CN110705058A - Near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for ultra-electric large-scale target - Google Patents

Near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for ultra-electric large-scale target Download PDF

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CN110705058A
CN110705058A CN201910886998.2A CN201910886998A CN110705058A CN 110705058 A CN110705058 A CN 110705058A CN 201910886998 A CN201910886998 A CN 201910886998A CN 110705058 A CN110705058 A CN 110705058A
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杨伟
廖成晋
齐聪慧
赵志钦
胡皓全
雷世文
田径
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

The invention discloses a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-electric large-scale target, which comprises the following steps: importing a model file in an STL format, and reading related information of each triangular surface element forming a radar target; inputting parameters to be calculated; judging whether the surface element is illuminated by incident waves or not, and marking the illuminated surface element; for each triangular bin marked as illuminated, its surface current and magnetic current were calculated: solving for the scattered field due to each triangular bin marked as illuminated
Figure DDA0002207590920000011
Figure DDA0002207590920000012
The scattered field E of all triangular bins marked as illuminatedsnAfter all the solutions are solved, all the solutions are added according to a vector superposition principle to obtain total powderShooting a field; obtaining the RCS value sigma of the radar target under the condition of near field according to the following formula0And outputting the result:
Figure DDA0002207590920000013
the method fills the blank in the field of target near-field RCS simulation algorithms, and particularly fills the blank in the field of electromagnetic simulation processing modes of different surface elements under the near-field scattering condition, so that the method is more suitable for the actual engineering scene.

Description

Near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for ultra-electric large-scale target
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic scattering, in particular to a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-electric large-scale target.
Background
In electromagnetic scattering simulation, a radar scattering cross section (RCS) is often used for representing the electromagnetic scattering ability of a target object, which plays an important role in analyzing and identifying the scattering characteristics of the target object and is also an important technical index for reflecting the stealth performance of the target object, so that the simulation of the RCS becomes a key technology in the electromagnetic scattering characteristic analysis and radar target identification of the radar target object.
Radar far-field conditions (r) for ultra-electric large-scale targets (e.g., ships)>2D2Where r represents the target-to-radar distance, D represents the target size, and λ represents the radar wave wavelength) are generally not easily satisfied. When the target is positioned in the near area of the radar beam, the scattering characteristic of the target is completely different from the result under the far field condition, the far field scattering theory is not applicable any more, and the research on the near field scattering is particularly necessary. The invention provides a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for solving an ultra-electric large-scale target. At present, the existing RCS simulation software on the market almost completely aims at far-field targets, and in order to solve the problem of target scattering in actual engineering, it is particularly necessary to develop an electromagnetic scattering simulation tool in which targets are located under different scattering distances.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-large-scale target, which solves the problems, fills the blank of the field of near-field RCS simulation algorithm of the target, and particularly fills the electromagnetic simulation processing modes of different surface elements under the near-field scattering condition.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-large-scale target comprises the following steps:
step 1, importing a model file in an STL format, and reading coordinate information and surface element normal information of each triangular surface element forming a radar target; modeling and obtaining through a 3D modeling mode of a triangular surface element grid;
step 2, inputting parameters to be calculated;
step 3, judging whether the surface element is illuminated by incident waves or not, and marking the surface element illuminated by the incident waves;
and 4, calculating the surface current and magnetic current of each triangular surface element marked to be illuminated:
Figure BDA0002207590900000011
Figure BDA0002207590900000012
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002207590900000013
to be the induced current density vector,
Figure BDA0002207590900000014
in order to induce a magnetic flux density vector,
Figure BDA0002207590900000015
is the unit normal vector of the plane of incidence,
Figure BDA0002207590900000016
the incident electric field corresponding to the triangular bin,a surface magnetic field corresponding to the triangular surface element;
step 5, solving the scattered field caused by each triangular surface element marked as illumination
Figure BDA0002207590900000021
Figure BDA0002207590900000022
Where ω is angular frequency, μ is permeability, η is wave impedance, e is a natural base number, k is wave number, j is an imaginary unit, Δ represents an integration region, r is an integral valuesnThe distance of the center of the triangular bin from the scattering center,the current is induced in the surface of the triangular bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000024
is a surface induced magnetic current of a triangular surface element,
Figure BDA0002207590900000025
is the scattered wave vector of the triangular bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000026
is the scattering bin position vector and d Δ is the differential bin.
