CN111255720B - Temperature control variable working condition operation system based on heat accumulation type compressed air energy storage - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature control variable working condition operation system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage. The system adopts multi-temperature-zone heat storage to realize the requirements of the system on different temperatures, wherein low-temperature heat storage is derived from the cold quantity of air at the outlet of the expansion machine under the low-load operation, and medium-temperature heat storage is derived from the compression heat in the compression process. In addition, in order to improve the energy density, the output working condition range and the renewable energy utilization rate of the system, the system converts the fluctuating non-renewable energy into heat for storage and heats the inlet temperature of the turbine when needed. In the system, due to the cascade utilization of heat, the system efficiency can be improved under the condition of realizing the wide working condition operation of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of compressed air energy storage, cold accumulation and heat accumulation, renewable energy sources and the like, relates to an energy storage system, in particular to a temperature control variable working condition operation system based on heat accumulation type compressed air energy storage, and is an energy storage system capable of realizing wide working condition and high-efficiency operation of the system and improving the absorption of the renewable energy sources.
Background
The sustainable development of energy and environmental problems is the basis of national economic development, and the solution of the energy and environmental problems in the power industry is an important component for ensuring the sustainable development of the economy of China. The electric energy storage is one of key technologies for adjusting the energy structure of China, developing renewable energy sources on a large scale and improving energy safety, and the research of the large-scale energy storage technology has important theoretical and practical values.
The existing energy storage system has the characteristics of pumped storage, compressed air energy storage, fuel cell, flywheel energy storage and the like, and the pumped storage and the compressed air energy storage have high energy storage density, high output power and the like, and are considered to be capable of being used in a large scale. However, the pumped storage power station has to build a dam, so that the water consumption is large and the ecology is damaged to a certain extent. The compressed air energy storage system does not consume water, basically has no influence on the ecological environment, has the advantages of low initial investment cost, high efficiency, no toxicity, long service life and the like, and has a great development prospect. The current variable working condition adjusting means of the compressed air energy storage system mainly comprises means such as adjusting a guide vane/a diffuser of a compressor, adjusting a stator vane of an expander, and adjusting throttling/pressure of a valve. The variable working condition range of the system under the adjusting means of the guide vane/diffuser of the compressor and the fixed vane of the expander is limited, and the throttling/pressure adjusting of the valve can generate larger energy loss. Other adjustment approaches may also present technical or economic problems. In addition, renewable energy sources (such as wind energy, solar energy and the like) generally have strong intermittent and fluctuating problems, and the conventional compressed air energy storage system has limited absorption capacity on the renewable energy sources, and can only absorb the renewable energy sources under a certain fluctuation frequency and within a certain load fluctuation range.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a temperature control variable working condition operation system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage, which is a compressed air energy storage system capable of realizing high-efficiency wide working condition operation and absorbing renewable energy greatly. The system adopts multi-temperature-zone heat storage to realize the requirements of the system on different inlet temperatures of the compressor and the expander, wherein low-temperature heat storage is derived from the cold quantity of the air at the outlet of the expander under the low-load operation, and medium-temperature heat storage is derived from the compression heat in the compression process. In addition, in order to improve the energy density, the output working condition range and the renewable energy utilization rate of the system, the system converts the fluctuating non-renewable energy into heat for storage and heats the inlet temperature of the turbine when needed. Due to the gradient utilization of heat, the system can improve the system efficiency and improve the absorption capacity of renewable energy under the condition of realizing the wide working condition operation of the system, and has the characteristics of energy conservation, high efficiency and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the technical purpose is as follows:
a temperature control variable working condition operation system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage is disclosed, the system at least comprises a first compressor unit, a second compressor unit, a first expansion unit, a second expansion unit and an air storage device, the system is also at least provided with a low-temperature heat accumulator and a compression heat accumulator, and is characterized in that,
the first compressor unit comprises a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline which can be switched mutually, an air inlet of the first compressor unit is communicated with the atmosphere through the first air inlet pipeline and the second air inlet pipeline, a first low-temperature heat exchanger at a compression side is further arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the first compressor unit, a hot side of the first low-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the first compressor unit, a cold side of the first low-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side and the low-temperature heat accumulator form a low-temperature medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and the air inlet of the first compressor unit is cooled through the low-temperature heat accumulator;
the second compressor unit comprises a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline which can be switched mutually, an air inlet of the second compressor unit is communicated with an air outlet of the first compressor unit through the first air inlet pipeline and the second air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, a second low-temperature heat exchanger on the compression side is further arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, the hot side of the second low-temperature heat exchanger on the compression side is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, the cold side of the second low-temperature heat exchanger on the compression side and the low-temperature heat accumulator form a low-temperature medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and the air inlet of the second compressor unit is cooled through the low-temperature heat accumulator; a first middle temperature heat exchanger at the compression side is further arranged on a second air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, the hot side of the first middle temperature heat exchanger at the compression side is arranged on the second air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, the cold side of the first middle temperature heat exchanger at the compression side forms a heat transfer medium circulation loop with the compression heat accumulator through a pipeline, and the compression heat in the exhaust gas of the first compressor unit is transferred into the compression heat accumulator through the first middle temperature heat exchanger at the compression side;
