CN110701022A - Compressed air energy storage system capable of efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy and control method - Google Patents
Compressed air energy storage system capable of efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110701022A CN110701022A CN201911181103.1A CN201911181103A CN110701022A CN 110701022 A CN110701022 A CN 110701022A CN 201911181103 A CN201911181103 A CN 201911181103A CN 110701022 A CN110701022 A CN 110701022A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/002—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for driven by internal combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/006—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for driven by steam engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy and a control method thereof. By adopting the coupling system, low-grade heat energy is converted into high-grade heat energy for utilization, so that the high-efficiency utilization of the low-grade energy is realized, and meanwhile, due to the flexibility of the system, the wide-load operation of an energy storage system can be realized. In addition, the invention enables the exhaust of the expansion machine to be close to normal temperature by releasing the heat in the energy storage process, realizes the high-efficiency utilization of low-grade heat energy and further improves the energy utilization rate of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compressed air energy storage and the like, relates to a compressed air energy storage system, and particularly relates to a compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy and a control method thereof.
Background
The sustainable development of energy and environmental problems is the basis of national economic development, and the solution of the energy and environmental problems in the power industry is an important component for ensuring the sustainable development of the economy of China. The electric energy storage is one of key technologies for adjusting the energy structure of China, developing renewable energy sources on a large scale and improving energy safety, and the research of the large-scale energy storage technology has important theoretical and practical values.
The existing energy storage system has the characteristics of pumped storage, compressed air energy storage, fuel cells and the like, and the pumped storage and the compressed air energy storage have the characteristics of high energy storage density, high output power and the like, and are utilized on a large scale. However, the pumped storage power station has to build a dam, so that the water consumption is large and the ecology is damaged to a certain extent. The compressed air energy storage system does not consume water, basically has no influence on the ecological environment, has the advantages of low initial investment cost, high efficiency, no toxicity, long service life and the like, and has a great development prospect. In addition, the utilization rate of the current low-grade heat sources such as industrial waste heat is low, the renewable energy sources are low in volatility and intermittent utilization rate, and the working condition operation range of the compressed air energy storage system is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy and a control method thereof. By adopting the coupling system, low-grade heat energy is converted into high-grade heat energy, the high-efficiency utilization of the low-grade heat energy can be realized, and the system has the characteristics of energy conservation, high efficiency, strong applicability of renewable energy sources and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the technical purpose is as follows:
a compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy comprises a compressed air energy storage unit, wherein the compressed air energy storage unit comprises an energy storage compressor unit, an energy storage expansion unit, a high-pressure air storage chamber, a motor and a generator, a low-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage compressor unit is communicated with the atmosphere, a high-pressure air outlet pipeline of the energy storage compressor unit is communicated with an air inlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber, a high-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage expansion unit is communicated with an air outlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber, the motor unit is in transmission connection with a power input end of the energy storage compressor unit, and a power output end of the energy storage expansion unit is in transmission connection with the generator,
the system also comprises a low-grade heat energy input unit and a high-temperature heat energy utilization unit, wherein,
the low-grade heat energy input unit comprises a low-temperature heat storage device and a first heat exchanger, wherein the low-temperature heat storage device is provided with a heat storage material and a structure for introducing low-grade heat energy, the low-temperature heat storage device is further provided with a heat exchange coil, a hot side of the first heat exchanger is communicated with the heat exchange coil in the low-temperature heat storage device through a pipeline to form a low-temperature heat energy circulation loop, and a cold side of the first heat exchanger is arranged on a low-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage compressor unit;
the high-temperature heat energy utilization unit comprises a heat engine, a second heat exchanger, a high-temperature heat storage device and a heat engine side compression unit, wherein a high-pressure exhaust pipeline of the energy storage compression unit sequentially passes through a hot side of the second heat exchanger and a first heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat storage device and then is communicated with an air inlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber, a cold side of the second heat exchanger is arranged on a gas working medium intake pipeline of the heat engine, a first output shaft of the heat engine is in driving connection with the heat engine side compression unit, a second output shaft of the heat engine is in driving connection with the energy storage compression unit through a clutch, an air inlet of the heat engine side compression unit is communicated with the atmosphere, an air outlet of the heat engine side compression unit is communicated with the air inlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber through a second heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat storage device, and a communicating pipeline between the second heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat And an exhaust port of the high-pressure air storage chamber is communicated with a high-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage expansion unit through a third heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat storage device through a pipeline, and at least one control valve is arranged on an exhaust pipeline of the high-pressure air storage chamber.
