CN110245882A - A kind of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model and health assessment method - Google Patents
A kind of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model and health assessment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model, and health assessment model isH is Forest Health index in formula, indicates the comprehensive evaluation value of health status, BjValue after indicating j-th of indices non-dimension, WjIndicate total weight order value of j-th of index, n is index sum；Each index includes stocking per unit area, Canopy densities, natural regeneration, tree growth gesture, structure of community, woods layer structure, Tree Structure, DBH structure, forest disease and pest, forest fire, understory species cover degree, species diversity, Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number, forest naturalness, forested land vegetation, Litter-fall thickness.The health assessment indicators system and health assessment model of present invention building Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests; and Jiangxi Province's Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests are evaluated; according to evaluation result, proposes the main countermeasure for promoting health management, provide scientific basis for the protection and Sustainable Operation of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forest conservations and forest ecosystem health field, and in particular to a kind of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests are strong
Health evaluation model and health assessment method.
Background technique
The continuous forest inventory result afforestation rate of China the 8th time is 22.96%, forest reserves 89.79m3·
hm-2, and Global Forests coverage rate is 31%, forest reserves 131m3·hm-2.On the whole, China's Forest Resources total amount is opposite
It is insufficient, productivity is not high, forest total quality has to be hoisted, the development of China's forestry also faces huge pressure and challenge.
Natural Secondary Forests are after virgin forest is destroyed by artificial or natural factor, to restore by power of nature
A kind of forest to get up.Natural Secondary Forests are the chief components of wildwood, are providing the forestry products such as timber and are maintaining ecology
Balance, raising environmental quality etc. play an important role, and have managed Natural Secondary Forests to promotion China's Forest Resources matter
Amount and ecological safety are of great significance.Forest Health is the new concept of forest reserves management, and it is real for cultivating healthy forest
The effective way of existing forest sustainable management.However, arrive currently, Forest Health there are no clear clearly concept, different rings
Healthy requirement is different under the conditions of border, but generally healthy forest refers to that forest has preferable capacity of self-regulation, can be
Self-recovery and adjusting are carried out when by external interference, and function and structure tends to be relatively stable, bio-diversity and ecology are flat
Weighing, it is in a basic balance to be able to maintain that, and provides good forest service function, sufficiently, constantly plays its ecology, society, economic effect
Benefit.Forest health assessment indicators and standard as the major criterion of forest condition assessment and forest inventory control quality examination it
One, reasonable Operation Measures can be taken to provide technical foundation for forest management and administration person.
Phoebe bournei (Phoebe bournei) is Chinese endemic species, belongs to Lauraceae Phoebe, aiphyllium, subtropical zone broad leaf tree
Kind, it is distributed in the area below height above sea level 1000m such as Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi province more, is now country II
Grade Top-rated protected wild plants, belong to rare species of gradually endangering.Space structure, standing forest of many scholars in China to Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests
Structure, natural renovation, forest competition etc. possess some special knowledge, and about the selection of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment indicators,
The research of the building of appraisement system etc. is less.
Summary of the invention:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model and health assessment methods, to solve
The technical issues of lacking Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment indicators system and evaluation method in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model, the health assessment model areIn formula: H is
Forest Health index indicates the comprehensive evaluation value of health status, BjValue after indicating j-th of indices non-dimension, WjIndicate jth
Total weight order value of a index, n are index sum；Each index includes stocking per unit area, Canopy densities, day
Right update, tree growth gesture, structure of community, woods layer structure, Tree Structure, DBH structure, forest disease and pest, forest fire, woods
Lower vegetation cover degree, species diversity, Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number, forest naturalness, forested land vegetation, Litter-fall thickness.
Total weight order value W of each indexjCalculation formula be Wj=Wi·Wij, in formula: WiFor i system layer
Weighted value, WijFor the weighted value of the i-th system layer jth index.
Dimensionless processing is carried out using data of the equalization method to each index, and evaluation of different nature is referred to
Mark uses corresponding processing method, and the value after nondimensionalization is controlled between 0~1；The equalization processing is by the finger
Target actual value divided by setting a reference value.
The nondimensionalization processing of evaluation index of different nature includes: to be imitated using the upper limit when the index is positive index
Fruit is estimated: B=Sj/S0；When the index is reverse index, estimated using floor effect: B=S0/Sj；When the index is suitable
Index is spent, using center measure of merit: B=S when index actual value >=index moderate value0/Sj, the index actual value < moderate value of index
When B=Sj/S0, B is nondimensionalization value, S in formulajFor index actual value, S0On the basis of be worth.
The method that a kind of pair of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests carry out health assessment, using above-mentioned health assessment model to Phoebe bournei day
Right scondary forest carries out health assessment, comprising the following steps:
S1, it obtains achievement data: obtaining the Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests in study plot by study plot investigation and inspection information
The indices data of health assessment；
S2, data nondimensionalization: nothing is carried out using data of the equalization method to each index obtained in step S1
Dimensionization processing, the numerical value after obtaining nondimensionalization；
S3, overall merit: according to Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model, number obtained in the step S2 is utilized
Accordingly and total weight order value of each index of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests, the Phoebe bournei calculated in the step S1 Plays ground are natural
The Forest Health index of scondary forest；
The health assessment result of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests in S4, the statistics step S3.