the air storage device comprises a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline which can be switched mutually, an air inlet of the air storage device is communicated with an air outlet of the second compressor unit through the first air inlet pipeline and the second air inlet pipeline of the air storage device, a second middle-temperature heat exchanger at a compression side is further arranged on the second air inlet pipeline of the air storage device, a hot side of the second middle-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side is arranged on the second air inlet pipeline of the air storage device, a cold side of the second middle-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side forms a heat transfer medium circulation loop with the compression heat accumulator through a pipeline, and compression heat in exhaust air of the second compressor unit is transferred to the compression heat middle-temperature heat accumulator through the second middle-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side;
the air storage device further comprises a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline which can be switched mutually, an air outlet of the air storage device is communicated with an air inlet of the first expansion unit through the first exhaust pipeline and the second exhaust pipeline of the air storage device, an expansion side first intermediate-temperature heat exchanger is further arranged on the first exhaust pipeline of the air storage device, a cold side of the expansion side first intermediate-temperature heat exchanger is arranged on the first exhaust pipeline of the air storage device, a hot side of the expansion side first intermediate-temperature heat exchanger and the compression heat accumulator form a heat transfer medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and exhaust of the air storage device is heated through the compression heat accumulator;
the first expansion unit comprises a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline which can be switched mutually, an exhaust port of the first expansion unit is communicated with an air inlet of the second expansion unit through the first exhaust pipeline and the second exhaust pipeline of the first expansion unit, wherein the first exhaust pipeline of the first expansion unit is also provided with an expansion-side second medium-temperature heat exchanger, a cold side of the expansion-side second medium-temperature heat exchanger is arranged on the first exhaust pipeline of the first expansion unit, a hot side of the expansion-side second medium-temperature heat exchanger and the compression heat accumulator form a heat transfer medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and exhaust of the first expansion unit is heated through the compression heat accumulator; an expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger is further arranged on a second exhaust pipe line of the first expansion unit, a cold side of the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger is arranged on the second exhaust pipe line of the first expansion unit, a hot side of the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat accumulator form a low-temperature medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and cold in exhaust gas of the first expansion unit is conveyed to the low-temperature heat accumulator through the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger;
the second expander set comprises a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline which can be switched with each other, an exhaust port of the second expander set is communicated with the atmosphere through the first exhaust pipeline and the second exhaust pipeline, an expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger is further arranged on the second exhaust pipeline of the second expander set, a cold side of the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger is arranged on the second exhaust pipeline of the second expander set, a hot side of the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with the low-temperature heat accumulator through a pipeline to form a low-temperature medium circulation loop, and cold in exhaust of the second expander set is conveyed to the low-temperature heat accumulator through the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger.
Preferably, inlets of a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline of the first compressor unit are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of a first three-way switching valve, and an inlet of the first three-way switching valve is communicated with the atmosphere.
Preferably, inlets of a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of a second three-way switching valve, and an inlet of the second three-way switching valve is communicated with an exhaust port of the first compressor unit.
Preferably, the inlets of the first air inlet pipeline and the second air inlet pipeline of the air storage device are respectively communicated with the first outlet and the second outlet of a third three-way switching valve, and the inlet of the third three-way switching valve is communicated with the exhaust port of the second compressor unit.
Preferably, inlets of a first exhaust line and a second exhaust line of the gas storage device are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of a fourth three-way switching valve, and an inlet of the fourth three-way switching valve is communicated with an exhaust port of the gas storage device.
Preferably, inlets of the first exhaust line and the second exhaust line of the first expander set are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of a sixth three-way switching valve, and an inlet of the sixth three-way switching valve is communicated with an exhaust port of the first expander set.
Preferably, inlets of the first exhaust line and the second exhaust line of the second expander set are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of an eighth three-way switching valve, and an inlet of the eighth three-way switching valve is communicated with an exhaust port of the second expander set.
Preferably, the system is further provided with a renewable energy source heat accumulator, a heat accumulation medium is filled in the renewable energy source heat accumulator, the heat accumulation medium accumulates high-temperature heat converted from renewable energy sources, outlets of a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline of the gas storage device are communicated with an inlet of a fifth three-way switching valve, a first outlet of the fifth three-way switching valve is communicated with a gas inlet of the first expansion unit through a pipeline, and a second outlet of the fifth three-way switching valve is communicated with a gas inlet of the first expansion unit through a pipeline after passing through the renewable energy source heat accumulator.
Furthermore, outlets of a first exhaust line and a second exhaust line of the first expansion unit are both communicated with an inlet of a seventh three-way switching valve, a first outlet of the seventh three-way switching valve is communicated with an air inlet of the second expansion unit through a pipeline, and a second outlet of the seventh three-way switching valve is communicated with an air inlet of the second expansion unit after passing through the renewable energy heat accumulator through a pipeline.
Furthermore, a communicating pipeline between a second outlet of the fifth three-way switching valve and the renewable energy heat accumulator is also provided with a heat regenerator, and a cold side of the heat regenerator is arranged on the communicating pipeline; and a ninth three-way switching valve is further arranged on the first exhaust pipe line of the second expansion unit, an inlet of the ninth three-way switching valve is communicated with an outlet of the first exhaust pipe line of the second expansion unit, a first outlet of the ninth three-way switching valve is communicated with the atmosphere, a second outlet of the ninth three-way switching valve is communicated with a hot side inlet of the heat regenerator through a pipeline, and a hot side outlet of the heat regenerator is communicated with the atmosphere.
