CN117706490A - Method for modeling coupling scattering center between metal targets based on single-station radar - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for modeling a coupling scattering center between metal targets based on a single-station radar, which comprises the following steps: firstly, geometrically modeling the whole object by using computer simulation software, decomposing and splitting components of the object, numbering different components and surface elements in sequence, and carrying out shielding judgment and ray tracing on all the surface elements by using a bouncing ray method; classifying the rays according to the bouncing times and paths of the rays, solving the equivalent points of each ray according to the Fourier transformation relation between the target echo and the shape function by using the principle of phase equivalence, and obtaining the distribution of the equivalent points; then calculating the projection sizes of equivalent points in each set in the distance direction and the azimuth direction, and establishing the type of a scattering center; and finally, respectively establishing relevant parameters of the position, the amplitude, the length and the frequency factor according to the type of the scattering center to obtain an attribute scattering center model. The method has the advantages of high calculation process efficiency, concise model description and high accuracy of the established coupling scattering center model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic calculation, and particularly relates to a method for modeling a coupling scattering center between metal targets based on a single-station radar.
Background
Since the fifth sixty of the last century, radar target scattering center models have attracted considerable attention as radar identification systems have evolved. The methods of constructing scattering center models can be generally divided into two categories: the method is a reverse method based on parameter estimation, is not limited by the target and the radar resolution, but the parameter estimation method is low in precision and consumes huge computing resources; the other type is a forward method based on a target geometric model, reflects fine physical information such as the shape and the size of the target, can approach the real target more accurately, and is more efficient.
The attribute scattering center model contains the dependence of the scattering field of the target on frequency and azimuth angle, has definite physical significance, and can explain the shape, the gesture and the position information of the target. In recent years, various methods of modeling the attribute scattering center have been proposed. Document 1 (h.kang, l.xu, h.zhao, j.li, q.guo and j.zhang, "A Robust Scattering Center Extraction Method and Its Application in In ISAR Imaging," in IEEE Sensors Journal, vol.23, no. 21, pp. 26302-26310, 1 nov.1, 2023.) proposes a scattering center extraction method based on distance-azimuth profile reconstruction, but the algorithm is a reverse method, requiring higher calculation time cost, limiting the application in extraction of target coupled scattering centers. Document 2 (k.huang, s. -y.he, y. -h.zhang, h. -c. Yin, z. -d.bian and g. -q.zhu, "Composite Scattering Analysis of the Ship on a Rough Surface Based on the Forward Parametric Scattering Center Modeling Method," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 2493-2497, dec.2019.) proposes a forward modeling method for extracting scattering centers from a target roughened surface combined model, which acquires target scattering center model parameters from a CAD model, but adopts the principle of optical path difference equivalence when processing coupled scattering centers, and requires multiple ray propagation path equivalence when processing more complex targets, and reduces the computational efficiency. Patent CN110083915A discloses a forward automatic modeling method for a radar target scattering center in a high-frequency region, and the forward automatic calculation of the scattering center attribute parameters has clear corresponding relation with a target structure, so that the method is more beneficial to target identification. However, this method is not suitable for this type of target because of its low accuracy in processing targets with strongly coupled scattering centers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for modeling the coupling scattering center between metal targets based on single-station radar, which has the advantages of high model description accuracy, high calculation process efficiency, accurate position and simple model description.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for modeling a coupling scattering center between metal targets based on a single-station radar comprises the following steps:
step 1, geometrically modeling the whole object by using computer simulation software, then decomposing and splitting the component of the object by taking a normal vector of the surface element and discontinuity of the surface element as the basis, numbering different components and surface elements in sequence, and carrying out shielding judgment and ray tracing on all the surface elements by using a bouncing ray method;
step 2, classifying rays according to the bouncing times and paths of the rays, solving equivalent points of each ray according to Fourier transformation relation between the target echo and the shape function by using a phase equivalent principle, and obtaining the distribution of the equivalent points;
step 3, calculating the projection sizes of equivalent points in each set in the distance direction and the azimuth direction, and establishing the type of the scattering center;
and 4, respectively establishing relevant parameters of the position, the amplitude, the length and the frequency factor according to the type of the scattering center to obtain an attribute scattering center model, and realizing target attribute feature extraction.
