CN105317485A - Novel energy conversion system - Google Patents
Novel energy conversion system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105317485A CN105317485A CN201510242554.7A CN201510242554A CN105317485A CN 105317485 A CN105317485 A CN 105317485A CN 201510242554 A CN201510242554 A CN 201510242554A CN 105317485 A CN105317485 A CN 105317485A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel energy conversion system. The novel energy conversion system comprises a heat gathering mechanism, a heat conversion mechanism, a cooling and liquefying mechanism and a working medium circulation mechanism. Any two of the heat gathering mechanism, the heat conversion mechanism, the cooling and liquefying mechanism and the working medium circulation mechanism are connected. The whole system conforms to the Rankine cycle operation principle and the second law of thermodynamics. The heat gathering mechanism gathers and transfers heat in the natural environment heat source and the artificial environment heat source to a system working medium with the utilization of a gas-fluid phase combination heat exchange component technology, so that the working medium is warmed and vaporized. According to the cooling and liquefying mechanism, a forcing-type condenser technology is adopted to achieve efficient heat dissipation and liquidation of working medium tail gas. According to the working medium circulation mechanism, a liquid pump and a liquid storage tank are utilized to provide the working medium with the possibility of circulation movement which are conducted in cycles. According to the energy conversion mechanism, with the adoption of a nozzle and an airflow adjusting valve, the airflow thermal energy of the working medium entering into the energy conversion mechanism is converted into mechanical energy, and then the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy. According to the novel energy conversion system, an improved and innovative ultralow-temperature power generation system is provided; the novel energy conversion system can utilize and is not limited to all kinds of low-grade heat energy, and the low-grade heat energy is converted into mechanical power to do work; the novel energy conversion system becomes a novel power generation system by connecting to an electric generator.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of novel energy converting system.
Background technique:
Along with the aggravation of in short supply, the environmental pollution of world energy sources resource, people note and recognize the low grade heat energy how developing the enormous amount in fact also existed in nature space, waters.This low grade heat energy is exactly the heat that solar radiation gives the earth in essence, therefore inexhaustible, nexhaustible, and most is green, clean, environmental protection and renewable circulation.Current countries in the world are competitively invested, contention with all strength, attempt to obtain leading position in the low grade heat energy technical field of power generation of exploitation ocean, this has just promoted the fast development of ocean low grade heat energy generation technology greatly, makes this generation technology have a commercialization and is worth.
But existing ocean low grade heat energy generation technology also also exists following obvious defect:
(1) in ocean, inevitable violent storm and roaring waves requires that the safety coefficient of this power generating equipment, Power Plant must improve, and therefore up-front investment cost improves;
(2) almost contain a natural element of contact in seawater, therefore seawater forms the inevitable Eroded to equipment, causes the expection life cycle of investment goods greatly to shorten, shows that maintenance cost improves;
(3) for obtaining the water source of sea surface or deep layer, not only the deep diving sea pipeline of lower about 1000 meters is fixed construction operation pole and is not easy, to have a big risk and cost is high, and utilize self power consumption of two high-power suction engine systems to occupy the very most of of this systems generate electricity amount, therefore make whole system generating efficiency obviously reduce, show unit quantity of electricity cost increase;
(4) season alternation, seawater surface temperature reduces will make this generation mode be difficult to maintain, though have utilize solar energy, wind energy to combine remedy imagination, do not seem effective constantly, therefore the generating efficiency fluctuation of such power generation system in 1 year or in one day more greatly, more unstable; If do not consider heat accumulation facility, even may form interval or stop paying out electric event.
So we know clearly, in fact the generation technology utilizing ocean low grade heat energy has been had both at home and abroad, also the generation technology of the waste heat of plant utilized within the scope of 380 ~ 90 DEG C is had, more there is generation technology utilizing high-temperature geothermal well heat energy etc., but we not yet understand the low grade heat energy generation technology about utilizing inland river or air up to now, or claim the practical application of " super low temperature generation technology " report---when key issue to be just with inland normal temperature environment as thermal source, people almost to can not find using sea dark 1000 meters of lower cold water (4 ~ 5 DEG C) as the suitable inland low-temperature receiver of the correspondence of hot well, and usually so that the technological means total failure in the environment of the conventional condenser that forward temperature gradient is condition must be there is between tail gas and hot well, Rankine cycle system cannot be set up, therefore people cannot be grafted directly to ocean low grade heat energy generation technology in the normal temperature environment of inland for a long time.
Summary of the invention:
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of improvement, the energy conversion system of innovation, can low grade heat energy be utilized, comprise physical environment or artificial environment, and making this low grade heat energy be transformed into machine power acting, in connection, generator is exactly a kind of novel energy conversion system.