In the temperature control variable-working-condition operation system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage, the aim of adjusting the inlet temperature of each compressor unit and each expander unit is fulfilled by adopting multi-temperature-zone heat accumulation, so that the system can be operated under a large-amplitude variable working condition, and the temperature can be guaranteed in the operation process. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
a compression side low-temperature heat exchanger (a compression side first low-temperature heat exchanger, a compression side second low-temperature heat exchanger and the like) which forms a low-temperature medium circulation loop with a low-temperature heat accumulator is arranged on a first air inlet pipe line of each stage of compressor unit (a first compressor unit, a second compressor unit and the like) and is used for reducing the inlet air temperature of each stage of compressor unit, so that the low-load operation of each stage of compressor unit is realized.
The low-temperature heat source in the low-temperature heat accumulator is derived from the cold energy of low-temperature air at the outlet of the expansion machine during low-load operation in the energy release process (the expansion-side low-temperature heat exchangers such as the expansion-side first low-temperature heat exchanger and the expansion-side second low-temperature heat exchanger are respectively arranged on the second exhaust pipe lines of the expansion machine sets of each stage such as the first expansion machine set and the second expansion machine set, and the cold energy in the exhaust gas of the expansion machine sets of each stage is transmitted to the low-temperature heat accumulator through the low.
In addition, a compression-side intermediate-temperature heat exchanger (such as a compression-side first intermediate-temperature heat exchanger, a compression-side second intermediate-temperature heat exchanger, and the like) which forms a heat transfer medium circulation loop with the compression heat accumulator is arranged on a second air inlet line of each stage of compressor unit (such as a first compressor unit, a second compressor unit, and the like) and is used for absorbing compression heat in compressor exhaust and releasing the compression heat in an energy release stage for heating inlet air of the expansion machine (an expansion-side intermediate-temperature heat exchanger such as a first expansion-side first intermediate-temperature heat exchanger, a second expansion-side intermediate-temperature heat exchanger, and the like are respectively arranged on a first exhaust line of a component such as an air storage device, a first expansion unit, and the like, and the inlet air of each stage.
In addition, expansion side low-temperature heat exchangers (such as an expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger, an expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger and the like) are arranged at the outlets of the expanders of each stage, so that each expansion side low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat accumulator form a circulation loop, and the low-temperature heat accumulator is used for absorbing the cold energy at the outlet of the expander during low-load operation.
In addition, expansion side intermediate temperature heat exchangers (such as an expansion side first intermediate temperature heat exchanger, an expansion side second intermediate temperature heat exchanger and the like) are arranged at inlets of all stages of expansion machines, each expansion side intermediate temperature heat exchanger and the compression heat accumulator form a circulation loop, and the compression heat accumulator is used for heating the inlet temperature of the expansion machine, so that high and medium load operation of the expansion machine is realized. When the renewable energy heat accumulator is further arranged at the inlet of each stage of expander, the higher load operation of the expander can be realized through the inlet temperature of the expander.
In the temperature control variable working condition operation system based on the heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage, the inlets of all stages of compressors are provided with three-way valves for converting whether the air at the inlets of the compressors is cooled by a low-temperature heat exchanger or not so as to achieve the purpose of load conversion. The expander inlet is provided with a three-way valve for converting a heat exchanger through which air at the expander inlet passes, realizing different temperature intervals of the expander through different heat exchangers, and further realizing wide-range change of load by means of self adjustable stationary blades, adjustable diffusers, rotating speed adjustment and the like. When the inlet of the expansion machine is operated at high load, when the heat of renewable energy sources is adopted, the high-temperature air at the outlet of the expansion machine can be used for heat regeneration, and when the inlet of the expansion machine is operated at low load, the heat regenerator is bypassed through a three-way valve.
Preferably, the heat storage mode of each heat accumulator is one or more of multiple heat storage modes such as double-tank indirect heat storage, single-tank heat storage, packed bed heat storage, spray bed heat storage and the like.
Preferably, the heat storage material of the low-temperature heat accumulator is a solid heat storage working medium such as a liquid organic working medium and stones; the heat storage material of the compression heat accumulator is solid heat storage working media such as pressure water, stones and the like; the heat storage material of the renewable energy heat accumulator is solid heat storage material such as molten salt and pebbles.
Preferably, each compressor unit is one or a combination of a plurality of piston type, centrifugal type, axial flow type, screw type or rotor type compressors; each heat exchanger is one or a combination of a plurality of shell-and-tube type, plate-fin type, plate type, spiral tube type, sleeve type, plate-shell type, tube-fin type and heat pipe type.
Preferably, each compressor unit is driven by an electric motor, and the electric energy is from one or more combinations of wind power generation, solar power generation, power grid and the like.
Preferably, each expansion unit is one or a combination of a plurality of piston type, axial flow type, centrifugal type, screw type or mixed type.
Preferably, the gas storage device is in the form of a fixed volume such as a storage tank, a gas storage pipeline, an underground cave, or the like, or in the form of a fixed pressure gas storage device with hydraulic pressure supplement and other forms.
Preferably, each of the compressor unit and the expander unit is one or more stages.