When carrying out nondimensionalization processing in the step S2, a reference value of each target setting is respectively as follows: unit stock volume
Amount a reference value is 300m3·hm-2；The a reference value of Canopy densities is 0.7；Natural regeneration indexed basis value is 3；Tree growth gesture
A reference value is 4；Structure of community a reference value is 3；Unlined forest is assigned a value of 1, and irregular forest is assigned a value of 2, and woods layer structure a reference value is 2；Tree
Kind structure a reference value is 4；DBH structure relational expression is Xtd=Xtd- 1/q, the standing tree strain number of d diameter grade, q when X is t moment in formula
The a reference value of value is 1.5；Forest disease and pest a reference value is 4；Forest fire a reference value is 4；Understory species cover degree a reference value is
80%；Species diversity calculation formula isH is diversity indices, p in formulaiFor i-th kind of number of individuals
The ratio of all kinds of number of individuals is accounted for, n is species number, is worth on the basis of 3；Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number a reference value is 200 plants of hm-2；It is gloomy
Woods naturalness a reference value is 5；The higher a reference value of forested land vegetation is 5；Litter-fall thickness a reference value is 5cm.
Reactiveness, structural, stability and 4 class index of duration in the step S3 when overall merit, in system layer
Weight be followed successively by 0.4801,0.1346,0.1576 and 0.2277.
In the step S3 when overall merit, the weighted value of each index in system layer are as follows: stocking per unit area 0.4885,
Canopy densities 0.0961, natural regeneration 0.2401, tree growth gesture 0.1753；Structure of community 0.3835, woods layer structure
0.1474, Tree Structure 0.2243, DBH structure 0.2448；Forest disease and pest 0.3839, forest fire 0.2248, understory species
Cover degree 0.1295, species diversity 0.2618；Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number 0.2597, forest naturalness 0.2435, forested land vegetation
0.3262, Litter-fall thickness 0.1706.
The invention has the following advantages: constructing the health assessment indicators system of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests for the first time and being good for
Health evaluation model, and using Jiangxi Province's Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests as research object, it is guidance with Forest health theory, passes through study plot
Investigation, comprehensively considers the cultivation target of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests, is evaluated by constructed health assessment model it,
According to evaluation result, scientific basis can be provided for the protection of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests and the formulation of Sustainable Operation Measures.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment indicators system in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention presented below, to help the present invention is further understood.Those skilled in the art answer
It solves, the explanation of the embodiment of the present invention is merely exemplary, the scheme being not meant to limit the present invention.
The present embodiment with the domestic Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests in Jiangxi Province (by natural Phoebe bournei Forest after various interference spontaneous recovery
It is getting up, be distributed with Phoebe bournei and using its purpose species of trees as cultivation, no matter whether Phoebe bournei is dominant tree in existing standing forest
Be accordingly to be regarded as Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests) be research object, by study plot investigate obtain basic data, to Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests into
Row health assessment.
1, area's overview is studied
Jiangxi Province is located at southeast China, and geographical coordinate is 24 ° 29 ' 14 " N-30 ° 04 ' 41 " N, and 113 ° 34 ' 36 " E-118 °
28 ' 58 " Hubei Province, Anhui Province and total spreading are adjoined in the Zhejiang Province E, Dong Lin, Fujian Province, the Guangdong Province Nan Lian, the Hunan Province Xi Jie, north
River；The whole province's gross area is 16.69 × 104km2.Landforms are based on mountainous region and hills, and east, south, west are ringed on three sides by mountains, and middle part is relatively flat
Slow, valley plain is interspersed with hills, northern then be Poyanghu Plain.Weather belongs to the gentle property climatic province of subtropical zone monsoon, year
18.0 DEG C of temperature on average, mean annual precipitation 1675mm.The data of this programme acquire mainly in Jiujiang City, Shangrao City and Ji'an
City.
2, study plot setting and investigation
By consulting the data such as Jiangxi Province's forest governmance, rareness species generaI investigation and being seeked advice to forest department
Solution, has selected the counties and cities such as Anfu County, Suichuan County, Jinggangshan, Yushan County, Wuyuan County, Xiushui County, to its Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests
Distributed areas carry out on-site survey.On the basis of on-site survey, it is relatively light that human activity annoyance level is chosen between 2015~2018 years
And the plot setting study plot investigation that standing forest is representative in distributed areas.Study plot size is according to its topography and Fujian
Depending on the factors such as nanmu tree species distribution situation, sample area 400m2(20m × 20m) or 600m2(20m × 30m), totally 30.
Select representative region that shrub sample prescription (2m × 2m), draft sample prescription is respectively set in the upper, middle and lower of each study plot
(1m × 1m) and Litter-fall sample prescription (1m × 1m).Specific investigation is as follows:
(1) arborous layer is investigated.Every wooden dipping, in detail the record diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground >=2cm arbor are carried out to arbors all in study plot
Kind name, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree are high；The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground < 2cm belongs to treelet, seedling, records its tree species, ground diameter, tree height, hat width etc..
(2) shrub layer is investigated.Record standard shrub layer total cover-degree, investigate in each shrub sample prescription its type, quantity,
Cover degree etc..
(3) herbaceous layer is investigated.Record standard ground herbaceous layer total cover-degree investigates its type, quantity, lid in each draft sample prescription
Degree etc..
(4) Litter Layer is investigated.Record Litter-fall cover degree, the thickness etc. in each sample prescription.
(5) soil investigation.Chosen in study plot representative location take soil profile and record soil thickness,
Thickness of soil humus etc..
(6) other are investigated.Height above sea level and geographical location using GPS measurement study plot, record slope position, slope aspect, the gradient and strongly fragrant
Degree of closing etc..
3, the index system of Forest health assessment is constructed
3.1 main principles and index system content
The selection of forest health assessment indicators needs based on evaluation goal, according to the property in research area and requires to construct
Scientific and rational assessment indicator system.The quality of its index system establishment will directly affect the accuracy of evaluation result.Index sieve
Choosing should follow principle of whole, scale principle, operability principle, simplicity principle, directing principle, scientific original
Then.
