elements, the silk-screen printing plate, a scraper blade, ink, a printing table and a printing stock, the basic principle that part of meshes of the pictures and texts of the silk-screen printing plate can penetrate the ink and the part of meshes of non-pictures and texts can not penetrate the ink is utilized for printing, the ink is poured into one end of the silk-screen printing plate during printing, the scraper blade is utilized to apply certain pressure on the ink part on the silk-screen printing plate, meanwhile, the scraper blade moves towards the other end of the silk-screen printing plate at a constant speed, and the ink is extruded onto.
Furthermore, for reasonable design, the laser melting is to place the substrate with the preset layer in laser processing equipment, and simultaneously, the ultrasonic vibrator is aligned to a molten pool for acting, the ultrasonic vibrator performs ultrasonic-assisted melting on the laser cladding process to generate a pseudo-solid molten pool forming coating, so that the preset layer and the substrate are metallurgically bonded to obtain the required composite coating; the adhesive of the composite coating is organic adhesive or inorganic sol, the amount of the organic adhesive accounts for 2-8% of the total mass of the preset layer, for example, polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 3-5%; the use amount of the inorganic sol accounts for 2-8% of the total mass of the preset layer. Further, the heat treatment is carried out by placing the base material of the composite coating on a workbench of a heat treatment furnace.
The invention discloses a method for preparing a coating process by laser cladding by a vacuum sintering method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the base material to remove dust, oil dirt and rust on the surface of the base material;
(2) the invention relates to a composite gradient coating example on the surface of a high-speed cutting tool, which comprises a bottom layer, a transition layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer, the transition layer and the surface layer are arranged on the surface of a base material, the bottom layer is made of NiCrAlMo nickel-based self-fluxing metal powder, the transition layer is made of 60% of NiCrAlMo +20% of SiC +20% of C ceramic-based composite metal powder, and the surface layer is made of 40% of SiC +60% of C (diamond) ceramic-based composite powder; wherein the thickness of stratum basale is 1-2um, and the thickness of transition layer is 3-5um, and the thickness of surface course is 5-7 um.
(3) Powder treatment, namely placing the mixed powder into a planetary ball mill, then placing the planetary ball mill into a drying oven for drying for 12 hours, and then uniformly mixing the mixed powder with a bonding agent to uniformly mix and blend the powder to be clad into paste or paste for later use;
(4) spreading paste or pasty powder to be clad on the surface of a base material in different forms, shapes or patterns or characters in a screen printing mode;
(5) drying pasty or pasty powder to be clad preset on the surface of a substrate by screen printing in a high-temperature oven, then heating and hardening the powder for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 800-1200 ℃, and sintering the powder to form a preset layer;
(6) and melting the preset layer under the assistance of ultrasonic waves in the laser cladding process by an ultrasonic vibrator to generate a molten pool quasi-solid formed coating, and metallurgically bonding the preset layer and the base material to obtain the composite coating.
Further, the sintering process parameters are as follows: the heating power is 10-50 kW, the heating rate is 10-30 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the substrate preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the peak temperature heat preservation time is 20-360 min, the printing thickness is 3-10um, the screen printing speed is 100-600 mm/s, and the adhesive/powder is 0.2-0.6; the adopted laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the power is 800-. The adopted ultrasonic vibrator has the following technological parameters: the working frequency range is 5-20 kHz, and the maximum output power is 2000W.
(6) The technological parameters of the heat treatment are as follows: and the annealing treatment is to perform heat preservation on the substrate of the laser cladding composite coating for 3-6 hours at 500-600 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, then perform air cooling, and perform annealing heat treatment, so that the stress of the coating is eliminated.
The base material is usually plastic or metal or ceramic powder, the metal/ceramic powder mixed material, the planetary ball milling is a planetary ball mill, and the mixed powder is placed in the planetary ball mill in advance, namely the mixed powder is placed in the planetary ball mill in advance for ball milling.
In addition, the powder to be cladded in the second step is preset on the surface of the base material in a strip mode, the third step and the fourth step are carried out after one strip is preset, another strip of the powder to be cladded is preset and is overlapped with the previous strip, then the third step and the fourth step are carried out, and the operation is repeated until the composite coating is attached to the surface of the whole base material; the lap joint rate of the powder strips to be cladded is 10-50%, and the cross section of the powder strips to be cladded is circular, trapezoidal or rectangular.