Technological scheme of the present invention is, comprise the heat be connected between two and gather mechanism, an energy transfer mechanism, cooling liquid body and a working medium circulation mechanism, whole system meets heat engine Rankine cycle system working principle and the second law of thermodynamics.Wherein: described heat gathers mechanism, utilize liquid phase heat exchanger technology to gather, shift heat in physical environment thermal source or artificial environment thermal source to working medium, working medium is obtained heat up, vaporization; Described cooling liquid body, utilizes a kind of positive drive type condenser technology to realize efficiently radiates heat and the liquefaction of working medium tail gas; Described working medium circulation mechanism, utilizes working medium pump and liquid container, the shuttling movement possibility providing working medium to go round and begin again in closed system; Described energy transfer mechanism, utilizes nozzle and barometric damper, and making to enter heat to power output in-house working medium air-flow thermal power transfer is mechanical energy, and then mechanical energy is converted to electric energy.
Reasonablely be, described heat gathers mechanism and comprises the liquid phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve being not limited to first sensor and being linked in sequence with some pipelines, liquid phase heat exchanger, liquid phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve, gas phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve, gas phase heat exchanger, gas phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve, safety check, the inlet valve of the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater can be regarded as, the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater can be regarded as, the outlet valve of the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater can be regarded as, and in some application and nonessential heat gathers water inlet (gas) electronic regulated valve of heat exchange systems side in mechanism.Described energy transfer mechanism comprises the safety check, turbine engine air inlet adjustment valve, nozzle, turbine engine, turbine engine outlet valve and the generator (and control) that are not limited to the second sensor and are linked in sequence with some pipelines.Described cooling liquid body comprise the positive drive type condenser cold junction part of the be regarded as liquifier being not limited to the 3rd sensor and be linked in sequence with some pipelines inlet valve, the positive drive type condenser cold junction part of liquifier can be regarded as, the outlet valve of the positive drive type condenser cold junction part of liquifier can be regarded as.Described working medium circulation mechanism, comprise be not limited to four-sensor and be linked in sequence with some pipelines liquid container inlet valve, liquid container import, liquid container outlet, liquid container outlet valve, working medium pump inlet valve, working medium pump import, working medium pump outlet, working medium pump outlet valve.
Wherein, described heat is gathered gas phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve 16 in mechanism 1 and is connected with safety check 17 by pipeline, safety check 17 the other end is connected by the inlet valve 18 that can be regarded as the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater in pipeline and described cooling liquid body 3, this inlet valve 18 is directly connected with the positive drive type condenser hot junction some Imported that can be regarded as superheater, its outlet is directly connected with the outlet valve 20 of the positive drive type condenser hot junction part that can be regarded as superheater, be connected with safety check 26 one end by pipeline again, safety check 26 the other end is connected with turbine engine air inlet adjustment valve 27 in described energy transfer mechanism 2 by pipeline, turbine engine air inlet adjustment valve 27 is directly connected with turbine engine import (nozzle), its outlet is directly connected with turbine engine gas outlet valve 30, this gas outlet valve by pipeline with can be considered in described cooling liquid body 3 that the positive drive type condenser cold side inlet valve 22 of liquifier is connected, this inlet valve 22 with can be considered that the positive drive type condenser cold side inlet of liquifier is directly connected, its outlet directly with can be considered that the positive drive type condenser cold side outlet valve 24 of liquifier is connected, this outlet valve 24 is connected with liquid container inlet valve 33 in described working medium circulation mechanism 4 by pipeline, liquid container inlet valve 33 is directly connected with liquid container import, liquid container outlet is directly connected with liquid container outlet valve 35, be connected with working medium pump inlet valve 36 by pipeline again, this inlet valve 36 is directly connected with working medium pump import, working medium pump outlet is directly connected with working medium pump outlet valve 38, gather liquid phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve 11 in mechanism 1 by pipeline and described heat to be connected, this inlet valve 11 is directly connected with the import of liquid phase heat exchanger working medium, liquid phase heat exchanger sender property outlet is directly connected with outlet valve 13, be connected with gas phase heat exchanger inlet valve 14 by pipeline again, this inlet valve 14 is directly connected with the import of gas phase heat exchanger, formed and close major loop.
Reasonable, described in the working medium physical property chosen meet following formula:
L × M+C × M × Δ T1=C1 × N × Δ T
2---exclude heat conversion efficiency and loss temporarily in calculating formula
In formula: L---phase transformation (gas → liquid, the liquid → gas) latent heat (kJ/kg) of working medium;
The working medium tail-gas quality (kg) that M---turbine engine is discharged;
The working medium tail gas specific heat (kJ/kg. DEG C) that C---turbine engine is discharged;
Δ T
1---the working medium tail gas cooling that turbine engine is discharged is post liquefaction with former temperature gap (DEG C);
N---absorb certain gaseous mass (kg) of working medium tail gas separation heat out;
C
1---absorb certain specific heats of gases (kJ/kg. DEG C) of working medium tail gas separation heat out;
Δ T
2---absorb after certain gas heating of working medium tail gas separation heat out with former temperature gap (DEG C).
