CN110705862A - Method for evaluating health state of wetland park habitat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for evaluating the health status of a wetland park habitat, which includes the collection of basic characteristic parameters of the wetland park, the establishment of a three-level structure model, the formulation of the wetland park habitat evaluation standard and the index grading of the index layer, according to the evaluation standards and On-site monitoring scores the wetland park habitat health status, and then obtains the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health, and obtains the optimization strategy of the wetland park habitat health according to the score. This method is aimed at the planning, design and management personnel of wetland parks. It is easy to operate and can be implemented on the ground. It can optimize the habitat status of wetland parks according to the evaluation results, guide the restoration of wetland park habitats, and effectively solve the problems in wetland park habitat health evaluation. This is conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of wetland parks.

Description

A method for evaluating the health status of wetland park habitats

technical field

The invention relates to the field of ecological protection of wetland parks, in particular to a method for evaluating the health status of wetland park habitats.

Background technique

The wetland park habitat is an important part of the wetland park ecosystem and the basis for the survival of the creatures in the wetland park. The positioning of the wetland park determines that the protection and construction of the habitat in the wetland park, and the introduction and disturbance of human behavior will coexist in the wetland park habitat for a long time. The existing patent studies on wetland health assessment mostly focus on large-scale river wetlands, lake wetlands and marine wetlands, and in the selection of evaluation methods, most of them choose the single-factor indicator method as the evaluation method to reflect the health status of wetland ecosystems . There are few studies on the health evaluation of wetland parks at the site scale, and the selection of evaluation methods and evaluation indicators has not comprehensively considered the complex socio-economic-natural ecosystem characteristics of wetland parks. The health of wetland park habitat is the core of the healthy and sustainable development of wetland park, so it is of practical significance to carry out health evaluation research on wetland park habitat.

With the rapid process of urbanization, the urban ecological environment has been greatly impacted, and the space suitable for animals in the city has gradually reduced. Under the background of healthy China and the construction of ecological civilization, the government's policy support for wetland environmental protection has become more and more obvious, and wetland parks relying on wetland resources have also ushered in a peak period of construction. However, with the increasingly significant human disturbance to wetlands, many wetland park habitats have exceeded their own bearing capacity and are facing threats such as reduction of wetland area and serious habitat destruction. Therefore, how to understand the health status of wetland park habitats and manage their health status to maintain a stable ecosystem of wetland parks is an important issue in the process of promoting wetland park construction and protection. It is also a sustainable and healthy wetland park. core issues of development.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for evaluating the health status of wetland park habitats. Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides at least the following technical solutions:

A method for evaluating the health status of a wetland park habitat, comprising the following steps:

Collect the basic characteristic parameters of the wetland park, obtain the degradation situation of the wetland park habitat, and formulate the restoration target of the wetland park according to the degradation situation;

The index of wetland park habitat health assessment is selected by frequency statistics method, and a three-level structure model including target layer, criterion layer and index layer is constructed according to the index;

The criterion layer index and the weight value of the index layer index are deduced based on the basic characteristic parameters, and the evaluation criteria for the wetland park habitat are formulated based on the basic characteristic parameters and restoration goals, and the index layer indicators are graded ;

Based on the evaluation criteria, the on-site monitoring and evaluation score of the index layer of the wetland park is obtained, the evaluation score of the criterion layer is obtained according to the on-site monitoring and evaluation score, and the evaluation score of the criterion layer is obtained based on the evaluation score of the criterion layer. The comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health;

Based on the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health, an optimization strategy is provided for the habitat health of the wetland park from the aspect of the criterion layer index of the wetland park habitat health evaluation.

Further, the basic characteristic parameters include hydrology, water quality, soil, animal and plant diversity, and landscape characteristic data.

