CN110705862A - Method for evaluating health state of wetland park habitat - Google Patents

Method for evaluating health state of wetland park habitat Download PDF

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CN110705862A
CN110705862A CN201910916683.8A CN201910916683A CN110705862A CN 110705862 A CN110705862 A CN 110705862A CN 201910916683 A CN201910916683 A CN 201910916683A CN 110705862 A CN110705862 A CN 110705862A
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wetland park
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方小山
刘爽
宋振宇
陈伟智
吴任之
王艺锦
袁子枚
葛小银
李桐
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for evaluating the health state of a wetland park habitat, which comprises the steps of collecting basic characteristic parameters of the wetland park, establishing a three-layer structure model, establishing a wetland park habitat evaluation standard and index layer index grading, scoring the health state of the wetland park habitat according to the evaluation standard and field monitoring, further obtaining a comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health, and obtaining an optimization strategy of the wetland park habitat health according to the score condition. The method is designed and managed by the wetland park, has the characteristics of easiness in operation and capability of landing, can be used for pertinently optimizing the wetland park habitat state according to the evaluation result, guiding the wetland park habitat restoration, effectively solving the problem in the wetland park habitat health evaluation, and is beneficial to the wetland park health and sustainable development.

Description

Method for evaluating health state of wetland park habitat
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wetland park ecological protection, in particular to a method for evaluating the health state of a wetland park habitat.
Background
The wetland park habitat is an important component of a wetland park ecosystem and is a foundation on which organisms in the wetland park live. The positioning of the wetland park determines that the protection and construction of the habitat in the wetland park and the introduction and interference of human behaviors can be stored in the wetland park habitat for a long time. Currently, many patent researches on wetland health evaluation are focused on large-scale river wetland, lake wetland and sea wetland, and in the selection of an evaluation method, a single factor indication method is mostly selected as the evaluation method to reflect the health state of a wetland ecosystem. The health evaluation research aiming at the site scale of the wetland park is less, and the evaluation method and the evaluation index selection cannot comprehensively consider the characteristics of the complex social-economic-natural ecosystem of the wetland park. The wetland park habitat health is the core of wetland park health and sustainable development, so that the wetland park habitat health evaluation method has practical significance for the development of health evaluation research of the wetland park habitat.
Along with the rapid progress of urbanization, the urban ecological environment is greatly impacted, and the space suitable for animals in the city is gradually reduced. Under the large background of healthy China and ecological civilization construction, government policy support for wetland environmental protection is more obvious, and wetland parks relying on wetland resources also come to build rush hours. However, as the artificial interference to the wetland is increasingly remarkable, a lot of wetland park habitats exceed the bearing capacity of the wetland park and face threats such as wetland area reduction and serious damage to the habitats. Therefore, how to know the health condition of the wetland park habitat and develop the health condition management of the wetland park habitat to maintain the stable ecosystem of the wetland park is an important problem in the process of promoting the construction and protection of the wetland park at present and is also a core problem of sustainable and healthy development of the wetland park.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a method for evaluating the health state of the wetland park habitat. Based on the above purpose, the invention at least provides the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating the health status of wetland park habitats comprises the following steps:
collecting basic characteristic parameters of the wetland park, obtaining the degradation condition of the wetland park habitat, and formulating a recovery target of the wetland park according to the degradation condition;
selecting indexes of the wetland park habitat health evaluation by adopting a frequency statistical method, and constructing a three-layer structure model comprising a target layer, a criterion layer and an index layer according to the indexes;
deducing the weight values of the criterion layer indexes and the index layer indexes based on the basic characteristic parameters, establishing evaluation criteria of the wetland park habitat based on the basic characteristic parameters and a recovery target, and grading the index layer indexes;
obtaining a field monitoring evaluation score of the index of the wetland park index layer based on the evaluation standard, obtaining an evaluation score of the criterion layer according to the field monitoring evaluation score, and obtaining a comprehensive evaluation score of the health of the wetland park habitat based on the evaluation score of the criterion layer;
and providing an optimization strategy for the habitat health of the wetland park from the aspect of the standard layer indexes of the wetland park habitat health evaluation on the basis of the wetland park habitat health comprehensive evaluation score.
Further, the basic characteristic parameters comprise hydrology, water quality, soil, animal and plant diversity and landscape characteristic data.