If the heat carrier be separated is exactly systematic working medium gas itself, so C=C
1, M=N, then above-mentioned representation can be reduced to: L/C=Δ T
2-Δ T
1or Δ T
2=L/C+ Δ T
1
When room temperature environment (water or air) is regarded as " thermal source ", above-mentioned formula is selected to be important to systematic working medium.
The main body positive drive type condenser of described cooling liquid body, a kind of novel, advanced thermal release machinery (air wave refrigerating device), make use of shock wave and extensional wave that gas pressure can produce, unsteadiness expansion work is done to the resident gas in adopter, thus institute's heat content (espespecially heat of phase change) in gas being effectively separated and cooled liquefaction (" cold "), machine also exports in output " cold " heat (" heat ") be separated simultaneously.Here the refrigeration end (part) of positive drive type condenser can be regarded as liquifier, and heat output terminal (part) can be regarded as superheater.Isolated heat (espespecially heat of phase change) can be taken away by certain gas, and native system utilizes to gather the working medium circulation of having vaporized in mechanism at heat and so far absorb, and this working medium reheating heats up as overheated gas.Importantly, the tail gas pressure that turbine engine is discharged in the present system is not less than 0.3mpa, and separated " cold " and " heat " all obtains effective utilization simultaneously.
Described positive drive type condenser comprises and is not limited to state type or rotary, single-stage or multistage, that improve or do not improve Novel hot seperator, heat separator, air wave refrigerating device, pressure wave refrigerator, vascular refrigerator, ultrasound velocity condenser etc. working medium tail gas molecule institute heat content can be made to obtain any apparatus, the parts that are separated.
Reasonable, described first, second, third, fourth sensor comprise temperature transducer, pressure transducer and flow transducer wherein a kind of, two kinds or three kinds.
Reasonable, described turbine engine comprises the Pneumatic component of any other forms such as common steam turbine, screw expansion motor, compresser cylinder, pneumatic motor, external-burning engine (Stirling).
The maximum feature of power generation system of the present invention is, abolish by means of there is the conventional condenser technological means that forward temperature gradient is condition between tail gas and hot well in usual power cycle system, and adopt a kind of advanced person utilize gas pressure can produce shock wave and extensional wave to make gas in Novel hot seperator (air wave refrigerating device) technological means of refrigeration (" cold ") also exportable " heat " simultaneously, make the cooling liquid of working medium tail gas, the heat split, be stripped out is taken away by other gases thus is obtained heat radiation preferably; Because working medium physical parameter L/C is enough large, native system utilizes to gather the working medium of having vaporized in mechanism to absorb this part heat at heat, thus not only this part heat is again utilized and is obtained high heat utilization efficiency, and Working medium gas has because of overheated ability of doing work more by force, also can eliminate as driving cooled gas circulation and the air pump set up and for starting the electric power that air pump consumes.So from physical environment or artificial environment " thermal source ", obtain heat and vaporize, the working medium of increasing temperature and pressure can promote turbine rotor continuously and rotate, low grade heat energy just obtains conversion like this and sends electricity and come.This Novel ultralow-temperature power generation system not only power generation stabilization, heat utilization efficiency is high, and can auto-control, by season alternation, round the clock take turns turn variation of ambient temperature affect, have that construction cost is low, operating cost is low, clean environment firendly, recyclable regenerative, be more conducive to spread and implement China's new energy policy, economize on resources, decreasing pollution, benefits descendant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, for those skilled in the art, to the detailed description of the inventive method, above and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage will be apparent.
Pipeline connection diagram in Fig. 1, closed major circulatory system.
Embodiment
A kind of Novel ultralow-temperature power generation system of the present invention, is made up of four large principal organ: heat gathers mechanism 1, energy transfer mechanism 2, cooling liquid body 3 and working medium pump cycling mechanism 4.Heat gathers mechanism 1, make use of the effective technology of liquid phase heat exchanger that is independent or that mix, gather the heat in physical environment thermal source or artificial environment thermal source, and make to transfer in working medium, therefore various known heat energy is all the object that it gathers, as the heat energy contained by the various water sources of ocean, rivers, lake, geothermal well, heat energy contained in our surrounding atmosphere, heat energy contained by sunlight, the residual activity heat energy produced in industrial and agricultural production process, and the heat energy etc. contained by the burning such as oil, coal, rock gas, biogas.Cooling liquid body 3, mainly make use of Novel hot seperator (air wave refrigerating device) technology of a kind of advanced person, institute's heat content (espespecially heat of phase change) in tail gas is made effectively to be separated and to be liquefied, the heat (espespecially heat of phase change) be efficiently separated is gathered the working medium of having vaporized in mechanism by heat and absorbs, and this working medium reheating heats up as overheated gas.Here tail gas institute heat content is separated " cold " and " heat " all obtains utilization simultaneously.