The first process embodiment for preparing the coating by powder laser cladding preset by a sintering method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the base material to remove dust, oil dirt and rust on the surface of the base material;
(2) powder treatment, namely placing the mixed powder into a planetary ball mill, then placing the planetary ball mill into a drying oven for drying for 3 hours, and then uniformly mixing the mixed powder with an adhesive to uniformly mix and blend the powder to be clad into paste or paste for later use; (3) spreading paste or pasty powder to be clad on the surface of a base material in different forms in a screen printing mode; (4) drying pasty or pasty powder to be clad preset on the surface of a substrate by screen printing in a high-temperature oven, then heating and hardening the powder for 12 hours in vacuum at 800 ℃, and sintering the powder to form a preset layer; (5) and melting the preset layer under the assistance of ultrasonic waves in the laser cladding process by an ultrasonic vibrator to generate a molten pool quasi-solid formed coating, and metallurgically bonding the preset layer and the base material to obtain the composite coating. The sintering process comprises the following parameters: the heating power is 10kW, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the substrate preheating temperature is 200 ℃, the peak temperature heat preservation time is 20min, the printing thickness is 3 mu m, the screen printing speed is 100 mm/s, and the adhesive/powder is 0.2; the adopted laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the power is 800W, the argon flow is 1200ml/min, the preheating temperature of a sintering layer is 200 ℃, the scanning speed is 2mm/s, the lap joint rate is 10-50%, the inclination angle of a laser head is 0 degree, and the defocusing amount is 10 mm. The adopted ultrasonic vibrator has the following technological parameters: the working frequency range is 5-20 kHz, and the maximum output power is 2000W. (6) The technological parameters of the heat treatment are as follows: and the annealing treatment is to perform heat preservation on the substrate of the laser cladding composite coating for 3-6 hours at 500-600 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, then perform air cooling, and perform annealing heat treatment, so that the stress of the coating is eliminated.
The second process example for preparing the coating by powder laser cladding preset by a sintering method:
(1) pretreating the base material to remove dust, oil dirt and rust on the surface of the base material;
(2) powder treatment, namely placing the mixed powder into a planetary ball mill, then placing the planetary ball mill into a drying oven for drying for 3 hours, and then uniformly mixing the mixed powder with an adhesive to uniformly mix and blend the powder to be clad into paste or paste for later use; (3) spreading paste or pasty powder to be clad on the surface of a base material in different forms in a screen printing mode; (4) drying pasty or pasty powder to be clad preset on the surface of a substrate by screen printing in a high-temperature oven, then heating and hardening the powder for 12 hours in vacuum at 1200 ℃, and sintering the powder to form a preset layer; (5) and melting the preset layer under the assistance of ultrasonic waves in the laser cladding process by an ultrasonic vibrator to generate a molten pool quasi-solid formed coating, and metallurgically bonding the preset layer and the base material to obtain the composite coating. The sintering process comprises the following parameters: the heating power is 50kW, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃, the substrate preheating temperature is 400 ℃, the peak temperature heat preservation time is 360min, the printing thickness is 10 mu m, the screen printing speed is 600 mm/s, and the adhesive/powder is 0.6; the adopted laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the power is 2500W, the argon flow is 2400ml/min, the preheating temperature of a sintering layer is 400 ℃, the scanning speed is 8mm/s, the lap joint rate is 10-50%, the inclination angle of a laser head is 30 degrees, and the defocusing amount is 30mm, and the adopted ultrasonic vibrator has the following technological parameters: the working frequency range is 5-20 kHz, and the maximum output power is 2000W. (6) The technological parameters of the heat treatment are as follows: and the annealing treatment is to perform heat preservation on the substrate of the laser cladding composite coating for 3-6 hours at 500-600 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, then perform air cooling, and perform annealing heat treatment, so that the stress of the coating is eliminated.