Further, the criterion layer B represents the main level of the habitat health of the wetland park, and reflects the health level of the wetland park habitat from different aspects, and the indicators of the criterion layer B include water body characteristics B1, soil characteristics B2, animal characteristics B3 and plant characteristics. B4; the indicator layer C is the most basic hierarchical structure, which directly reflects the health status of the wetland park habitat. The indicators of the indicator layer C include water quality C1, water depth C2, water level C3, flow velocity C4, water salinity change rate C5, Water eutrophication degree C6, soil properties C7, soil water permeability C8, surrounding noise quality C9, bird species C10, bird habitat conditions C11, proportion of aquatic plants C12, proportion of native plants C13, plant diversity C14, invasive species C15.

Further, deriving the index weight value of the criterion layer and the index layer based on the basic characteristic parameter specifically includes: the weight value of the criterion layer index is equal, and the weight value of the index layer index is the upper one. The average value of the level weight value relative to the number of indicators at each level in the indicator layer.

Further, the classification includes five levels of "health, sub-health, frailty, disease and bad".

Further, the evaluation criteria for the wetland park habitat are:

Further, the criterion layer evaluation score is obtained by the following method:

①Calculation of evaluation score of water body characteristic layer:

G _Ci =GN _Ci ×W _Ci (i=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

Among them, G is the evaluation score of the water body characteristic index; G _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the water body characteristic index Ci; GN _Ci is the field monitoring and evaluation score of the water body characteristic index Ci, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B1 is the water body characteristic The weight of B1;

②Calculation of evaluation score of soil characteristic layer:

F _Ci =FN _Ci ×W _Ci (i=7, 8)

Among them, F is the evaluation score of the soil characteristic index; F _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the soil characteristic index Ci; FN _Ci is the field monitoring and evaluation score of the soil characteristic index Ci, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B2 is the soil characteristic The weight of B2;

③Calculation of evaluation score of animal feature layer:

E _Ci = EN _Ci × W _Ci (i=9, 10, 11)

Among them, E is the evaluation score of the animal characteristic index; E _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the animal characteristic index Ci; EN _Ci is the on-site monitoring and evaluation score of the animal characteristic index Ci, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B3 is the animal characteristic The weight of B3;

④Calculation of evaluation score of plant feature layer:

K _Ci =KN _Ci ×W _Ci (i=12, 13, 14, 15)

Among them, K is the evaluation score of the plant characteristic index; K _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the plant characteristic index Ci; KN _Ci is the field monitoring and evaluation score of the plant characteristic index Ci, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B4 is the plant characteristic The weight of B4.

Further, the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health evaluation is calculated as follows:

P=(G+F+E+K)/4

Among them, P is the comprehensive score of the wetland park habitat health evaluation; 0-1 is divided into bad state, 1-2 is divided into disease state, 2-3 is divided into fragile state, 3-4 is divided into sub-healthy state, 4-5 is divided into sub-healthy state. into health status.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention at least has the following beneficial effects:

The method for evaluating the health status of wetland park habitats provided by the present invention comprehensively considers the complex socio-economic-natural ecosystem characteristics of wetland parks from the aspects of water body, soil, animals and plants, and evaluates the health status of wetland park habitats. Moreover, this method provides an evaluation standard for evaluating wetland parks. When planning and designing wetland parks and managers face this method, they can easily judge the problems in wetland park habitat health evaluation based on the evaluation standards and guide wetland park habitat restoration. The method is easy to operate and highly implementable, and solves the lag in the assessment of wetland park habitat health in the prior art.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method based on the present invention for evaluating the habitat health status of wetland parks.

Figure 2 is a structural model diagram of the wetland park habitat health assessment of the present invention. A Hierarchical Structure Model of Wetland Park Habitat Health Assessment

FIG. 3 is a diagram of on-site investigation of the hydrology of the Little Bird Paradise Wetland Park in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a recording diagram of water samples in the Bird Paradise Wetland Park in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of soil field survey and sampling measurement in Little Bird Paradise Wetland Park in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a water quality monitor of the Little Bird Paradise Wetland Park in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the soil sampling point of the Bird Paradise Wetland Park in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is the health score of the evaluation of the standard layer of the Little Bird Paradise Wetland Park in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is the standardized evaluation score of each index of the index layer of the Little Bird Paradise Wetland Park in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below.