Step 6, all scattered fields marked as illuminated triangular bins
Figure BDA0002207590900000027
After all solutions are completed, adding all the solutions according to a vector superposition principle to obtain a total scattered field:
step 7, obtaining the RCS value sigma of the radar target under the near field condition according to the formula (4)0And outputting the result:
in the formula, rs0Representing the distance between the receiving radar and the center of the target, ri0Representing the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the target, Es0Which represents the magnitude of the scattered electric field,Ei0which represents the magnitude of the incident electric field,
Figure BDA00022075909000000211
the conventional physical optical method (PO) is strictly derived according to the Stratton-Chu integral equation by using far-field approximation (far-field approximation) and tangent plane approximation (tangent plane approximation), and in a near-field environment, the far-field approximation is not completely applicable, so that the conventional PO method needs to be subjected to near-field correction.
After the target is subjected to mesh subdivision treatment, the subdivided surface element has a small size, generally 0.2 lambda-2 lambda, and each surface element meets the far-field condition (r)>2D2Where r represents the target-to-radar distance, D represents the target size, and λ represents the radar wave wavelength). Therefore, a near field correction must be made to the conventional RCS definition formula. In a near-field environment, the incident wave and the scattered wave are not regarded as simple plane waves any more, but regarded as 1/r respectivelyi0And 1/rs0The attenuated spherical wave then has, for the radar scattering cross section RCS:
Figure BDA00022075909000000212
further, in step 2, the parameters to be calculated include radar system type, radar wave frequency f, incident angle θ, and azimuth angle
Figure BDA00022075909000000213
Distance R between transmitting radar and target centerTDistance R between receiving radar and target centerRAnd Monte Carlo simulation times, target material types and related electromagnetic parameters under the sea surface model; the radar system types include single station and dual station.
Further, in step 3, it is determined whether the surface element is illuminated by the incident wave by ray tracing, and the illuminated surface element is marked.
Further, firstly, calculating the incident wave direction vector of each bin according to the set incident angle of the radar wave
Figure BDA0002207590900000031
Corresponding scattered wave direction vector is
Figure BDA0002207590900000032
Then judging mutual occlusion between the surface elements by utilizing ray tracing so as to determine whether a single surface element is illuminated;
Figure BDA0002207590900000034
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,a position vector representing the transmitting radar,a position vector representing the received radar is shown,a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000038
a vector representing the center point of the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000039
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure BDA00022075909000000310
a vector representing the center point of the transmitting radar to the bin.
Further, in the step 4, the incident electric field modulus
Figure BDA00022075909000000311
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA00022075909000000312
where R is the distance from the point to the transmitting radar, k is the wave number, e is the natural base number, j represents the unit of imaginary number, RinRepresenting the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the bin, RTFor transmitting the distance between the radar and the center of the target, the incident wave direction vector of each surface element
Figure BDA00022075909000000313
Figure BDA00022075909000000314
Is the position vector of a point on the bin.
Further, in the step 5, the surface magnetic field is
Figure BDA00022075909000000315
Figure BDA00022075909000000316
Wherein eta is the wave impedance,
Figure BDA00022075909000000317
for the incident wave direction vector of each bin,is the incident electric field.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention provides a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-power large-scale target, which is a high-frequency-band radar target RCS rapid solving method based on a bin multi-scattering center model and aims to fill the blank in the field of target near-field RCS simulation algorithms, in particular to an electromagnetic simulation processing mode of different bins under the near-field scattering condition. The invention is not only suitable for single-station scattering (namely receiving and transmitting combined radar), but also suitable for double-station scattering (namely, the transmitting radar and the receiving radar are in different positions), and aims to be more suitable for actual engineering scenes.
