CN110705058B - Near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for ultra-electric large-scale target - Google Patents

Near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for ultra-electric large-scale target Download PDF

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CN110705058B
CN110705058B CN201910886998.2A CN201910886998A CN110705058B CN 110705058 B CN110705058 B CN 110705058B CN 201910886998 A CN201910886998 A CN 201910886998A CN 110705058 B CN110705058 B CN 110705058B
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杨伟
廖成晋
齐聪慧
赵志钦
胡皓全
雷世文
田径
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

The invention discloses a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-electric large-scale target, which comprises the following steps: importing a model file in an STL format, and reading related information of each triangular surface element forming a radar target; inputting parameters to be calculated; judging whether the surface element is illuminated by incident waves or not, and marking the illuminated surface element; for each triangular bin marked as illuminated, its surface current and magnetic current were calculated: solving for the scattered field due to each triangular bin marked as illuminated
Figure DDA0003025043300000011
Figure DDA0003025043300000012
The scattered field E of all triangular bins marked as illuminatedsnAfter all solutions are completed, adding all the solutions according to a vector superposition principle to obtain a total scattered field; obtaining the RCS value sigma of the radar target under the condition of near field according to the following formula0And outputting the result:
Figure DDA0003025043300000013
the method fills the blank in the field of target near-field RCS simulation algorithms, and particularly fills the blank in the field of electromagnetic simulation processing modes of different surface elements under the near-field scattering condition, so that the method is more suitable for the actual engineering scene.

Description

Near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for ultra-electric large-scale target
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic scattering, in particular to a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-electric large-scale target.
Background
In electromagnetic scattering simulation, a radar scattering cross section (RCS) is often used for representing the electromagnetic scattering ability of a target object, which plays an important role in analyzing and identifying the scattering characteristics of the target object and is also an important technical index for reflecting the stealth performance of the target object, so that the simulation of the RCS becomes a key technology in the electromagnetic scattering characteristic analysis and radar target identification of the radar target object.
Radar far-field conditions (r) for ultra-electric large-scale targets (e.g., ships)>2D2Where r represents the target-to-radar distance, D represents the target size, and λ represents the radar wave wavelength) are generally not easily satisfied. When the target is positioned in the near area of the radar beam, the scattering characteristic of the target is completely different from the result under the far field condition, the far field scattering theory is not applicable any more, and the research on the near field scattering is particularly necessary. The invention provides a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for solving an ultra-electric large-scale target. At present, the existing RCS simulation software on the market almost completely aims at far-field targets, and in order to solve the problem of target scattering in actual engineering, it is particularly necessary to develop an electromagnetic scattering simulation tool in which targets are located under different scattering distances.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-large-scale target, which solves the problems, fills the blank of the field of near-field RCS simulation algorithm of the target, and particularly fills the electromagnetic simulation processing modes of different surface elements under the near-field scattering condition.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-large-scale target comprises the following steps:
step 1, importing a model file in an STL format, and reading coordinate information and surface element normal information of each triangular surface element forming a radar target; modeling and obtaining through a 3D modeling mode of a triangular surface element grid;
step 2, inputting parameters to be calculated;
step 3, judging whether the surface element is illuminated by incident waves or not, and marking the surface element illuminated by the incident waves;
and 4, calculating the surface current and magnetic current of each triangular surface element marked to be illuminated:
Figure GDA0003155144840000011
Figure GDA0003155144840000012
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure GDA0003155144840000013
to be the induced current density vector,
Figure GDA0003155144840000014
in order to induce a magnetic flux density vector,
Figure GDA0003155144840000015
is the unit normal vector of the plane of incidence,
Figure GDA0003155144840000016
the incident electric field corresponding to the triangular bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000017
a surface magnetic field corresponding to the triangular surface element;
step 5, solving the scattered field caused by each triangular surface element marked as illumination
Figure GDA0003155144840000021
Figure GDA0003155144840000022