A flowchart of a method based on evaluating the health status of wetland park habitats of the present invention is shown in Figure 1, which includes the following steps:

Step 1: Collect the basic characteristic parameters of the wetland park, obtain the degradation situation of the wetland park habitat according to the basic characteristic parameters, and formulate the restoration target of the wetland park according to the degradation situation.

The collection of basic characteristic parameters of wetland parks refers to the collection and on-site observation of data on hydrology, water quality, soil, animal, plant diversity and landscape characteristics of wetland park habitats, and to understand the degradation status of wetland park habitats based on the collected data. According to the degradation status of the wetland park habitat, the restoration objectives of the wetland park habitat in terms of water body characteristics, soil characteristics, animal characteristics and plant characteristics are formulated, and the establishment of the restoration objectives reflects the social function demand and technical feasibility of the wetland park.

Step 2: Select the index of the wetland park habitat health assessment by using the frequency statistics method, and build a three-level structure model including the target layer, the criterion layer and the index layer according to the index.

The frequency statistics method is a well-known method. The frequency statistics method is used to select the documents related to the wetland park habitat health assessment and the number of citations is more than 5, and the use frequency analysis of the evaluation indicators used in the literature is carried out, and the screening frequency is greater than 30%. Establish a candidate index database, and conduct further screening according to the principles of scientificity, integrity and operability in the selection of wetland park habitat health evaluation indicators, and finally determine the indicators of the indicator layer.

As shown in Figure 2, the structure model of wetland park habitat health assessment is divided into three layers, namely target layer A, criterion layer B and index layer C, among which: target layer A is the highest level of the hierarchy, reflecting the habitat health status of wetland parks comprehensive evaluation index. Criterion layer B is the main layer representing the habitat health of wetland parks, reflecting the health level of wetland park habitats from different aspects, including indicators: water body characteristics B1, soil characteristics B2, animal characteristics B3, and plant characteristics B4. Indicator layer C is the most basic hierarchical structure, including indicators C1-C15, which can directly reflect the health status of wetland park habitats.

Among them, the criterion layer index water body characteristics B1 includes six index layer indexes: water quality C1, water depth C2, water level C3, water flow rate C4, water salinity change rate C5, water eutrophication degree C6,; criterion layer index soil Feature B2 includes two index layer indicators: soil properties C7, soil water permeability C8; criterion layer index Animal feature B3 includes three index layer indicators: surrounding noise quality C9, bird species C10, bird habitat environment C11; criterion layer The indicator plant feature B4 includes the proportion of aquatic plants in the four index layers (C12), the proportion of native plants (C13), the number of invasive species (C14), and the plant diversity (C15).

The detailed description of the indicators of each indicator layer is as follows:

C1 Water quality: evaluate the hydrology of the wetland system from the level of quality, mainly based on the measurement of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD and other elements, and finally get the water quality grade.

C2 water depth: water depth is the main factor that constitutes the wetland environment, which reflects the wetland water storage capacity and plant growth environment to a certain extent. The water level and water depth in the area where the wetland park is located are easily disturbed by natural factors such as rainfall, sea water and typhoons. Therefore, the highest water level and duration should be paid attention to when measuring the water depth conditions.

C3 water level: Wetland water level gradient and water level fluctuation are one of the typical disturbance characteristics of wetlands. Water levels can often affect wetlands by disturbing plant habitats and ecological security. Expressed in water height.

C4 flow rate: The water flow rate is an important characteristic of the water body in the park, which can affect the distribution of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), chlorophyll a concentration, pH, and dissolved oxygen in the water body. It is a key indicator of the nature of water bodies.

Change rate of salinity of C5 water: The salinity concentration of water affects the wetland habitat at the junction of brackish and fresh water in the wetland park, and the change of salinity directly affects the plants and animals that grow in this habitat type.

C6 degree of water eutrophication: water eutrophication is a manifestation of water pollution, and water transparency can make a preliminary judgment on the degree of water eutrophication.