Further, the criterion layer B represents a main level of the wetland park habitat health and reflects the health level of the wetland park habitat from different aspects, and indexes of the criterion layer B comprise water body characteristics B1, soil characteristics B2, animal characteristics B3 and plant characteristics B4; the index layer C is the most basic hierarchical structure and directly reflects the health state of the wetland park habitat, and indexes of the index layer C comprise water quality C1, water depth C2, water level C3, flow rate C4, water salinity change rate C5, water eutrophication degree C6, soil property C7, soil water permeability C8, peripheral noise quality C9, bird species C10, bird habitat condition C11, aquatic plant proportion C12, native plant proportion C13, plant diversity C14 and invasive species C15.
Further, deriving the index weight values of the criterion layer and the index layer based on the basic feature parameters specifically includes: the weight value of the index layer is equal, and the weight value of the index layer is the average value of the weight value of the upper level relative to the quantity of the indexes of all levels in the index layer.
Further, the grading includes five grades "healthy, sub-healthy, fragile, sick and bad".
Further, the evaluation standard of the wetland park habitat is as follows:
Figure BDA0002216301260000031
Figure BDA0002216301260000041
further, the criterion layer evaluation score is obtained by adopting the following method:
① calculating the evaluation score of the water body characteristic layer:
GCi＝GNCi×WCi(i＝1，2，3，4，5，6)
Figure BDA0002216301260000042
wherein G is the evaluation score of the water body characteristic index; gCiThe standard evaluation score of the water body characteristic index Ci is obtained; GNCiIs the field monitoring evaluation score of the water body characteristic index Ci, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB1Characteristic of water body B1A weight;
② evaluation score calculation of soil characteristic layer:
FCi＝FNCi×WCi(i＝7，8)
Figure BDA0002216301260000043
wherein F is the evaluation score of the soil characteristic index; fCiThe standard evaluation score of the soil characteristic index Ci is obtained; FN (FN)CiIs the field monitoring evaluation score of the soil characteristic index Ci, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB2Weight for soil characteristic B2;
③ evaluation score calculation for animal feature layer:
ECi＝ENCi×WCi(i＝9，10，11)
Figure BDA0002216301260000044
wherein E is the evaluation score of the animal characteristic index; eCiA standardized evaluation score for the animal characteristic index Ci; ENCiScore for on-site monitoring evaluation of animal characteristic index Ci, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB3Weight for animal feature B3;
④ evaluation score calculation of plant characteristic layer:
KCi＝KNCi×WCi(i＝12，13，14，15)
Figure BDA0002216301260000051
wherein K is the evaluation score of the plant characteristic index; kCiThe standardized evaluation score of the plant characteristic index Ci is obtained; KNCiThe field monitoring evaluation score of the plant characteristic index Ci, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB4Is the weight of the plant characteristic B4.
Further, the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health evaluation is calculated as follows:
P＝(G+F+E+K)/4
wherein P is the comprehensive score of the wetland park habitat health evaluation; wherein 0-1 is classified into adverse state, 1-2 is classified into disease state, 2-3 is classified into fragile state, 3-4 is classified into sub-health state, and 4-5 is classified into health state.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the method for evaluating the health state of the wetland park habitat comprehensively considers the characteristics of a complex social-economic-natural ecosystem of the wetland park from multiple aspects of water, soil, animals and plants, and evaluates the health state of the wetland park habitat. And the method provides an evaluation standard for evaluating the wetland park, and when planning design of the wetland park and managers face the method, problems in evaluation of the wetland park habitat health can be easily judged according to the evaluation standard to guide the wetland park habitat recovery. The method is easy to operate and strong in implementability, and solves the problem of hysteresis of wetland park habitat health evaluation in the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for evaluating the health state of the wetland park habitat.
FIG. 2 is a structural model diagram of the wetland park habitat health evaluation structure. Layered structure model for evaluating wetland park habitat health
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a hydrological field investigation in a bird paradise wetland park in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a water sample recording diagram of a bird paradise wetland park in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a field survey and sampling survey map of bird paradise wetland park soil in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a water quality monitor for bird paradise wetland park in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a soil sampling point in a bird paradise wetland park in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the bird paradise wetland park criterion layer evaluation health score in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows the standardized evaluation scores of the indexes of the bird paradise wetland park index layer in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
The flow chart of the wetland park habitat health state evaluation-based method is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of collecting basic characteristic parameters of the wetland park, obtaining the degradation condition of the wetland park habitat according to the basic characteristic parameters, and formulating a recovery target of the wetland park according to the degradation condition.