The temperature control variable working condition operation system based on the heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage comprises two working modes of energy storage and energy release, the temperature control variable working condition operation can be carried out according to the load condition in each working mode, and the specific working principle is as follows:
the energy storage working mode is as follows: when the air compressor operates under a low-load working condition, air sequentially passes through the low-temperature heat exchangers at all stages of compression sides and the compressor unit and is stored in the air storage device in a high-pressure mode through the conversion action of all three-way valves, wherein low-temperature cold energy is sourced from the low-temperature heat accumulator; when the high-load working condition is operated, air sequentially passes through all stages of compressor units and the compression side intermediate temperature heat exchanger and then is stored in the air storage device in a high-pressure mode through the conversion action of all three-way valves, and meanwhile, compression heat is stored in the compression heat accumulator. During the energy storage period of the system, the compressor unit can be matched with self means such as adjusting guide vanes/diffusers and the like to realize wider load and high-efficiency operation of the system.
The energy release working mode is as follows: when the low-load working condition is operated, high-pressure air from the air storage device sequentially passes through the expansion unit and the expansion-side low-temperature heat exchanger to do work through the conversion action of each three-way valve, and meanwhile, the cold energy at the outlet of the expansion unit is stored in the low-temperature heat accumulator; when the air compressor operates under the medium-load working condition, high-pressure air from the air storage device sequentially passes through medium-temperature heat exchangers at all stages of expansion sides and an expansion unit to do work through the conversion action of all three-way valves, wherein a medium-temperature heat source is derived from a compression heat accumulator; when the high-load working condition is operated, high-pressure air from the air storage device sequentially passes through the expansion side medium-temperature heat exchanger, the heat regenerator and the renewable energy heat accumulator to be heated and then enters the expansion machine to do work under the conversion action of the three-way valves. In the energy release process of the three temperature zones, the expansion unit and the self means such as the adjusting stator blade realize wider load and high-efficiency operation of the system.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a control method for the above temperature-controlled variable-operating-condition operation system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage, the system comprises an energy storage operating mode and an energy release operating mode, and is characterized in that,
when the system is in an energy storage working mode, closing an exhaust port of the gas storage device, closing each expansion unit, starting each compressor unit, and opening a gas inlet of the gas storage device;
and when the system is in an energy release working mode, closing each compressor unit, closing the air inlet of the air storage device, starting each expansion unit, and opening the air outlet of the air storage device.
Preferably, when the system is in the energy storage working mode, the temperature control variable working condition operation is carried out according to the load condition of the system, wherein,
when the system is operated under a low-load working condition, air is stored in the air storage device in a high-pressure mode after passing through the low-temperature heat exchangers at the compression sides of all stages and the compressor units in sequence by switching air inlet pipelines of all the compressor units and the air storage device;
when the system operates under a high-load working condition, air sequentially passes through the compressor units at all levels and the medium-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side and then is stored in the air storage device in a high-pressure mode by switching the air inlet pipelines of the compressor units and the air storage device.
Preferably, when the system is in the energy release working mode, the temperature control variable working condition operation is carried out according to the load condition of the system, wherein,
when the system operates under a low-load working condition, high-pressure air exhausted from the air storage device sequentially passes through all stages of expansion units and the expansion-side low-temperature heat exchanger to do work by switching the air storage device and the exhaust pipelines of all the expansion units;
when the system operates under a medium-load working condition, high-pressure air from the air storage device sequentially passes through the medium-temperature heat exchangers at all stages of expansion sides and the expansion units to do work by switching the air exhaust pipelines of the air storage device and the expansion units.
Further, when the system operates under a high-load working condition, high-pressure air from the air storage device sequentially passes through the expansion side medium-temperature heat exchanger, the heat regenerator and the renewable energy heat accumulator to be heated and then enters the expansion unit to do work by switching the air exhaust pipelines of the air storage device and each expansion unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the temperature control variable working condition operation system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage combines compressed air energy storage with multi-temperature-zone heat storage on the basis of a compressed air energy storage system, reduces air in front of an inlet of a compressor unit by using cold energy at an outlet of an expansion unit, realizes efficient wide working condition operation of the system by using different temperature selections in front of each stage of compressor unit and expansion unit, and realizes large-scale utilization of fluctuation intermittent renewable energy sources by using renewable energy sources in a high-temperature zone for heat accumulation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a temperature-controlled variable-working-condition operating system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The structure and technical scheme of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and an embodiment of the present invention is provided.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature-controlled variable-operating-condition operating system based on a heat-accumulating compressed air energy storage system of the present invention at least comprises a first compressor unit C1, a second compressor unit C2, a first expander unit T1, a second expander unit T2, and an air storage device VOL, and the system has three sets of heat storage devices, namely, a low-temperature heat accumulator TS1, a compressed heat accumulator TS2, and a renewable energy accumulator TS 3. The system employs two-stage compression and two-stage expansion.
The first compressor unit C1 includes a first air inlet line and a second air inlet line that can be switched with each other, specifically, the inlets of the first air inlet line and the second air inlet line of the first compressor unit C1 are respectively communicated with the first outlet and the second outlet of a first three-way switching valve V1, the inlet of the first three-way switching valve V1 is communicated with the atmosphere 1, and the first air inlet line and the second air inlet line are switched with each other through the first three-way switching valve V1. The air inlet of the first compressor unit C1 is communicated with the atmosphere 1 through a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline thereof, a first low-temperature heat exchanger L1 at the compression side is further arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the first compressor unit C1, the hot side of the first low-temperature heat exchanger L1 at the compression side is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the first compressor unit C1, the cold side of the first low-temperature heat exchanger L1 at the compression side forms a low-temperature medium circulation loop with a low-temperature heat accumulator TS1 through a pipeline, and the air inlet of the first compressor unit C1 is cooled through the low-temperature heat accumulator TS 1.