C7 soil properties: It is considered from the soil organic matter content, salinity content and other indicators, combined with soil type division to measure, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research.

C8 Soil water permeability: The infiltration and absorption capacity of soil to surface runoff and precipitation. The level of the index can represent the hydrological situation and the quality of the plant living environment.

C9 Surrounding noise quality: The research mainly focuses on the impact of noise on birds, including on-the-spot measurement of noise decibels from noise sources in each zone (including noise from surrounding residential areas, tourist noise, and cruise ship engine noise, etc.), and quantitative descriptions based on national noise requirements.

C10 Bird species: Birds are the main animals in the wetland park. The number of birds can reflect the ecological health of the wetland park. It is quantified by the ratio of the number of bird species in the wetland park to the number of bird species in the area where the wetland park is located. describe.

C11 Bird habitat conditions: Good bird habitat conditions can attract more birds and increase bird diversity. According to the landscape composition of the habitat, its excellent condition can be described qualitatively and quantitatively according to the area and degradation rate.

The proportion of C12 aquatic plants: Wetland aquatic plants include moisture-tolerant plants, emerging plants, floating plants, submerged plants and floating plants. Ecology and landscape construction bring benefits to wetland parks, and the research on it can take a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.

C13 Proportion of native tree species: zonal plants, which can best reflect the vegetation characteristics of the site and have ecological performance. Its coverage ratio can reflect the health status of the wetland park, which can be quantitatively described and expressed as a percentage.

C14 Plant diversity: It can indicate the stability of wetland ecosystem. It is measured by the percentage of plant species in the wetland park to the number of plant species in its area.

C15 Types of invasive species: The species of alien species can represent the degree of invasion of alien species in wetlands to a certain extent.

Step 3. Directly deduce the criterion layer index and the weight value of the index layer index based on the basic characteristic parameters, and formulate the evaluation criteria for the wetland park habitat and the indicators based on the basic characteristic parameters and restoration goals. Tier Metrics for Grading

(1) Determine the index weight value of the index layer

According to the survey data of basic characteristic parameters obtained from the long-term monitoring of wetland parks (2010-2016), the weight values of the core evaluation indicators obtained by direct deduction method can be assigned as equivalent values. That is, the weight of B1 water body feature W _B1 , the weight of B2 soil feature W _B2 , the weight of B3 animal feature W _B3 , and the weight of B4 plant feature W _B4 are all assigned as 1.

The weight value of an indicator in the indicator layer is the average value of the weight value of the previous level relative to the number of indicators at all levels in the indicator layer. That is, the weights of water quality C1, water depth C2, water level C3, water flow rate C4, water salinity change rate C5, and water eutrophication degree C6 in the index layer relative to the water body feature B1 in the criterion layer are W _C1 , W _C2 , W _C3 , W _C4 , W _C5 , and W _C6 , all of which have a weight value of 1/6. The weights of soil properties C7 and soil permeability C8 of the index layer relative to the soil characteristics B2 of the criterion layer are W _C7 and W _C8 respectively, and their weight values are both 1/2. The weights of the surrounding noise quality C9, bird species C10, and bird habitat condition C11 in the index layer relative to the animal feature B3 in the criterion layer are W _C9 , W _C10 , and W _C11 respectively, and their weight values are all 1/3. The weights of aquatic plant proportion C12, native plant proportion C13, plant diversity C14, and invasive species C15 in the index layer relative to the plant feature B4 in the criterion layer are W _C12 , W _C13 , W _C14 , and W _C15 , respectively, and their weight values are 1/4.

(2) To formulate the evaluation standards and classification of the indicators of the wetland park habitat indicator layer

The grading of the evaluation criteria for the indicators of the indicator layer is based on the gap between the status quo of the wetland park habitat and the restoration goals, and at the same time referring to the evaluation criteria for rivers, lakes and wetland ecosystems. Grades are assigned a score of 5-0, respectively.