Where ω is angular frequency, μ is permeability, η is wave impedance, e is a natural base number, k is wave number, j is an imaginary unit, Δ represents an integration region, r is an integral valuesnThe distance of the center of the triangular bin from the scattering center,
Figure GDA0003155144840000023
to be the induced current density vector,
Figure GDA0003155144840000024
in order to induce a magnetic flux density vector,
Figure GDA0003155144840000025
is the corresponding scattered wave direction vector,
Figure GDA0003155144840000026
is a scattering surface element point position vector, and d delta is a differential surface element;
step 6, all scattered fields marked as illuminated triangular bins
Figure GDA0003155144840000027
After all solutions are completed, adding all the solutions according to a vector superposition principle to obtain a total scattered field:
Figure GDA0003155144840000028
step 7, obtaining the RCS value sigma of the radar target under the near field condition according to the formula (4)0And outputting the result:
Figure GDA0003155144840000029
in the formula, rs0Representing the distance between the receiving radar and the center of the target, ri0Represents the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the target, | Es0I denotes the scattered electric field component at the receiving radar, | Ei0I represents the incident electric field component at the center of the target。
The conventional physical optical method (PO) is strictly derived according to the Stratton-Chu integral equation by using far-field approximation (far-field approximation) and tangent plane approximation (tangent plane approximation), and in a near-field environment, the far-field approximation is not completely applicable, so that the conventional PO method needs to be subjected to near-field correction.
After the target is subjected to mesh subdivision treatment, the subdivided surface element has a small size, generally 0.2 lambda-2 lambda, and each surface element meets the far-field condition (r)>2D2Where r represents the target-to-radar distance, D represents the target size, and λ represents the radar wave wavelength). Therefore, a near field correction must be made to the conventional RCS definition formula. In a near-field environment, the incident wave and the scattered wave are not regarded as simple plane waves any more, but regarded as 1/r respectivelyi0And 1/rs0The attenuated spherical wave then has, for the radar scattering cross section RCS:
Figure GDA00031551448400000210
further, in step 2, the parameters to be calculated include radar system type, radar wave frequency f, incident angle θ, and azimuth angle
Figure GDA00031551448400000211
Distance R between transmitting radar and target centerTDistance R between receiving radar and target centerRAnd Monte Carlo simulation times, target material types and related electromagnetic parameters under the sea surface model; the radar system types include single station and dual station.
Further, in step 3, it is determined whether the surface element is illuminated by the incident wave by ray tracing, and the illuminated surface element is marked.
Further, firstly, calculating the incident wave direction vector of each bin according to the set incident angle of the radar wave
Figure GDA0003155144840000031
Corresponding scattered wave direction vector is
Figure GDA0003155144840000032
Then judging mutual occlusion between the surface elements by utilizing ray tracing so as to determine whether a single surface element is illuminated;
Figure GDA0003155144840000033
Figure GDA0003155144840000034
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure GDA0003155144840000035
a position vector representing the transmitting radar,
Figure GDA0003155144840000036
a position vector representing the received radar is shown,
Figure GDA0003155144840000037
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000038
a vector representing the center point of the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000039
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure GDA00031551448400000310
a vector representing the center point of the transmitting radar to the bin.
Further, in the step 4, the modulus of the incident electric field
Figure GDA00031551448400000311
Comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA00031551448400000312
where R is the distance from the point to the transmitting radar, k is the wave number, e is the natural base number, j represents the unit of imaginary number, RinRepresenting the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the bin, RTFor transmitting the distance between the radar and the center of the target, the incident wave direction vector of each surface element
Figure GDA00031551448400000313
Is the position vector of a point on the bin.
Further, in the step 5, the surface magnetic field is
Figure GDA00031551448400000314
Figure GDA00031551448400000315
Wherein eta is the wave impedance,
Figure GDA00031551448400000316
for the incident wave direction vector of each bin,
Figure GDA00031551448400000317
is the incident electric field.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention provides a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-power large-scale target, which is a high-frequency-band radar target RCS rapid solving method based on a bin multi-scattering center model and aims to fill the blank in the field of target near-field RCS simulation algorithms, in particular to an electromagnetic simulation processing mode of different bins under the near-field scattering condition. The invention is not only suitable for single-station scattering (namely receiving and transmitting combined radar), but also suitable for double-station scattering (namely, the transmitting radar and the receiving radar are in different positions), and aims to be more suitable for actual engineering scenes.