The second compressor set C2 includes a first air inlet line and a second air inlet line that can be switched with each other, specifically, the inlets of the first air inlet line and the second air inlet line of the second compressor set C2 are respectively communicated with the first outlet and the second outlet of a second three-way switching valve V2, the inlet of the second three-way switching valve V2 is communicated with the exhaust port of the first compressor set C1, and the first air inlet line and the second air inlet line are switched with each other by the second three-way switching valve V2. An air inlet of the second compressor unit C2 is communicated with an air outlet of the first compressor unit C1 through a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit C2, wherein a compression side second low-temperature heat exchanger L3 is further arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit C2, a hot side of the compression side second low-temperature heat exchanger L3 is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit C2, a cold side of the compression side second low-temperature heat exchanger L3 and a low-temperature heat accumulator TS1 form a low-temperature medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and the inlet air of the second compressor unit C2 is cooled through the low-temperature heat accumulator TS 1; a first middle-temperature heat exchanger L2 at the compression side is further arranged on a second air inlet line of the second compressor unit C2, the hot side of the first middle-temperature heat exchanger L2 at the compression side is arranged on a second air inlet line of the second compressor unit C2, the cold side of the first middle-temperature heat exchanger L2 at the compression side and the compression heat accumulator TS2 form a heat transfer medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and compression heat in exhaust gas of the first compressor unit C1 is transferred to the compression heat accumulator TS2 through the first middle-temperature heat exchanger L2 at the compression side.
The gas storage device VOL comprises a first gas inlet pipeline and a second gas inlet pipeline which can be switched with each other, specifically, inlets of the first gas inlet pipeline and the second gas inlet pipeline of the gas storage device VOL are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of a third three-way switching valve V3, an inlet of the third three-way switching valve V3 is communicated with an exhaust port of a second compressor set C2, and the first gas inlet pipeline and the second gas inlet pipeline are switched with each other through the third three-way switching valve V3. An air inlet of the gas storage device VOL is communicated with an air outlet of a second compressor unit C2 through a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline of the gas storage device VOL, a second middle-temperature compression-side heat exchanger L4 is further arranged on a second air inlet pipeline of the gas storage device VOL, a hot side of the second middle-temperature compression-side heat exchanger L4 is arranged on the second air inlet pipeline of the gas storage device VOL, a cold side of the second middle-temperature compression-side heat exchanger L4 and a compression heat accumulator TS2 form a heat transfer medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and compression heat in exhaust air of the second compressor unit C2 is transferred to the compression heat accumulator TS2 through the second middle-temperature compression-side heat exchanger L4.
The gas storage device VOL further comprises a first gas exhaust line and a second gas exhaust line which can be switched with each other, inlets of the first gas exhaust line and the second gas exhaust line of the gas storage device VOL are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of a fourth three-way switching valve V4, an inlet of the fourth three-way switching valve V4 is communicated with a gas exhaust port of the gas storage device VOL, and the first gas exhaust line and the second gas exhaust line are switched with each other through the fourth three-way switching valve V4. An air outlet of the gas storage device VOL is communicated with an air inlet of a first expander set T1 through a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline of the gas storage device VOL, an expansion side first intermediate temperature heat exchanger R1 is further arranged on the first exhaust pipeline of the gas storage device VOL, the cold side of the expansion side first intermediate temperature heat exchanger R1 is arranged on the first exhaust pipeline of the gas storage device VOL, the hot side of the expansion side first intermediate temperature heat exchanger R1 and a compression heat accumulator TS2 form a heat transfer medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and exhaust of the gas storage device VOL is heated through the compression heat accumulator TS 2.
The first expander set T1 includes a first exhaust line and a second exhaust line which are switchable with each other, inlets of the first exhaust line and the second exhaust line of the first expander set T1 are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of a sixth three-way switching valve V6, an inlet of the sixth three-way switching valve V6 is communicated with an exhaust port of the first expander set T1, and the first exhaust line and the second exhaust line are switched with each other through a sixth three-way switching valve V6. An exhaust port of the first expander set is communicated with an air inlet of the second expander set T2 through a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline of the first expander set T1, wherein an expansion side second intermediate temperature heat exchanger R3 is further arranged on the first exhaust pipeline of the first expander set T1, a cold side of the expansion side second intermediate temperature heat exchanger R3 is arranged on a first exhaust pipeline of the first expander set T1, a hot side of the expansion side second intermediate temperature heat exchanger R3 and a compression heat accumulator TS2 form a heat transfer medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and exhaust of the first expander set T1 is heated through the compression heat accumulator TS 2; an expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger R2 is further arranged on a second exhaust pipe line of the first expander set T1, the cold side of the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger R2 is arranged on a second exhaust pipe line of the first expander set T1, the hot side of the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger R2 and the low-temperature heat accumulator TS1 form a low-temperature medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and cold in exhaust gas of the first expander set T1 is conveyed to the low-temperature heat accumulator TS1 through the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger R2.