The invention realizes high-precision rapid electromagnetic scattering simulation of the near-field target. The method adopts a 3D modeling mode based on the triangular surface element grid, and exports a 3D model storage file in a universal STL (stereo lithography) format to perform RCS (remote control system) simulation, the file in the format has universality, mainstream modeling software can be generated, manual writing of a model description file is not needed, the modeling complexity is greatly reduced, and the modeling process is simplified; meanwhile, normal information in the file is directly extracted and added into calculation, so that a complex process of manually solving the surface element normal is avoided; the method adopts the Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) to perform parallel computation for acceleration, and compared with the traditional CPU computation, the method adopts the GPU program to program and execute parallel commands, thereby greatly saving the time required by computation, accelerating the simulation speed and improving the simulation efficiency. And finally, Ray Tracing (RT) is adopted in simulation to quickly illuminate and judge the surface element, so that RCS (radar cross section) quick solution of a radar target model is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention; in the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
Figure BDA0002207590900000041
a position vector representing a point on the bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000042
the location vector representing the center point of the bin,a position vector representing the transmitting radar,
Figure BDA0002207590900000044
a position vector representing the received radar is shown,
Figure BDA0002207590900000045
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000046
a vector representing the center point of the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000047
a vector representing a point on the receive radar bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000048
a vector representing the reception radar to the center point of the bin;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the ray tracing principle of the present invention; in the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
Figure BDA0002207590900000049
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure BDA00022075909000000410
a unit direction vector representing an incident wave;
Figure BDA00022075909000000411
a vector representing a point on the receive radar bin,a unit direction vector representing a reflected wave;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a simulation method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a simulation model of an embodiment of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing scattering results with far-field scattering results under a set near-field condition according to a model of an embodiment of the method. In the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
m-target, r.1-transmitting radar, r.2 receiving radar, a and B represent two partially overlapping bins.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-electric large-scale target, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, modeling by adopting a 3D modeling mode based on a triangular surface element grid, and exporting a model part in a universal STL (StereoLithography) format for later use.
And 2, importing the model file in the STL format into a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) for calculation, and reading coordinate information and surface element normal information of each triangular surface element forming the radar target.
Step 3, inputting parameters to be calculated; the parameters to be calculated include radar system type, radar wave frequency f, incident angle theta and azimuth angle
Figure BDA00022075909000000413
Distance R between transmitting radar and target centerTDistance R between receiving radar and target centerRAnd Monte Carlo (MC) simulation times, target material types and related electromagnetic parameters under the sea surface model; the radar system types include single station and dual station.
Step 4, utilizing Ray Tracing (RT) to judge whether the surface element can be illuminated by the incident wave, and marking the surface element illuminated by the incident wave:
firstly, calculating the incident wave direction vector of each bin according to the set incident angle of radar waves
Figure BDA0002207590900000051
Corresponding scattered wave direction vector is
Figure BDA0002207590900000052
Ray Tracing (RT) is then used to determine the mutual occlusion between bins to determine if a single bin is illuminated;
Figure BDA0002207590900000054
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002207590900000055
a position vector representing the transmitting radar,a position vector representing the received radar is shown,
Figure BDA0002207590900000057
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000058
a vector representing the center point of the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure BDA0002207590900000059
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,indicating minesThe vector of the bin center point is reached.
For each ray, firstly judging whether the ray possibly intersects with each surface element in the target grid, if so, solving an intersection point and calculating the distance from the emission point to the intersection point; and after the distances from the intersection points corresponding to all the surface elements to the emission points are obtained, the shortest distance is obtained, and the intersection point corresponding to the shortest distance is the real intersection point of the ray and the target. As shown in FIG. 2, it is first determined whether bin A or B intersects a ray alone, and it can be seen that the ray intersects bin A, B and the intersection points are within the bin. But since bin a is closer to the emission point, the intersection of the ray with bin a is the true intersection because the ray at bin a has changed propagation direction due to reflection and cannot intersect with bin B any more.
