CN110698625A - 一种粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110698625A
CN110698625A CN201910873858.1A CN201910873858A CN110698625A CN 110698625 A CN110698625 A CN 110698625A CN 201910873858 A CN201910873858 A CN 201910873858A CN 110698625 A CN110698625 A CN 110698625A
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鞠明杰
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Nanjing Ju Fa New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,属于聚合物合成及高分子材料制备领域。包括如下步骤:通过聚合物多元醇制备聚氨酯预聚物;向聚氨酯预聚物中加入已经高温真空脱水的环氧树脂,制备成同时含有异氰酸酯基团和环氧基团的B组分;按照预定比例复配聚氨酯固化剂,然后添加环氧树脂固化剂,制备成对聚氨酯体系和环氧体系皆具固化功能的A组分;由发泡机将A、B两个组分物料按比例混匀并浇注至模具中成型;最后,样品脱模并后熟化。本发明通过将聚氨酯树脂和环氧树脂杂化制备IPN结构的微孔弹性体,形成大量的具有优异形变回复能力的聚氨酯网络,可依靠聚合物内部特殊的网络结构消耗大量外来冲击能量且具备优异形变回复能力。

Description

一种粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物合成及高分子材料制备领域,尤其是一种粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法。
背景技术
粘弹性微孔弹性体形成特殊等级的聚氨酯-环氧杂化微孔弹性体,聚氨酯微孔弹性体的特征在于,通过例如动态力学性能(DMA)测试时,显示出较高的储能模量、能量释放速率和形变回复能力,因此多用于汽车、洗衣机和剃须刀等高频次震动工况下的减震和降噪,而现实许多应用中,如:电梯坑底缓冲器、索道缆车底部缓冲装置和码头沿岸内侧的防撞装置等,一旦发生电梯轿厢、索道缆车的自由落体或船体与码头的直接碰撞,人们希望缓冲材料能尽可能多的吸收并消耗冲击能量以保证生命和其他财产的安全而不要将能量先储存后释放,同时缓冲材料要具备一定的使用寿命。
现有微孔弹性体制备技术多是对应用于高频次震动下的纯聚氨酯微孔弹性体的合成及改性研究,如用于运动鞋底减震、用于汽车减震等。
发明内容
发明目的:提供一种粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,以解决现有技术中用于缓冲器的泡沫材料在面对巨大能量冲击时,能量消耗率低、反作用力大和产品易发生永久形变等技术问题。
技术方案:一种粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,包括:
S1、聚氨酯预聚物的制备:将具备预定分子量的聚合物多元醇于120℃下抽真空2h,降温至60℃,加入过量的异氰酸酯,并于该温度下反应2-3h,得到具有一定NCO含量的聚氨酯预聚物;
S2、B组分的制备:向S1步骤中加入一定量的已经高温真空脱水的环氧树脂,制备成同时含有异氰酸酯基团和环氧基团的B组分;
S3、聚氨酯固化剂的制备:以重量份计,按照如下比例配制聚氨酯固化剂:
聚合物多元醇: 45-90份
水 0.01-1份
扩链剂: 5-20份
匀泡剂: 0-1份
催化剂: 0-1份
色浆: 0-1份
S4、A组分的制备:根据S2步骤中环氧树脂的添加量,按照一定的比例向S3步骤聚氨酯固化剂中添加环氧树脂固化剂,配制成对异氰酸酯基团和环氧基团皆具固化功能的A组分;
S5、将S2步骤和S4步骤中的两个组分分别转移至聚氨酯双组分发泡机的2个物料罐中;
S6、由发泡机将双组分物料按比例混匀并浇注至模具中成型;
S7、2h后样品脱模并后熟化。
在进一步的实施例中,所述S1步骤中聚合物多元醇的分子量为1000-3000g/mol,官能度为2或3;至少为聚酯二元醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇、聚醚酯二元醇或聚醚多元醇其中一种。
在进一步的实施例中,所述聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚己二酸丙二醇酯、聚己二酸丁二醇酯、聚己二酸戊二醇酯、聚己二酸新戊二醇酯和聚己二酸己二醇酯中的一种;
在进一步的实施例中,所述聚醚酯二元醇为具有下式结构的三嵌段共聚物:
Figure 224423DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
在进一步的实施例中,所述聚醚多元醇为聚环氧丙烷二元醇或三元醇;
在进一步的实施例中,所述S1步骤中异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物;得到的聚氨酯预聚物的-NCO的重量百分数为12.6-22.0%。
在进一步的实施例中,所述S2步骤中环氧树脂为双酚A型的E55、E51、E44、E42和E36树脂中的一种;其添加量为步聚氨酯预聚物重量份数的9-40%。