In the system, a first heat exchanger is arranged in front of the energy storage compressor unit, the first heat exchanger exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage device, the low-temperature heat storage device introduces and stores low-grade heat energy, and the heat in a low-grade heat source is utilized by preheating air entering the energy storage compressor unit. Because the low-grade heat source is used for heating the inlet air entering the energy storage compressor unit, the temperature of the compressed air of the outlet gas of the energy storage compressor unit is also increased, and the low-grade heat energy is converted into high-grade heat energy for utilization.
In the system, the second heat exchanger is arranged on the gas working medium inlet pipeline of the heat engine, and the heat exchange is carried out with the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air discharged by the energy storage compressor unit, so that the inlet temperature of the gas working medium entering the heat engine is increased, a heat source is provided for the heat engine, and the temperature of the air stored in the high-pressure air storage chamber is reduced.
In the system, the heat engine drives the heat engine side compression unit, the heat engine side compression unit compresses air to the temperature near the high-temperature heat storage device and the pressure near the high-pressure air storage chamber, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air is stored in the high-pressure air storage chamber after being stored by the high-temperature heat storage device, so that more air is stored.
In the system, a clutch is arranged on a second output shaft of the heat engine, the clutch is connected with the energy storage compressor unit and the heat engine, and the change of the access load is realized by opening and closing the clutch.
In the system of the present invention, a pressure regulating valve is disposed on a communication pipe between the second heat exchange coil of the high temperature heat storage device and the air inlet of the high pressure air receiver, and is configured to regulate the pressure of the compressed air from the heat engine-side compressor unit.
Preferably, the heat engine is a gas turbine, a piston internal combustion engine, a rankine cycle heat engine or a stirling engine.
Preferably, the low-grade heat energy is from solar low-temperature heat storage, industrial waste heat or seasonal heat storage.
Preferably, the heat storage material in the low-temperature heat storage device and the high-temperature heat storage device is water, sand or soil.
Preferably, the energy storage compressor unit, the heat engine side compressor unit and the expansion unit are one or a combination of several of a piston type, a centrifugal type, an axial flow type, a screw type or a rotor type.
Preferably, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are one or a combination of a plurality of shell-and-tube type, plate-fin type, plate type, spiral tube type, sleeve type, plate-shell type, tube-fin type and heat pipe type.
Preferably, the electric energy of the motor is one or more of wind power generation, solar power generation and power grid combination.
Preferably, the energy storage compressor unit and the expansion unit are single-stage or multi-stage.
Preferably, the high-temperature heat storage device and the low-temperature heat storage device are used for double-tank indirect heat storage, packed bed heat storage or molten salt single-tank heat storage.
Preferably, the system comprises an energy storage operating mode and an energy release operating mode.
Further, when the system is in an energy storage working mode, the electric motor, the energy storage compressor unit, the heat engine and the heat engine side compressor unit are started, a control valve on an exhaust pipeline of the high-pressure air storage chamber is closed, low-grade heat energy in the low-temperature heat storage device is transmitted to inlet air of the energy storage compressor unit through the first heat exchanger, high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air exhausted by the energy storage compressor unit releases heat in the second heat exchanger to heat gas working media entering the heat engine, and then enters the high-temperature heat storage device to further release heat and then is stored in the high-pressure air storage chamber in a state close to normal temperature; and simultaneously, the heat engine drives the heat engine side compression unit, high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air discharged by the heat engine side compression unit enters the high-temperature heat storage device to release heat, and is stored in the high-pressure air storage chamber after the pressure regulating valve regulates the pressure.
Further, when the input power of the motor cannot meet the requirement, the clutch is closed, and the heat engine provides partial work for the energy storage compressor unit to meet the energy storage requirement.
Further, when the system is in an energy release mode, a control valve on an exhaust pipeline of the high-pressure air storage chamber is opened, the electric motor, the energy storage compressor unit, the heat engine and the heat engine side compressor unit are closed, and high-pressure compressed air in the high-pressure air storage chamber enters the high-temperature heat storage device to absorb heat and then is introduced into the expansion unit to expand and do work, so that the generator is driven to work and electric energy is output outwards.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a control method of the above system, when energy storage is required, starting the electric motor, the energy storage compressor unit, the heat engine, and the heat engine side compressor unit, closing the control valve on the exhaust pipe of the high-pressure air storage chamber, transmitting low-grade heat energy in the low-temperature heat storage device to the inlet air of the energy storage compressor unit through the first heat exchanger, releasing heat in the second heat exchanger by the high-temperature high-pressure compressed air discharged from the energy storage compressor unit to heat the gas working medium entering the heat engine, and then entering the high-temperature heat storage device to further release heat and store the heat in the high-pressure air storage chamber in a state close to normal temperature; and simultaneously, the heat engine drives the heat engine side compression unit, high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air discharged by the heat engine side compression unit enters the high-temperature heat storage device to release heat, and is stored in the high-pressure air storage chamber after the pressure regulating valve regulates the pressure.