Shown in Fig. 1, it is by liquid phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve 11 that heat in native system gathers mechanism 1, liquid phase heat exchanger 12, liquid phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve 13, gas phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve 14, gas phase heat exchanger 15, gas phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve 16, safety check 17, the inlet valve 18 of the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater can be regarded as, the positive drive type condenser hot junction part 19 of superheater can be regarded as, the outlet valve 20 of the positive drive type heat of condensation end portion of superheater can be regarded as, and heat gathers water inlet (gas) electronic regulated valve and the (temperature of heat exchange systems side in mechanism 1, pressure, flow) composition such as first sensor 21 grade, except water inlet (gas) electronic regulated valve of heat exchange systems side and first sensor 21, other constituent element connects with pipeline in order.Wherein, described liquid phase heat exchanger is that heat gathers mechanism 1 main body part, it is the source that this power generation system obtains energy, it can be the good metallic material of any thermal conductivity, also can be the good nonmetallic material of the thermal conductivity of any improvement, usually different shapes is made according to physical environment thermal source or artificial environment thermal source feature, as being sub-font exchange heat joint control, or turn round flat-tube type exchange heat joint control, or circular pipe type exchange heat joint control, or flat exchange heat joint control, or their various combination, radiating fin can be with or not be with radiating fin.In liquid phase heat exchanger, vacancy is the passage of worker quality liquid or gas and heat source liquid or gas flow.Inner at liquid phase heat exchanger, physical environment thermal source or artificial environment thermal source and working medium carry out effective exchange heat, make it the working medium gasification of low temperature, heating up obtains energy, and at the isolated heat of recovery positive drive type condenser, Working medium gas is obtained overheated, heat utilization ratio improves greatly.
Cooling liquid body 3 by can be regarded as the inlet valve 22 of positive drive type condenser cold junction part of liquifier, positive drive type condenser 23, the outlet valve 24 that can be regarded as the positive drive type condenser cold junction part of liquifier and (temperature, pressure, flow) the 3rd sensor 25 etc. form, except the 3rd sensor 25, other constituent element connects with pipeline in order.Wherein, described positive drive type condenser (air wave refrigerating device) is the main body part of cooling liquid body 3, and a kind of product of maturation, goes through update decades, and performance is quite perfect; This product structure is simple, by nozzle, adopter and cylindrical tank three part form, gas differential pressure can be imported and exported carry out drive machines and make it rotate and without any need for additionaling power or electric power by utilized device self, concerning native system, there is the specific function reduced from power consumption.
Energy transfer mechanism 2 by safety check 26, turbine engine air inlet adjustment valve 27, nozzle 28, turbine engine 29, turbine engine outlet valve 30 and (temperature, pressure, flow) second sensor 31 and generator 32 etc. form, except the second sensor 31 other constituent element except generator 32 is connected with pipeline in order.Wherein, described turbine engine 29 is first main body parts of energy transfer mechanism 2, and generator 32 is second main body parts of energy transfer mechanism 2.
Working medium circulation mechanism 4 is made up of liquid container inlet valve 33, liquid container 34, liquid container outlet valve 35, working medium pump inlet valve 36, working medium pump 37, working medium pump outlet valve 38 and four-sensor 39 etc., and except four-sensor 39, other constituent element connects with pipeline in order; Wherein, described working medium pump 37 is main body parts of working medium circulation mechanism 4, can select that good airproof performance, noise are little, efficiency is high, life cycle is long, repair and replacement all kinds of suitable pump machine easily.
As the working medium of this power cycle system, except should preferably environmentally friendly, few to air breakup, price is lower, except liquescent primary condition, selected working medium physical property also needs to meet formula: L × M+C × M × Δ T
1=C
1× N × Δ T
2, wherein R717, R744 etc. are selectable objects.The material category selecting corresponding four great institutions and connecting tube is then needed, to reduce the corrosion failure of working medium to the selection of material after selected working medium.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: " thermal source " that the cryogenic fluid as this power cycle system gathers in mechanism 1 with from physical environment or artificial environment at heat carries out the exchange heat of certain form and obtain heat, vaporization is increasing temperature and pressure also, then absorb again from cooling liquid body 3 isolated heat, it is overheated to continue to be warming up to; When a certain amount of overheated working medium gas enters in the turbine engine 29 of energy transfer mechanism 2 by nozzle 28 adjustment, just there is the ability promoting turbine rotor and rotate.Owing to there is important precondition, when the cooled liquefaction of working medium tail gas that the positive drive type condenser of cooling liquid body 3 makes turbine engine 29 discharge, so this rotation just becomes sustainable ability of carrying out, ensure that continuous print working medium air-flow expansion work in energy transfer mechanism 2 is achieved.If the turbine engine 29 in energy transfer mechanism 2 connects upper generator 32 just can make generator output current continuously.
