CN110712074B - Method for repairing spindle taper hole by using self-grinding device - Google Patents
Method for repairing spindle taper hole by using self-grinding device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110712074B CN110712074B CN201910964672.7A CN201910964672A CN110712074B CN 110712074 B CN110712074 B CN 110712074B CN 201910964672 A CN201910964672 A CN 201910964672A CN 110712074 B CN110712074 B CN 110712074B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/35—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/48—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding walls of very fine holes, e.g. in drawing-dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing a main shaft taper hole by using an autogenous grinding device, which belongs to the technical field of machine tool maintenance and mainly aims at the repairing work of reference loss caused by serious damage of the taper hole of a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool; the method is suitable for maintenance of reference loss caused by damage of the taper hole of the main shaft of the factor control machine tool. The grinding device has the advantages that the structure is simple, the stability is good, the grinding amount is accurately controlled each time by means of feeding of a machine tool, excessive grinding of the spindle taper hole is avoided, the maintenance cost is greatly reduced, and the repair quality of the spindle taper hole is improved; the device comprises a base, a guide rail bottom plate, a bearing, a rotating shaft, a guide rail, a feeding planker, a lead screw support and a hand wheel; the motor drives the driving belt pulley to rotate, and the transmission belt bypasses the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley; the hand wheel drives the lead screw to rotate; the guide rail and the feeding planker have matching structures and move axially relative to each other. The method comprises the steps of using an autogenous mill, detecting the precision of a machine tool and grinding a grinding wheel path.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool maintenance, and relates to a method for repairing a spindle taper hole of a numerical control machine tool by using a self-grinding device, wherein the method is suitable for datum loss caused by damage of the spindle taper hole.
Background
The products and the method with the same purpose and similar technical means as the invention mainly comprise the following two types:
example 1: patent numbers: CN 101829933A
Name: machine tool spindle taper hole self-grinding tool
The handle 19 controls the whole body consisting of the longitudinal screw rod component 6, the grinding head seat 7, the grinding head 9 and the grinding rod 10 to feed; the slide 5 and the grinding head support 7 are connected by a 55-degree dovetail guide rail, and feed transmission is carried out by a longitudinal transmission part 6.
Example 2: patent numbers: CN 106736927A
Name: device for self-grinding and repairing taper hole of numerical control machine tool spindle
According to the invention, the main shaft part is manually rotated within a range from horizontal to vertical 90 degrees by loosening the locking bolts arranged on the opposite surfaces of the rotating frame; meanwhile, the axis of the main shaft of the device is parallel to a generatrix of a taper hole of the main shaft of the machine tool through adjustment of the two degrees of freedom, and alignment of the device is completed. The machine tool is enabled to go out of the oblique line of 7:24 (determined according to the angle of the main shaft taper hole bus) through the programming processing function of the numerical control machine tool, and the self-repairing grinding processing of the main shaft taper hole is completed by matching with the rotary grinding function of the device. Fig. 1 shows a conventional device.
Disadvantages of the background Art
[ example 1 ]
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the patent adopts a positioning mode of adding a guide surface on one surface, namely, the bottom surface is a first positioning reference, so that the degree of freedom of the tapered hole self-grinding tool in the direction of X, Y, Z is limited, the grinding feed of the grinding wheel is controlled by manually shaking a handle, the grinding precision of the tapered hole is ensured by depending on the precision of the grinding tool, and the error factor is large. Secondly, through manual adjustment guide angle, the accurate grinding of tapering can't be guaranteed.