The collection of the basic characteristic parameters of the wetland park refers to the collection and on-site observation of hydrology, water quality, soil, animal and plant diversity and landscape characteristic data of the wetland park habitat, and the degradation condition of the wetland park habitat is known according to the collected data. According to the degradation condition of the wetland park habitat, a restoration target of the wetland park habitat in the aspects of water body characteristics, soil characteristics, animal characteristics and plant characteristics is formulated, and the formulation of the restoration target reflects the social functional desirability and the technical feasibility of the wetland park.
And step two, selecting indexes of the wetland park habitat health evaluation by adopting a frequency statistical method, and constructing a three-layer structure model comprising a target layer, a criterion layer and an index layer according to the indexes.
The frequency statistical method is a known method, and comprises the steps of selecting a document which is related to the wetland park habitat health evaluation and has the reference frequency of more than 5 by adopting the frequency statistical method, analyzing the use frequency of evaluation indexes used in the document, screening indexes with the frequency of more than 30%, establishing a candidate index library, further screening according to the scientific, integrity and operability principles of the wetland park habitat health evaluation index screening, and finally determining index layer indexes.
As shown in fig. 2, the wetland park habitat health evaluation structure model is divided into three layers, namely a target layer a, a criterion layer B and an index layer C, wherein: the target layer A is the highest level of the hierarchical structure and reflects the comprehensive evaluation index of the wetland park habitat health state. The criterion layer B is a main layer for representing the health of the wetland park habitat and reflects the health level of the wetland park habitat from different aspects, and the criterion layer B comprises the following indexes: water body characteristic B1, soil characteristic B2, animal characteristic B3 and plant characteristic B4. The index layer C is the most basic hierarchical structure and comprises the following indexes: C1-C15, which can directly reflect the health state of the wetland park habitat.
The criterion layer index water body characteristic B1 comprises six index layer indexes: water quality C1, water depth C2, water level C3, water flow rate C4, water salinity change rate C5 and water eutrophication degree C6; criteria layer indicators soil characteristics B2 include two indicator layer indicators: soil property C7 and soil water permeability C8; criteria level indicators animal characteristics B3 include three criteria level indicators: peripheral noise quality C9, bird species C10, bird habitat environment C11; the criterion layer index plant characteristics B4 include four index layer indexes, namely, aquatic plant proportion C12, indigenous plant proportion C13, invasive species number C14 and plant diversity C15.
The detailed description of the indexes of each index layer is as follows:
c1 water quality: and (3) evaluating the hydrology of the wetland system from the level of quality, wherein the grade of the water quality is finally obtained mainly according to the measurement of factors such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD and the like.
C2 water depth: the water depth condition is a main factor forming the wetland environment and reflects the water storage capacity of the wetland and the plant growth environment to a certain extent. The water level and the water depth of the area where the wetland park is located are easily interfered by natural factors such as rainfall, seawater and typhoon, so the height of the highest water level and the duration time should be noticed during the measurement of the water depth condition.
C3 water level: wetland water level gradient and water level fluctuation are one of typical disturbance characteristics of the wetland. The water level can generally affect the wetland by interfering with the plant living environment and ecological safety. Expressed as water level height.
C4 flow rate: the water flow velocity is an important characteristic of the water in the park, and can influence the distribution of nutritive salt (nitrogen and phosphorus), chlorophyll a concentration, PH and dissolved oxygen in the water. Is a key index of water body property.
Salinity change rate of C5 water: the salinity concentration of water influences the wetland habitat at the salt-fresh water junction of the wetland park, and the change of salinity directly influences plants and animals growing in the habitat type.
C6 water eutrophication degree: the water eutrophication is an expression of water pollution, and the water transparency can be used for primarily judging the water eutrophication degree.
C7 soil characteristics: the method is characterized in that the organic matter content, the salt content and other indexes of the soil are considered, the soil type division is combined for measurement, and qualitative and quantitative researches are combined.
C8 soil water permeability: the indexes of the soil for the infiltration and absorption capacity of surface runoff and precipitation can represent the hydrological condition and the survival environment of plants.