Essence of the present invention is, after sensor electronic control circuit obtains the feedback signal such as environment and system temperature, pressure, flow, triggers working medium pump 37 by setting requirement running, the worker quality liquid flow that regulation output is suitable; Enter the working medium that heat gathers liquid phase heat exchanger 12 in mechanism 1, gas phase heat exchanger 15, carry out exchange heat with certain thermal source under the water of physical environment thermal source or artificial environment thermal source or air or sunlight irradiate obtain energy and gasify, increasing temperature and pressure, then absorb again from cooling liquid body 3 isolated heat, it is overheated to continue to be warming up to; Overheated Working medium gas carries out expansion work from the entrance point of the turbine engine 29 that nozzle 28 directly enters in energy transfer mechanism 2, and the tail gas after acting enters in the positive drive type condenser 23 of the cooling liquid body 3 of connection by the outlet end of turbine engine; The heat (espespecially heat of phase change) be separated from working medium tail gas is taken away by absorption again by the Working medium gas circulated so far, the worker quality liquid of cooling liquid is flowed to the input end of the liquid container 34 in working medium circulation mechanism 4 from the outlet valve 24 bottom positive drive type condenser 23, liquid container is respectively communicated with by valve with working medium pump, the continuous running of working medium pump 37 guides working medium in native system to flow in certain direction, completes continuously heat exchange and expansion work.
The working medium change of state of present system is such: cryogenic fluid liquid flows into liquid phase heat exchanger 12, carry out heat exchange with the thermal source in physical environment or artificial environment to obtain heat and heat up, then circular flow is through gas phase heat exchanger 15, again carry out heat exchange with the thermal source in physical environment or artificial environment and obtain that heat gasifies, increasing temperature and pressure, after absorb heat from the positive drive type condenser hot junction part 19 that can be regarded as superheater again, it is overheated to continue to be warming up to.Flowing into the working medium that heat gathers mechanism 1 is liquid, and what flow out that heat gathers mechanism 1 is the gas of increasing temperature and pressure.Overheated Working medium gas enters expansion work in energy transfer mechanism 2 and exports machine power, connects generator 29, and drive electrical generators rotor shaft rotates generating.Working medium gas after expansion work obtains decrease temperature and pressure, the working medium tail gas being not less than 0.3mpa enters in the positive drive type condenser 23 of cooling liquid body 3, in tail gas, institute's heat content (espespecially heat of phase change) is separated and liquefy, the working medium of liquefaction flow into the liquid container 34 of working medium circulation mechanism 4 by outlet valve 24, liquid container 34 is communicated with working medium pump 37, so under the effect of working medium pump 37, working medium does directed circulation flowing, goes round and begins again.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows distinct.Comprehensive liquid phase thermal-arrest switch technology, forced condensation technology, breach the technical bottleneck of low-temperature electricity-generating, dissolved and be thermal source with normal temperature environment and cannot utilize the global problem that conventional condenser that forward temperature gradient is condition obtains heat radiation, liquefaction between tail gas and hot well, must to be there is; Not only expand the application area of ocean thermal energy generating, effective temperature difference utilization ratio is increased, and due to heat utilization efficiency raising, the generating efficiency of power generation system of the present invention is significantly improved, more because positive drive type condenser does not need to draw water with pump, obviously reduce from power consumption, so whole power generation system makes actual output electricity increase in an increasing one is fallen, cost per unit declines.
Generation technology of the present invention can be applied to ultralow temperature cogeneration field, can be applied to (in) low temperature photothermal power generation field, can be applied to (in) cryogenically hot well power field, also ocean thermal energy power field can be applied to, more can be applied to the normal temperature heat resource power generation field in inland waters that forefathers not yet open up, space, and effectively can improve the pattern of existing rough type low-temperature electricity-generating, improve the efficiency of low-temperature electricity-generating, reach the possibility of further energy-saving and emission-reduction.Apply generation technology system of the present invention, the situation of energy scarcity and the problem of environmental pollution in current world wide can be changed.
The present invention be advantageous in that this power generation system construction cost is low, operating cost is low.Estimate by current price, construction cost be about hydroelectric power plant, heat power station (comprising pollution treatment accessory) construction cost 1/2 ~ 1/3, that other power generating equipments such as photovoltaic, wind-force can not be compared, operating cost (comprising maintenance and repair cost) is also minimum in all power generation systems, and system of the present invention can the difference of environmentally thermal source, or build large-scale system, or build small-sized system.
Example 1, plain edition scheme
This programme is applicable to general thermal source occasion, comprises and utilizes nature Environmental Heat Source or artificial environment thermal source, and as waste heat of plant, and the water of thermal source or gas need by suction pump or air exhauster action input liquid phase heat exchanger, therefore are called plain edition scheme.