[ example 2 ]
With reference to fig. 3, the device disclosed in this patent has too many degrees of freedom, which inevitably results in poor structural rigidity and affects grinding accuracy. Secondly, although numerical control programming is adopted to finish grinding feeding in a ratio of 7:24, no clear taper calculation formula and detailed and reliable grinding process are given. And the final taper repair precision cannot be accurately detected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for repairing a spindle taper hole by using an autogenous grinding device, which mainly aims at the repairing work of the spindle of a numerical control machine tool, wherein the datum loss is caused by the serious damage of the taper hole. The method comprises the steps of complete equipment of the autogenous mill, a machine tool precision detection method and grinding wheel grinding path calculation. Compared with the existing examples, the method has the advantages of simple structure, accurate calculation and convenience in use.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for repairing a spindle taper hole by using an autogenous grinding device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: dressing the grinding wheel, and selecting a columnar grinding wheel;
s2: determining the positioning precision and the repeated positioning precision of each axis of the machine tool;
s3: removing a positioning block on the end surface of the machine tool spindle, and installing an autogenous mill on a machine tool workbench to be repaired;
when the horizontal spindle taper hole is repaired, the autogenous mill is arranged on a machine tool platform;
when the vertical spindle taper hole is repaired, firstly, one surface of a bent plate with two surfaces forming an angle of 90 degrees is fixed on a workbench of a machine tool to be repaired, and then an autogenous mill is fixed on the other surface of the bent plate according to the angle of the spindle taper hole;
loosening a pressing plate for locking the rotating shaft, and finely adjusting the parallelism of the grinding wheel and the taper hole of the main shaft; locking the pressing plate after just adjustment;
s4: adjusting the height of the machine tool spindle to ensure that the height of the grinding wheel spindle of the autogenous grinding machine is the same as the center height of a taper hole of the machine tool spindle to be repaired or the error is within 2 mm;
s5: loosening a pressing plate of the autogenous mill, rotating the guide rail and a guide rail base plate by a certain angle to enable the surface of a grinding wheel of the autogenous mill to be parallel to the conical surface of a conical hole of a spindle to be repaired of a machine tool, and then pressing the pressing plate tightly;
s6: setting the axial length Y of the taper hole to be repaired, moving the machine tool to enable the grinding wheel to be positioned at the innermost end of the taper hole of the spindle until the outer side of the front end surface of the grinding wheel is flush with the tool withdrawal groove of the taper hole of the spindle; then, at the moment, a point on the space corresponding to the point on the outer side of the grinding wheel closest to the spindle taper hole is taken as an origin;
moving a machine tool main shaft by feeding a machine tool servo shaft to obtain a Y value, namely measuring the length of the axis of the taper hole, and converting the base circle radius L of the taper hole of the main shaft on the length by a taper proportion conversion formula to obtain the taper of the taper hole to be repaired, wherein L is the base circle radius of the large end face of the taper hole of the main shaft;
s7: editing and repairing a program of the spindle taper hole according to the calculated coordinates of the movement of the starting point and the end point of the spindle of the machine tool, and grinding according to the program;
the grinding procedure was as follows: determining a motion positioning starting point of a machine tool spindle, namely a starting position A, selecting a coordinate origin or a point near the coordinate origin, on the basis of the position A, rightwards offsetting the machine tool spindle by 0.01-0.02 mm of feeding amount, and reaching a motion end point position B after one-time feeding is finished, wherein the position B is as follows: on a plane which is at a distance of Y from the starting point in the axial direction, a point which is at a distance of L from the positioning starting point on the plane, wherein L and Y meet a taper proportion conversion formula; the machine tool main shaft continues to offset the same feeding amount;
performing the operation for several times, namely executing the grinding procedure for several times, and performing the next operation;
s8: respectively checking whether the main shaft swing error and the precision of the positive bus and the side bus are qualified;
s9: if the product is qualified, the grinding is finished, and if the product is not qualified, the grinding process is repeated.
Further, step S9 further includes adjusting the programmed grinding variables: and detecting for multiple times in the grinding process, and adjusting program grinding variables according to the detection result until the grinding is qualified.
Further, step S9 is followed by step S10: if the end face of the main shaft is damaged, the bowl-shaped grinding wheel is replaced on the autogenous grinding machine, and the end face of the main shaft is ground.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes, when repairing the horizontal spindle taper hole, first, placing the autogenous grinding machine on a workbench of the machine tool to be repaired, and placing the base at the angle of the spindle taper hole; shaking the lead screw through a hand wheel to enable the feeding supporting plate to move back and forth, and observing whether the grinding wheel is parallel to the taper hole of the main shaft; the adjusting grinding wheel is parallel to the spindle taper hole; then, fixing the autogenous mill base and a workbench of the machine tool to be repaired through a pressing plate; the feeding supporting plate is shaken to the foremost end of the guide rail through a hand wheel to prop against a screw rod at the front end for supporting.