C9 ambient noise quality: the influence of noise to birds is mainly studied, and the noise decibel number of each subarea noise source (including peripheral residential area noise, tourist noise, engine noise of a pleasure boat and the like) is measured on the spot, and quantitative description is carried out by combining national noise requirements.
C10 avian species: birds are main objects in wetland parks, the number of the birds can reflect the ecological health condition of the wetland parks, and the ratio of the number of the target wetland birds to the number of the birds in the region of the wetland parks is used for quantitative description.
C11 avian habitat conditions: good bird habitat conditions can attract more birds and increase bird diversity. According to the landscape constitution of the habitat, the excellent condition can be described by combining the qualitative and quantitative aspects according to the area and the degradation rate.
C12 aquatic plant ratio: the wetland aquatic plants comprise moisture-proof plants, emergent aquatic plants, floating plants, submerged plants and floating plants, the change of the aquatic plants can change underwater substrates and water quality so as to influence hydrology, a certain amount of aquatic plants can bring benefits to wetland parks in the aspects of re-ecology and landscape construction, and the research on the wetland aquatic plants can adopt a qualitative and quantitative combined mode.
C13 native tree species ratio: the zonal plants can reflect the vegetation characteristics of the field and have the ecological expression effect. The coverage rate can reflect the health condition of the wetland park, can be quantitatively described and is expressed by percentage.
C14 plant diversity: can represent the stability degree of the wetland ecosystem. The method is measured by the percentage of the plant species in the wetland park to the plant number in the region.
C15 invasive species: the species of the foreign species can represent the invasion degree of the foreign species of the wetland to a certain extent.
Step three, directly deducing the weight values of the criterion layer indexes and the index layer indexes based on the basic characteristic parameters, establishing evaluation standards of the wetland park habitat based on the basic characteristic parameters and recovery targets, and grading the index layer indexes
(1) Determining an index weight value for an index layer
According to the investigation data of the basic characteristic parameters obtained by long-term monitoring (2010-2016) of the wetland park, the weighted value of the core evaluation index obtained by using a direct deduction method can be assigned to be equivalent. I.e. weight W of water body characteristic of B1B1B2 weight W of soil characteristicsB2B3 weight W of animal characteristicsB3B4 weight W of plant characteristicsB4Are all assigned a value of 1.
The weight value of the index layer is the average value of the weight value of the upper level relative to the number of indexes of each level in the index layer. The weights of the water quality C1, the water depth C2, the water level C3, the water flow rate C4, the water salinity change rate C5 and the water eutrophication degree C6 of the index layer relative to the water body characteristic B1 of the criterion layer are respectively WC1、WC2、WC3、WC4、WC5、WC6The weight values are 1/6. The weights of the soil property C7 and the soil water permeability C8 of the index layer relative to the soil characteristic B2 of the standard layer are respectively WC7、WC8The weight values are 1/2. The weights of the peripheral noise quality C9, the bird species C10 and the bird habitat condition C11 of the index layer relative to the animal feature B3 of the criterion layer are WC9、WC10、WC11The weight values are 1/3. Aquatic plant of index layerThe weight of the ratio C12, the native plant ratio C13, the plant diversity C14 and the invasive species C15 relative to the criterion layer plant characteristic B4 are WC12、WC13、WC14、WC15The weight values are 1/4.
(2) Establishing evaluation standard and grading of indexes of wetland park habitat index layer
The grading of the evaluation standard of the index layer index is divided into five grades of 'health, sub-health, weakness, disease and badness' according to the difference between the current situation of the wetland park habitat and the recovery target and the evaluation standard of the river and lake wetland ecosystem, and the five grades are respectively endowed with scores of 5-0.
The evaluation standard of the index layer indexes is mainly made by reference to the following points:
① is determined according to national standards and industry specifications, such as the surface water environment quality standard (GB 3838-2002), the national republic of China industry standard-soil erosion classification standard (SL 190-2007) and the like, ② refers to relevant research at home and abroad to find out evaluation basis with high acceptance, and ③ refers to local historical data such as hydrologic data and the like to determine the quality based on the historical background of the region where the wetland park is located.
TABLE 1 evaluation criteria of indexes of wetland park habitat health index layer
Figure BDA0002216301260000101
And obtaining the standard evaluation score of the index layer index according to the evaluation standard.