在进一步的实施例中,所述S3步骤中所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、C225和A300中的一种或几种;所述聚合物多元醇的分子量为1000-3000g/mol,官能度为2或3;至少为聚酯二元醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇、聚醚酯二元醇或聚醚多元醇其中一种;所述扩链剂为乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇中的一种或几种;所述匀泡剂为硅油DC193;所述色浆为各种颜色的无溶剂型颜填料。
在进一步的实施例中,所述S4步骤中所述环氧树脂固化剂为不含活泼氢的胺类固化剂,具体为2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、N,N-二甲基苄胺、三乙烯二胺及反应掉活泼氢的各种改性吡啶化合物;所述环氧树脂固化剂添加量为中环氧树脂重量份的4-14.8%。
在进一步的实施例中,所述S6步骤的发泡机中B料和A料的出料重量比为1.0-2.0。
在进一步的实施例中,所制备粘弹性微孔弹性体的密度范围为300-900g/cm3,应用于缓冲器领域。
有益效果:本发明涉及一种粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,通过将聚氨酯树脂和环氧树脂杂化制备IPN结构的微孔弹性体,形成大量的具有优异形变回复能力的聚氨酯网络,可依靠聚合物内部特殊的网络结构消耗大量外来冲击能量且具备优异形变回复能力满足应用要求的形变回复能力,使得粘弹性微孔弹性体同时具有载荷高、缓冲性能好、安全系数高等特点。
具体实施方式
在下文的描述中,给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而,对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中,为了避免与本发明发生混淆,对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
IPN(Interpenetrating Polymer Network)即是两种或两种以上的共混聚合物,分子链相互贯穿,并至少一种聚合物分子链以化学键的方式交链而形成的网络结构。其最大特点是可以将热力学不相容的聚合物相混而形成至少在动力学上可以稳定的合金性质的物质,构成IPN结构的聚合物合金状态物质的各种聚合物本身均为连续相。
现有技术中几乎没有聚氨酯树脂和环氧树脂杂化制备IPN结构的微孔弹性体,仅有专利CN105348473A公布了一种木质纤维素增强聚氨酯/环氧树脂的硬质复合泡沫塑料的制备方法,但该材料本质上为硬质塑料泡沫,常温下不具备发生形变和消耗外来冲击能量的能力,仅适合于隔音等应用,而不能满足耗能型缓冲材料制品对材料微观分子结构、交联网络及宏观物化性能的要求。其余关于聚氨酯树脂和环氧树脂杂化的技术多是关于制备油/水性涂料或粘合剂,
双酚A型环氧树脂固化后多为硬塑料,具有较高的玻璃化温度,与聚氨酯体系不相容,如将二者混合制备成具有IPN(互穿网络)结构的微孔弹性体,可满足耗能型缓冲器的应用,其原理如下:IPN由于含有能起到“强迫相容”作用的互穿网络,不同聚合物分子相互缠结形成一个整体,不能解脱,因此一旦形成IPN结构,材料内部的聚氨酯结构和环氧结构则相互缠结,永不发生相分离。
从微观来讲,聚合物在压缩和回复过程中,分子链内部和分子链彼此之间均会发生相对滑移,产生内摩擦,从而消耗部分能量转化为热能。聚氨酯树脂同双酚A型环氧树脂形成的IPN结构在压缩过程中,一方面双酚A型环氧树脂含有大量的刚性基团和侧基,增大了分子链内部和分子链之间相对滑移时的摩擦力,另一方面,双酚A型环氧树脂玻璃化温度远高于常温,常温下其分子链处于冻结状态,分子链段运动能力弱,一旦收到外力,只能发生分子链整体运动而不能依靠分子链上共价键的旋转和形变来储存能量,这极大的增大了外力冲击时分子链段间相对滑移时的能量消耗。此外,聚氨酯-环氧杂化微孔弹性体中含有大量的具有优异形变回复能力的聚氨酯网络,因此在外力消失后,杂化弹性体仍具有满足应用要求的形变回复能力。
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步说明,所述的实施例的示例旨在解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术和反应条件者,可按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或产品说明书进行。凡未注明厂商的试剂、仪器或设备,均可通过市售获得。
实施例1
B料制备过程如下:取100份分子量为3000的聚四氢呋喃二元醇和100份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯于80℃下反应2h,得到-NCO含量为15.4%的预聚体,向其中加入50份已经高温真空脱水的E44环氧树脂得到B组分,环氧树脂在B料中占比20%;
A料按照如下比例进行配制:
聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇(分子量:2000g/mol): 70份
水 0.2份
1,4-丁二醇 10份
DC193 0.5份
二月桂酸丁基锡 1份
黑色浆 0.5份
N,N-二甲基苄胺 2份
2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚 2份
B料和A料配制完成后,转入双组份发泡机中,由双组份发泡机按照B料:A料=1.53的比例注入模具中,配方中环氧树脂固化剂为环氧树脂重量分数的14.8%,2h后脱模并后熟化,制得700g/cm3的黑色粘弹性微孔弹性体样块。
实施例2