In step 1, the whole object is geometrically modeled by using computer simulation software, then the object is decomposed and split by taking the normal vector of the surface element and the discontinuity of the surface element as the basis, different parts and surface elements are numbered in sequence, and all the surface elements are subjected to shielding judgment and ray tracing by using a bouncing ray method, which is specifically as follows:
step 1.1, setting a plurality of surfaces with different scattering mechanisms of all targets, and geometrically modeling the whole target by using computer simulation software;
step 1.2, decomposing a part of the target, and numbering each surface in sequence;
step 1.3, dividing all the faces into triangular surface elements, and numbering all the triangular surface elements and points;
step 1.4, shielding judgment is carried out on all the surface elements by using a bouncing ray method;
and 1.5, carrying out ray tracing on each triangular surface element in sequence.
Further, in step 1.2, the target is subjected to component decomposition, following the following principles:
(1) Decomposing the target to obtain a set of all entity parts;
(2) Taking abrupt change of normal vector of the target surface as a basis to decompose the component;
(3) The scattering mechanism of each part of the split target is clear, and one part does not have multiple scattering mechanisms.
Further, in step 1.3, all the faces are split into triangle surface elements, and all the triangle surface elements and points are numbered as follows:
dividing all the faces into triangular surface elements, wherein the side length of the triangular surface elements is not less than，/>In order to makeAnd solving the wavelength used in the amplitude of the scattering center by using a physical optical method, numbering all triangular surface elements and points, and recording the part number of each triangular surface element, the numbers of three vertexes of each triangular surface element and the three-dimensional coordinates of each vertex.
Further, in step 1.5, ray tracing is performed on each triangle surface element in sequence, which is specifically as follows:
step 1.5.1 determining an incident ray according to the radar incident directionWherein->And->Respectively a pitch angle and an azimuth angle of the radar incidence direction under a spherical coordinate system;
step 1.5.2 incident rays for each triangle binThe first reflection point of the triangle is the geometric center of the triangle surface element contacted by the ray for the first time, and the reflected ray in the first reflection direction is calculated according to the geometric optics principle;
step 1.5.3, judging whether the reflected ray and other triangle surface elements have intersection points: if the intersection point exists, recording the part number of the triangle surface element and the number of the triangle surface element, calculating the direction of the next reflection, and entering a step 1.5.4; if the intersection point does not exist, directly entering the step 1.5.5;
step 1.5.4, judging whether the ejection times of the same incident ray are more than 6 times: if not more than 6 times, returning to the step 1.5.3; if more than 6 times, discard the ray traced this time, and jump to analysis of the next ray;
and 1.5.5, judging whether the included angle between the last reflection direction and the radar incidence direction is larger than 90 degrees, if not smaller than 90 degrees, discarding the ray traced at the time, jumping to analysis of the next ray, and if smaller than 90 degrees, considering the ray to be effective.
Further, in step 2, the rays are classified according to the bouncing times and paths of the rays, and the equivalent points of each ray are solved by using the principle of phase equivalence according to the fourier transform relationship between the target echo and the shape function, so as to obtain the distribution of the equivalent points, which is specifically as follows:
step 2.1, respectively solving equivalent points which can generate the same electric field contribution with the ray bounced for multiple times according to the bounced times of the ray, wherein if the bounced times are 1, the geometric center of the triangle surface element is the equivalent point; if the bounce times is greater than 1, solving the equivalent point of each ray according to the principle of phase equivalence, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
according to the high frequency approximation method, the far field fringe field generated by the induced current is expressed as:
(1)
wherein,representing ray-generated far-field scatter fields; />Representing imaginary units; />Representing wave numbers; />Representing a field point location vector in far field computation; />Representing the source point position vector, ">Representing the angular frequency of the incident wave; />Representing the amplitude of the incident wave; />And->The normal unit vector and the tangential unit vector of the surface element contacted by the ray for the last time are respectively represented; />Represents permeability in vacuum; />Representing the phase term due to multiple reflections of the radiation, < >>Represents the ∈th of the bar ray>Secondary reflection (S)>Indicating total reflection times, +.>Representing the incident plane wave vector,/->Indicate->Reflected wave vector after the sub-contact bin, < >>Reflected wave vector representing last contact surface source, < >>Is ray and->A position vector of the intersection of the secondary contact bins; />Representation threeA vigrling function;
step 2.2, in the inverse aperture radar imaging, the radar echo of multiple catapulting is regarded as a Fourier transform form of a shape function:
(2)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs a shape function of the ray; concerning wave vectors of echoes obtained by sweeping anglesIs a two-dimensional Fourier transform of (2) to obtain a shape function, and has +/for single-station signals>The radar echo is rewritten as:
(3)
wherein the method comprises the steps of=/>；/>A position vector representing an equivalent point;
step 2.3, respectively making radar incident directionAnd->Rotating an angle of 0.001 DEG, the last reflected wave vectors are +.>And->；/>、/>And->A group of bases constituting a three-dimensional space, so +.>With only one solution, the contact point and the direction ejected in the middle of the target are not changed, the equivalent point position is unchanged, and the following equation set is solved to obtain：
(4)
Further, in step 3, the projection sizes of the equivalent points in each set in the distance direction and the azimuth direction are calculated, and the scattering center type is established, specifically as follows:
step 3.1, according to attribute scattering center theory, total scattering field of the targetExpressed as:
(5)
wherein,indicate->The magnitude of the individual scattering centers; />Represents radar frequency, < >>Representing the radar center frequency; />Representing a frequency dependent factor->Representing the dependency of azimuth angle +.>；/>Indicate->The length of the individual scattering centers; />Representing the propagation velocity of the representative wave in vacuum; />Representing the center azimuth of the radar; />Indicate->The location of the individual scattering centers;
step 3.2, traversing all rays in each set, respectively calculating projections of equivalent points in the set in azimuth directions and obtaining maximum and minimum values of the projectionsAnd->The projection length of the set in azimuth direction is +.>=；
Step 3.3, setting a decision threshold in the azimuth directionWhen-></>When the scattering center model corresponds to a local scattering center, < ->Representing the dependence of scattering amplitude and azimuth angle of the local scattering center;
when (when) When the scattering center model corresponds to the distributed scattering center, the dependence of the scattering center model on the azimuth angle is represented by the scattering center length +.>And tilt angle->Characterization.
Further, in step 4, according to the type of the scattering center, relevant parameters of position, amplitude, length and frequency factor are respectively established to obtain an attribute scattering center model, and extraction of target attribute features is achieved, specifically as follows:
step 4.1, length of local scattering centerFrequency dependent factor->All 0, position->And amplitude->Is calculated from the following formula:
(6)
wherein,representing the position of equivalent points in the set, +.>Representing the magnitude of equivalent points in the set, +.>；
Step 4.2, calculating projections of equivalent points in the set in the distance direction and obtaining maximum and minimum values of the projections respectively, wherein the length of the distributed scattering center in the azimuth direction is not 0 and the projections depend on the azimuth angle and rays in the setAndthe projection of the set in the distance direction is +.>=/>；
Step 4.3, setting a threshold value for distance upWhen-></>When (I)>=/>Frequency dependent factor->The values of (2) are as follows: when the equivalent point distribution is curved, +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the equivalent point distribution is straight or hyperboloid, < >>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the equivalent point distribution is cylindrical, +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the equivalent point distribution is planar, +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Position->And amplitude->The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(7)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofAnd->The positions of the two points of minimum and maximum projection in azimuth;
when (when)>/>When the scattered field is:
(8)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the integration area +.>Representing the amplitude function at the integrated, +.>Representation dot->The included angle between the scattering direction and the radar incidence direction, the scattered field is written as a fractional integral:
(9)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresentation->At->N-th derivative of>Two endpoints of the integral area in azimuth;
due to<<1, only get->In one aspect, the fringe field is reduced to:
(10)
the scattering center of the collection is equivalent to two pointsAnd->Length->、/>Frequency dependent factor->、/>All 0, position->、/>And an amplitude of +.>、/>The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(11)
wherein,and->Coordinates of two endpoints of the integration region respectively; />And->Is the fringe field amplitude of the corresponding endpoint.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) Considering the coupling scattering centers among the targets, the description of the model is more accurate; (2) Solving the equivalent points by a phase equivalent method, so that the calculation process is more efficient and the position is more accurate; (3) And the scattering centers are classified according to the point cloud of the equivalent points, so that the description of the model is simpler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for modeling coupled scattering centers between metallic targets based on a single-station radar of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the geometry of the SLICY model in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded geometry of the SLICY model in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a ray tracing process in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a local scattering center in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a distributed scattering center when the distance projection is less than a threshold in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a distributed scattering center when the distance projection is greater than a threshold in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a scattering center of the SLICY model in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an ISAR model coupled scattering center in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
With reference to a flowchart shown in fig. 1, the modeling method of the coupling scattering center between metal targets based on the single-station radar comprises the following steps:
step 1, geometrically modeling the whole object by using computer simulation software, then decomposing and splitting the component of the object by taking a normal vector of the surface element and discontinuity of the surface element as the basis, numbering different components and surface elements in sequence, and carrying out shielding judgment and ray tracing on all the surface elements by using a bouncing ray method;
step 2, classifying rays according to the bouncing times and paths of the rays, solving equivalent points of each ray according to Fourier transformation relation between the target echo and the shape function by using a phase equivalent principle, and obtaining the distribution of the equivalent points;
step 3, calculating the projection sizes of equivalent points in each set in the distance direction and the azimuth direction, and establishing the type of the scattering center;
and 4, respectively establishing relevant parameters of the position, the amplitude, the length and the frequency factor according to the type of the scattering center to obtain an attribute scattering center model, and realizing target attribute feature extraction.