And fourthly, obtaining the on-site monitoring evaluation score of the index of the wetland park index layer based on the evaluation standard, obtaining the evaluation score of the criterion layer according to the on-site monitoring evaluation score, and obtaining the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health based on the evaluation score of the criterion layer.
(1) And (3) carrying out on-site monitoring on evaluation indexes of water body characteristics, soil characteristics, animal characteristics and plant characteristics of the wetland park habitat, and referring to established index evaluation standards (table 1) to obtain an evaluation value of the index layer. The specific calculation steps are as follows:
① calculating the evaluation score of the water body characteristic layer:
GCi＝GNCi×WCi(i＝1，2，3，4，5，6)
Figure BDA0002216301260000112
wherein G is the evaluation score of the water body characteristic index; gCiThe standard evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the water body characteristic index is obtained; GNCiThe field monitoring evaluation score, W, of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the water body characteristic indexCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB1Is the weight of the water body characteristic B1.
② evaluation score calculation of soil characteristic layer:
FCi＝FNCi×WCi(i＝7，8)
Figure BDA0002216301260000121
wherein, F is the evaluation score of the index layer index corresponding to the soil characteristic index; fCiThe standard evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the soil characteristic index is obtained; FN (FN)CiThe field monitoring evaluation score, W, of the index Ci of the index layer corresponding to the soil characteristic indexCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB2Is the weight of soil characteristic B2.
③ evaluation score calculation for animal feature layer:
ECi＝ENCi×WCi(i＝9，10，11)
Figure BDA0002216301260000122
wherein E is an index corresponding to the animal characteristic indexEvaluation score of layer index; eCiThe standard evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the animal characteristic index is obtained; ENCiThe field monitoring evaluation score of the index Ci of the index layer corresponding to the animal characteristic index, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB3Is the weight of the animal feature B3.
④ evaluation score calculation of plant characteristic layer:
KCi＝KNCi×WCi(i＝12，13，14，15)
Figure BDA0002216301260000123
in the formula: k is the evaluation score of the index layer index corresponding to the plant characteristic index; kCiThe standardized evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the plant characteristic index is obtained; GNC1The field monitoring evaluation score of the index Ci of the index layer corresponding to the plant characteristic index, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB4Is the weight of the plant characteristic B4.
(2) And adding the evaluation scores of the index layer indexes corresponding to the indexes of each criterion layer, and taking the average value to obtain the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health evaluation.
P＝(G+F+E+K)/4
The comprehensive score of 0-5 of the wetland park habitat health evaluation is divided into 5 grades of health, sub-health, weakness, disease and badness. Wherein 0-1 is classified into adverse state, 1-2 is classified into disease state, 2-3 is classified into fragile state, 3-4 is classified into sub-health state, and 4-5 is classified into health state.
And fifthly, based on the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health, a targeted optimization strategy is provided for the wetland park habitat health state from the aspects of water body characteristics, soil characteristics, animal characteristics and plant characteristic index layers of the wetland park habitat.
Next, the method for evaluating the health status of the wetland park habitat according to the invention will be described in more detail by taking the national wetland park of aviary hall of the new guangdong society as an example.
The degradation condition of the wetland park habitat is known by collecting and on-site observing hydrological, water quality, soil, animal and plant diversity and landscape characteristic data of the bird paradise national wetland park habitat.
According to the degradation condition of the wetland park habitat, a restoration target of the wetland park habitat in the aspects of water body characteristics, soil characteristics, biological characteristics and plant characteristics is formulated, and the formulation of the restoration target embodies social functional desirability, economic support and technical feasibility of the wetland park.
A frequency statistical method is adopted to obtain core indexes of the health evaluation of the habitat of the bird paradise wetland park, and a three-level wetland park habitat health evaluation index hierarchical structure model is constructed.
The hierarchical structure model for the wetland park habitat health evaluation is divided into three levels, namely a target layer A, a criterion layer B and an index layer C, wherein: the target layer A is the highest level of the hierarchical structure and reflects the comprehensive evaluation index of the wetland park habitat health state. The criterion layer B is a main layer for representing the health of the wetland park habitat and reflects the health level of the wetland park habitat from different aspects, and comprises water body characteristics B1, soil characteristics B2, animal characteristics B3 and plant characteristics B4. The index layer C is the most basic hierarchical structure and comprises C1-C15 and can directly reflect the health state of the wetland park habitat.