The formulation of the evaluation criteria for the indicators at the index level mainly refers to the following points:

① Determined according to national standards and industry norms, such as surface water environmental quality standards (GB3838-2002), industry standards of the People's Republic of China-soil erosion classification and classification standards (SL190-2007), etc.; ② Refer to relevant domestic and foreign research to find The evaluation basis with a high degree of recognition; ③ Based on the historical background of the area where the wetland park is located, it is determined by consulting local historical data such as hydrological data.

Table 1 Evaluation criteria for indicators of habitat health indicators in wetland parks

According to the evaluation standard, the standardized evaluation score of the index level index can be obtained.

Step 4: Obtain the on-site monitoring and evaluation score of the indicator layer of the wetland park based on the evaluation standard, obtain the evaluation score of the criterion layer according to the on-site monitoring and evaluation score, and obtain the evaluation score of the criterion layer based on the evaluation score of the criterion layer. value to obtain the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health.

(1) Conduct on-site monitoring of the evaluation indicators of water body characteristics, soil characteristics, animal characteristics, and plant characteristics of wetland park habitats, and refer to the established index evaluation standards (Table 1) to obtain the evaluation values of the index layer indicators. The specific calculation steps are as follows:

①Calculation of evaluation score of water body characteristic layer:

G _Ci =GN _Ci ×W _Ci (i=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

Among them, G is the evaluation score of the water body characteristic index; G _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the water body characteristic index; GN _Ci is the field monitoring evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the water body characteristic index, W _Ci is The weight of the index Ci, W _B1 is the weight of the water feature B1.

②Calculation of evaluation score of soil characteristic layer:

F _Ci =FN _Ci ×W _Ci (i=7, 8)

Among them, F is the evaluation score of the index layer index corresponding to the soil characteristic index; F _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the soil characteristic index; FN _Ci is the field monitoring evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the soil characteristic index value, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B2 is the weight of the soil feature B2.

③Calculation of evaluation score of animal feature layer:

E _Ci = EN _Ci × W _Ci (i=9, 10, 11)

Among them, E is the evaluation score of the index layer index corresponding to the animal characteristic index; E _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the animal characteristic index; EN _Ci is the on-site monitoring evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the animal characteristic index value, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B3 is the weight of the animal feature B3.

④Calculation of evaluation score of plant feature layer:

K _Ci =KN _Ci ×W _Ci (i=12, 13, 14, 15)

In the formula: K is the evaluation score of the index layer index corresponding to the plant characteristic index; K _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the plant characteristic index; GN _C1 is the field monitoring and evaluation of the index layer index Ci corresponding to the plant characteristic index Score, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B4 is the weight of the plant feature B4.

(2) After adding up the evaluation scores of the index layer indicators corresponding to each criterion layer index, take the mean value to obtain the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health evaluation.

P=(G+F+E+K)/4

The comprehensive score of wetland park habitat health evaluation from 0 to 5 is divided into five grades: healthy, sub-healthy, fragile, diseased and bad. Among them, 0-1 is divided into bad state, 1-2 is divided into disease state, 2-3 is divided into fragile state, 3-4 is divided into sub-health state, and 4-5 is divided into healthy state.

Step 5: Based on the comprehensive evaluation score of wetland park habitat health, propose targeted optimization strategies for wetland park habitat health status from the aspects of water body characteristics, soil characteristics, animal characteristics, and plant characteristics index layers.

Next, taking the Guangdong Xinhui Bird Paradise National Wetland Park as an example, a method of the present invention for evaluating the habitat health status of a wetland park will be described in more detail.

Through the collection and on-site observation of the data on the hydrology, water quality, soil, animal and plant diversity and landscape characteristics of the habitat of the Bird Paradise National Wetland Park, we can understand the degradation status of the wetland park habitat.

According to the degradation status of the wetland park habitat, formulate the restoration objectives of the wetland park habitat in terms of water body characteristics, soil characteristics, biological characteristics and plant characteristics. The establishment of the restoration objectives reflects the social function demand, economic support and technical feasibility of the wetland park.

The frequency statistics method was used to take the core indicators of habitat health evaluation of Bird Paradise Wetland Park, and a three-level hierarchical structure model of wetland park habitat health evaluation indicators was constructed.