The developing direction of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health is to improve its stability, reactiveness and anti-interference, that is, cultivates tool
There is the standing forest of higher bio-diversity and productivity, and keeps arborous layer, shrub layer and herbaceous layer structurally reasonable, canopy density and lid
The growth for being suitble to underground is spent, pest and disease damage degree is small, and anthropogenic disturbance is low.It can to the health assessment of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests
The evaluation such as level, standing forest Persistence tier is stablized to standing forest vigor level, stand structure level, standing forest to be decomposed into, from this 4 layers
It is secondary to set out, then specifically refine and choose corresponding evaluation index, construct health assessment system.
This programme first arranges the research of domestic and international related Forest health assessment when constructing health assessment system
Analysis, the frequency for taking frequency statistics method each index occur count, using the higher index of usage frequency as reference.It is whole
Reason analysis theme is the middle foreign language literature of Forest health assessment, and involved index is substantially sorted out, 10 classes can be divided into, respectively
It is: trees/tree crown vitality/vigor, bio-diversity, updating ability, stand structure complexity, productivity, injurious factor hair
Raw degree, soil quality, products & services, social factor, land occupation condition etc..
In conjunction with the characteristics of the intension of Forest Health and requirement, the regional feature for studying area, Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests, following
While the principles such as globality, scale, operability, simplicity and science, in conjunction with " Forest Health operation and ecosystem
System health assessment regulation " (2010), each index of frequency statistics is analyzed, is compared, tentatively evaluation index is taken
House, specifies the definition of each index of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment.On this basis use Experts consultation method, to index into
Row repeatedly adjustment, some important evaluation indexes are therefrom chosen retained, and increase some fingers that do not consider before
Mark, e.g., increases Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number index, shrub cover degree, draft cover degree is merged into understory species cover degree etc..
This programme carries out health assessment to Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and assessment indicator system frame is by 3
A level composition, is the implementation process of evaluation from bottom to top, is the control process of evaluation from top to bottom, and then completes research area Fujian
Nanmu Natural Secondary Forests forest health assessment indicators system construction, referring to figure 1.
Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment indicators system is divided into 3 overall layer, system layer and indicator layer grades.
(1) overall floor: research area's Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests general health is indicated.
(2) system layer: including 4 class index of reactiveness, structural, stability and duration, inherently reflect Phoebe bournei day
Right scondary forest VALUE OF CONNOTATION OF HEALTH and variable relation, form the intuitive variable factors of health assessment indicators system.
(3) indicator layer: amount to 16 indexs, 4 system layers are described respectively, specifically include unit stock volume
Amount, Canopy densities, natural regeneration, tree growth gesture, structure of community, woods layer structure, Tree Structure, DBH structure, Forest Diseases
Insect pest, forest fire, understory species cover degree, species diversity, Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number, forest naturalness, forested land vegetation, Litter-fall
Thickness.
The determination of 3.2 index intensions and a reference value
Construct forest health assessment indicators system, it is necessary to which the intension of clearly each index, this is also correct evaluation Forest Health
Premise.And indexed basis value is to measure the standard for whether reaching health status with each index in judge index system, is established
Each reasonable a reference value of index is the key point of Forest health assessment.Due to the complexity of Forest health assessment influence factor
Property, the imperfection of existing indicator-specific statistics data, the uncertainty of some index critical values and seek the tired of indexed basis value
Difficulty, therefore, applicant determine a reference value of index from multiple angles: selecting International or National advanced level case；With reference to phase
Close document；Industry correlation regulation or standard；To the index for being difficult to quantify, by analyzing concrete condition, according to on-the-spot investigation and specially
Industry, which is judged, determines a reference value.
3.2.1 reactiveness index
(1) stocking per unit area
The volume of timber of whole forests is known as Stand Volume in standing forest, it is the main indicator for identifying forest quality, can be anti-
The abundant degree of the forest reserves is reflected, the energy of its height and biomass, the height that carbon converges and organic C storage in forest ecosystem
Power has direct relationship.Under normal circumstances, forest stock is higher, shows that its forest reserves is abundanter, reactiveness is stronger.8th
Secondary whole nation continuous forest inventory is the results show that China's forest per hectare accumulation is 89.79m3, and artificial forest per hectare stores
Accumulated amount only has 52.76m3.In conjunction with the operations objective of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests, stocking per unit area is with 300m3·hm-2On the basis of
Value.
(2) Canopy densities
The ratio between crown mapping area and forest land area, referred to as Canopy densities in standing forest.Canopy densities it may be said that Mingguang City,
The environmental factors such as water enter the redistribution situation in woods by crown canopy, and size directly affects the change of illumination in woods, moisture, heat
The light conditions of change and hayashishita layer.Determine a reference value with 0.7 for Canopy densities.
(3) natural regeneration
One of an important factor for situation of natural regeneration is influence forest ecosystem succession, embodies the development of standing forest
Trend, the standing forest updated in order illustrate that its vigor and productivity potentiality can relatively preferably.Day is stated with the quantity of seedling
The quantity of the situation so updated, treelet seedling is more, illustrates that the standing forest natural regeneration state is better, reactiveness is higher.According to " river
West saves forest governmance technical regulation " in (2019) " natural regeneration grade " regulation, by per hectare arbor seedling (3
In year) natural regeneration grade classification is good, medium, bad and distinguishes assignment 3,2,1, natural regeneration is worth on the basis of taking 3.
(4) tree growth gesture
Growth potential is the reflection that tree growth develops vigorous degree, and the Stand Growth gesture the strong, illustrate stand growth more
Greatly, standing forest vigor is stronger；The growth potential the poor, illustrates that stand growth is smaller, and standing forest vigor is poorer.Tree growth gesture is mainly
According to forest vitality, from the forests external appearance characteristic factor such as tree crown, trunk, leaf, root and aggrieved phenomenon and growth peripheral situation etc.