The second expander set T2 includes a first exhaust line and a second exhaust line which are switchable with each other, inlets of the first exhaust line and the second exhaust line of the second expander set T2 are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of an eighth three-way switching valve V8, an inlet of the eighth three-way switching valve V8 is communicated with an exhaust port of the second expander set T2, and the first exhaust line and the second exhaust line are switched with each other by an eighth three-way switching valve V8. The exhaust port of the second expander set T2 is communicated with the atmosphere through a first exhaust line and a second exhaust line thereof, wherein an expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger R4 is further disposed on the second exhaust line of the second expander set T2, the cold side of the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger R4 is disposed on the second exhaust line of the second expander set T2, the hot side of the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger R4 forms a low-temperature medium circulation loop with the low-temperature heat accumulator TS1 through a pipeline, and cold in the exhaust gas of the second expander set T2 is delivered to the low-temperature TS heat accumulator 1 through the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger R4.
The temperature-control variable-working-condition operation system based on the heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage system is further provided with a renewable energy source heat accumulator TS3, a heat accumulating medium is filled in the renewable energy source heat accumulator TS3 and accumulates high-temperature heat converted from renewable energy sources, outlets of a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline of a VOL of an air storage device are communicated with an inlet of a fifth three-way switching valve V5, a first outlet of the fifth three-way switching valve V5 is communicated with an air inlet of a first expansion unit T1 through a pipeline, and a second outlet of the fifth three-way switching valve V5 is communicated with an air inlet of the first expansion unit T1 after passing through a renewable energy source heat accumulator TS3 through a pipeline. The outlets of the first exhaust line and the second exhaust line of the first expander set T1 are both communicated with the inlet of a seventh three-way switching valve V7, the first outlet of the seventh three-way switching valve V7 is communicated with the air inlet of the second expander set T2 through a pipeline, and the second outlet of the seventh three-way switching valve V7 is communicated with the air inlet of the second expander set T2 after passing through a renewable energy heat accumulator TS3 through a pipeline. A communicating pipeline between the second outlet of the fifth three-way switching valve V5 and the renewable energy heat accumulator TS3 is also provided with a heat regenerator RE, and the cold side of the heat regenerator RE is arranged on the communicating pipeline; a ninth three-way switching valve V9 is further arranged on the first exhaust pipe line of the second expander set T2, an inlet of the ninth three-way switching valve V9 is communicated with an outlet of the first exhaust pipe line of the second expander set T2, a first outlet of the ninth three-way switching valve V9 is communicated with the atmosphere, a second outlet of the ninth three-way switching valve V9 is communicated with a hot side inlet of the heat regenerator RE through a pipeline, and a hot side outlet of the heat regenerator RE is communicated with the atmosphere.
In the working process, the temperature control variable working condition operation system based on the heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage comprises the following energy storage working procedures:
during low-load operation, through the conversion action of the three-way valve, air sequentially passes through the first low-temperature heat exchanger L1 at the compression side, the first compressor unit C1, the second low-temperature heat exchanger L3 at the compression side and the second compressor unit C2 and then is stored in the gas storage device VOL in a high-pressure mode, meanwhile, low-temperature cold energy is sourced from the low-temperature heat storage TS1, and a heat exchange working medium in the low-temperature heat accumulator TS1 is organic liquid. During the period, the compressor can be matched with the adjusting guide vane/diffuser to realize wider load and efficient operation of the system.
During high-load operation, through the conversion effect of the three-way valve, air sequentially passes through the first compressor unit C1, the first medium-temperature heat exchanger L2 at the compression side, the second compressor C2 and the second medium-temperature heat exchanger L4 at the compression side and then is stored in the gas storage device VOL in a high-pressure mode, meanwhile, compression heat is stored in the compression heat accumulator TS2, and a heat exchange working medium in the compression heat accumulator TS2 is pressure water. During the period, the compressor can be matched with self means such as adjusting guide vanes/diffusers and the like to realize wider load and high-efficiency operation of the system.
In the working process, the energy release working process of the temperature control variable working condition operation system based on the heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage comprises the following steps:
when the low-load operation is carried out, through the conversion action of the three-way valve, high-pressure air from the VOL passes through the first expansion unit T1, the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger R2, the second expansion unit T2 and the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger R4 in sequence to do work, and meanwhile, cold energy at the outlet of the expansion unit is stored in the low-temperature heat accumulator TS1 by taking an organic liquid working medium as a heat exchange medium;
when the medium load is in operation, high-pressure air from the gas storage device VOL sequentially passes through the expansion side first medium-temperature heat exchanger R1, the first expansion unit T1, the expansion side second medium-temperature heat exchanger R3 and the second expansion unit T2 to do work under the conversion action of the three-way valve, and meanwhile, a medium-temperature heat source is sourced from the compression heat accumulator TS2 and exchanges heat by taking pressure water as a heat exchange working medium;
when the air conditioner runs under a high load, high-pressure air from the air storage device sequentially passes through the first intermediate-temperature heat exchanger R1 at the expansion side, the heat regenerator RE, the renewable energy heat accumulator TS3, the first expansion unit T1, the second intermediate-temperature heat exchanger R3 at the expansion side, the renewable energy heat accumulator TS3, the second expansion unit T2 and the heat regenerator RE through the conversion effect of the three-way valve to do work, and the air is in a direct contact mode through the renewable energy heat accumulator during the work.
In the energy release process of the three temperature zones, the expander and the self means such as the adjusting stator blade realize wider load and high-efficiency operation of the system.