B料制备过程如下:取100份分子量为1000的聚己二酸丁二醇酯和100份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯于80℃下反应2h,得到-NCO含量为12.6%的预聚体,向其中加入20份已经高温真空脱水的E51环氧树脂得到B组分,环氧树脂在B料中占比9%;
A料按照如下比例进行配制:
聚己二酸乙二醇酯(分子量:2000g/mol): 90份
水 1份
1,6-己二醇 5份
DC193 0.2份
二月桂酸丁基锡 0份
色浆 0份
2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚 1.8份
B料和A料配制完成后,转入双组份发泡机中,由双组份发泡机按照B料:A料=2.00的比例注入模具中,配方中环氧树脂固化剂为环氧树脂重量分数的10%,2h后脱模并后熟化,制得300g/cm3的原色(白色)粘弹性微孔弹性体样块。
实施例3
B料制备过程如下:取100份分子量为1000的聚环氧丙烷醚三元醇和100份甲苯二异氰酸酯于80℃下反应2h,得到-NCO含量为22%的预聚体,向其中加入135份已经高温真空脱水的E51环氧树脂得到B组分,环氧树脂在B料中占比40%;
A料按照如下比例进行配制:
聚环氧丙烷醚三元醇(分子量:100g/mol): 45份
水 0.01份
乙二醇 20份
DC193 0.8份
C225 0.2份
A300 0.6份
黑色浆 0.2份
改性吡啶 1.5份
B料和A料配制完成后,转入双组份发泡机中,由双组份发泡机按照B料:A料=1.00的比例注入模具中,配方中环氧树脂固化剂为环氧树脂重量分数的5%,2h后脱模并后熟化,制得500g/cm3的灰色粘弹性微孔弹性体样块。
实施例4
B料制备过程如下:取100份分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇和100份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯于80℃下反应2h,得到-NCO含量为14.7%的预聚体,向其中加入80份已经高温真空脱水的E36环氧树脂得到B组分,环氧树脂在B料中占比28%;
A料按照如下比例进行配制:
聚己二酸己二醇酯二元醇(分子量:2000g/mol) 60份
水 0.2份
乙二醇 10份
1,4-丁二醇 10份
DC193 1份
辛酸亚锡 0.6份
红色浆 1份
改性吡啶 2.0份
N,N-二甲基苄胺 1.5份
B料和A料配制完成后,转入双组份发泡机中,由双组份发泡机按照B料:A料=1.40的比例注入模具中,配方中环氧树脂固化剂为环氧树脂重量分数的10.5%,2h后脱模并后熟化,制得900g/cm3的红色粘弹性微孔弹性体样块。
实施例5
B料制备过程如下:取100份分子量为2000的聚醚酯二元醇和80份六亚甲基二异氰酸酯于80℃下反应2h,得到-NCO含量为19.8%的预聚体,向其中加入30份已经高温真空脱水的E42环氧树脂得到B组分,环氧树脂在B料中占比14.3%;
A料按照如下比例进行配制:
聚醚酯二元醇(分子量:1000g/mol): 55份
聚己二酸乙二醇酯(分子量:1000g/mol): 15份
水 0.01份
乙二醇 4份
1,6-己二醇 8份
DC193 0份
C225 0.7份
黄色浆 0.9份
改性吡啶 1.0份
2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚: 1.5份
B料和A料配制完成后,转入双组份发泡机中,由双组份发泡机按照B料:A料=1.82的比例注入模具中,配方中环氧树脂固化剂为环氧树脂重量分数的11.5%,2h后脱模并后熟化,制得650g/cm3的黄色粘弹性微孔弹性体样块。
实施例6
B料制备过程如下:取100份分子量为1000的聚醚酯二元醇和60份二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯和50份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯于80℃下反应3h,得到-NCO含量为13.2%的预聚体,向其中加入40份已经高温真空脱水的E55环氧树脂得到B组分,环氧树脂在B料中占比16%;
A料按照如下比例进行配制:
聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇(分子量:2000g/mol) 50份
聚环氧丙烷醚二元醇(分子量:1000g/mol) 30份
水 0.8份
1,4-丁二醇 9份
1,6-己二醇 5份
DC193 0.1份
A300 0.4份
蓝色浆 0.4份
改性吡啶 0.5份
2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚 0.4份
B料和A料配制完成后,转入双组份发泡机中,由双组份发泡机按照B料:A料=1.35的比例注入模具中,配方中环氧树脂固化剂为环氧树脂重量分数的4.4%,2h后脱模并后熟化,制得450g/cm3的浅蓝色粘弹性微孔弹性体样块。
对比例1-6
从市场上多个不同公司采购的用于阻尼缓冲的微孔弹性体材料,其尺寸同样为150mm×150mm×100mm;其密度与实施例1-6所制备的粘弹性微孔弹性体样块的密度相同。
检测例
测试方法及过程:将样品放置测试塔铁板中间,用于冲击的砝码上安装有力学传感器,将冲击砝码上升至距离样品上表面75mm高度的位置,然后使砝码发生自由落体运动对样品进行冲击,并由力学传感器记录相关数据,由数据分析仪进行数据结果分析。在冲击过程中,砝码的最大减速度越小,说明冲击能量被样品吸收并消耗的越多。冲击测试结束30min时测量样品的回复高度,并记录。
其实验结果如下表:
Figure 507636DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