Further, in step S7, in the grinding program, the grinding wheel is first ground without contacting the spindle taper hole, and contacts the spindle taper hole by the offset feed.
Further, in step S3, when repairing the vertical spindle taper hole, first fix the 90 ° bent plate on the machine tool table to be repaired, then fix the autogenous mill on the bent plate according to the spindle taper hole angle, loosen the press plate 2 and the press plate that lock the rotating shaft, and finely adjust the parallelism of the grinding wheel and the spindle taper hole; and locking the pressing plate after the adjustment is right, and then repairing according to the horizontal taper hole grinding step.
Further, step S6 specifically defines: setting the axial length Y of the taper hole to be repaired, moving the machine tool to enable the grinding wheel to be positioned at the innermost end of the taper hole of the spindle until the outer side of the front end surface of the grinding wheel is flush with the tool withdrawal groove of the taper hole of the spindle; recording the moving value Y1 of the main shaft on the machine tool operation panel, moving the main shaft in the opposite direction until the outer side of the front end face of the grinding wheel is exposed by 1-2mm from the outer end of the taper hole of the main shaft, and recording the moving value Y2 of the main shaft on the machine tool operation panel again; the value Y is obtained as Y2-Y1.
Further, step S6 specifically defines: the precision of the Y value depends on the positioning precision of the machine tool and is accurate to three decimal places.
Further, the autogenous mill adopted by the method comprises a base, a guide rail bottom plate, a bearing, a rotating shaft, a guide rail, a feeding planker, a lead screw support and a hand wheel; the grinding wheel spindle sleeve, the grinding wheel spindle, the grinding wheel, the belt pulley, the transmission belt, the belt pulley and the motor are arranged on the grinding wheel spindle sleeve; the guide rail bottom plate is fixed on the base, the guide rail is fixed on the guide rail bottom plate, the center hole of the guide rail is connected with a rotating shaft through a bearing, and the rotating shaft penetrates through the guide rail bottom plate and the base; the two screw supports are fixed at the two ends of the guide rail, and the front and the back of the screw respectively penetrate through the screw supports; the screw nut is fixedly connected with the feeding planker; the screw nut is matched with the screw rod; the guide rail and the feeding planker have a matching structure which is axially communicated and can move axially relatively; the upper end of the feeding planker is provided with a grinding wheel spindle sleeve, and a grinding wheel spindle penetrates through the grinding wheel spindle sleeve 33 and is fixed; the driven belt pulley is fixed at the tail end of the grinding wheel spindle, the driven belt pulley and the grinding wheel spindle synchronously rotate, the grinding wheel is fixed at the front end of the grinding wheel spindle, the motor drives the driving belt pulley to rotate, and the transmission belt bypasses the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley; the hand wheel drives the lead screw to rotate; the guide rail is provided with an axial through groove, the feeding planker is provided with an axial through bulge, and the axial through bulge and the feeding planker are matched; the axial direction of the grinding wheel spindle is parallel to the axis of the guide rail; the axis of the base is parallel to the axis of the worktable of the machine tool.
Furthermore, the guide rail and the feeding carriage are of a double-convex matching structure.
Furthermore, the protective cover is arranged on the transmission belt, the driving belt pulley and the driven belt pulley.
Further, the motor is arranged on the feeding planker.
Furthermore, the guide rail bottom plate is fixed on the base through the pressing plate.
Further, the motor adopts a three-phase asynchronous motor.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an superiority of patent technique is: after the grinding wheel is dressed, a machining program is generated through taper conversion, and the self feeding precision (the positioning precision in the 200mm stroke is generally less than 0.001mm) of the numerical control machine tool is utilized, so that the repairing precision of the spindle taper hole is ensured, and the interference of external factors is effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the grinding amount is accurately controlled at each time by means of feeding of the machine tool, excessive grinding of the spindle taper hole is avoided, the maintenance cost is greatly reduced, the spindle taper hole repairing quality is improved, and the repairing requirement of the high-precision spindle taper hole is met. The method is successfully applied to the main shaft repairing work of multiple sets and types of numerical control equipment.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the structure is simple, the stability is good, the calculation principle of the trimming path is simple and easy to understand, the popularization is strong, and the trimming precision grade is high. The spindle taper hole can be polished for many times by the method, and theoretically, the polishing amount of each time can be accurately controlled to be as low as 0.001 mm.