The factor carries out overall merit, and when evaluation, which follows " with regard to low principle ", further determines that growth potential grade, according to " Jiangxi Province forest money
Source forestry resource survey technical regulation " in (2019) " tree growth gesture " be divided into it is excellent, in, poor, very poor 4 grades, respectively assignment 4,3,
2,1, tree growth gesture is worth on the basis of taking 4.
3.2.2 structural index
(1) structure of community
Reasonable structure of community is the important embodiment of forest ecosystem health, and can more make full use of having for environment
Sharp condition weakens the intensity of ecotone competition.Structure of community is generally made of arborous layer, undergrowth and ground storey, is dividing group
When falling structure, with reference to " Jiangxi Province's forest governmance technical regulation " (2019): when carrying out structure of community division, lower wood
Layer includes shrub and the outer treelet of layer, and ground cover includes draft, moss and lichens.Instantly coverage >=20% of wood or ground cover
When, it can individually divide vegetable layer；Instantly the coverage of wood and ground cover adds up to >=20% and the two coverage rate is both greater than 5% respectively
When, combinable is 1 vegetable layer.Undergrowth average height need to be higher than 50cm, and litters and moss average height need to be higher than 5cm；It is local
When class is special shrub land, litters and moss coverage can be determined as to more complete structure.According to the feature of group's level, by group
3 classes can be divided by falling structure, i.e. complete structure (has arborous layer, 3 undergrowth, litters and moss levels, and undergrowth and ground quilt
Nitride layer coverage >=20% standing forest), more complete structure (there is arborous layer and other 1 vegetable layer or undergrowth and ground quilt
Nitride layer coverage is 5% or more, and total 20% standing forest), simple structure (only 1 vegetable layer of arbor or undergrowth and
Litters and moss covering is below 5% standing forest), difference assignment 3,2,1, structure of community is worth on the basis of taking 3.
(2) woods layer structure
Woods layer structure refers to the crown canopy hierarchical structure of standing forest, is divided to single layer and cladding two classes.The woods hierarchical structure of forest is more complicated,
The stability of group is stronger, and standing forest capacity of self-regulation is stronger, and forest is more healthy.This programme is referred to when dividing woods layer
" Jiangxi Province's forest governmance technical regulation " (2019), it is desirable that the division of irregular forest should meet following 4 conditions simultaneously:
Accumulation is no less than 2m to each woods layer per acre3；The average height difference of substorey and main storry should be no less than 20%；Each woods layer mean DBH increment
In 8cm or more；Main storry canopy density are no less than 0.3, and other layers of canopy density are no less than 0.2.Unlined forest is assigned a value of 1, irregular forest
2 are assigned a value of, woods layer structure is worth on the basis of taking 2.
(3) Tree Structure
Composition is the pith of stand structure, and Tree Structure abundant can slow down Ecological Function degeneration,
Be conducive to improve protective benefits.The Tree Structure of Natural Secondary Forests is the knot for being mutually adapted in long-term natural process, mutually selecting
Fruit, this is also one of wildwood immanent structure feature.According to the feature of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests and refer to " Jiangxi Province's forest reserves
Forestry resource survey technical regulation " (2019), Tree Structure is divided into broad-leaved pure forest, broad-leaved with respect to pure forest, theropencedrymion and broad-leaved
Mixed forest, and assignment 1,2,3,4 respectively, Tree Structure is worth on the basis of taking 4.
(4) DBH structure
Stand Diameter is the distribution of all size diameter forest in standing forest, can react the growth conditions of group,
And measurement is convenient and simple.In the ideal situation, as diameter grade increases, the stem-number of different diameter grades gradually decreases uneven aged forest, table
It is now the curve of inverted " j " type.When ideal uneven aged forest is described, which is that a kind of very important non-space structure is special
Sign.In typical uneven aged forest standing forest, the standing tree strain number ratio of adjacent diameter grade generally tends to a constant, then its standing forest diameter grade
Structure can be embodied by following relational expression: Xtd=Xtd- 1/q, (formula 1), the standing tree strain number of d diameter grade when wherein X is t moment,
Q is a degradation factor or constant.The definition of q value is the strain number of a certain diameter grade and adjacent compared with the ratio between large diameter strain number, Ke Yiyong
To reflect the DBH structure of standing forest.The value of q value is lower, and the distribution curve of diameter is more flat, shows in such standing forest, compared with
The forest proportion of large diameter is relatively high, and in the biggish standing forest of q value, the proportion of treelet is high.It is learned according to many researchs
Person's result of study q value is more satisfactory between 1.2~2.0, and therefore, a reference value of this programme q value is 1.5.
3.2.3 stability indicator
(1) forest disease and pest
Forest disease and pest is one kind of natural calamity, and the generation of pest and disease damage can seriously destroy Forest Ecological Resources, restrict woods
Industry sustainable development, the stability for being unfavorable for sustainable control to harmful organism, destroying forest ecosystem, directly affect gloomy
The sound development of woods.According to " Jiangxi Province's forest governmance technical regulation " (2019), aggrieved standing tree strain number percentage divides
For without, it is light, in, weigh 4 grades, assignment 4,3,2,1 respectively, forest disease and pest is worth on the basis of taking 4.
(2) forest fire
Forest fire can destroy the stability of forest ecosystem, and cause biggish harm and loss.Forest fire
Size is usually measured with aggrieved, Disaster Area or strain number.According to " Jiangxi Province's forest governmance technical regulation "
(2019), can accounting for the when aggrieved rear forest of total strain number percentage by aggrieved standing tree strain number survive and influence the degree grown, point nothing,
Gently, in, 4 grades are weighed, respectively assignment 4,3,2,1, forest fire is worth on the basis of 4.