Further, when the input power of the motor cannot meet the requirement, the clutch is closed, and the heat engine provides partial work for the energy storage compressor unit to meet the energy storage requirement.
Further, when energy is required to be released, a control valve on an exhaust pipeline of the high-pressure air storage chamber is opened, the electric motor, the energy storage compressor unit, the heat engine and the heat engine side compressor unit are closed, and high-pressure compressed air in the high-pressure air storage chamber enters the high-temperature heat storage device to absorb heat and then is introduced into the expansion unit to expand and do work to drive the generator to work and output electric energy to the outside.
The compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy has the working principle that:
during energy storage, air enters the energy storage compressor unit after absorbing low-grade heat energy in the first heat exchanger, and under the drive of unnecessary electric energy, air compression is to high temperature high pressure state, and the gas after being compressed is cooled down in the second heat exchanger, heats the gaseous working medium of heat engine simultaneously, and the air after the cooling cools down once more in high temperature heat storage device, finally saves in the high-pressure locker room with normal atmospheric temperature high pressure form. Meanwhile, the heated gas working medium enters the heat engine, the heat engine drives the heat engine side compression unit to compress air by the work done by the heat engine, the compressed high-temperature and high-pressure air enters the high-temperature heat storage device to release heat and then enters the high-pressure air storage chamber to be stored, and when the load needs to be changed, the heat engine provides partial work for the energy storage compression unit by closing the clutch, so that the external load is reduced. When releasing energy, the gas in the high-pressure gas storage chamber is heated by the high-temperature heat storage device and then is conveyed to the expansion machine set to expand to do work.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of a compressed air energy storage system, compressed air energy storage, waste heat utilization and a heat engine are combined, low-grade heat energy is added into air in front of an inlet of a compressor, low-grade energy utilization is achieved, compressed air energy storage and the heat engine are combined, energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved, and working range of the system is widened.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy of the present invention comprises a compressed air energy storage unit, wherein the compressed air energy storage unit comprises an energy storage compressor unit C1, an energy storage expansion unit 12, a high-pressure air storage chamber 10, an electric motor 3 and an electric generator 13, wherein a low-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage compressor unit C1 is communicated with the atmosphere, a high-pressure air outlet pipeline of the energy storage compressor unit C1 is communicated with an air inlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber 10, a high-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage expansion unit 12 is communicated with an air outlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber 10, the electric motor unit 3 is in transmission connection with a power input end of the energy storage compressor unit C1, and a power output end of. Preferably, the electric motor unit 3 is powered by one or more combinations of renewable energy sources such as wind power generation and solar power generation, an electric grid, and the like. The energy storage compressor train C1 may be a single stage or multi-stage compressor and the energy storage expander train 12 may be a single stage or multi-stage expander. The energy storage compressor unit C1 may be one or a combination of piston, centrifugal, axial flow, screw, or rotor compressors, and the energy storage expander unit 12 may be one of a piston, axial flow, centrifugal, screw, or hybrid expander.
In order to realize the high-efficiency utilization of the low-grade heat energy, the compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing the low-grade heat energy is also provided with a low-grade heat energy input unit and a high-temperature heat energy utilization unit.
Referring to fig. 1, the low-grade heat energy input unit comprises a low-temperature heat storage device TS1 and a first heat exchanger H1, wherein heat storage materials such as water, gravel, soil and the like are arranged in the low-temperature heat storage device TS1, and the low-grade heat energy is stored in a similar structural form such as double-tank indirect heat storage, packed bed heat storage, molten salt single-tank heat storage and the like, and is derived from solar low-temperature heat storage, industrial waste heat, cross-season heat storage and the like. The low-grade heat energy can be input into the low-temperature heat storage device TS1 in various ways, for example, the low-temperature heat storage device TS1 can be fed by a hot water coil, hot water is used as a carrier of the low-grade heat energy, the hot water exchanges heat with the heat storage material in the low-temperature heat storage device TS1 to transfer the heat to the heat storage material for heat storage, or the low-grade heat energy is input into the low-temperature heat storage device TS1 by other direct or indirect ways, which belong to the scope of the prior art. The low-temperature heat storage device TS1 is further provided with a heat exchange coil (not shown in the figure), a hot side of the first heat exchanger H1 and the heat exchange coil in the low-temperature heat storage device TS1 form a low-temperature heat energy circulation loop through a pipeline, a cold side of the first heat exchanger H1 is arranged on a low-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage compressor unit C1, low-grade heat energy accumulated in the low-temperature heat storage device TS1 is conveyed to the hot side of the first heat exchanger H1 through the low-temperature heat energy circulation loop, and air entering the energy storage compressor unit C1 through the cold side of the first heat exchanger H1 is heated, so that the low-grade heat energy is utilized.