The third process example for preparing the coating by powder laser cladding preset by a sintering method:
(1) pretreating the base material to remove dust, oil dirt and rust on the surface of the base material;
(2) powder treatment, namely placing the mixed powder into a planetary ball mill, then placing the planetary ball mill into a drying oven for drying for 3 hours, and then uniformly mixing the mixed powder with an adhesive to uniformly mix and blend the powder to be clad into paste or paste for later use; (3) spreading paste or pasty powder to be clad on the surface of a base material in different forms in a screen printing mode; (4) drying pasty or pasty powder to be clad preset on the surface of a substrate by screen printing in a high-temperature oven, then heating and hardening the powder for 12 hours in vacuum at 900 ℃, and sintering the powder to form a preset layer; (5) and melting the preset layer under the assistance of ultrasonic waves in the laser cladding process by an ultrasonic vibrator to generate a molten pool quasi-solid formed coating, and metallurgically bonding the preset layer and the base material to obtain the composite coating. The sintering process comprises the following parameters: the heating power is 30kW, the heating rate is 20 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the substrate preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the peak temperature heat preservation time is 200min, the printing thickness is 6.5um, the screen printing speed is 300 mm/s, and the adhesive/powder is 0.4; the adopted laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the power is 1600W, the argon flow is 1800ml/min, the preheating temperature of a sintering layer is 300 ℃, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, the lap joint rate is 10-50%, the inclination angle of a laser head is 150 degrees, and the defocusing amount is 20 mm. The adopted ultrasonic vibrator has the following technological parameters: the working frequency range is 5-20 kHz, and the maximum output power is 2000W. (6) The technological parameters of the heat treatment are as follows: and the annealing treatment is to perform heat preservation on the substrate of the laser cladding composite coating for 3-6 hours at 500-600 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, then perform air cooling, and perform annealing heat treatment, so that the stress of the coating is eliminated.
Further, the powder material is plastic or metal or ceramic powder, metal and ceramic mixed powder or coated powder or any composite powder thereof; the adhesive is an epoxy polyester powder coating which comprises an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, a curing agent and a pigment, although other adhesives are possible.
Furthermore, the base material of the composite coating is placed on a workbench of a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment, so that the coating stress is eliminated.
Further, the invention relates to a composite gradient coating example on the surface of a high-speed cutting tool, which comprises a bottom layer, a transition layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer is made of NiCrAlMo nickel-based self-fluxing metal powder, the transition layer is made of 60% NiCrAlMo +20% SiC +20% C ceramic-based composite metal powder, and the surface layer is made of 40% SiC +60% C (diamond) ceramic-based composite powder; wherein the thickness of stratum basale is 1-2um, and the thickness of transition layer is 3-5um, and the thickness of surface course is 5-7 um.
Furthermore, the method is used for preparing coating properties such as coating structure, mechanical property detection, hardness detection, adhesion test, friction and wear volume and the like by optimizing the vacuum sintering method and optimizing and controlling sintering process parameters and laser cladding process parameters, so that the coating properties on the metal surface can be obviously improved.
In order to verify the properties of the coating prepared by the preparation method of the optimized sintering process parameters and the laser cladding process parameters, such as coating structure, mechanical property detection, hardness detection, adhesion test, friction and wear volume and the like, the performance of the coating prepared in each embodiment is tested, and it can be known that the coating prepared by the sintering method preset powder is compared with the coating prepared by the traditional sol-gel technology, and the high-quality composite coating can be remarkably prepared as follows:
the above description is only an application example of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The technical solutions of the present invention are intended to cover the equivalent alternatives and modifications by those skilled in the art. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a coating process by laser cladding by a vacuum sintering method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of screen printing pasty or pasty powder to be clad on the surface of a base material to be clad through a screen, sintering to form a preset layer, and then carrying out laser melting, wherein the laser melting is to place the base material with the preset layer in laser processing equipment, simultaneously, an ultrasonic vibrator is aligned with a molten pool to act, the ultrasonic vibrator carries out ultrasonic-assisted melting on the laser cladding process to generate a pseudo-solid molten pool forming coating, and the preset layer and the base material are metallurgically combined to obtain the required composite coating.
2. The method for preparing the coating process by laser cladding by using the vacuum sintering method according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and the surface of the base material to be clad is polished in advance, and acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol are used for cleaning to remove oil stains on the surface of the base material.