(3) understory species cover degree
Understory species cover degree can reflect out the vertical structure and complexity of group, and understory species abundant can promote to support
The validation divided reduces surface runoff, mitigates the harm of soil erosion, and can play improvement soil fertility to a certain extent
Effect, be conducive to the stability of forest community.Understory species refer mainly to shrub, draft and ground cover.Understory species cover degree
A reference value takes 80%.
(4) species diversity
Species diversity reflects that the tissue of forest community is horizontal, and can indirectly be reflected by the relationship of structure and function
The feature of forest community function.In a certain range, diversity is higher, and stability is higher.This programme selects Shannon-
Wiener index of species diversity come reflect species diversity level, with 3 be indexed basis value.Calculation formula are as follows:
In formula: H is diversity indices, piThe ratio of all kinds of number of individuals is accounted for for i-th kind of number of individuals, n is species number.
3.2.4 duration index
(1) Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number
The natural renovation of standing forest needs provenance, and the big tree of Phoebe bournei is solid and more stable in Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests, can be
Stand regeneration provides provenance, plays an important role to the update of its treelet seedling.Big tree in Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests is considered as mother
Tree, elite stand is more, and the seed being capable of providing is more, is more conducive to natural regeneration, is conducive to standing forest sustainable development.With reference to phase
It closes document and combines the growth characteristics of Phoebe bournei, Phoebe bournei elite stand of sowing is defined as the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground >=20cm or more trees, this programme
It is interior that elite stand strain tree a reference value is set to 200 plants of hm-2。
(2) forest naturalness
Forest naturalness refers to the difference degree between the status of Forest Community Types and former indigenous plant group.With forest
Based on stage in secondary succession of coenotype or Population age structure, according to " Jiangxi Province's forest governmance skill
Art regulation " (2019), forest naturalness is divided into 5 by stand type, human-induced disturbance intensity, age composition, composition etc.
Grade, by forest naturalness highest level " primary forest or by man's activity very little and be in substantially original vegetation, forest group
Complicated composition are fallen, are multilayered structure, uneven aged forest " 5 are assigned a value of, and taking 5 is a reference value of forest naturalness.
(3) forested land vegetation
It is closely related with Forest Productivity according to forested land vegetation, directly affect Forest Productivity and duration.In reference state
In forestry bureau, family " forest land conservation falls boundary's technical regulation using planning forest land " (2011) on the basis of forested land vegetation factor, in conjunction with Fujian
The factors such as the biological characteristics of nanmu, 5 factors such as the comprehensive soil thickness of forested land vegetation, soil types, slope position, the gradient, slope aspect, respectively
Factor quantification grade classification and assignment are shown in Table 1.
1 forested land vegetation correlation factor quantification grade point table of table
Forested land vegetation is divided into I, II, III, IV, V etc. 5 grade, is specifically calculated as follows:
In formula: EEQ is forested land vegetation comprehensive grading value；VkFor indices score value；WkFor the weight of the factor.According to soil
The influence of 5 factor pair Phoebe bourneis such as thickness, soil types, the gradient, slope position, slope aspect growth, weight is respectively 0.3, soil class
Type 0.2, the gradient 0.2, slope position 0.1, slope aspect 0.2.Then, according to forested land vegetation comprehensive grading value size, using the exclusive method of lower limit
Be divided into I grade (> 8), II grade (6~8), III grade (4~6), IV grade (2~4) and V grade (score value≤2) 5 grades and assign respectively
Value 5,4,3,2,1, forested land vegetation is worth on the basis of taking 5.
(4) Litter-fall thickness
Litter-fall is one of the main path that nutrient is given back in Forest Nutrients circulation, the return revert and cycle rate shadow of nutrient
Ring the maintenance and raising of forest land soil fertility.Certain thickness Litter-fall can effectively inhibit moisture in soil evaporation rate, be conducive to
Reduce the mean flow rate of rainwash to carry out water and soil conservation, increases the functions such as precipitation infiltration amount, be conducive to forest land soil fertility
It maintains.This programme is worth on the basis of taking Litter Layer thickness 5cm.
3.3 index weights calculate
In theory, on the relative importance in reflection Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health status, different levels
Different evaluation index be impossible it is identical, objectively need a weight.The height of evaluation criterion weight will be straight
Connect unhealthful evaluation as a result, the variation of index weights may directly affect the superiority and inferiority state of evaluation object.This programme is invited
The expert of forest reserves management, ecology etc. carries out weight marking to this health assessment indicators, is scored at these
The marking situation of each expert is carried out group decision using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (AHP method), by constantly adjusting, and through consistent by basis
Property examine, the weighted value of each layer and each index is determined, such as table 2.
The wherein total weight order value (W of each indexj) calculation formula are as follows:
Wj=Wi·Wij(formula 4)
In formula, WiFor the weighted value of i system layer；WijFor the weighted value of the i-th system layer jth index.
2 Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment indicators weight of table
From the point of view of system layer, weight highest shared by reactiveness index is 0.4801, and followed by duration weight is
0.2277, stability and structural weight are respectively 0.1576 and 0.1346.In reactiveness system layer, stocking per unit area
Shared weight is maximum, and up to the maximum index of weight shared in 0.4885 and all indexs, the weight of stocking per unit area is total
Sequence illustrates critical role of the stocking per unit area in Forest health assessment up to 0.2345；The shared power of tree growth gesture
Weight minimum 0.1753, weight is always ordered as 0.0842.In structural systems layer, weight maximum shared by structure of community reaches
0.3835, weight is always ordered as 0.0516；Woods layer structure ratio minimum only 0.1474, weight is always ordered as 0.0198.?