从上表可以看出,实施例组相较于对比例组在消耗能量上有极大优势,在样品回复能力上实施例组也与对比例组也基本持平。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。

Claims (9)

1.一种粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
S1、聚氨酯预聚物的制备:将具备预定分子量的聚合物多元醇于120℃下抽真空2h,降温至60℃,加入过量的异氰酸酯,并于该温度下反应2-3h,得到具有一定NCO含量的聚氨酯预聚物;
S2、B组分的制备:向S1步骤中加入一定量的已经高温真空脱水的环氧树脂,制备成同时含有异氰酸酯基团和环氧基团的B组分;
S3、聚氨酯固化剂的制备:以重量份计,按照如下比例配制聚氨酯固化剂:
聚合物多元醇: 45-90份
水 0.01-1份
扩链剂: 5-20份
匀泡剂: 0-1份
催化剂: 0-1份
色浆: 0-1份
S4、A组分的制备:根据S2步骤中环氧树脂的添加量,按照一定的比例向S3步骤聚氨酯固化剂中添加环氧树脂固化剂,配制成对异氰酸酯基团和环氧基团皆具固化功能的A组分;
S5、将S2步骤和S4步骤中的两个组分分别转移至聚氨酯双组分发泡机的2个物料罐中;
S6、由发泡机将双组分物料按比例混匀并浇注至模具中成型;
S7、2h后样品脱模并后熟化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1步骤中聚合物多元醇的分子量为1000-3000g/mol,官能度为2或3;至少为聚酯二元醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇、聚醚酯二元醇或聚醚多元醇其中一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚己二酸丙二醇酯、聚己二酸丁二醇酯、聚己二酸戊二醇酯、聚己二酸新戊二醇酯和聚己二酸己二醇酯中的一种;
所述聚醚酯二元醇为具有下式结构的三嵌段共聚物:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
所述聚醚多元醇为聚环氧丙烷二元醇或三元醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S1步骤中
异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种或几种的混合物;
得到的聚氨酯预聚物的-NCO的重量百分数为12.6-22.0%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2步骤中环氧树脂为双酚A型的E55、E51、E44、E42和E36树脂中的一种;其添加量为聚氨酯预聚物重量份数的9-40%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S3步骤中
所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、C225和A300中的一种或几种;
所述聚合物多元醇的分子量为1000-3000g/mol,官能度为2或3;至少为聚酯二元醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇、聚醚酯二元醇或聚醚多元醇其中一种;
所述扩链剂为乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇中的一种或几种;
所述匀泡剂为硅油DC193;
所述色浆为各种颜色的无溶剂型颜填料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S4步骤中
所述环氧树脂固化剂为不含活泼氢的胺类固化剂,具体为2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚、N,N-二甲基苄胺、三乙烯二胺及反应掉活泼氢的各种改性吡啶化合物;
所述环氧树脂固化剂添加量为中环氧树脂重量份的4-14.8%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S6步骤的发泡机中B料和A料的出料重量比为1.0-2.0。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的粘弹性微孔弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于,所制备粘弹性微孔弹性体的密度范围为300-900g/cm3,应用于缓冲器领域。
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CN111484596A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-08-04 惠州市和成机械设备有限公司 一种改性建材及其制备方法
CN116063843A (zh) * 2023-04-07 2023-05-05 海鹰企业集团有限责任公司 一种深海水声换能器密封包覆材料及其制备方法

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CN111484596A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-08-04 惠州市和成机械设备有限公司 一种改性建材及其制备方法
CN111484596B (zh) * 2020-04-15 2022-02-18 惠州市和成机械设备有限公司 一种改性建材及其制备方法
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