According to the long-term data monitoring of the bird paradise wetland park, the weight of the standard layer indexes of the water body characteristic B1, the soil characteristic B2, the animal characteristic B3 and the plant characteristic B4 obtained by data deduction can be given as 1.0, and the weight of the index layer can be calculated as the average value of the weight of the upper level relative to the number of all levels. Meanwhile, based on the statistics of relevant standard files and historical data of the bird paradise wetland park, evaluation indexes are graded and standardized, and a wetland park habitat health evaluation standard is formulated.
Collecting basic data and field measurement of national wetland park of bird paradise.
The main touring modes in the national wetland park of the bird paradise are walking and pleasure boats, 5 measuring points and 11 measuring points are respectively set in 2015 and 2016 to carry out transverse and vertical comparison according to the conditions of areas and surrounding environments in the park, the latter is used for the comparison and supplementary investigation of the former, a foundation is laid for health evaluation, and data is acquired in 2016 for the evaluation. The investigation time was 8:00 in the morning to 14:00 in the afternoon.
And (3) field investigation: the hydrographic feature measurement is based on the route of the pleasure boat, so that the on-site measurement of water depth, water level, flow velocity and the like is carried out on the measuring points as shown in figure 3, and the water quality measurement and the salinity measurement of water are carried out by sampling as shown in figure 4. And (3) taking a water sample back after on-site sampling for sediment observation, detecting the content of ph and COD, and taking 11 measuring points A, B, D, E, F1, G, H, I am, I pm, F2 am and F2pm on site.
Soil elements are measured by field observation and instruments to distinguish the soil type and various physicochemical properties, and fig. 5 shows the soil field survey and sampling measurement.
And in the aspect of animal characteristics, mainly researching birds, combining related documents and on-site observation statistical data on the storied houses of the birds, and photographing and analyzing the habitat environment of the related aigrette. The plant characteristics are mainly counted in each block by an observation and statistics method, and particularly concern the conditions of aquatic plants, local tree species, production plants and invasive plants.
Bird paradise habitat health evaluation factor analysis
Hydrological feature analysis
And measuring the water depth according to the positions of the measuring points, sampling, and detecting the color, the smell, the turbidity, the PH and the COD of the sample. As shown in FIG. 6, pH and COD used therein were a PHS-3C pH meter (a in FIG. 6) and an XJ-I type COD digestion instrument (b in FIG. 6) and a data microcomputer COD multi-parameter water quality rapid-determination meter (C in FIG. 6). And comparing the detection result with the standard to obtain the water quality grade of the bird paradise wetland park is the high grade III.
Soil characteristic analysis
The soil in the region of the small bird paradise is mainly red soil, less artificial soil is carried, and the soil environment is favorable for the survival and growth of banyans living on birds such as a night aigrette, a pool aigrette, a cattle aigrette, a small aigrette and the like. The soil sampling of the investigation is carried out according to the sample soil taken near the lapel bank of the overland route and analyzed, and the actual measurement data of the soil in the bird paradise wetland park shown in the table 2 is obtained as shown in fig. 7.
TABLE 2 actual measurement data of bird paradise park soil
Figure BDA0002216301260000151
The study of the data and the research and the measurement show that the content of organic matters in the soil in the bird paradise wetland park is within the range of 10-15g/kg, and the water permeability belongs to a medium level.
Animal characterization
Since animals in the small bird paradise wetland park are mainly aigrette, only aigrette is observed and evaluated in the study of animals. As a result of on-site investigation of aigrette in the small bird paradise, it was found that 96 kinds of birds were shared in the small bird paradise, accounting for 61.9% of the number of the pearl triangle birds, belonging to 14 mesh, 34 family and 68 genus, and among them, non-bird-like birds were mainly used. The reserved birds account for 51.04% of the total number of the birds, which indicates that the regional climate conditions and environmental characteristics are suitable for the breeding and inhabitation of the birds. Non-sparrow-shaped birds (accounting for 57.3%) mainly comprise 3 waterfowls of aigregatae birds and plover birds, wherein 6 kinds of swimming birds and 29 kinds of wadding birds are adopted, and the community structure accords with the characteristics of a wetland ecosystem.