The device has good effect through the on-site maintenance use cases of nearly ten years. The following devices have been repaired for my company: the taper hole of the German Shaerman HC3.3 floor type boring and milling machine spindle, the taper hole of the German KOLB planer type milling machine spindle, the taper hole of the German WOTAN opposite boring machine spindle, the taper hole of the spindle in the Italy PAMA horizontal processing and the taper hole of the spindle of the machine tool of the domestic part.
At present, other alternatives do not have the universality of the scheme, for example, the devices in the examples 1 and 2 can only carry out maintenance on the spindle of a machine tool with a certain specific structure, and the precision control level and the repeated repairing and repairing times are not mature and perfect in the scheme of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art device configuration;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tapered bore autogenous mill used in the process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dressing autogenous mill grinding wheel;
FIG. 5 horizontal spindle installation autogenous mill approach;
FIG. 6 vertical spindle installation autogenous mill approach;
FIG. 7-1 is a view showing the positions (same height) of the grinding wheel and the spindle taper hole of the autogenous grinding machine;
FIG. 7-2 is a diagram showing the positions of grinding wheels and spindle taper holes (the taper surfaces are parallel);
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of taper conversion;
FIG. 9-1 is a schematic illustration of a grinding control process;
FIG. 9-2 is a schematic view showing the control of the grinding amount by gradually shifting A, B two-point coordinates to the right in the program
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the inspection of the precision of the ground taper hole;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a method for finishing the end face of a spindle taper hole.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for repairing a spindle taper hole by using an autogenous grinding device, which adopts a machine tool spindle taper hole repairing device (called an autogenous grinding machine for short) to repair
The machine tool spindle taper hole repairing device (called as an autogenous mill for short) is shown in figures 2 and 3: the grinding wheel grinding machine mainly comprises a base 25, a guide rail bottom plate 26, a pressing plate 27, a pressing plate 35, a bearing 36, a rotating shaft 37, a guide rail 28, a feeding dragging plate 29, a lead screw 41, a lead screw support 39, a hand wheel 38, a lead screw support 44, a grinding wheel spindle sleeve 33, a grinding wheel spindle 42, a grinding wheel 43, a belt pulley 34, a protective cover 40, a transmission belt 32, a belt pulley 30 and a motor 31.
The guide rail bottom plate 26 is fixed on the base 25, the guide rail 28 is fixed on the guide rail bottom plate 26, the central hole of the guide rail 28 is connected with a rotating shaft 37 through a bearing 36, and the rotating shaft 37 penetrates through the guide rail bottom plate 26 and the base 25; the two screw supports are fixed at two ends of the guide rail 28, and the front and the rear of the screw respectively penetrate through the screw supports; the screw nut is fixedly connected with a feeding planker 29; the screw nut is matched with the screw rod. The guide rail and the feeding planker are axially communicated and matched with each other, and can move axially relative to each other; a grinding wheel spindle sleeve 33 is arranged at the upper end of the feeding dragging plate 29, and a grinding wheel spindle 42 penetrates through the grinding wheel spindle sleeve 33 and is fixed; the driven belt pulley 34 is fixed at the tail end of the grinding wheel spindle 42, the driven belt pulley and the grinding wheel spindle rotate synchronously, the grinding wheel 43 is fixed at the front end of the grinding wheel spindle 42, the motor 31 drives the driving belt pulley 30 to rotate, and the transmission belt 32 bypasses the driving belt pulley 30 and the driven belt pulley 34, and the hand wheel 38 drives the screw rod to rotate.
The axial direction of the grinding wheel spindle 42 is parallel to the axis of the guide rail 28;
the axis of the base 25 is parallel to the axis of the table of the machine tool.
The protective cover 40 is attached to the drive belt 32, the pulley 30, and the pulley 34.
The motor 31 is mounted on the feed carriage 29.
The rail base plate 26 is fixed to the base 25 by a pressing plate.