Heat gathers mechanism 1, energy transfer mechanism 2, liquid body 3 of lowering the temperature is connected with pipeline in order with working medium circulation mechanism 4.Instant heating quantity set gathers the liquid phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve 11 in mechanism 1, liquid phase heat exchanger 12, liquid phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve 13, gas phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve 14, gas phase heat exchanger 15, gas phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve 16, safety check 17, can be regarded as the inlet valve 18 of the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater, the positive drive type condenser hot junction part 19 of superheater can be regarded as, the outlet valve 20 of the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater can be regarded as, and the safety check 26 in energy transfer mechanism 2, turbine engine air inlet adjustment valve 27, nozzle 28, turbine engine 29, turbine engine outlet valve 30, and the inlet valve 22 that can be regarded as the positive drive type condenser cold junction part of liquifier in cooling liquid body 3, positive drive type condenser 23, the outlet valve 24 of the positive drive type condenser cold junction part of liquifier can be regarded as, the liquid container inlet valve 33 finally and in working medium circulation mechanism 4, liquid container 34, liquid container outlet valve 35, working medium pump inlet valve 36, working medium pump 37, working medium pump outlet valve 38 is connected to form a closed circuit by said sequence pipeline.Working medium as this power cycle system forms directional flow circulation under working medium pump 37 drives in major loop, goes round and begins again.
(temperature, pressure, flow) first sensor 21 is mainly arranged on liquid phase heat exchanger, (temperature, pressure, flow) second sensor 31 be mainly arranged on the inlet of turbine engine, (temperature, pressure, flow) the 3rd sensor 25 be mainly arranged on the section port place, positive drive type condenser hot junction that can be regarded as superheater, four-sensor 39 is mainly arranged on liquid pump outlet port and liquid container, and the rotor shaft of generator 32 is connected with the center rotating shaft of turbine engine 29.
When the thermal source (water or certain gas) in physical environment or artificial environment enters liquid phase heat exchanger simultaneously by electronic regulated valve, working medium pump 37 starts, so the working medium in liquid container 34 is pumped to liquid phase heat exchanger 12, liquid working substance absorbs the heat in physical environment or artificial environment fully in heat exchanger reasonable in design, liquid working substance after temperature raises enters gas phase heat exchanger 15, absorb heat and gasify, after absorb from the isolated heat of positive drive type condenser again, heat up as overheated gas, cross hot working fluid air-flow and inject turbine engine 29 by modulating valve and nozzle act with flank speed, gas expansion promotes the central axis that impeller (if having impeller to talk about) makes turbine engine 29, what turbine engine 29 central shaft connected is the rotor shaft of generator 32, conductor cutting magnetic force lines, so generate electricity successfully.The outlet end of turbine engine 29 is communicated with the entrance point of positive drive type condenser 23, and returns into liquid container 34 by outlet valve 24 connecting tube, so completes a closed cycle of working medium.Due to the continuous running of working medium pump, endothermic gasification, acting, cooling liquefaction, whole process is constantly carried out, and goes round and begins again.
Feature of the present invention, in this programme, the physical environment of any temperature >=30 ± 10 DEG C or artificial environment can be set to thermal source, and utilize positive drive type condenser to dissolve the difficult problem that can not find corresponding suitable cold temperature source, and this programme can be implemented everywhere, convenient, easy.
Example 2, electricity-saving high efficiency type scheme
This programme relatively example 1 is called electricity-saving high efficiency type, because it does not need to draw water or bleed, decreases the power consumption of drawing water or bleeding, so electricity-saving high efficiency.Be suitable for water temperature throughout the year more than 30 ± 10 DEG C, have certain hydraulic gradiant, or have the mountain channel of certain flow rate, be also suitable for exporting the current in the waste heat of plant type of a poor location, certain pressure or air-flow.
This programme system is substantially identical with example 1, and power generation mode is also identical, and difference is in the technique how obtaining heat source water or gas.In this programme, liquid phase heat exchanger 12, gas phase heat exchanger 16 are directly placed in the river of flowing, therefore the water inlet (gas) of the heat exchange systems side of gas, liquid heat exchanger need be changed accordingly, and does not need to utilize electronic regulated valve, and should redefine heat exchange area according to the flow velocity of water.
Example 3, low temperature photo-thermal water storage type scheme
This programme relatively example 1 is called low temperature photo-thermal water storage type, because add heat accumulation facility and light field facility on the heat source solving higher, the temperature of latitude district lower.Be particularly suitable for the inland environment that illumination is long, water source is undesirable, though or have the ocean or lake river environment that sufficient water source diurnal temperature difference is larger.