As a specific example, in step 1, the whole target is geometrically modeled by using computer simulation software, then the target is decomposed and split by taking the normal vector of the surface element and the discontinuity of the surface element as the basis, different components and the surface element are numbered in sequence, shielding judgment and ray tracing are performed on all the surface elements by using a bouncing ray method, the size of the SLICY model is shown as figure 2, the included angles of the opposite angles and the length of each side of the model are marked in the figure respectively, the different components of the SLICY model are numbered as 1-15 respectively in combination with the figure 3, and only the bright area component under the incidence of plane waves is marked, and the invention is described by using a Sandia Laboratories Implementation of Cylinders (SLICY) model, which is specifically as follows:
step 1.1, setting a plurality of surfaces with different scattering mechanisms of all targets, and geometrically modeling the whole target by using computer simulation software;
step 1.2, decomposing a part of the target, and numbering each surface in sequence;
step 1.3, dividing all the faces into triangular surface elements, and numbering all the triangular surface elements and points;
step 1.4, shielding judgment is carried out on all the surface elements by using a bouncing ray method;
and 1.5, carrying out ray tracing on each triangular surface element in sequence.
As a specific example, in step 1.2, when the target is decomposed in parts, the following principle needs to be followed:
(1) Decomposing the target to obtain a set of all entity parts;
(2) Taking abrupt change of normal vector of the target surface as a basis to decompose the component;
(3) Ensuring that the scattering mechanism of the individual components of the split target is sufficiently simple that there are no multiple scattering mechanisms present in one component.
As a specific example, in step 1.3, all the faces are subdivided into triangular bins, and all the triangular bins and points are numbered as follows:
dividing all the faces into triangular surface elements, wherein the side length of the triangular surface elements is not less than，/>To solve for the wavelength used in the scattering center amplitude using physical optics, all triangle bins and points are numbered and the part number of each triangle bin, the three vertex numbers of each triangle bin and the three-dimensional coordinates of each vertex are recorded.
As a specific example, in step 1.5, each triangle is followed in turn by ray tracing, in conjunction with FIG. 4, whereRepresenting the incident plane wave vector,/->Reflection wave vector representing four reflections, +.>The intersection of four bins is represented as follows:
step 1.5.1 determining an incident ray according to the radar incident directionWherein->And->Respectively a pitch angle and an azimuth angle of the radar incidence direction under a spherical coordinate system;
step 1.5.2 incident rays for each triangle binThe first reflection point of the triangle is the geometric center of the triangle surface element contacted by the ray for the first time, and the reflected ray in the first reflection direction is calculated according to the geometric optics principle;
step 1.5.3, judging whether the reflected ray and other triangle surface elements have intersection points: if the intersection point exists, recording the part number of the triangle surface element and the number of the triangle surface element, calculating the direction of the next reflection, and entering a step 1.5.4; if the intersection point does not exist, directly entering the step 1.5.5;
step 1.5.4, judging whether the ejection times of the same incident ray are more than 6 times: if not more than 6 times, returning to the step 1.5.3; if more than 6 times, discard the ray traced this time, and jump to analysis of the next ray;
and 1.5.5, judging whether the included angle between the last reflection direction and the radar incidence direction is larger than 90 degrees, if not smaller than 90 degrees, discarding the ray traced at the time, jumping to analysis of the next ray, and if smaller than 90 degrees, considering the ray to be effective.