In constancy system layer, for weight maximum shared by forest disease and pest up to 0.3839, weight is always ordered as 0.0605；Understory species lid
Shared weight minimum only 0.1295 is spent, weight is always ordered as 0.0204.In duration system layer, weight shared by forested land vegetation
Maximum is 0.3262, and weight is always ordered as 0.0743；Weight shared by Litter-fall thickness minimum only 0.1706, weight is always arranged
Sequence is 0.0389.
All in all, always sort preceding 3 index of weight is respectively stocking per unit area (0.2345), natural regeneration
(0.1153), tree growth gesture (0.0842)；Weight always sort the smallest 3 indexs be respectively woods layer structure (0.0198), woods
Lower vegetation cover degree (0.0204), Tree Structure (0.0302).
4, data nondimensionalization
Each index in forest health assessment indicators system, due to its dimension, the form of expression, meaning and to catalogue
Target effect tends to different, does not have comparativity, can not directly be evaluated it, it is necessary to carry out dimensionless to each evaluation index
Change processing can just eliminate the influence of index dimension bring, not scientific, unreasonable phenomenon is avoided to occur.Nondimensionalization processing
Method mainly has " maximization " processing, " minimization " processing, " very poorization " processing, " centralization " processing and " equalization " processing.
" centralization " cannot relatively accurately reflect the letter that former data are included although processing can eliminate the difference in each index degree of variation
Breath, may cause the inaccuracy of comprehensive evaluation result, as a result be likely to occur negative, and equalization processing then remains each index and becomes
The information of off course degree.Equalization is to be compared the actual value of index with corresponding a reference value, is calculated easy it can be readily appreciated that event
This programme carries out dimensionless processing using equalization method, and the property of evaluation index is different, will using corresponding processing method
Value after nondimensionalization controls between 0~1.
When index is positive index, i.e. index value is the bigger the better, then uses upper limit measure of merit:
B=Sj/S0, (formula 5)
When index is reverse index, i.e. index value is the smaller the better, is estimated using floor effect:
B=S0/Sj, (formula 6)
When index is appropriate index, i.e., index value is in best when a certain appropriate numerical value, bigger than normal or less than normal bad,
Using center measure of merit:
As the moderate value B=S of index actual value >=index0/Sj, (formula 7)
As the moderate value B=S of index actual value < indexj/S0, (formula 8)
B is nondimensionalization value (evaluation of estimate), S in the above formulasjFor index actual value, S0On the basis of be worth.
5, Forest health assessment model is constructed
Composite index law is to be integrated information by index system, is suitable for any kind of ecosystem, is mesh
The most and fairly perfect evaluation method of preceding application.Evaluation model is as follows:
H is Forest Health index in formula, indicates the comprehensive evaluation value of health status, WjIndicate that the weight of j-th of index is (total
Sequence), BjValue after indicating j-th of indices non-dimension.
According to the quantification and qualification of Forest Health degree, the size of comprehensive evaluation value uses the degree of Forest Health
The exclusive method of the upper limit is divided into 4 grades, i.e., healthy (0.8~1.0), inferior health (0.6~0.8), middle healthy (0.4~0.6), no
Health < 0.4.
6, using assessment indicator system and evaluation model achieved above, Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests in study plot are good for
Health evaluation, successively follows the steps below:
S1, obtain achievement data: there are mainly three types of modes, obtain Canopy densities first is that being investigated by study plot, wither and fall
The basic datas such as object thickness；Second is that the basic data, such as mean DBH increment, species strain number etc. that are obtained by study plot investigation, lead to
It crosses and the achievement datas such as stocking per unit area, species diversity is calculated；Third is that by consulting related data and divided rank,
Obtain the situation and assignment of the related qualitative index such as tree growth gesture, forested land vegetation；
S2, data nondimensionalization: nothing is carried out using data of the equalization method to each index obtained in step S1
Dimensionization is handled, the numerical value after obtaining nondimensionalization, and the nondimensionalization concrete outcome of each index see the table below 3 institutes in the present embodiment
Show；
Each indices non-dimension result of 3 Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests of table
S3, overall merit: using data obtained in the step S2, according to Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment mould
Type obtains the Forest Health index and comprehensive evaluation result of the Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests in the step S1 study plot, this implementation
Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests Comprehensive health result is referring to shown in the following table 4 in example；
4 Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests Comprehensive health result of table
S4, the evaluation result of the step S3 Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health status obtained is analyzed:
(1) nondimensionalization interpretation of result
(1) reactiveness index
The average value that can be seen that stocking per unit area nondimensionalization from the nondimensionalization result of table 3 is 0.51, i.e., flat
Equal per hectare accumulation is 153m3, amount to 13 study plots and is greater than this average value, wherein study plot 21,23,24,25 is 1.00,
No. 30 study plots minimum only 0.04；Stocking per unit area is lower than a reference value in most study plots, illustrates that Phoebe bournei is secondary
Woods generally its stocking per unit area is also undesirable.The average value of Canopy densities nondimensionalization is 0.80, i.e. canopy density are flat
It is 0.56, amounts to 20 study plots and be greater than this average value, wherein highest study plot is 13,14,24, it is all 1.00, and its
The canopy density of its study plot are equal to or less than a reference value (0.7) mostly, illustrate Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests canopy density on the whole still
It is relatively low.The average value of natural regeneration nondimensionalization is 0.72, amounts to 8 study plots and is greater than this average value, wherein 5,6,10,11,
12,24,25, No. 26 study plot values are all 1.00, reach good more New r4, and Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests natural regeneration generally reaches
To fair state or more, natural regeneration is preferable.The nondimensionalization average value of tree growth gesture is 0.62, amounts to 14 study plots
Greater than this average value, on the whole between II grade and III grade, tree crown physically well develops, and treetop, branch and leaf have a little nature
Withered damage, trees spacing is relatively narrow, and tree growth is slightly impacted.