The object of the present invention is fully effectively achieved by the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention includes, but is not limited to, what is described in the accompanying drawings and the foregoing detailed description. While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. A temperature control variable working condition operation system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage is disclosed, the system at least comprises a first compressor unit, a second compressor unit, a first expansion unit, a second expansion unit and an air storage device, the system is also at least provided with a low-temperature heat accumulator and a compression heat accumulator, and is characterized in that,
the first compressor unit comprises a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline which can be switched mutually, an air inlet of the first compressor unit is communicated with the atmosphere through the first air inlet pipeline and the second air inlet pipeline, a first low-temperature heat exchanger at a compression side is further arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the first compressor unit, a hot side of the first low-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the first compressor unit, a cold side of the first low-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side and the low-temperature heat accumulator form a low-temperature medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and the air inlet of the first compressor unit is cooled through the low-temperature heat accumulator;
the second compressor unit comprises a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline which can be switched mutually, an air inlet of the second compressor unit is communicated with an air outlet of the first compressor unit through the first air inlet pipeline and the second air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, a second low-temperature heat exchanger on the compression side is further arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, the hot side of the second low-temperature heat exchanger on the compression side is arranged on the first air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, the cold side of the second low-temperature heat exchanger on the compression side and the low-temperature heat accumulator form a low-temperature medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and the air inlet of the second compressor unit is cooled through the low-temperature heat accumulator; a first middle temperature heat exchanger at the compression side is further arranged on a second air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, the hot side of the first middle temperature heat exchanger at the compression side is arranged on the second air inlet pipeline of the second compressor unit, the cold side of the first middle temperature heat exchanger at the compression side forms a heat transfer medium circulation loop with the compression heat accumulator through a pipeline, and the compression heat in the exhaust gas of the first compressor unit is transferred into the compression heat accumulator through the first middle temperature heat exchanger at the compression side;
the air storage device comprises a first air inlet pipeline and a second air inlet pipeline which can be switched mutually, an air inlet of the air storage device is communicated with an air outlet of the second compressor unit through the first air inlet pipeline and the second air inlet pipeline of the air storage device, a second middle-temperature heat exchanger at a compression side is further arranged on the second air inlet pipeline of the air storage device, a hot side of the second middle-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side is arranged on the second air inlet pipeline of the air storage device, a cold side of the second middle-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side forms a heat transfer medium circulation loop with the compression heat accumulator through a pipeline, and compression heat in exhaust air of the second compressor unit is transferred to the compression heat accumulator through the second middle-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side;
the air storage device further comprises a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline which can be switched mutually, an air outlet of the air storage device is communicated with an air inlet of the first expansion unit through the first exhaust pipeline and the second exhaust pipeline of the air storage device, an expansion side first intermediate-temperature heat exchanger is further arranged on the first exhaust pipeline of the air storage device, a cold side of the expansion side first intermediate-temperature heat exchanger is arranged on the first exhaust pipeline of the air storage device, a hot side of the expansion side first intermediate-temperature heat exchanger and the compression heat accumulator form a heat transfer medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and exhaust of the air storage device is heated through the compression heat accumulator;
the first expansion unit comprises a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline which can be switched mutually, an exhaust port of the first expansion unit is communicated with an air inlet of the second expansion unit through the first exhaust pipeline and the second exhaust pipeline of the first expansion unit, wherein the first exhaust pipeline of the first expansion unit is also provided with an expansion-side second medium-temperature heat exchanger, a cold side of the expansion-side second medium-temperature heat exchanger is arranged on the first exhaust pipeline of the first expansion unit, a hot side of the expansion-side second medium-temperature heat exchanger and the compression heat accumulator form a heat transfer medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and exhaust of the first expansion unit is heated through the compression heat accumulator; an expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger is further arranged on a second exhaust pipe line of the first expansion unit, a cold side of the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger is arranged on the second exhaust pipe line of the first expansion unit, a hot side of the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat accumulator form a low-temperature medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and cold in exhaust gas of the first expansion unit is conveyed to the low-temperature heat accumulator through the expansion side first low-temperature heat exchanger;
the second expansion unit comprises a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline which can be switched with each other, the exhaust port of the second expansion unit is communicated with the atmosphere through the first exhaust pipeline and the second exhaust pipeline of the second expansion unit, wherein the second exhaust pipeline of the second expansion unit is also provided with an expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger, the cold side of the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger is arranged on the second exhaust pipeline of the second expansion unit, the hot side of the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger and the low-temperature heat accumulator form a low-temperature medium circulation loop through a pipeline, and cold energy in the exhaust gas of the second expansion unit is conveyed to the low-temperature heat accumulator through the expansion side second low-temperature heat exchanger;
the heat storage mode of each heat accumulator is one or more of double-tank indirect heat storage, single-tank heat storage, packed bed heat storage and spray bed heat storage.
2. A regenerative compressed air energy storage based temperature controlled variable-operating system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first and second inlet lines of the first compressor unit have inlets respectively communicating with the first and second outlets of a first three-way switching valve, the inlet of the first three-way switching valve communicating with atmosphere.
3. A regenerative compressed air energy storage based temperature controlled variable-operating system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the inlets of the first and second inlet lines of the second compressor unit are connected to the first and second outlets of a second three-way switching valve, respectively, and the inlet of the second three-way switching valve is connected to the exhaust of the first compressor unit.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein inlets of the first and second air inlet lines of the air storage device are respectively communicated with a first outlet and a second outlet of a third three-way switching valve, and an inlet of the third three-way switching valve is communicated with an exhaust port of the second compressor unit.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second exhaust lines of the air storage device have inlets respectively connected to a first and second outlet of a fourth three-way valve, and the inlet of the fourth three-way valve is connected to the exhaust port of the air storage device.