The hierarchical structure model of the wetland park habitat health assessment is divided into three levels, namely the target layer A, the criterion layer B and the index layer C, among which: the target layer A is the highest level of the hierarchical structure, reflecting the comprehensive status of the wetland park habitat health status. evaluation index. Criterion layer B is the main layer representing the habitat health of wetland parks, reflecting the health level of wetland park habitats from different aspects, including water body characteristics B1, soil characteristics B2, animal characteristics B3, and plant characteristics B4. Indicator layer C is the most basic hierarchical structure, including C1-C15, which can directly reflect the health status of wetland park habitat.

According to the long-term data monitoring of Bird Paradise Wetland Park, the data deduces that the weights of the criteria layer indicators of water body characteristics B1, soil characteristics B2, animal characteristics B3, and plant characteristics B4 can be assigned a mean value of 1.0, and the weight value of the index layer can be calculated. It is the average value of the weight value of the previous level relative to the number of each level. At the same time, based on relevant normative documents and historical data statistics of Bird Paradise Wetland Park, the evaluation indicators are graded and standardized, and the wetland park habitat health evaluation standards are formulated.

Collect basic data and field measurements of Bird Paradise National Wetland Park.

The main tours in the Bird Paradise National Wetland Park are walking and boating. According to the divisions in the park and the surrounding environment, 5 and 11 measuring points were set up in 2015 and 2016 respectively for horizontal and vertical comparison. The latter To supplement the research for the former comparison and lay the foundation for health evaluation, the data used in this evaluation is the data obtained in 2016. The research time is from 8:00 in the morning to 14:00 in the afternoon.

On-site investigation: According to the cruise route, on-site measurements of water depth, water level, and flow velocity are performed on the measuring points, as shown in Figure 3, and water quality measurement and water salinity measurement by sampling are shown in Figure 4. The water samples were taken back to the site for precipitation observation, ph and COD content detection, and 11 measuring points A, B, D, E, F1, G, H, I am, I pm, F2 am, F2 pm were taken on site.

Soil elements are identified by field observation and instrument measurement to identify soil types and various physical and chemical properties, as shown in Figure 5 for soil field survey and sampling measurement.

In terms of animal characteristics, the research is mainly on birds, combined with relevant literature and on-site observation statistics on the bird-watching building, and photographed and analyzed the habitat environment of related egrets. Plant characteristics are mainly based on observational statistics, and statistics are carried out in each area, with special attention to the situation of aquatic plants, native tree species, productive plants and invasive plants.

Analysis of elements of health evaluation of bird paradise habitat

Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics

Measure the water depth according to the position of the measuring point, take samples and test the color, odor, turbidity, PH and COD of the sample. As shown in Figure 6, the pH and COD are PHS-3C pH meter (a in Figure 6) and XJ-I COD digester (b in Figure 6) and data microcomputer COD multi-parameter water quality rapid verification meter (c in Figure 6). Comparing the test results with the standard, the water quality level of Bird Paradise Wetland Park is excellent grade III.

Soil Characterization

The soil in the area where Bird Paradise is located is mainly red soil, and there is less artificial soil for transportation. The soil environment is conducive to the survival and growth of banyan trees such as night herons, pond herons, cattle egrets and little egrets. The soil sampling of this investigation is based on the sample soil taken near the revetment on the land route and analyzed, as shown in Figure 7, to obtain the soil measurement data of the Little Bird Paradise Wetland Park in Table 2.

Table 2 Measured soil data of Little Bird Paradise Field Park

Sophisticated data and research measurements show that the soil organic matter content in Bird Paradise Wetland Park is in the range of 10-15g/kg, and the water permeability is at a medium level.