Step 5, setting an approximate expression of the incident electric field:
modulus of incident electric field
Figure BDA00022075909000000511
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA00022075909000000512
where R is the distance from the point to the transmitting radar, k is the wave number, e is the natural base number, j represents the unit of imaginary number, RinRepresenting the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the bin, RTFor transmitting the distance between the radar and the center of the target, the incident wave direction vector of each surface element
Figure BDA00022075909000000513
Figure BDA00022075909000000514
Is the position vector of a point on the bin.
For each triangular surface element marked as illuminated, calculating its surface magnetic field from the incident electric field, the surface magnetic field being
Figure BDA00022075909000000515
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA00022075909000000516
where η is the wave impedance and the incident wave direction vector of each bin
Figure BDA00022075909000000518
Is the incident electric field.
And 6, calculating the surface current and magnetic current of each triangular surface element marked to be illuminated:
Figure BDA0002207590900000061
Figure BDA0002207590900000062
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002207590900000063
to be the induced current density vector,in order to induce a magnetic flux density vector,
Figure BDA0002207590900000015
is a unit normal vector of the incident surface;
Figure BDA0002207590900000066
the incident electric field corresponding to the triangular bin,the surface magnetic field of the corresponding triangular surface element.
Step 7, solving the scattered field caused by each triangular surface element marked as illumination
Figure BDA0002207590900000068
Figure BDA0002207590900000069
Where ω is angular frequency, μ is permeability, η is wave impedance, e is a natural base number, k is wave number, j is an imaginary unit, Δ represents an integration region, r is an integral valuesnThe distance between the center of the triangular surface element and the scattering center, J is the surface induced current of the triangular surface element,
Figure BDA00022075909000000610
is a surface induced magnetic current of a triangular surface element,
Figure BDA00022075909000000611
is the scattered wave vector of the triangular bin,
Figure BDA00022075909000000612
is the scattering bin position vector and d Δ is the differential bin.
Step 8, all scattered fields marked as illuminated triangular binsAfter all solutions are completed, adding all the solutions according to a vector superposition principle to obtain a total scattered field:
Figure BDA00022075909000000614
step 9, obtaining the RCS value sigma of the radar target under the near field condition according to the formula (4)0And outputting a result, so far, finishing the program execution:
Figure BDA00022075909000000615
in the formula, rs0Representing the distance between the receiving radar and the center of the target, ri0Representing the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the target, Es0Powder medicineThe amplitude of the electric field of the beam,
Figure BDA00022075909000000616
Ei0which represents the magnitude of the incident electric field,
Figure BDA00022075909000000617
example 2
The simulation method provided in example 1 was tested: fig. 4 provides a model of a ship, which has a bounding box length of 135m, a width of 16m and a height of 25m, and which is subjected to the following simulation test: the working mode of the single-station radar is 300MHz, the incidence angle range is 45-90 degrees, the azimuth angle range is 0-360 degrees, and the distances from the radar to the target center are respectively 1km (the simulation result is labeled RCS-1km) and 10km (the simulation result is labeled RCS-10 km).
Comparative example: the distances from the radar to the target center are respectively 1km and 10km, a conventional far-field scattering simulation test is adopted, and the far-field simulated scattering result is marked as RCS-ff.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-large-scale target is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, importing a model file in an STL format, and reading coordinate information and surface element normal information of each triangular surface element forming a radar target;
step 2, inputting parameters to be calculated;
step 3, judging whether the surface element is illuminated by incident waves or not, and marking the surface element illuminated by the incident waves;
and 4, calculating the surface current and magnetic current of each triangular surface element marked to be illuminated:
Figure FDA0002207590890000012
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002207590890000013
to be the induced current density vector,
Figure FDA0002207590890000014
in order to induce a magnetic flux density vector,
Figure FDA0002207590890000015
is the unit normal vector of the plane of incidence,
Figure FDA0002207590890000016
the incident electric field corresponding to the triangular bin,
Figure FDA0002207590890000017
a surface magnetic field corresponding to the triangular surface element;
step 5, solving the scattered field caused by each triangular surface element marked as illumination
Figure FDA0002207590890000018
Figure FDA0002207590890000019
Where ω is angular frequency, μ is permeability, η is wave impedance, e is a natural base number, k is wave number, j is an imaginary unit, Δ represents an integration region, r is an integral valuesnThe distance of the center of the triangular bin from the scattering center,
Figure FDA00022075908900000110
the current is induced in the surface of the triangular bin,is a surface induced magnetic current of a triangular surface element,
Figure FDA00022075908900000112
is the scattered wave vector of the triangular bin,
Figure FDA00022075908900000113
is the scattering bin position vector and d Δ is the differential bin.