(2) structural index
The average value of structure of community nondimensionalization is 0.87, wherein having 18 study plots is 1.00, reaches complete structure, has
Standby 3 arborous layer, undergrowth, litters and moss levels.The nondimensionalization average value of woods layer structure is 0.93, amounts to 26 study plots
Greater than this average value and it is 1.00, shows that Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests are mostly irregular forest.The nondimensionalization average value of Tree Structure
It is 0.80, amounts to 20 study plots and be greater than this average value and be 1.00, show mostly Broad-leaved Mixed Forest.The dimensionless of DBH structure
Changing average value is 0.58, amounts to 14 study plots and is greater than this average value, wherein the value of study plot 21,15,29 is larger, respectively
0.96,0.90 and 0.86, generally treelet ratio is higher in Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests.
(3) stability indicator
The value of forest disease and pest and each study plot nondimensionalization of forest fire is 1.00, and all study plots are in nothing
Forest disease and pest and forest fire classes are not threatened by forest disease and pest and forest fire.Understory species cover degree nondimensionalization is flat
Mean value is 0.72, i.e., averagely understory species cover degree is 58%, amounts to 19 study plots and is greater than this average value, and No. 26 understory species
Less, nondimensionalization value is only 0.06.The nondimensionalization average value of species diversity is 0.54, and total 17 study plots are greater than
This average value, wherein 8, No. 16 study plot values are higher, respectively 0.84,0.78；No. 6 study plot values are minimum, and only 0.18, it is overall
Its upper species diversity need to be improved.
(4) duration index
The average value of Phoebe bournei elite stand strain tree nondimensionalization is 0.47, amounts to 20 study plots and is greater than this average value, No. 30 marks
It is quasi-ly minimum, it is 0.00, temporarily without the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground >=20cm Phoebe bournei elite stand, wherein study plot 14,18,24,25,29 is higher than a reference value
(200 plants of hm-2).The nondimensionalization average value of forest naturalness is 0.65, amounts to 8 study plots and is greater than this average value, standard
14,16,21,22,23,24,25,27 nondimensionalization value of ground is 0.80, illustrates that the forest naturalness of this 8 study plots is in II
Grade, remaining study plot are in III grade；All in all, Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests forest naturalness is in III grade and II grade of stage, has
More apparent human interference influences, and is generally in secondary community of the stage of succession mid-term to later period transition stage.Forested land vegetation
Nondimensionalization average value is 0.68, is 0.80 between III grade and II grade, there is 12 study plots to be greater than this average value and value, always
The forested land vegetation of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests is still relatively preferable on body.The nondimensionalization average value of Litter-fall thickness is 0.40, i.e.,
Average Litter-fall amounts to 6 study plots and is greater than this average value and is only for 0.60, No. 23 study plot values are minimum with a thickness of 2cm
0.10, illustrate that Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests totality Litter-fall thickness is relatively low.
(2) health assessment interpretation of result
Referring to Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests Forest Health comprehensive evaluation result in table 4, from the point of view of 4 system layers: reactiveness side
The average value of each study plot in face is 0.61, is equally divided into 0.29 after weight, wherein higher preceding 3 study plots of score be 24,
25,23, value is respectively 0.96,0.94,0.86；No. 30 study plot scores minimum 0.27.The structural each study plot of aspect
Average value be 0.79, be equally divided into 0.11 after weight, wherein score higher first 3 are study plot 9,3,7, and value is respectively
0.96,0.93,0.91；No. 30 study plot scores minimum 0.43.The average value of each study plot is 0.84 in terms of stability, power
Average value is 0.13 after weight, and wherein 8,10,11 score of study plot is higher, respectively 0.96,0.93,0.93；No. 26 study plots obtain
Divide minimum 0.70.The average value of each study plot is 0.57 in terms of duration, is equally divided into 0.13 after weight, wherein 14,24,
No. 21 study plot highest scorings, respectively 0.78,0.78,0.75.
The study plot situation for counting obtained different Health Categories to table 4 is as shown in table 5 below.
5 Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment statistical form of table
In 30 study plots for carrying out health assessment, study plot 16,21,24,25 belongs to health status, and score is respectively
0.80,0.81,0.88,0.84, account for the 13.33% of whole study plots；Study plot 2,3,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,15,
18,20,22,23,27,29 belong to sub-health state, account for the 60.00% of whole study plots；Study plot 1,4,8,17,19,26,28
Belong to middle health status, accounts for the 23.33% of whole study plots；Study plot 30 belongs to unhealthy condition, accounts for whole study plots
3.33%.Average health index is 0.66, illustrates that Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests are generally in sub-health state.
There are 4 study plots to be in health status, species diversity with higher and production in the research area of the present embodiment
Power, arborous layer, shrub layer and herbaceous layer are structurally reasonable, and the growth of canopy density and the relatively suitable underground of cover degree, updating ability is strong,
There are higher stability, reactiveness and anti-interference.18 study plots are in the inferior health stage, and the hierarchical structure of standing forest is relatively complete
Whole, species diversity is higher, and updating ability is stronger.7 study plots are in middle health status, are mainly characterized by accumulation, species
Diversity is lower, and natural regeneration ability is medium.1 study plot belongs to unhealthy condition, and stocking per unit area is low, and hayashishita is planted
It is few by type, lack Phoebe bournei elite stand, the indexs such as stocking per unit area, natural regeneration, canopy density, species diversity score value is all
It is low.
On the whole, research area's Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests are in sub-health state on the whole, have with desired health status
Institute's gap.Therefore, Ying Jinhang is reinforced the adjustment to stand structure, is promoted woods with the health management activity that Forest Health is guiding
Divide and develop to cladding, mixed friendship direction, improves the ability of productivity of forest stand and resistance disaster, sufficiently excavate its growth potential, promote
The forest forward direction succession development of its Xiang Wending, health.