And the double-convex guide rail is adopted, so that the function of finely adjusting the angle of the grinding head is realized (plus or minus 10 degrees). The grinding head is driven by a motor through a belt. The dressing grinding wheel adopts a common grinding wheel. The motor adopts a three-phase asynchronous motor and has the functions of start-stop control and leakage protection.
The invention relates to a method for repairing a spindle taper hole by using an autogenous grinding device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: if a new wheel is used, the wheel is dressed first. (the grinding wheel of the autogenous grinding machine is dressed by a machine tool without damage to the taper hole of the main shaft, so that the swing error of the grinding wheel during rotation is ensured to be minimum.
S2: and (3) rechecking the positioning precision and the repeated positioning precision of each shaft of the machine tool within the repair working range (within 1 m) by using a laser interferometer, and adjusting the two precision of the machine tool to 0.01 mm.
S3: and removing the positioning block on the end surface of the machine tool spindle, and installing an autogenous mill on the workbench of the machine tool to be repaired.
The specific installation mode is determined according to different machine tool structures. FIG. 5 horizontal spindle installation autogenous mill approach; FIG. 6 vertical spindle installation autogenous mill approach.
When the horizontal spindle taper hole is repaired, the autogenous grinding machine is installed on a machine tool platform.
When the vertical spindle taper hole is repaired, one surface of a bent plate with two surfaces forming an angle of 90 degrees is fixed on a workbench of a machine tool to be repaired, and then the autogenous mill is fixed on the other surface of the bent plate according to the angle of the spindle taper hole.
And loosening the pressure plate for locking the rotating shaft, and finely adjusting the parallelism of the grinding wheel and the taper hole of the main shaft. And locking the pressing plate after the adjustment is right, and then repairing according to the horizontal taper hole grinding step.
S4: as shown in fig. 7-1: adjusting the height of the machine tool spindle to ensure that the height of the grinding wheel spindle 42 of the autogenous grinding machine is the same as the center height of a taper hole of the machine tool spindle to be repaired or the error is within 2 mm;
s5: as shown in FIG. 7-2: loosening a pressing plate of the autogenous mill, rotating the guide rail and a guide rail bottom plate 26 by a certain angle to ensure that the surface of a grinding wheel of the autogenous mill is parallel to the conical surface of a conical hole of a spindle to be repaired of a machine tool (the conical degree of the axial line of the grinding wheel and the conical hole is roughly adjusted), and then pressing the pressing plate;
s6: as shown in fig. 7-3: and setting the axial length Y of the taper hole to be repaired, and establishing a rectangular coordinate system on the basis, wherein the axial length direction of the taper hole is a Y axis of the coordinate system, and an x axis is positioned in a plane parallel to the guide rail plane.
Moving the machine tool to enable the grinding wheel to be positioned at the innermost end of the spindle taper hole until the outer side of the front end surface of the grinding wheel is flush with the tool withdrawal groove of the spindle taper hole; then, at the moment, a point on the space corresponding to the point on the outer side of the grinding wheel closest to the spindle taper hole is taken as an origin;
(Y1 value of spindle movement on machine tool operation panel is recorded, and the spindle movement is reversed until the outer side of grinding wheel front end face is exposed by 1-2mm from outer end of spindle taper hole, and Y2 value of spindle movement on machine tool operation panel is recorded again; Y2-Y1;)
Moving the main shaft of the machine tool by feeding the servo shaft of the machine tool, (observing coordinate values in a panel of the machine tool) to obtain a Y value, namely measuring the length of the axis of the taper hole, (converting the radius of a base circle of the taper hole of the main shaft on the length by the following formula) to obtain the taper of the taper hole to be repaired,
the following formula is a taper proportion conversion formula of (7: 24):
3.5：24＝L：Y
wherein, L is the radius of the base circle of the big end surface of the spindle taper hole (the radius of the base circle of the spindle taper hole in the length).
The precision of the Y value depends on the positioning precision of the machine tool and can be accurate to three decimal places. This method can ensure that the calculated (7:24) taper is accurate to 0.001 mm.
The principle of the conversion formula is schematically shown in fig. 8, for example: the radius L of the bottom circle of different Y values can be calculated by a formula.