Referring to fig. 1, the high temperature heat energy utilization unit includes a heat engine 6, a second heat exchanger H2, a high temperature heat storage device TS2 and a heat engine side compressor C2, wherein a high pressure exhaust line of the energy storage compressor C1 sequentially passes through a hot side of the second heat exchanger H2 and a first heat exchange coil of the high temperature heat storage device TS2 and then communicates with an air inlet of the high pressure air storage chamber 10, a cold side of the second heat exchanger H2 is disposed on a gas working medium intake line of the heat engine 6, a first output shaft of the heat engine 6 is drivingly connected to the heat engine side compressor C2, a second output shaft of the heat engine 6 is drivingly connected to the energy storage compressor C1 through a clutch 15, an air inlet of the heat engine side compressor C2 communicates with the atmosphere, an air outlet communicates with an air inlet of the high pressure air storage chamber 10 through a second heat exchange coil of the high temperature heat storage device TS2, and a communication pipe between the second heat exchange coil of the high temperature heat storage device TS2 and the air inlet of the, the air outlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber 10 is communicated with the high-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage expansion unit 12 through a third heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat storage device TS2 by a pipeline, and at least one control valve is arranged on the air outlet pipeline of the high-pressure air storage chamber 10. Similar to the low temperature heat storage device TS1, the high temperature heat storage device TS2 may also be made of a heat storage material such as water, sand, soil, etc., and may be configured to store high-grade high temperature heat energy by using a double-tank indirect heat storage, packed bed heat storage, molten salt single-tank heat storage, etc. The heat engine 6 may be a gas turbine, a reciprocating internal combustion engine, a rankine cycle heat engine, a stirling engine, or the like, which when operated, the working of the heat engine 6 is carried out by a gas working medium such as air, and the working efficiency of the whole heat engine can be improved by increasing the inlet temperature of the gas working medium, because the gas working medium inlet pipeline passes through the cold side of the second heat exchanger H2, and the hot side of the second heat exchanger H2 is introduced with the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air discharged from the energy storage compressor set C1, therefore, before entering the heat engine, the gas working medium of the heat engine 6 exchanges heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air discharged by the energy storage compressor unit C1 in the second heat exchanger H2, the inlet temperature of the gas working medium of the heat engine can be increased, a heat source is provided for the heat engine, and the temperature of the air stored in the subsequent high-pressure air storage chamber 10 is reduced. In addition, the heat engine 6 drives the heat engine-side compressor unit C2, the heat engine-side compressor unit C2 compresses air to the temperature in the vicinity of the high-temperature heat storage device TS2 and the pressure in the vicinity of the high-pressure air reservoir 10, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air is stored in the high-pressure air reservoir 10 after passing through the high-temperature heat storage device TS2, thereby achieving storage of more compressed air. Further, a second output shaft of the thermal engine 6 is in driving connection with the energy storage compressor unit C1 through the clutch 15, and the change of the load connected to the energy storage compressor unit C1 is realized through the opening and closing of the clutch 15. And at least a pressure regulating valve 9 is arranged on a communication pipeline between the second heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat storage device TS2 and the air inlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber 10 and used for regulating the pressure of the compressed air from the heat engine side compressor unit C2.
The compressed air energy storage system efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy comprises an energy storage working mode and an energy release working mode in the working process. When the whole system is in an energy storage working mode, air 1 absorbs low-grade heat energy in the first heat exchanger H1 and then enters the compressor unit C1 to be compressed, the compressed high-temperature high-pressure gas releases heat in the second heat exchanger H2 and then enters the high-temperature heat storage device TS2, and the high-temperature high-pressure air is cooled and then stored in the high-pressure air storage chamber 10 in a state close to normal temperature; meanwhile, the gas working medium of the heat engine 6 absorbs heat in the second heat exchanger H2 and then enters the heat engine 6 to participate in work, the heat engine 6 does work to drive the heat engine side compression unit C2, the air 7 is compressed in the heat engine side compression unit C2, and the compressed gas enters the high-temperature heat storage device TS2 to release heat, is subjected to pressure regulation by the pressure regulating valve 9 and then is stored in the high-pressure air storage chamber 10. When the input power (i.e., the external load) of the electric motor 3 is not large, the clutch 15 is closed, and the thermal engine 6 provides part of the work for the energy storage compressor unit C1 to meet the energy storage requirement.