As a specific example, in step 2, the rays are classified according to the number of bounces and paths of the rays, and according to the fourier transform relationship between the target echo and the shape function, the equivalent points of each ray are solved by using the principle of phase equivalence, so as to obtain the distribution of the equivalent points, which is specifically as follows:
step 2.1, respectively solving equivalent points which can generate the same electric field contribution with the ray bounced for multiple times according to the bounced times of the ray, wherein if the bounced times are 1, the geometric center of the triangle surface element is the equivalent point; if the bounce times is greater than 1, solving the equivalent point of each ray according to the principle of phase equivalence, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
according to the high frequency approximation method, the far field fringe field generated by the induced current can be expressed as:
(1)
wherein,representing ray-generated far-field scatter fields; />Representing imaginary units; />Representing wave numbers; />Representing a field point location vector in far field computation; />Representing the source point position vector, ">Representing the angular frequency of the incident wave; />Representing the amplitude of the incident wave; />And->The normal unit vector and the tangential unit vector of the surface element contacted by the ray for the last time are respectively represented; />Represents permeability in vacuum; />Representing the phase term due to multiple reflections of the radiation, < >>Represents the ∈th of the bar ray>Secondary reflection (S)>Indicating total reflection times, +.>Representing the incident plane wave vector,/->Indicate->Reflected wave vector after the sub-contact bin, < >>Reflected wave vector representing last contact surface source, < >>Is ray and->A position vector of the intersection of the secondary contact bins; />Representing a three-dimensional green's function;
step 2.2, in inverse aperture radar imaging, the radar echoes of multiple shots can be regarded as fourier transform versions of their shape functions:
(2)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs a shape function of the ray; concerning wave vectors of echoes obtained by sweeping anglesIs a two-dimensional Fourier transform of (2) to obtain a shape function, and has +/for single-station signals>The radar echo is rewritten as:
(3)
wherein the method comprises the steps of=/>；/>A position vector representing an equivalent point;
step 2.3, respectively making radar incident directionAnd->Rotating a very small angle, set to 0.001 DEG, the last reflected wave vectors are +.>And->；/>、/>And->A group of bases constituting a three-dimensional space, so +.>There is only one solution, because the deflection angle is extremely small, it can be considered that the contact point and the direction ejected in the middle of the target are not changed, the equivalent point position is unchanged, and the following equation set can be solved to obtain +.>：
(4)
As a specific example, in step 3, the projection sizes of the equivalent points in each set in the distance direction and the azimuth direction are calculated, and the scattering center type is established, specifically as follows:
step 3.1, according to attribute scattering center theory, total scattering field of the targetCan be expressed as:
(5)
wherein,indicate->The magnitude of the individual scattering centers; />Represents radar frequency, < >>Representing the radar center frequency; />Representing a frequency dependent factor->Representing the dependency of azimuth angle +.>；/>Indicate->The length of the individual scattering centers; />Representing the propagation velocity of the representative wave in vacuum; />Representing the center azimuth of the radar; />Indicate->The location of the individual scattering centers;
step 3.2, traversing all rays in each set, calculating projections of equivalent points in the set in azimuth directions and obtaining maximum and minimum values of the projectionsAnd->The projected length of the set in azimuth is +.>=/>；
Step 3.3, setting a decision threshold in the azimuth directionWhen-></>When the scattering center model corresponds to a local scattering center, < ->Representing the dependence of scattering amplitude and azimuth angle of the local scattering center;
when (when) When the scattering center model corresponds to the distributed scattering center, the dependence of the scattering center model on the azimuth angle is represented by the scattering center length +.>And tilt angle->Characterization.