Analysis of animal characteristics

The animals in Bird Paradise Wetland Park are mainly egrets, so in animal research, only the egrets are observed and evaluated. As an important part of the migratory route of migratory birds in the east, through the field investigation of herons in the bird paradise, the results show that there are 96 species of birds in the bird paradise, accounting for 61.9% of the bird species in the Pearl River Delta, belonging to 14 order, 34 families, and 68 genera, among which non-passerine birds are the main ones. Resident birds accounted for 51.04% of the total species, indicating that the regional climatic conditions and environmental characteristics were suitable for the breeding and habitation of birds. The majority of non-passerine birds (57.3%) were 3 species of egrets and shorebirds, including 6 species of swimming birds and 29 species of waders. The community structure conformed to the characteristics of wetland ecosystems.

Analysis of plant characteristics

The wetland park is dominated by artificial vegetation. Through the investigation of bird paradise plant species, statistics show that there are 67 species of higher plants, with a coverage rate of 52.38%. In the Pearl River Delta region, its higher plant diversity is 10.7%. There are many kinds of aquatic plants, but the distribution is relatively sparse in general, and the coverage rate is low. The coverage rate is about 13.69% according to the statistics of the satellite map.

Analysis of the results of health evaluation of bird paradise

Based on the field research and judgment on the evaluation index of Bird Paradise, referring to the established index evaluation standards, the scores are assigned a score of 5-0 according to health, sub-health, frailty, disease and bad, respectively, and the results of each index and criterion layer are obtained. The standardized evaluation scores are shown in Figure 8-9.

By weighting the scores of the index layer indicators corresponding to each criterion layer index, and calculating the average, the overall health score of the bird's paradise habitat is 3.245, which belongs to the sub-health level.

The evaluation results show that in the evaluation of the habitat health of Bird Paradise wetland, its animal characteristics score of 3.73 is more in line with the wetland park habitat health standards, but there are certain problems in the indicators of plant characteristics, and the evaluation score is only 2.75, which is in a fragile stage. As can be seen from Figure 9, the main constraints are the coverage of aquatic plants, plant diversity, and invasive species.

The invention uses the health evaluation index hierarchical structure model to evaluate the habitat of the Bird Paradise Wetland Park. According to the score of each evaluation index in the evaluation result, the deficiencies can be seen intuitively, and can be reflected in a targeted manner accordingly. Specific objects at the design or management level, and put forward corresponding management strategies for the habitat health problems of Bird Paradise.

Optimization strategy of wetland park habitat design based on health evaluation

Taking "protection first, scientific restoration, rational utilization, and sustainable development" in the national wetland park management specification as the general principle, targeted design optimization suggestions are made for the relevant indicators with low scores in the evaluation results. Combined with the characteristics of Bird Paradise itself, the design and optimization are carried out from the four aspects of water body characteristics, soil characteristics, animal characteristics and plant characteristics of the wetland park habitat. The habitat health management and regulation strategies of Bird Paradise Wetland Park are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Regulation strategies for habitat health management in Little Bird Paradise Wetland Park

The optimization of water habitat creation is mainly aimed at the eutrophication degree of water in the index layer and the potential safety hazards caused by low water level scores. It is proposed to control the water level to enhance its own safety function, hydrological adjustment function, and increase the water replenishment system of Bird Paradise. As the coverage of aquatic plants and the scores of plant diversity indicators are far lower than the average value, the selection of ornamental plants and ecological plants should be considered according to the characteristics of different types of functional areas in the park. Bird Paradise has good soil properties and is suitable for the growth of local native tree species. Consideration can be given to optimizing the farmland that will be included in the scope in the future, and the planting design of retaining banana trees and fruit trees. In the evaluation results, the surrounding noise has a score of 1, and it is in a state of disease. Considering that the noise comes from propellers and human activities, birds can be protected by changing the cruise route and avoiding surrounding the core protected area. It can be seen that the method of the present invention is oriented to the planning, design and management personnel of the wetland park, has the characteristics of easy operation and can be implemented and promoted, can guide the restoration of the wetland park habitat, effectively solve the problems in the health evaluation of the wetland park habitat, and is conducive to environmental protection.