This programme is substantially identical with example 1, and power generation mode is also identical, difference be thermal source to external world intervention and prepare.In this programme, light field focus lamp battle array utilizes the aqueous solution of the daytime of sunlight in focal heat water reservoir.The aqueous solution in water reservoir is exactly the thermal source of native system, and general water reservoir at least will have two, and it will be recycled.The size of water reservoir and the area of light field need be determined according to actual power power, and object is make native system can obtain stable generating round the clock.In the sufficient area of the water yield, as long as a water reservoir is just much of that, do not need to add heat accumulation agent in water.From the water that water reservoir is extracted out, the other end in ocean or river, lake after being extracted heat by gas, liquid heat exchanger 12,16, just directly can be drained into.
Example 4, geothermal well scheme
This programme is applicable to the environment of geothermal well.
This programme system is similar to example 1, but base area hot well water outlet situation makes a change by liquid phase heat exchanger, or liquid phase heat exchanger is directly placed in the pond that geothermal well emerges automatically, or take out the influent side of underground heat well water to the heat exchange systems of liquid phase heat exchanger with pump.Cryogenically hot well during if this geothermal well belongs to, water temperature is throughout the year constant in 90 ~ 28 DEG C, the ideal condition of this cryogenically hot well stable electric generation in being.But it is envisaged that owing to being rich in mineral matter element in underground heat well water, the inner easily scale effect heat conduction of liquid phase heat exchanger, certain special processing should be done and periodic cleaning in its surface, removing fouling.
Provide the description to preferred embodiment above, can use to make any technician in related domain or utilize the present invention.The various amendments of these embodiments are evident for personnel skilled in the art, total principle described here can be applied to other embodiments and use creativeness.Thus, the embodiment shown in the present invention will be not limited to here, and should according to the most wide range meeting disclosed principle and new feature here.
Claims (6)
1. the invention discloses a kind of novel energy converting system, comprise the heat be connected between two and gather mechanism, an energy transfer mechanism, cooling liquid body and a working medium circulation mechanism, whole system meets heat engine Rankine cycle system working principle and the second law of thermodynamics.Wherein:
Described heat gathers mechanism, utilizes liquid phase heat exchanger technology to gather, shifts heat in physical environment thermal source or artificial environment thermal source to working medium, working medium is obtained heat up, vaporization;
Described cooling liquid body, utilizes a kind of positive drive type condenser technology to realize efficiently radiates heat and the liquefaction of working medium tail gas;
Described working medium circulation mechanism, utilizes working medium pump and liquid container, the shuttling movement possibility providing working medium to go round and begin again in closed system;
Described energy transfer mechanism, utilizes nozzle and barometric damper, and making to enter heat to power output in-house working medium air-flow thermal power transfer is mechanical energy, and then mechanical energy is converted to electric energy.
The invention provides the super low temperature generation system of a kind of improvement, innovation, can utilize and be not limited to various low grade heat energy, and make this low grade heat energy be transformed into machine power acting, in connection, generator is exactly a kind of novel power generation system.
2. a kind of novel energy converting system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described heat gathers mechanism and comprises the liquid phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve being not limited to first sensor and being linked in sequence with some pipelines, liquid phase heat exchanger, liquid phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve, gas phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve, gas phase heat exchanger, gas phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve, safety check, the inlet valve of the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater can be regarded as, the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater can be regarded as, the outlet valve of the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater can be regarded as, and in some application and nonessential heat gathers water inlet (gas) electronic regulated valve of heat exchange systems side in mechanism.
Described energy transfer mechanism comprises the safety check, turbine engine air inlet adjustment valve, nozzle, turbine engine, turbine engine outlet valve and the generator (and control) that are not limited to the second sensor and are linked in sequence with some pipelines.
Described cooling liquid body comprise the positive drive type condenser cold junction part of the be regarded as liquifier being not limited to the 3rd sensor and be linked in sequence with some pipelines inlet valve, the positive drive type condenser cold junction part of liquifier can be regarded as, the outlet valve of the positive drive type condenser cold junction part of liquifier can be regarded as.
Described working medium circulation mechanism, comprise be not limited to four-sensor and be linked in sequence with some pipelines working medium pump inlet valve, working medium pump import, working medium pump outlet, working medium pump outlet valve, liquid container inlet valve, liquid container import, liquid container outlet, liquid container outlet valve.