When Y is 24.000, L is 3.500
When Y is 48.000, L is 4, 7.000
S7: according to the calculated coordinates of the movement of the starting point and the end point of the main shaft of the machine tool, taking fig. 9 as an example, a numerical control program for repairing the taper hole of the main shaft is edited, and the program flow is as follows:
the machine tool spindle positions a starting point a (may be the origin of coordinates or not), on the basis of the position a, the machine tool spindle is offset to the right by 0.02 mm in feeding amount, and after one-time feeding is completed, the machine tool spindle finishes the end point B, and the position of the point B is as follows: a point on a plane at a distance of Y from the starting point (point a) in the axial direction, at a distance of L from the starting point on the plane (where 3.5: 24 is L: Y); continuously offsetting the feeding amount of the machine tool spindle by 0.02 mm, and performing the operation for n times in a circulating manner to perform the next operation;
in the figure, the grinding amount is controlled by gradually offsetting A, B two-point coordinates to the right in the program
S8: after several thinning procedures, using a check rod, as shown in fig. 10: and respectively checking the main shaft swing error and the precision of a positive bus and a side bus of the check rod. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for checking the accuracy of the ground taper hole.
S9: and (4) detecting for multiple times in the grinding process, and adjusting program grinding variables (offset feeding amount) according to the detection result until the grinding is qualified.
S10: if the end face of the main shaft is damaged, the bowl-shaped grinding wheel is replaced on the autogenous grinding machine, and the end face of the main shaft is repaired. As shown in fig. 11.
When repairing the horizontal spindle taper hole, firstly, placing the autogenous grinding machine on a workbench of a machine tool to be repaired, and placing the base 25 according to the angle of the spindle taper hole; the feed supporting plate 29 moves back and forth by swinging the lead screw 41 through the hand wheel 38, and whether the grinding wheel 43 is parallel to the taper hole of the main shaft is observed; the adjusting grinding wheel 43 is parallel to the spindle taper hole; then, fixing the autogenous mill base 25 and the machine tool workbench to be repaired through a pressing plate; the feed supporting plate 29 is shaken to the foremost end of the guide rail 28 through the hand wheel 38 and is propped against a front end lead screw support 44;
at this time, the numerical control machine is operated to make the grinding wheel 43 reach the inner side of the main shaft taper hole and exceed the taper hole conical surface by 5mm, and the reference point (starting point) of the inner side of the main shaft taper hole is determined.
And moving the machine tool, withdrawing the end face of the main shaft by 5mm, and enabling the grinding wheel to be at the reference point outside the taper hole of the main shaft.
Calculating (7:24) the taper of the taper hole by a calculation formula to obtain two coordinate point values; and (5) performing grinding programming, and controlling the machine tool to move to perform interpolation repair. At first, the grinding wheel is ground without contacting the spindle taper hole, and the feed grinding amount is controlled by the coordinate offset, and the offset is set to 0.01mm each time. The grinding quantity is accurately controlled, and the loss of the hardness layer of the spindle taper hole is reduced to the minimum.
When the vertical spindle taper hole is repaired, firstly, a 90-degree bent plate is fixed on a workbench of a machine tool to be repaired, then an autogenous mill is fixed on the bent plate according to the angle of the spindle taper hole, a pressing plate 27 and a pressing plate 35 for locking a rotating shaft are loosened, and the parallelism of a grinding wheel and the spindle taper hole is finely adjusted. And locking the pressing plate after the adjustment is right, and then repairing according to the horizontal taper hole grinding step.