The invention realizes high-precision rapid electromagnetic scattering simulation of the near-field target. The method adopts a 3D modeling mode based on the triangular surface element grid, and exports a 3D model storage file in a universal STL (stereo lithography) format to perform RCS (remote control system) simulation, the file in the format has universality, mainstream modeling software can be generated, manual writing of a model description file is not needed, the modeling complexity is greatly reduced, and the modeling process is simplified; meanwhile, normal information in the file is directly extracted and added into calculation, so that a complex process of manually solving the surface element normal is avoided; the method adopts the Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) to perform parallel computation for acceleration, and compared with the traditional CPU computation, the method adopts the GPU program to program and execute parallel commands, thereby greatly saving the time required by computation, accelerating the simulation speed and improving the simulation efficiency. And finally, Ray Tracing (RT) is adopted in simulation to quickly illuminate and judge the surface element, so that RCS (radar cross section) quick solution of a radar target model is realized.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention; in the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
Figure GDA0003155144840000041
a position vector representing a point on the bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000042
the location vector representing the center point of the bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000043
a position vector representing the transmitting radar,
Figure GDA0003155144840000044
a position vector representing the received radar is shown,
Figure GDA0003155144840000045
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000046
a vector representing the center point of the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000047
a vector representing a point on the receive radar bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000048
a vector representing the reception radar to the center point of the bin;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the ray tracing principle of the present invention; in the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
Figure GDA0003155144840000049
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure GDA00031551448400000410
a unit direction vector representing an incident wave;
Figure GDA00031551448400000411
a vector representing a point on the receive radar bin,
Figure GDA00031551448400000412
a unit direction vector representing a reflected wave;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a simulation method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a simulation model of an embodiment of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing scattering results with far-field scattering results under a set near-field condition according to a model of an embodiment of the method. In the figure, M-target, r.1-transmitting radar, r.2 receiving radar, a and B represent two partially overlapping bins.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-electric large-scale target, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, modeling by adopting a 3D modeling mode based on a triangular surface element grid, and exporting a model part in a general STL (stereo lithography) format for later use.
And 2, importing the model file in the STL format into a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) for calculation, and reading coordinate information and surface element normal information of each triangular surface element forming the radar target.
Step 3, inputting parameters to be calculated; the parameters to be calculated include radar system type, radar wave frequency f, incident angle theta and azimuth angle
Figure GDA0003155144840000051
Distance R between transmitting radar and target centerTDistance R between receiving radar and target centerRAnd Monte Carlo (MC) simulation times, target material types and related electromagnetic parameters under the sea surface model; the radar system types include single station and dual station.
Step 4, utilizing Ray Tracing (RT) to judge whether the surface element can be illuminated by the incident wave, and marking the surface element illuminated by the incident wave:
firstly, calculating the incident wave direction vector of each bin according to the set incident angle of radar waves
Figure GDA0003155144840000052
Corresponding scattered wave direction vector is
Figure GDA0003155144840000053
Ray Tracing (RT) is then used to determine the mutual occlusion between bins to determine if a single bin is illuminated;
Figure GDA0003155144840000054
Figure GDA0003155144840000055
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure GDA0003155144840000056
a position vector representing the transmitting radar,
Figure GDA0003155144840000057
a position vector representing the received radar is shown,
Figure GDA0003155144840000058
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000059
a vector representing the center point of the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure GDA00031551448400000510
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure GDA00031551448400000511
a vector representing the center point of the transmitting radar to the bin.
For each ray, firstly judging whether the ray possibly intersects with each surface element in the target grid, if so, solving an intersection point and calculating the distance from the emission point to the intersection point; and after the distances from the intersection points corresponding to all the surface elements to the emission points are obtained, the shortest distance is obtained, and the intersection point corresponding to the shortest distance is the real intersection point of the ray and the target. As shown in FIG. 2, it is first determined whether bin A or B intersects a ray alone, and it can be seen that the ray intersects bin A, B and the intersection points are within the bin. But since bin a is closer to the emission point, the intersection of the ray with bin a is the true intersection because the ray at bin a has changed propagation direction due to reflection and cannot intersect with bin B any more.