As a specific example, in step 4, according to the type of the scattering center, the relevant parameters of the position, the amplitude, the length and the frequency factor are respectively established, so as to obtain an attribute scattering center model, which is specifically as follows:
step 4.1, FIG. 5 shows the equivalent point lattice of the corner reflector portion in the SLICY model, the length of the local scattering centerFrequency dependent factor->All 0, position->And amplitude->Is calculated from the following formula:
(6)
wherein,representing the position of equivalent points in the set, +.>Representing the magnitude of equivalent points in the set, +.>；
Step 4.2, calculating projections of equivalent points in the set in the distance direction and obtaining maximum and minimum values of the projections respectively, wherein the length of the distributed scattering center in the azimuth direction is not 0 and the projections depend on the azimuth angle and rays in the setAndthe projection of the set in the distance direction is +.>=/>；
Step 4.3, setting a threshold value for distance upAs shown in FIG. 6, when-></>When (I)>=/>Frequency dependent factorThe values of (2) are as follows: when the equivalent point distribution is curved, +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the equivalent points are distributed as straight lines or hyperbolas,the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the equivalent point distribution is cylindrical, +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the equivalent point distribution is planar, +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Position->Sum amplitudeThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(7)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofAnd->The positions of the two points of minimum and maximum projection in azimuth;
as shown in fig. 7, when>/>When the scattered field is:
(8)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the integration area +.>Representing the amplitude function at the integrated, +.>Representation dot->The included angle between the scattering direction and the radar incidence direction, the scattered field is written as a fractional integral:
(9)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresentation->At->N-th derivative of>Two endpoints of the integral area in azimuth;
due to<<1, can take only->One of the time points, the scattered field can be simplified as:
(10)
the scattering center of the collection is equivalent to two pointsAnd->Length->、/>Frequency dependent factor->、/>All 0, position->、/>And an amplitude of +.>、/>The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(11)
wherein,and->Coordinates of two endpoints of the integration region respectively; />And->Is the fringe field amplitude of the corresponding endpoint.
Examples
Aiming at the problems of difficult modeling and low imaging precision of the coupling scattering centers among metal targets, the traditional scattering center model modeling method has long time and no wide applicability.
Taking the SLICY model as an example, the radar parameters in this embodiment are: radar center frequencyBandwidth of81 frequency points, radar pitch angle +.>Radar sweep angle width ∈ ->The number of scan angles is 51, and the polarization mode VV is polarized. Threshold value for distance upwards>And decision threshold in azimuth ∈>Taking 0.1 and 0.3 respectively, the scattering center modeling results and ISAR imaging results are shown in fig. 8 and 9 respectively, there are 5 coupling scattering centers and one specular scattering center: SC1 is the coupling scattering center generated between part 3 and part 4, ">，/>，,/>；/>SC2 is the coupling scattering center generated between part 7 and part 8, +.>，/>,/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SC3 is the coupling scattering center generated between the component 9 and the component 12,，/>，/>,/>，/>，，/>，/>，/>，/>，/>,the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SC4 is the coupling scattering center generated between part 9 and part 14, ">，/>，,/>，/>，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>,/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SC5 is a part 9, 10, 11Coupling scattering center generated between->，/>，/>，/>. The scattering center of the single reflection may be parameterized according to conventional property scattering center methods, SC6 being the scattering center generated by specular reflection of component 2,，/>，/>，/>. The ISAR imaging result is shown in fig. 9, and from the result, it can be seen that the scattering center model constructed by the method is identical to the actual model structure, and compared with the traditional method, the modeling accuracy of the target scattering center is higher.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for modeling a coupling scattering center between metal targets based on a single-station radar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, geometrically modeling the whole object by using computer simulation software, then decomposing and splitting the component of the object by taking a normal vector of the surface element and discontinuity of the surface element as the basis, numbering different components and surface elements in sequence, and carrying out shielding judgment and ray tracing on all the surface elements by using a bouncing ray method;
step 2, classifying rays according to the bouncing times and paths of the rays, solving equivalent points of each ray according to Fourier transformation relation between the target echo and the shape function by using a phase equivalent principle, and obtaining the distribution of the equivalent points;
step 3, calculating the projection sizes of equivalent points in each set in the distance direction and the azimuth direction, and establishing the type of the scattering center;
and 4, respectively establishing relevant parameters of the position, the amplitude, the length and the frequency factor according to the type of the scattering center to obtain an attribute scattering center model, and realizing target attribute feature extraction.