When the whole system is in an energy release mode, high-pressure compressed air in the high-pressure air storage chamber 10 enters the high-temperature heat storage device TS2 to absorb heat and then enters the expansion unit 12 to expand and do work, and exhaust 14 of the expansion unit is communicated with the atmosphere.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, but rather, any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy comprises a compressed air energy storage unit, wherein the compressed air energy storage unit comprises an energy storage compressor unit, an energy storage expansion unit, a high-pressure air storage chamber, a motor and a generator, a low-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage compressor unit is communicated with the atmosphere, a high-pressure air outlet pipeline of the energy storage compressor unit is communicated with an air inlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber, a high-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage expansion unit is communicated with an air outlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber, the motor unit is in transmission connection with a power input end of the energy storage compressor unit, and a power output end of the energy storage expansion unit is in transmission connection with the generator,
the system also comprises a low-grade heat energy input unit and a high-temperature heat energy utilization unit, wherein,
the low-grade heat energy input unit comprises a low-temperature heat storage device and a first heat exchanger, wherein the low-temperature heat storage device is provided with a heat storage material and a structure for introducing low-grade heat energy, the low-temperature heat storage device is further provided with a heat exchange coil, a hot side of the first heat exchanger is communicated with the heat exchange coil in the low-temperature heat storage device through a pipeline to form a low-temperature heat energy circulation loop, and a cold side of the first heat exchanger is arranged on a low-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage compressor unit;
the high-temperature heat energy utilization unit comprises a heat engine, a second heat exchanger, a high-temperature heat storage device and a heat engine side compression unit, wherein a high-pressure exhaust pipeline of the energy storage compression unit sequentially passes through a hot side of the second heat exchanger and a first heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat storage device and then is communicated with an air inlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber, a cold side of the second heat exchanger is arranged on a gas working medium intake pipeline of the heat engine, a first output shaft of the heat engine is in driving connection with the heat engine side compression unit, a second output shaft of the heat engine is in driving connection with the energy storage compression unit through a clutch, an air inlet of the heat engine side compression unit is communicated with the atmosphere, an air outlet of the heat engine side compression unit is communicated with the air inlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber through a second heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat storage device, and a communicating pipeline between the second heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat And an exhaust port of the high-pressure air storage chamber is communicated with a high-pressure air inlet pipeline of the energy storage expansion unit through a third heat exchange coil of the high-temperature heat storage device through a pipeline, and at least one control valve is arranged on an exhaust pipeline of the high-pressure air storage chamber.
2. A compressed air energy storage system according to any preceding claim wherein the heat engine is a gas turbine, a reciprocating internal combustion engine, a rankine cycle heat engine or a stirling engine.
3. A compressed air energy storage system according to the preceding claim wherein the low grade heat energy is from solar cryogenic heat storage, industrial waste heat or off-season heat storage.
4. A compressed air energy storage system according to any preceding claim wherein the heat storage material in the low and high temperature heat storage devices is water, sand or soil.
5. A compressed air energy storage system according to any preceding claim wherein the energy storage compressor unit, heat engine side compressor unit, expander unit are one or a combination of piston, centrifugal, axial, screw or rotor type.
6. A compressed air energy storage system according to any preceding claim wherein the first and second heat exchangers are one or a combination of shell and tube, plate fin, plate, spiral tube, sleeve, plate shell, tube fin and heat pipe.
7. A compressed air energy storage system according to any preceding claim wherein the electrical energy from the electric motor is from one or more of wind power generation, solar power generation, electrical grid.
8. A compressed air energy storage system according to any preceding claim wherein the energy storage compressor and expander banks are single stage or multi-stage.
9. A compressed air energy storage system according to any preceding claim wherein the high and low temperature heat storage devices are dual tank indirect heat storage, packed bed heat storage or molten salt single tank heat storage.
10. A compressed air energy storage system according to any preceding claim wherein the system comprises an energy storage mode of operation and a release mode of operation.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| WO2024179834A1 (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2024-09-06 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Compressed gas energy storage and recovery system having a pressure control device |
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