According to the above evaluation result, applicant suggests that stablizing from standing forest vigor, optimization stand structure, enhancing standing forest is improved
Property, maintain standing forest duration, reinforce health management publicity, focus on manage and protect with monitoring etc. reinforce to Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests
It manages and manages, to promote it to develop to healthy direction.
Finally it should be noted that above embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical solution of the application rather than to its protection scope
Limitation, although the application is described in detail referring to above-described embodiment, the those of ordinary skill in the field should
Understand: those skilled in the art read the specific embodiment of application can still be carried out after the application various changes, modification or
Equivalent replacement, but the above change, modification or equivalent replacement, in the application wait authorize or the claim of issued for approval protection model
Within enclosing.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model, which is characterized in that the health assessment model isIn formula: H is Forest Health index, indicates the comprehensive evaluation value of health status, BjIndicate that j-th of index is immeasurable
Value after guiding principle, WjIndicate total weight order value of j-th of index, n is index sum；The index includes unit stock volume
Amount, Canopy densities, natural regeneration, tree growth gesture, structure of community, woods layer structure, Tree Structure, DBH structure, Forest Diseases
It insect pest, forest fire, understory species cover degree, species diversity, Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number, forest naturalness, forested land vegetation and withers and falls
Object thickness.
2. Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that each index
Total weight order value WjCalculation formula is Wj=Wi·Wij, in formula: WiFor the weighted value of i system layer, WijRefer to for the i-th system layer jth
Target weighted value.
3. Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model according to claim 2, which is characterized in that use equalization method
Dimensionless processing is carried out to the data of each index, the value after nondimensionalization is controlled between 0~1；The equalization processing
It is a reference value by the actual value of the index divided by setting.
4. Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that heterogeneity index
Nondimensionalization processing includes: when the index is positive index, using upper limit measure of merit: B=Sj/S0；When the index is inverse
To index, estimated using floor effect: B=S0/Sj；When the index is appropriate index, using center measure of merit: index is real
B=S when actual value >=index moderate value0/Sj, B=S when index actual value < index moderate valuej/S0, B is nondimensionalization value, S in formulaj
For index actual value, S0On the basis of be worth.
5. the method that a kind of pair of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests carry out health assessment, which is characterized in that using described in claim 4
Health assessment model carries out health assessment to Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests, comprising the following steps:
S1, it obtains achievement data: obtaining the Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health in study plot by study plot investigation and inspection information
The indices data of evaluation；
S2, data nondimensionalization: dimensionless is carried out using data of the equalization method to each index obtained in step S1
Change processing, the numerical value after obtaining nondimensionalization；
S3, overall merit: according to Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment model, using data obtained in the step S2 with
And total weight order value of each index of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests, calculate the Phoebe bournei natural secondary in the step S1 Plays ground
The Forest Health index of woods；
The health assessment result of Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests in S4, the statistics step S3.
6. Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in the step S2 into
When the processing of row nondimensionalization, it is 300m that a reference value of each target setting, which is respectively as follows: stocking per unit area a reference value,3·hm-2；Woods
The a reference value for dividing canopy density is 0.7；Natural regeneration indexed basis value is 3；Tree growth gesture a reference value is 4；Structure of community benchmark
Value is 3；Unlined forest is assigned a value of 1, and irregular forest is assigned a value of 2, and woods layer structure a reference value is 2；Tree Structure a reference value is 4；Diameter grade knot
Structure relational expression is Xtd=Xtd-1/ q, the standing tree strain number of d diameter grade when X is t moment in formula, a reference value of q value are 1.5；Forest Diseases
Insect pest a reference value is 4；Forest fire a reference value is 4；Understory species cover degree a reference value is 80%；Species diversity calculation formula isH is diversity indices, p in formulaiThe ratio of all kinds of number of individuals is accounted for for i-th kind of number of individuals, n is
Species number, is worth on the basis of 3；Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number a reference value is 200 plants of hm-2；Forest naturalness a reference value is 5；Forest land matter
Measuring a reference value is 5；Litter-fall thickness a reference value is 5cm.
7. Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that comprehensive in the step S3
When closing evaluation, the weight of the 4 class index of reactiveness, structural, stability and duration in system layer is followed successively by 0.4801,
0.1346,0.1576 and 0.2277.
8. Phoebe bournei Natural Secondary Forests health assessment method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that comprehensive in the step S3
When closing evaluation, the weighted value of each index in system layer are as follows: stocking per unit area 0.4885, Canopy densities 0.0961, natural
Update 0.2401, tree growth gesture 0.1753；Structure of community 0.3835, woods layer structure 0.1474, Tree Structure 0.2243, diameter grade
Structure 0.2448；Forest disease and pest 0.3839, forest fire 0.2248, understory species cover degree 0.1295, species diversity
0.2618；Phoebe bournei elite stand strain number 0.2597, forest naturalness 0.2435, forested land vegetation 0.3262, Litter-fall thickness 0.1706.
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| CN111311114A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-19 | 汇明科技(江苏)有限公司 | Method for evaluating land resource restoration effect |
| CN114521437A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-24 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Tending method for subtropical zone secondary forest recovery |
| CN116029616A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-28 | 四川省林业和草原调查规划院(四川省林业和草原生态环境监测中心) | Forest ecological system health evaluation method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN116205404A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-06-02 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Ecological function recovery method for secondary forest and effect evaluation index system construction method |
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| CN116205404A (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-06-02 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Ecological function recovery method for secondary forest and effect evaluation index system construction method |
| CN116205404B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2024-02-02 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Ecological function recovery method for secondary forest and effect evaluation index system construction method |
| CN116029616A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-28 | 四川省林业和草原调查规划院(四川省林业和草原生态环境监测中心) | Forest ecological system health evaluation method and device and electronic equipment |
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