Claims (10)
1. A method for repairing a spindle taper hole by using an autogenous grinding device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: dressing the grinding wheel, and selecting a columnar grinding wheel;
s2: determining the positioning precision and the repeated positioning precision of each axis of the machine tool;
s3: removing a positioning block on the end surface of the machine tool spindle, and installing an autogenous mill on a machine tool workbench to be repaired;
when the horizontal spindle taper hole is repaired, the autogenous mill is arranged on a machine tool platform;
when the vertical spindle taper hole is repaired, firstly, one surface of a bent plate with two surfaces forming an angle of 90 degrees is fixed on a workbench of a machine tool to be repaired, and then an autogenous mill is fixed on the other surface of the bent plate according to the angle of the spindle taper hole;
loosening a pressing plate for locking the rotating shaft, and finely adjusting the parallelism of the grinding wheel and the taper hole of the main shaft; locking the pressing plate after just adjustment;
s4: adjusting the height of the machine tool spindle to ensure that the height of the grinding wheel spindle of the autogenous grinding machine is the same as the center height of a taper hole of the machine tool spindle to be repaired or the error is within 2 mm;
s5: loosening a pressing plate of the autogenous mill, rotating the guide rail and a guide rail base plate by a certain angle to enable the surface of a grinding wheel of the autogenous mill to be parallel to the conical surface of a conical hole of a spindle to be repaired of a machine tool, and then pressing the pressing plate tightly;
s6: setting the axial length Y of the taper hole to be repaired, moving the machine tool to enable the grinding wheel to be positioned at the innermost end of the taper hole of the spindle until the outer side of the front end surface of the grinding wheel is flush with the tool withdrawal groove of the taper hole of the spindle; then, at the moment, a point on the space corresponding to the point on the outer side of the grinding wheel closest to the spindle taper hole is taken as an origin;
moving a machine tool main shaft by feeding a machine tool servo shaft to obtain a Y value, namely measuring the length of the axis of the taper hole, and converting the base circle radius L of the taper hole of the main shaft on the length by a taper proportion conversion formula to obtain the taper of the taper hole to be repaired, wherein L is the base circle radius of the large end face of the taper hole of the main shaft;
taper proportion conversion formula: the formula is that the radius L of the base circle of the spindle taper hole on the length of the taper hole axis is obtained according to the length Y of the spindle taper hole axis;
s7: editing and repairing a program of the spindle taper hole according to the calculated coordinates of the movement of the starting point and the end point of the spindle of the machine tool, and grinding according to the program;
the grinding procedure was as follows: determining a motion positioning starting point of a machine tool spindle, namely a starting position A, selecting a coordinate origin or a point near the coordinate origin, on the basis of the position A, rightwards offsetting the machine tool spindle by 0.01-0.02 mm of feeding amount, and reaching a motion end point position B after one-time feeding is finished, wherein the position B is as follows: on a plane which is at a distance of Y from the starting point in the axial direction, a point which is at a distance of L from the positioning starting point on the plane, wherein L and Y meet a taper proportion conversion formula; the machine tool main shaft continues to offset the same feeding amount;
performing the operation for several times, namely executing the grinding procedure for several times, and performing the next operation;
s8: respectively checking whether the main shaft swing error and the precision of the positive bus and the side bus are qualified;
s9: if the product is qualified, the grinding is finished, and if the product is not qualified, the grinding process is repeated.
2. The method for repairing a spindle taper hole using an autogenous grinding apparatus of claim 1, wherein step S9 further comprises adjusting the programmed grinding variables: and detecting for multiple times in the grinding process, and adjusting program grinding variables according to the detection result until the grinding is qualified.
3. The method for repairing a tapered bore of a spindle using an autogenous grinding device of claim 1, further comprising, after step S9, step S10: if the end face of the main shaft is damaged, the bowl-shaped grinding wheel is replaced on the autogenous grinding machine, and the end face of the main shaft is ground.
4. The method for repairing a tapered hole of a spindle using an autogenous grinding device of claim 1, wherein the step S3 further comprises, when repairing a tapered hole of a horizontal spindle, first, placing the autogenous grinding machine on a table of a machine tool to be repaired, and placing a base at a position corresponding to the angle of the tapered hole of the spindle; shaking the lead screw through a hand wheel to enable the feeding supporting plate to move back and forth, and observing whether the grinding wheel is parallel to the taper hole of the main shaft; the adjusting grinding wheel is parallel to the spindle taper hole; then, fixing the autogenous mill base and a workbench of the machine tool to be repaired through a pressing plate; the feeding supporting plate is shaken to the foremost end of the guide rail through a hand wheel to prop against a screw rod at the front end for supporting.
5. The method for repairing a spindle taper hole using an autogenous grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the grinding process of step S7, the grinding wheel is initially ground without contacting the spindle taper hole, and contacts the spindle taper hole by the offset feed.