Step 5, setting an approximate expression of the incident electric field:
modulus of incident electric field
Figure GDA00031551448400000512
Comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA00031551448400000513
where R is the distance from the point to the transmitting radar, k is the wave number, e is the natural base number, j represents the unit of imaginary number, RinRepresenting the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the bin, RTFor transmitting the distance between the radar and the center of the target, the incident wave direction vector of each surface element
Figure GDA00031551448400000514
Is the position vector of a point on the bin.
For each triangular surface element marked as illuminated, calculating its surface magnetic field from the incident electric field, the surface magnetic field being
Figure GDA00031551448400000515
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0003155144840000061
where η is the wave impedance and the incident wave direction vector of each bin
Figure GDA0003155144840000062
Is the incident electric field.
And 6, calculating the surface current and magnetic current of each triangular surface element marked to be illuminated:
Figure GDA0003155144840000063
Figure GDA0003155144840000064
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure GDA0003155144840000065
to be the induced current density vector,
Figure GDA0003155144840000066
in order to induce a magnetic flux density vector,
Figure GDA0003155144840000067
is a unit normal vector of the incident surface;
Figure GDA0003155144840000068
the incident electric field corresponding to the triangular bin,
Figure GDA0003155144840000069
the surface magnetic field of the corresponding triangular surface element.
Step 7, solving the scattered field caused by each triangular surface element marked as illumination
Figure GDA00031551448400000610
Figure GDA00031551448400000611
Where ω is angular frequency, μ is permeability, η is wave impedance, e is a natural base number, k is wave number, j is an imaginary unit, Δ represents an integration region, r is an integral valuesnThe distance of the center of the triangular bin from the scattering center,
Figure GDA00031551448400000612
to be the induced current density vector,
Figure GDA00031551448400000613
in order to induce a magnetic flux density vector,
Figure GDA00031551448400000614
is the corresponding scattered wave direction vector,
Figure GDA00031551448400000615
is the scattering bin position vector and d Δ is the differential bin.
Step 8, all scattered fields E marked as illuminated triangular binssnAfter all solutions are completed, adding all the solutions according to a vector superposition principle to obtain a total scattered field:
Figure GDA00031551448400000616
step 9, obtaining the RCS value sigma of the radar target under the near field condition according to the formula (4)0And outputting a result, so far, finishing the program execution:
obtaining RCS value sigma of radar target under near field condition according to formula (4)0And outputting the result:
Figure GDA00031551448400000617
in the formula, rs0Representing the distance between the receiving radar and the center of the target, ri0Represents the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the target, | Es0I denotes the scattered electric field component at the receiving radar, | Ei0And | represents the incident electric field component at the center of the target.
Example 2
The simulation method provided in example 1 was tested: fig. 4 provides a model of a ship, which has a bounding box length of 135m, a width of 16m and a height of 25m, and which is subjected to the following simulation test: the working mode of the single-station radar is 300MHz, the incidence angle range is 45-90 degrees, the azimuth angle range is 0-360 degrees, and the distances from the radar to the target center are respectively 1km (the simulation result is labeled RCS-1km) and 10km (the simulation result is labeled RCS-10 km).