Plant characteristic analysis
Artificial vegetation is mainly used in wetland parks, and the research on species of birds and auditoria plants shows that the types of higher plants are 67 in total, and the coverage rate reaches 52.38%. In the area of the Yangtze delta, the diversity of higher plants is 10.7%. The aquatic plants are more in variety, but are sparsely distributed on the whole, the coverage rate is lower, and the coverage rate is about 13.69% counted from a satellite map.
Bird paradise health evaluation result analysis
Based on the on-site investigation and judgment of bird paradise evaluation indexes, with reference to established index evaluation standards, scores of 5-0 are respectively given according to health, sub-health, frailty, disease and badness, and the standardized evaluation scores of each index and criterion layer are shown in fig. 8-9.
And weighting the scores of the indexes of the index layers corresponding to the indexes of each criterion layer, and averaging and calculating to obtain 3.245 of the overall health score of the bird paradise habitat, wherein the overall health score belongs to the level of sub-health.
The evaluation result shows that in the evaluation of the health of the wetland habitat of the bird paradise, the animal characteristic score of 3.73 is more in line with the health standard of the wetland park habitat, but indexes in plant characteristics have certain problems, and the evaluation score is only 2.75 and is in a fragile stage. From FIG. 9, the restriction factors are mainly the aquatic plant coverage, plant diversity, invasive species.
According to the invention, the health evaluation index hierarchical structure model is utilized to evaluate the state of the habitat of the bird paradise wetland park, the defects can be visually seen according to the score of each evaluation index in the evaluation result, and the specific object of the design or management level can be reflected in a targeted manner according to the defects, so that a corresponding management strategy is provided for the habitat health problem of the bird paradise.
Wetland park habitat design optimization strategy based on health evaluation
And (3) taking the general rule of 'protection priority, scientific restoration, reasonable utilization and continuous development' in the national wetland park management standard as a rule, and making a targeted design optimization suggestion on the related indexes with lower scores in the evaluation result. And the characteristics of the bird paradise are combined, and design optimization is carried out on the water body characteristics, the soil characteristics, the animal characteristics and the plant characteristics of the wetland park habitat. The health management and control strategy of the bird paradise wetland park habitat is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 bird paradise wetland park habitat health management and control strategy
Figure BDA0002216301260000171
The water habitat construction optimization mainly aims at the problems of potential safety hazards and the like caused by the fact that the eutrophication degree and the water level score of the current index layer water are low, the water level control is provided to enhance the self safety function and the hydrological regulation function, and a water supplementing system of the bird hall is added. Because the covering degree of the aquatic plants and the diversity index score of the plants are far lower than the average value, the ornamental plants and the ecological plants are selected in a targeted manner by considering the characteristics of different types of functional areas in the garden. The bird paradise soil has good properties, is suitable for the growth of local native tree species, and can consider optimizing farmland which is brought into the range in the future and reserving planting design of banana trees and fruit trees. The surrounding noise score in the evaluation result is 1, the bird is in a disease state, and the bird can be protected by changing the route of the pleasure boat and avoiding surrounding a core protection area by considering that the noise of the bird comes from propellers and human activities. Therefore, the method is oriented to wetland park planning design and management personnel, has the characteristics of easy operation and practical popularization, can guide the wetland park habitat to recover, effectively solves the problem in the wetland park habitat health evaluation, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for evaluating the health state of wetland park habitats is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting basic characteristic parameters of the wetland park, obtaining the degradation condition of the wetland park habitat, and formulating a recovery target of the wetland park according to the degradation condition;
selecting indexes of the wetland park habitat health evaluation by adopting a frequency statistical method, and constructing a three-layer structure model comprising a target layer, a criterion layer and an index layer according to the indexes;
deducing the weight values of the criterion layer indexes and the index layer indexes based on the basic characteristic parameters, establishing evaluation criteria of the wetland park habitat based on the basic characteristic parameters and a recovery target, and grading the index layer indexes;
obtaining a field monitoring evaluation score of the index of the wetland park index layer based on the evaluation standard, obtaining an evaluation score of the criterion layer according to the field monitoring evaluation score, and obtaining a comprehensive evaluation score of the health of the wetland park habitat based on the evaluation score of the criterion layer;
and providing an optimization strategy for the habitat health of the wetland park from the aspect of the standard layer indexes of the wetland park habitat health evaluation on the basis of the wetland park habitat health comprehensive evaluation score.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the basic characteristic parameters include hydrology, water quality, soil, animal and plant diversity, and landscape characteristic data.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the criterion layer B characterizes a major level of wetland park habitat health, reflecting in different aspects the health level of wetland park habitat, the criteria layer B indicators comprising water body characteristics B1, soil characteristics B2, animal characteristics B3 and plant characteristics B4; the index layer C is the most basic hierarchical structure and directly reflects the health state of the wetland park habitat, and indexes of the index layer C comprise water quality C1, water depth C2, water level C3, flow rate C4, water salinity change rate C5, water eutrophication degree C6, soil property C7, soil water permeability C8, peripheral noise quality C9, bird species C10, bird habitat condition C11, aquatic plant proportion C12, native plant proportion C13, plant diversity C14 and invasive species C15.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the deriving the index weight values of the criterion layer and the index layer based on the basic feature parameter specifically comprises: the weight value of the index layer is equal, and the weight value of the index layer is the average value of the weight value of the upper level relative to the quantity of the indexes of all levels in the index layer.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said grading comprises five grades "healthy, sub-healthy, fragile, sick and bad".