6. The method for repairing a tapered hole of a spindle using an autogenous grinding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, when repairing a tapered hole of a vertical spindle, the 90 ° bent plate is first fixed on the table of the machine tool to be repaired, then the autogenous grinding machine is fixed on the bent plate according to the angle of the tapered hole of the spindle, the two pressing plates for locking the rotating shaft are released, and the parallelism between the grinding wheel and the tapered hole of the spindle is finely adjusted; and locking the pressing plate after the adjustment is right, and then repairing according to the horizontal taper hole grinding step.
7. The method for repairing a tapered bore of a spindle using an autogenous grinding device of claim 1, wherein step S6 specifies: setting the axial length Y of the taper hole to be repaired, moving the machine tool to enable the grinding wheel to be positioned at the innermost end of the taper hole of the spindle until the outer side of the front end surface of the grinding wheel is flush with the tool withdrawal groove of the taper hole of the spindle; recording the moving value Y1 of the main shaft on the machine tool operation panel, moving the main shaft in the opposite direction until the outer side of the front end face of the grinding wheel is exposed by 1-2mm from the outer end of the taper hole of the main shaft, and recording the moving value Y2 of the main shaft on the machine tool operation panel again; the value Y is obtained as Y2-Y1.
8. The method for repairing a tapered bore of a spindle using an autogenous grinding device of claim 1, wherein step S6 specifies: the precision of the Y value depends on the positioning precision of the machine tool and is accurate to three decimal places.
9. The method for repairing a tapered bore of a spindle using an autogenous grinding apparatus of claim 1, wherein the autogenous grinding machine used is defined as follows: comprises a base (25), a guide rail bottom plate (26), a bearing (36), a revolving shaft (37), a guide rail (28), a feeding planker (29), a screw rod (41), a screw rod support and a hand wheel (38); the grinding wheel spindle comprises a grinding wheel spindle sleeve (33), a grinding wheel spindle (42), a grinding wheel (43), a driven belt pulley (34), a transmission belt (32), a driving belt pulley (30) and a motor (31); the guide rail bottom plate (26) is fixed on the base (25), the guide rail (28) is fixed on the guide rail bottom plate (26), a central hole of the guide rail (28) is connected with a rotating shaft (37) through a bearing (36), and the rotating shaft (37) penetrates through the guide rail bottom plate (26) and the base (25); the two screw supports are fixed at two ends of the guide rail (28), and the front and the rear of the screw respectively penetrate through the screw supports; the screw nut is fixedly connected with a feeding planker (29); the screw nut is matched with the screw rod; the guide rail (28) and the feeding planker (29) have a matching structure which is axially communicated and can move axially relatively; the upper end of the feeding carriage (29) is provided with a grinding wheel spindle sleeve (33), and a grinding wheel spindle (42) penetrates through the grinding wheel spindle sleeve 33 and is fixed; the driven belt pulley (34) is fixed at the tail end of the grinding wheel spindle (42) and synchronously rotates, the grinding wheel (43) is fixed at the front end of the grinding wheel spindle (42), the motor (31) drives the driving belt pulley (30) to rotate, and the driving belt (32) bypasses the driving belt pulley (30) and the driven belt pulley (34); the hand wheel (38) drives the lead screw to rotate.
10. The method for repairing a tapered bore of a spindle using an autogenous grinding apparatus of claim 9, wherein the autogenous grinding machine used is defined as follows: the axial direction of the grinding wheel spindle (42) is parallel to the axis of the guide rail (28); the axis of the base (25) is parallel to the axis of the worktable of the machine tool.
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| CN111791100A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-20 | 成都普什汽车模具有限公司 | Repairing device and repairing method for taper hole of machine tool spindle |
| CN113927379B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-10-11 | 三门核电有限公司 | Method for repairing valve seat of electromagnetic valve and electromagnetic valve |
| CN115179119A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-10-14 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | Dynamic grinding device for collector ring of large axial flow slurry-rotating type hydraulic generator |
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Effective date of registration: 20220126 Address after: 014032 mailbox two, Qingshan District, Baotou, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Patentee after: INNER MONGOLIA FIRST MACHINERY Group Corp. Patentee after: China Wanbao Engineering Co., Ltd Address before: 014032 mailbox two, Qingshan District, Baotou, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Patentee before: INNER MONGOLIA FIRST MACHINERY Group Corp. |