The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, The simplification should be equivalent replacement manners, which are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a method for evaluating the health status of wetland park habitat, is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps: Collect the basic characteristic parameters of the wetland park, obtain the degradation situation of the wetland park habitat, and formulate the restoration target of the wetland park according to the degradation situation; The index of wetland park habitat health assessment is selected by frequency statistics method, and a three-level structure model including target layer, criterion layer and index layer is constructed according to the index; The criterion layer index and the weight value of the index layer index are deduced based on the basic characteristic parameters, and the evaluation criteria for the wetland park habitat are formulated based on the basic characteristic parameters and restoration goals, and the index layer indicators are graded ; Based on the evaluation criteria, the on-site monitoring and evaluation score of the index layer of the wetland park is obtained, the evaluation score of the criterion layer is obtained according to the on-site monitoring and evaluation score, and the evaluation score of the criterion layer is obtained based on the evaluation score of the criterion layer. The comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health; Based on the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health, an optimization strategy is provided for the habitat health of the wetland park from the aspect of the criterion layer index of the wetland park habitat health evaluation. 2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the basic characteristic parameters include hydrology, water quality, soil, animal and plant diversity, and landscape characteristic data. 3 . 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the criterion layer B represents the main level of the wetland park habitat health, and reflects the health level of the wetland park habitat from different aspects, and the index of the criterion layer B includes: Water body characteristics B1, soil characteristics B2, animal characteristics B3 and plant characteristics B4; the index layer C is the most basic hierarchical structure, which directly reflects the health status of the wetland park habitat. The indicators of the index layer C include water quality C1, water depth C2, Water level C3, flow velocity C4, water salinity change rate C5, water eutrophication degree C6, soil properties C7, soil water permeability C8, surrounding noise quality C9, bird species C10, bird habitat conditions C11, proportion of aquatic plants C12, proportion of native plants C13, plant diversity C14, invasive species C15. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the deriving the index weight value of the criterion layer and the index layer based on the basic characteristic parameter specifically comprises: the weight value of the criterion layer index are equivalent, and the weight value of the index layer index is the average value of the upper-level weight value relative to the number of indicators at all levels in the index layer. 5 . The method according to claim 4 , wherein the classification includes five grades of “health, sub-health, frailty, disease and bad”. 6 . 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the evaluation criterion of the wetland park habitat is:

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the criterion layer evaluation score is obtained by the following method: ①Calculation of evaluation score of water body characteristic layer: G _Ci =GN _Ci ×W _Ci (i=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

Among them, G is the evaluation score of the water body characteristic index; G _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the water body characteristic index Ci; GN _Ci is the field monitoring and evaluation score of the water body characteristic index Ci, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B1 is the water body characteristic The weight of B1; ②Calculation of evaluation score of soil characteristic layer: F _Ci =FN _Ci ×W _Ci (i=7, 8)

Among them, F is the evaluation score of the soil characteristic index; F _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the soil characteristic index Ci; FN _Ci is the field monitoring and evaluation score of the soil characteristic index Ci, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B2 is the soil characteristic The weight of B2; ③Calculation of evaluation score of animal feature layer: E _Ci = EN _Ci × W _Ci (i=9, 10, 11)

Among them, E is the evaluation score of the animal characteristic index; E _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the animal characteristic index Ci; EN _Ci is the on-site monitoring and evaluation score of the animal characteristic index Ci, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B3 is the animal characteristic The weight of B3; ④Calculation of evaluation score of plant feature layer: K _Ci =KN _Ci ×W _Ci (i=12, 13, 14, 15)

Among them, K is the evaluation score of the plant characteristic index; K _Ci is the standardized evaluation score of the plant characteristic index Ci; KN _Ci is the field monitoring and evaluation score of the plant characteristic index Ci, W _Ci is the weight of the index Ci, and W _B4 is the plant characteristic The weight of B4. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the comprehensive evaluation score of the wetland park habitat health evaluation is calculated as follows: P=(G+F+E+K)/4 Among them, P is the comprehensive score of the wetland park habitat health evaluation; 0-1 is for bad state, 1-2 is for disease state, 2-3 is for fragile state, 3-4 is for sub-health state, 4-5 is for sub-health state into health status.

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