3. The method for preparing the coating process by laser cladding by using the vacuum sintering method according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the powder to be clad is mixed powder consisting of two or more simple substance elements or compound powder.
4. The method for preparing the coating process by laser cladding by using the vacuum sintering method according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mixed powder is placed in a planetary ball mill in advance, then is placed in a drying oven to be dried for 12 hours, and then is uniformly mixed with the adhesive to realize uniform mixing and blending of the powder to be clad into paste or paste.
5. The method for preparing the coating process by laser cladding by using the vacuum sintering method according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: during printing, the paste or paste powder to be clad is poured into one end of the screen printing plate, a scraper is used for applying certain pressure to the paste or paste powder to be clad on the screen printing plate, the paste or paste powder to be clad moves towards the other end of the screen printing plate at a constant speed, and the paste or paste powder to be clad is extruded onto the surface of the base material from meshes of the screen image-text part by the scraper in the moving process to form a clad layer.
6. The method for preparing the coating process by laser cladding by using the vacuum sintering method according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the paste or paste coated on the surface of the substrate by the silk-screen printing is dried in a high-temperature oven, and then is heated and hardened in vacuum at 800-1200 ℃ for 12h, and is sintered to form the preset layer.
7. The method for preparing the coating process by laser cladding by using the vacuum sintering method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the adhesive is an organic adhesive or inorganic sol, the dosage of the organic adhesive accounts for 2-8% of the total mass of the preset layer, for example, a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 3-5%; the inorganic sol accounts for 2-8% of the total mass of the preset layer, and the heat treatment is carried out by placing the base material of the composite coating on a workbench of a heat treatment furnace.
8. A method for preparing a coating process by laser cladding by a vacuum sintering method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the base material to remove dust, oil dirt and rust on the surface of the base material;
(2) the composite gradient coating example comprises a bottom layer, a transition layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer is positioned on the surface of a base material, the transition layer is made of NiCrAlMo nickel-based self-fluxing metal powder, the transition layer is made of 60% NiCrAlMo +20% SiC +20% C ceramic-based composite metal powder, and the surface layer is made of 40% SiC +60% C (diamond) ceramic-based composite powder;
(3) powder treatment, namely placing the mixed powder into a planetary ball mill, then placing the planetary ball mill into a drying oven for drying for 12 hours, and then uniformly mixing the mixed powder with a bonding agent to uniformly mix and blend the powder to be clad into paste or paste for later use;
(4) spreading paste or pasty powder to be clad on the surface of a base material in different forms in a screen printing mode;
(5) drying pasty or pasty powder to be clad preset on the surface of a substrate by screen printing in a high-temperature oven, then heating and hardening the powder for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 800-1200 ℃, and sintering the powder to form a preset layer;
(6) melting the preset layer under the assistance of ultrasonic waves in the laser cladding process by an ultrasonic vibrator to generate a pseudo-solid forming coating of a molten pool, and enabling the preset layer and a base material to realize metallurgical bonding to obtain a composite coating;
(7) and placing the base material of the composite coating on a workbench of a heat treatment furnace for annealing heat treatment.
9. The method for preparing the coating process by laser cladding by using the vacuum sintering method according to claim 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the sintering process comprises the following parameters: the heating power is 10-50 kW, the heating rate is 10-30 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800-1200 ℃, the substrate preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, the peak temperature heat preservation time is 20-360 min, the printing thickness is 3-10um, the printing speed is 100-600 mm/s, and the adhesive/powder is 0.2-0.6; the adopted laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the power is 800-: the working frequency range is 5-20 kHz, and the maximum output power is 2000W; the heat treatment has the following technological parameters: and the annealing treatment is to perform heat preservation on the substrate of the laser cladding composite coating for 3-6 hours at 500-600 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace, then perform air cooling, and perform annealing heat treatment, so that the stress of the coating is eliminated.
10. The method for preparing the coating process by laser cladding by using the vacuum sintering method according to claim 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the powder material is ceramic powder, metal and ceramic mixed powder or coated powder or any composite powder thereof; the adhesive is an epoxy polyester powder coating, and the epoxy polyester powder coating comprises epoxy resin, polyester resin, a curing agent and a pigment.
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