2. The modeling method of coupling scattering centers between metal targets based on single-station radar according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the computer simulation software is used to perform geometric modeling on the whole target, then the target is subjected to component decomposition and subdivision based on the normal vector of the surface element and the discontinuity of the surface element, different components and surface elements are numbered in sequence, and all the surface elements are subjected to shielding judgment and ray tracing by using a bouncing ray method, which is specifically as follows:
step 1.1, setting a plurality of surfaces with different scattering mechanisms of all targets, and geometrically modeling the whole target by using computer simulation software;
step 1.2, decomposing a part of the target, and numbering each surface in sequence;
step 1.3, dividing all the faces into triangular surface elements, and numbering all the triangular surface elements and points;
step 1.4, shielding judgment is carried out on all the surface elements by using a bouncing ray method;
and 1.5, carrying out ray tracing on each triangular surface element in sequence.
3. The method for modeling coupling scattering centers between metal targets based on single-station radar according to claim 2, wherein the targets are decomposed in step 1.2 by following the following principles:
(1) Decomposing the target to obtain a set of all entity parts;
(2) Taking abrupt change of normal vector of the target surface as a basis to decompose the component;
(3) The scattering mechanism of each part of the split target is clear, and one part does not have multiple scattering mechanisms.
4. A method for modeling a coupled scattering center between metallic targets based on a single-station radar as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step 1.3, all faces are subdivided into triangular face elements, and all triangular face elements and points are numbered as follows:
dividing all the faces into triangular surface elements, wherein the side length of the triangular surface elements is not less than，/>To solve for the wavelength used in the scattering center amplitude using physical optics, all triangle bins and points are numbered and the part number of each triangle bin, the three vertex numbers of each triangle bin and the three-dimensional coordinates of each vertex are recorded.
5. The modeling method of coupling scattering centers between metal targets based on single-station radar according to claim 4, wherein in step 1.5, ray tracing is performed on each triangular surface element in sequence, specifically as follows:
step 1.5.1 determining an incident ray according to the radar incident directionWherein->And->Respectively a pitch angle and an azimuth angle of the radar incidence direction under a spherical coordinate system;
step 1.5.2 incident rays for each triangle binThe first reflection point of the triangle is the geometric center of the triangle surface element contacted by the ray for the first time, and the reflected ray in the first reflection direction is calculated according to the geometric optics principle;
step 1.5.3, judging whether the reflected ray and other triangle surface elements have intersection points: if the intersection point exists, recording the part number of the triangle surface element and the number of the triangle surface element, calculating the direction of the next reflection, and entering a step 1.5.4; if the intersection point does not exist, directly entering the step 1.5.5;
step 1.5.4, judging whether the ejection times of the same incident ray are more than 6 times: if not more than 6 times, returning to the step 1.5.3; if more than 6 times, discard the ray traced this time, and jump to analysis of the next ray;
and 1.5.5, judging whether the included angle between the last reflection direction and the radar incidence direction is larger than 90 degrees, if not smaller than 90 degrees, discarding the ray traced at the time, jumping to analysis of the next ray, and if smaller than 90 degrees, considering the ray to be effective.
6. The modeling method of coupling scattering centers between metal targets based on single-station radar according to claim 5, wherein in step 2, rays are classified according to the number of bounces and paths of the rays, equivalent points of each ray are solved by using a principle of phase equivalence according to fourier transform relationship between target echoes and shape functions, and distribution of the equivalent points is obtained, specifically as follows:
step 2.1, respectively solving equivalent points which can generate the same electric field contribution with the ray bounced for multiple times according to the bounced times of the ray, wherein if the bounced times are 1, the geometric center of the triangle surface element is the equivalent point; if the bounce times is greater than 1, solving the equivalent point of each ray according to the principle of phase equivalence, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
according to the high frequency approximation method, the far field fringe field generated by the induced current is expressed as:
(1)
wherein,representing ray-generated far-field scatter fields; />Representing imaginary units; />Representing wave numbers; />Representing a field point location vector in far field computation; />Representing the source point position vector, ">Representing the angular frequency of the incident wave; />Representing the amplitude of the incident wave;and->The normal unit vector and the tangential unit vector of the surface element contacted by the ray for the last time are respectively represented; />Representing permeability in vacuum；/>Representing the phase term due to multiple reflections of the radiation, < >>Represents the ∈th of the bar ray>Secondary reflection (S)>Indicating total reflection times, +.>Representing the incident plane wave vector,/->Indicate->Reflected wave vector after the sub-contact bin, < >>Reflected wave vector representing last contact surface source, < >>Is ray and->A position vector of the intersection of the secondary contact bins; />Representing a three-dimensional green's function;