Comparative example: the distances from the radar to the target center are respectively 1km and 10km, a conventional far-field scattering simulation test is adopted, and the far-field simulated scattering result is marked as RCS-ff.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-large-scale target is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, importing a model file in an STL format, and reading coordinate information and surface element normal information of each triangular surface element forming a radar target;
step 2, inputting parameters to be calculated;
step 3, judging whether the surface element is illuminated by incident waves or not, and marking the surface element illuminated by the incident waves;
and 4, calculating the surface current and magnetic current of each triangular surface element marked to be illuminated:
Figure FDA0003155144830000011
Figure FDA0003155144830000012
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003155144830000013
to be the induced current density vector,
Figure FDA0003155144830000014
in order to induce a magnetic flux density vector,
Figure FDA0003155144830000015
is the unit normal vector of the plane of incidence,
Figure FDA0003155144830000016
the incident electric field corresponding to the triangular bin,
Figure FDA0003155144830000017
a surface magnetic field corresponding to the triangular surface element;
step 5, solving the scattered field caused by each triangular surface element marked as illumination
Figure FDA0003155144830000018
Figure FDA0003155144830000019
Where ω is angular frequency, μ is permeability, η is wave impedance, e is a natural base number, k is wave number, j is an imaginary unit, Δ represents an integration region, r is an integral valuesnDistance of triangle surface element center from scattering center
Figure FDA00031551448300000110
To be the induced current density vector,
Figure FDA00031551448300000111
in order to induce a magnetic flux density vector,
Figure FDA00031551448300000112
is the corresponding scattered wave direction vector,
Figure FDA00031551448300000113
is a scattering surface element point position vector, and d delta is a differential surface element;
step 6, all scattered fields marked as illuminated triangular bins
Figure FDA00031551448300000114
After all solutions are completed, adding all the solutions according to a vector superposition principle to obtain a total scattered field:
Figure FDA00031551448300000115
step 7, obtaining the RCS value sigma of the radar target under the near field condition according to the formula (4)0And outputting the result:
Figure FDA00031551448300000116
in the formula, rs0Representing the distance between the receiving radar and the center of the target, ri0Represents the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the target, | Es0I denotes the scattered electric field component at the receiving radar, | Ei0And | represents the incident electric field component at the center of the target.
2. The method for simulating near-field electromagnetic scattering of an ultra-large-scale target according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the parameters to be calculated include radar system type, radar wave frequency f, incident angle θ, azimuth angle
Figure FDA00031551448300000117
Distance R between transmitting radar and target centerTDistance R between receiving radar and target centerRAnd Monte Carlo simulation times, target material types and related electromagnetic parameters under the sea surface model; the radar system types include single station and dual station.
3. A near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-large scale target according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, ray tracing is used to determine whether the surface element is illuminated by the incident wave, and the illuminated surface element is marked.
4. The method for simulating near-field electromagnetic scattering of an ultra-large-scale target according to claim 3, wherein the incident wave direction vector of each bin is calculated according to the set incident angle of radar wave
Figure FDA0003155144830000021
Corresponding scattered wave direction vector is
Figure FDA0003155144830000022
Then judging mutual occlusion between the surface elements by utilizing ray tracing so as to determine whether a single surface element is illuminated;
Figure FDA0003155144830000023
Figure FDA0003155144830000024
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0003155144830000025
a position vector representing the transmitting radar,
Figure FDA0003155144830000026
a position vector representing the received radar is shown,
Figure FDA0003155144830000027
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure FDA0003155144830000028
a vector representing the center point of the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure FDA0003155144830000029
indicating a point on the surface element to which the radar is transmittedThe vector of the vector is then calculated,
Figure FDA00031551448300000210
a vector representing the center point of the transmitting radar to the bin.
5. The method for simulating near-field electromagnetic scattering of an ultra-large-scale target according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the modulus of the incident electric field
Figure FDA00031551448300000211
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA00031551448300000212
where R is the distance from the point to the transmitting radar, k is the wave number, e is the natural base number, j represents the unit of imaginary number, RinRepresenting the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the bin, RTFor transmitting the distance between the radar and the center of the target, the incident wave direction vector of each surface element
Figure FDA00031551448300000213
Is the position vector of a point on the bin.
6. The method for simulating near-field electromagnetic scattering of an ultra-large-scale target according to claim 1 or 5, wherein in the step 5, the surface magnetic field is
Figure FDA00031551448300000214
Figure FDA00031551448300000215
Wherein eta is the wave impedance,
Figure FDA00031551448300000216
for the incident wave direction vector of each bin,
Figure FDA00031551448300000217
is the incident electric field.
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