Wherein, described heat is gathered gas phase heat exchanger sender property outlet valve in mechanism and is connected with safety check by pipeline, the safety check the other end is connected by the inlet valve that can be regarded as the positive drive type condenser hot junction part of superheater in pipeline and described cooling liquid body, this inlet valve is directly connected with the positive drive type condenser hot junction some Imported that can be regarded as superheater, its outlet is directly connected with the outlet valve of the positive drive type condenser hot junction part that can be regarded as superheater, be connected with safety check one end by pipeline again, the safety check the other end is connected with turbine engine air inlet adjustment valve in described energy transfer mechanism by pipeline, turbine engine air inlet adjustment valve is directly connected with turbine engine import (nozzle), its outlet is directly connected with turbine engine gas outlet valve, this gas outlet valve by pipeline with can be considered in described cooling liquid body that the positive drive type condenser cold side inlet valve of liquifier is connected, this inlet valve with can be considered that the positive drive type condenser cold side inlet of liquifier is directly connected, its outlet directly with can be considered that the positive drive type condenser cold side outlet valve of liquifier is connected, this outlet valve is connected with liquid container inlet valve in described working medium circulation mechanism by pipeline, liquid container inlet valve is directly connected with liquid container import, liquid container outlet is directly connected with liquid container outlet valve, be connected with working medium pump inlet valve by pipeline again, this inlet valve is directly connected with working medium pump import, working medium pump outlet is directly connected with working medium pump outlet valve, gather liquid phase heat exchanger working medium inlet valve in mechanism by pipeline and described heat to be connected, this inlet valve is directly connected with the import of liquid phase heat exchanger working medium, liquid phase heat exchanger sender property outlet is directly connected with outlet valve, be connected with gas phase heat exchanger inlet valve by pipeline again, this inlet valve is directly connected with the import of gas phase heat exchanger, formed and close major loop.
3. a kind of novel energy converting system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The described working medium physical property chosen meets following formula:
L × M+C × M × Δ T
1=C
1× N × Δ T
2phase transformation (gas → liquid, the liquid → gas) latent heat (kJ/kg) of---excluding in heat conversion efficiency and loss formula in calculating formula temporarily: L---working medium;
The working medium tail-gas quality (kg) that M---turbine engine is discharged;
The working medium tail gas specific heat (kJ/kg. DEG C) that C---turbine engine is discharged;
Δ T
1---the working medium tail gas cooling that turbine engine is discharged is post liquefaction with former temperature gap (DEG C);
N---absorb certain gaseous mass (kg) of working medium tail gas separation heat out;
C
1---absorb certain specific heats of gases (kJ/kg. DEG C) of working medium tail gas separation heat out;
Δ T
2---absorb after certain gas heating of working medium tail gas separation heat out with former temperature gap (DEG C).
If the heat carrier be separated is exactly systematic working medium gas itself, so C=C
1, M=N, then above-mentioned representation can be reduced to: L/C=Δ T
2-Δ T
1or Δ T
2=L/C+ Δ T
1
When room temperature environment (water or air) is regarded as " thermal source ", above-mentioned formula is selected to be important to systematic working medium.
4. a kind of novel energy converting system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The main body positive drive type condenser of described cooling liquid body, a kind of novel, advanced thermal release machinery (air wave refrigerating device), make use of shock wave and extensional wave that gas pressure can produce, unsteadiness expansion work is done to the resident gas in adopter, thus institute's heat content (espespecially heat of phase change) in gas being effectively separated and cooled liquefaction (" cold "), machine also exports in output " cold " heat (" heat ") be separated simultaneously.Here the refrigeration end (part) of positive drive type condenser can be regarded as liquifier, and heat output terminal (part) can be regarded as superheater.Isolated heat (espespecially heat of phase change) can be taken away by certain gas, and native system utilizes to gather the working medium circulation of having vaporized in mechanism at heat and so far absorb, and this working medium reheating heats up as overheated gas.Importantly, the tail gas pressure that turbine engine is discharged in the present system is not less than 0.3mpa, and separated " cold " and " heat " all obtains effective utilization simultaneously.
Described positive drive type condenser comprises and is not limited to state type or rotary, single-stage or multistage, that improve or do not improve Novel hot seperator, heat separator, air wave refrigerating device, pressure wave refrigerator, vascular refrigerator, ultrasound velocity condenser etc. working medium tail gas molecule institute heat content can be made to obtain any apparatus, the parts that are separated.
5. a kind of novel energy converting system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described first, second, third, fourth sensor comprise temperature transducer, pressure transducer and flow transducer wherein a kind of, two kinds or three kinds.
6. a kind of novel energy converting system according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described turbine engine comprises the Pneumatic component of any other forms such as common steam turbine, screw expansion motor, compresser cylinder, pneumatic motor, external-burning engine (Stirling).
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107387181A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-11-24 | 西京学院 | The Rankine Stirling combined cycle system utilized applied to mine car waste heat from tail gas |
| CN110701022A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-01-17 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Compressed air energy storage system capable of efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy and control method |
| CN110905765A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-24 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Compressed air energy storage system for efficiently utilizing low-grade heat energy and coupling gas turbine |
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| CN107120246A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-01 | 安徽新富地能源科技有限公司 | A kind of small geother-mal power generation device of heat-energy losses |
| WO2023040188A1 (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2023-03-23 | 成都佳灵绿色能源有限责任公司 | Zero-carbon cold power generator and power generation method therefor |
| CN114396341A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | Intermediate circulation heat dissipation system for combined engine |
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| CN104454049A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN105317485B (en) | 2018-04-20 |
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