step 2.2, in the inverse aperture radar imaging, the radar echo of multiple catapulting is regarded as a Fourier transform form of a shape function:
(2)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofIs a shape function of the ray; for the echo obtained by sweeping the sweep angle, the wave vector is +.>Is a two-dimensional Fourier transform of (2) to obtain a shape function, and has +/for single-station signals>The radar echo is rewritten as:
(3)
wherein the method comprises the steps of=/>；/>A position vector representing an equivalent point;
step 2.3, respectively making radar incident directionAnd->Rotating an angle of 0.001 DEG, the last reflected wave vectors are +.>And->；/>、/>And->A group of bases constituting a three-dimensional space, so +.>With only one solution, the contact point and the direction ejected in the middle of the target are not changed, the equivalent point position is unchanged, and the following equation set is solved to obtain +.>：
(4)。
7. The method for modeling coupling scattering centers between metal targets based on single-station radar according to claim 6, wherein the projection size of equivalent points in each set in the distance direction and the azimuth direction is calculated in the step 3, and the type of the scattering centers is established, specifically as follows:
step 3.1, according to attribute scattering center theory, total scattering field of the targetExpressed as:
(5)
wherein,indicate->The magnitude of the individual scattering centers; />Represents radar frequency, < >>Representing the radar center frequency; />Representing a frequency dependent factor->Representing the dependency of azimuth angle +.>；/>Indicate->The length of the individual scattering centers; />Representing the propagation velocity of the representative wave in vacuum; />Representing the center azimuth of the radar; />Indicate->The location of the individual scattering centers;
step 3.2, traversing all rays in each set, respectively calculating projections of equivalent points in the set in azimuth directions and obtainingObtaining maximum and minimum values of projectionAnd->The projection length of the set in azimuth direction is +.>=；
Step 3.3, setting a decision threshold in the azimuth directionWhen-></>When the scattering center model corresponds to a local scattering center,representing the dependence of scattering amplitude and azimuth angle of the local scattering center;
when (when) When the scattering center model corresponds to the distributed scattering center, the dependence of the scattering center model on the azimuth angle is represented by the scattering center length +.>And tilt angle->Characterization.
8. The modeling method of coupling scattering centers between metal targets based on single-station radar according to claim 7, wherein in step 4, according to the type of the scattering centers, the relevant parameters of position, amplitude, length and frequency factor are respectively established to obtain an attribute scattering center model, and the target attribute feature extraction is realized, specifically as follows:
step 4.1, length of local scattering centerFrequency dependent factor->All 0, position->And amplitude->Is calculated from the following formula:
(6)
wherein,representing the position of equivalent points in the set, +.>Representing the magnitude of equivalent points in the set, +.>；
Step 4.2, calculating projections of equivalent points in the set in the distance direction and obtaining maximum and minimum values of the projections respectively, wherein the length of the distributed scattering center in the azimuth direction is not 0 and the projections depend on the azimuth angle and rays in the setAndthe projection of the set in the distance direction is +.>=/>；
Step 4.3, setting a threshold value for distance upWhen-></>When (I)>=/>Frequency dependent factor->The values of (2) are as follows: when the equivalent point distribution is curved, +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the equivalent point distribution is straight or hyperboloid, < >>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the equivalent point distribution is cylindrical, +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When equivalent isWhen the dot distribution is planar, < >>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Position->And amplitude->The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(7)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofAnd->The positions of the two points of minimum and maximum projection in azimuth;
when (when)>/>When the scattered field is:
(8)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the integration area +.>Representing the amplitude function at the integrated, +.>Representation points/>The included angle between the scattering direction and the radar incidence direction, the scattered field is written as a fractional integral:
(9)
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresentation->At->N-th derivative of>Two endpoints of the integral area in azimuth;
due to<<1, only get->In one aspect, the fringe field is reduced to:
(10)
the scattering center of the collection is equivalent to two pointsAnd->Length->、/>Frequency dependent factor->、/>All 0, position->、/>And an amplitude of +.>、/>The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
(11)
wherein,and->Coordinates of two endpoints of the integration region respectively; />And->Is the fringe field amplitude of the corresponding endpoint.
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