6. A regenerative compressed air energy storage based temperature controlled variable-operating system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first and second exhaust lines of the first expander set have inlets communicating with the first and second outlets of a sixth three-way switching valve, respectively, the inlet of the sixth three-way switching valve communicating with the exhaust outlet of the first expander set.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein inlets of the first and second exhaust lines of the second expander set are respectively communicated with a first and second outlet of an eighth three-way switching valve, and an inlet of the eighth three-way switching valve is communicated with an exhaust port of the second expander set.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a renewable energy accumulator filled with a heat storage medium for storing high-temperature heat converted from renewable energy, wherein outlets of the first and second exhaust lines of the gas storage device are communicated with an inlet of a fifth three-way switching valve, a first outlet of the fifth three-way switching valve is communicated with the gas inlet of the first expansion unit through a pipeline, and a second outlet of the fifth three-way switching valve is communicated with the gas inlet of the first expansion unit through the renewable energy accumulator through a pipeline.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein outlets of the first exhaust line and the second exhaust line of the first expander set are both communicated with an inlet of a seventh three-way switching valve, a first outlet of the seventh three-way switching valve is communicated with an air inlet of the second expander set through a pipeline, and a second outlet of the seventh three-way switching valve is communicated with an air inlet of the second expander set through a pipeline after passing through the renewable energy heat accumulator.
10. The temperature-controlled variable-operating-condition operating system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage of claim 9, wherein a communicating pipeline between the second outlet of the fifth three-way switching valve and the renewable energy heat accumulator is further provided with a heat regenerator, and the cold side of the heat regenerator is arranged on the communicating pipeline; the first exhaust pipe line of the second expansion unit is further provided with a ninth three-way switching valve, an inlet of the ninth three-way switching valve is communicated with an outlet of the first exhaust pipe line of the second expansion unit, a first outlet of the ninth three-way switching valve is communicated with the atmosphere, a second outlet of the ninth three-way switching valve is communicated with a hot side inlet of the heat regenerator through a pipeline, and a hot side outlet of the heat regenerator is communicated with the atmosphere.
11. The temperature-control variable-operating-condition operating system based on heat accumulating type compressed air energy storage of claim 1, wherein each compressor unit is one or a combination of piston type, centrifugal type, axial type or screw type compressors; each heat exchanger is one or a combination of a plurality of shell-and-tube type, plate-fin type, plate type, spiral tube type, sleeve type, plate-shell type, tube-fin type and heat pipe type.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein each compressor unit is driven by an electric motor, and the electric energy is from one or more of wind power generation, solar power generation and a power grid.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein each expansion unit is one or a combination of a piston type, an axial flow type, a centrifugal type, a screw type or a hybrid type.
14. A regenerative compressed air energy storage based temperature controlled variable operation system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the air storage means is in the form of a storage tank, air storage pipeline, or underground cavern, or fixed pressure air storage with hydraulic pressure supplement.
15. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the compressor unit and the expander unit is one or more stages.
16. A control method for a temperature controlled variable-operating system based on regenerative compressed air energy storage according to any of claims 1 to 15, said system comprising an energy storage mode of operation and a release mode of operation,
when the system is in an energy storage working mode, closing an exhaust port of the gas storage device, closing each expansion unit, starting each compressor unit, and opening a gas inlet of the gas storage device;
and when the system is in an energy release working mode, closing each compressor unit, closing the air inlet of the air storage device, starting each expansion unit, and opening the air outlet of the air storage device.
17. The control method according to claim 16, wherein when the system is in the energy storage operation mode, the temperature control variable operation is performed according to the load condition of the system, wherein,
when the system is operated under a low-load working condition, air is stored in the air storage device in a high-pressure mode after passing through the low-temperature heat exchangers at the compression sides of all stages and the compressor units in sequence by switching air inlet pipelines of all the compressor units and the air storage device;
when the system operates under a high-load working condition, air sequentially passes through the compressor units at all levels and the medium-temperature heat exchanger at the compression side and then is stored in the air storage device in a high-pressure mode by switching the air inlet pipelines of the compressor units and the air storage device.
18. The control method according to claim 16, wherein when the system is in the energy release operation mode, the temperature-controlled variable-operation mode is performed according to a load condition of the system, and the temperature-controlled variable-operation mode is performed according to a load condition of the system, wherein,
when the system operates under a low-load working condition, high-pressure air exhausted from the air storage device sequentially passes through all stages of expansion units and the expansion-side low-temperature heat exchanger to do work by switching the air storage device and the exhaust pipelines of all the expansion units;
when the system operates under a medium-load working condition, high-pressure air from the air storage device sequentially passes through the medium-temperature heat exchangers at all stages of expansion sides and the expansion units to do work by switching the air exhaust pipelines of the air storage device and the expansion units.
19. The control method according to claim 18, wherein when the system is operated under a high load condition, the high-pressure air from the air storage device sequentially passes through the expansion-side medium-temperature heat exchanger, the heat regenerator and the renewable energy heat accumulator to be heated and then enters the expansion unit to do work by switching the air storage device and the exhaust lines of the expansion units.
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| CN110005486A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-07-12 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of zero carbon emission cold, heat electric shaft producting device and working method based on full thermal cycle |
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