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the evaluation criteria of the wetland park habitat are:
Figure FDA0002216301250000021
Figure FDA0002216301250000031
7. the method of claim 6, wherein the criteria-level rating score is obtained by:
① calculating the evaluation score of the water body characteristic layer:
GCi＝GNCi×WCi(i＝1，2，3，4，5，6)
Figure FDA0002216301250000032
wherein G is the evaluation score of the water body characteristic index; gCiThe standard evaluation score of the water body characteristic index Ci is obtained; GNCiIs the field monitoring evaluation score of the water body characteristic index Ci, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB1Weight of water body characteristic B1;
② evaluation score calculation of soil characteristic layer:
FCi＝FNCi×WCi(i＝7，8)
Figure FDA0002216301250000033
wherein F is the evaluation score of the soil characteristic index; fCiThe standard evaluation score of the soil characteristic index Ci is obtained; FN (FN)CiIs the field monitoring evaluation score of the soil characteristic index Ci, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB2Weight for soil characteristic B2;
③ evaluation score calculation for animal feature layer:
ECi＝ENCi×WCi(i＝9，10，11)
Figure FDA0002216301250000034
wherein E is the evaluation score of the animal characteristic index; eCiA standardized evaluation score for the animal characteristic index Ci; ENCiScore for on-site monitoring evaluation of animal characteristic index Ci, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB3Weight for animal feature B3;
④ evaluation score calculation of plant characteristic layer:
KCi＝KNCi×WCi(i＝12，13，14，15)
Figure FDA0002216301250000041
wherein K is the evaluation score of the plant characteristic index; kCiThe standardized evaluation score of the plant characteristic index Ci is obtained; KNCiThe field monitoring evaluation score of the plant characteristic index Ci, WCiIs the weight of the index Ci, WB4Is the weight of the plant characteristic B4.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the overall evaluation score for the wetland park habitat health evaluation is calculated as follows:
P＝(G+F+E+K)/4
wherein P is the comprehensive score of the wetland park habitat health evaluation; wherein 0-1 is classified into adverse state, 1-2 is classified into disease state, 2-3 is classified into fragile state, 3-4 is classified into sub-health state, and 4-5 is classified into health state.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111461550A (en) * 2020-04-01 2020-07-28 中国水利水电科学研究院 Suitability evaluation method for river-substituted habitat protection
CN112903970A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-06-04 青海大学 Research method for succession process mechanism of alpine and cold marsh wetland in three river sources
CN113506043A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-10-15 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 Evaluation method for proper recovery range and grade division of riverside wetland
CN114372676A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-19 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 Method and device for calculating damage degree of wetland ecological space

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111461550A (en) * 2020-04-01 2020-07-28 中国水利水电科学研究院 Suitability evaluation method for river-substituted habitat protection
CN112903970A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-06-04 青海大学 Research method for succession process mechanism of alpine and cold marsh wetland in three river sources
CN112903970B (en) * 2021-01-28 2022-02-11 青海大学 Research method for succession process mechanism of alpine and cold marsh wetland in three river sources
CN113506043A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-10-15 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 Evaluation method for proper recovery range and grade division of riverside wetland
CN114372676A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-19 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 Method and device for calculating damage degree of wetland ecological space

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