Step 6, all scattered fields marked as illuminated triangular bins
Figure FDA00022075908900000114
After all solutions are completed, adding all the solutions according to a vector superposition principle to obtain a total scattered field:
Figure FDA00022075908900000115
step 7, obtaining the RCS value sigma of the radar target under the near field condition according to the formula (4)0And outputting the result:
Figure FDA00022075908900000116
in the formula, rs0Representing the distance between the receiving radar and the center of the target, ri0Representing the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the target, Es0Which represents the magnitude of the scattered electric field,
Figure FDA00022075908900000117
Ei0which represents the magnitude of the incident electric field,
Figure FDA00022075908900000118
2. the method for simulating near-field electromagnetic scattering of an ultra-large-scale target according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the parameters to be calculated include radar system type, radar wave frequency f, incident angle θ, azimuth angle
Figure FDA00022075908900000119
Distance R between transmitting radar and target centerTDistance R between receiving radar and target centerRAnd Monte Carlo simulation times, target material types and related electromagnetic parameters under the sea surface model; the radar system types include single station and dual station.
3. A near-field electromagnetic scattering simulation method for an ultra-large scale target according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, ray tracing is used to determine whether the surface element is illuminated by the incident wave, and the illuminated surface element is marked.
4. The method for simulating near-field electromagnetic scattering of an ultra-large-scale target according to claim 3, wherein the incident wave direction vector of each bin is calculated according to the set incident angle of radar wave
Figure FDA0002207590890000021
Corresponding scattered wave direction vector is
Figure FDA0002207590890000022
Then judging mutual occlusion between the surface elements by utilizing ray tracing so as to determine whether a single surface element is illuminated;
Figure FDA0002207590890000023
Figure FDA0002207590890000024
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,a position vector representing the transmitting radar,
Figure FDA0002207590890000026
a position vector representing the received radar is shown,
Figure FDA0002207590890000027
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure FDA0002207590890000028
a vector representing the center point of the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure FDA0002207590890000029
a vector representing the point on the emitting radar to the bin,
Figure FDA00022075908900000210
a vector representing the center point of the transmitting radar to the bin.
5. The method for simulating near-field electromagnetic scattering of an ultra-large-scale target according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the incident electric field is applied
Figure FDA00022075908900000211
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA00022075908900000212
where R is the distance from the point to the transmitting radar, k is the wave number, e is the natural base number, j represents the unit of imaginary number, RinRepresenting the distance between the transmitting radar and the center of the bin, RTBetween transmitting radar and target centreDistance, incident wave direction vector of each bin
Figure FDA00022075908900000213
Is the position vector of a point on the bin.
6. The method for simulating near-field electromagnetic scattering of an ultra-large-scale target according to claim 1 or 5, wherein in the step 5, the surface magnetic field is
Figure FDA00022075908900000215
Wherein eta is the wave impedance,for the incident wave direction vector of each bin,
Figure FDA00022075908900000217
is the incident electric field.
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CN112150599A (en) * 2020-09-27 2020-12-29 南昌航空大学 Method for correcting external normal of STL file
CN113158485A (en) * 2021-05-07 2021-07-23 电子科技大学 Electromagnetic scattering simulation method for electrically large-size target under near-field condition
CN113158485B (en) * 2021-05-07 2022-11-22 电子科技大学 Electromagnetic scattering simulation method for electrically large-size target under near-field condition
CN116754847A (en) * 2023-06-07 2023-09-15 中国人民解放军91977部队 Method and device for estimating electromagnetic scattering intensity of far-region of sea surface composite target
CN116754847B (en) * 2023-06-07 2024-01-23 中国人民解放军91977部队 Method and device for estimating electromagnetic scattering intensity of far-region of sea surface composite target

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