CN110696604A - 一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统 - Google Patents

一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN110696604A
CN110696604A CN201911180658.4A CN201911180658A CN110696604A CN 110696604 A CN110696604 A CN 110696604A CN 201911180658 A CN201911180658 A CN 201911180658A CN 110696604 A CN110696604 A CN 110696604A
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driving motor
power
clutch
axle
rear axle
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万忠政
刘亚闪
王鹏
郝明明
刘亮
刘超
王维振
郑慧娜
张艳静
张阳光
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Luoyang Intelligent Agricultural Equipment Research Institute Co Ltd
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Luoyang Intelligent Agricultural Equipment Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统，包括液压泵、发动机、发电机、前桥变速器、第一驱动电机、前控制器、蓄电池组、第二驱动电机、后控制器、后桥离合器、PTO离合器、后桥变速器、连接离合器和动力输出轴传动箱，所述发电机的输出端分别与第一驱动电机、蓄电池组和第二驱动电机的输入端电连接，本电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统通过发动机通过发电机直接供给驱动电机或通过发电机进行发电，进行电力储存，蓄电池根据工况进行充放电，使发动机工作在最低油耗点。当工作要求高输出时，发电机直接连接电动机，与蓄电池组共同为后者供电，减少了能量转换过程中的损失。

Description

一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及电动拖拉机技术领域，具体为一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统。
背景技术
目前，传统的拖拉机一般采用柴油动力，其造成的空气污染和石油消耗越来越严重，已成为环境污染和能源消耗的重要组成部分。而纯电动机拖拉机，克服了以上问题，但蓄电池续航是一个大问题，极大可能造成拖拉机作业时，中途滞留。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有的缺陷，提供一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统采用串联式混合动力驱动，不但减少了环境污染和能源消耗，而且直接利用发动机连接发电机进行发电并且将电力储存在蓄电池中，解决了蓄电池续航时间短的问题，可以有效解决背景技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统，包括液压泵、发动机、发电机、前桥变速器、第一驱动电机、前控制器、蓄电池组、第二驱动电机、后控制器、后桥离合器、PTO离合器、后桥变速器、连接离合器和动力输出轴传动箱，所述发电机的输出端分别与第一驱动电机、蓄电池组和第二驱动电机的输入端电连接，蓄电池组输出端分别与前控制器和后控制器的输入端电连接，前控制器的输出端与第一驱动电机的输入端电连接，第一驱动电机的动力输出轴与前桥变速器的动力输入轴相连，后控制器的输出端与第二驱动电机的输入端电连接，第二驱动电机的动力输出轴与后桥变速器的动力输入轴相连，前桥变速器与后桥变速器通过连接离合器相连向后桥输出动力，前桥变速器的动力输出轴与第一差速箱的输入轴相连，第一差速箱的输出轴通过传动轴连接有前车轮。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述前控制器、第一驱动电机、前桥变速器和第一差速箱组成前驱动桥系统。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述后控制器、第二驱动电机、后桥变速器、后桥离合器和第二差速箱组成后驱动桥系统，所述前桥驱动系统通过连接离合器与后桥驱动系统相连。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述后桥变速器的动力输出轴通过后桥离合器与第二差速箱的输入轴相连。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述发动机的输出轴通过PTO离合器与动力输出轴传动箱的动力输入轴相连。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述发动机的输出轴与液压泵相连。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统通过发动机通过发电机直接供给驱动电机或通过发电机进行发电，进行电力储存，蓄电池根据工况进行充放电，使发动机工作在最低油耗点。当工作要求高输出时，发电机直接连接电动机，与蓄电池组共同为后者供电，减少了能量转换过程中的损失，同时动机可同时向PTO和发电机提供动力输出，不仅能够驱动拖拉机在各种功率匹配下工作，当拖拉机在田间工作时，需要动力输出时，通过PTO离合器进行连接，由发动机直接输出到PTO。本发明在前桥和后桥之间添加了一个离合器，可实现两驱、四驱随意转换，以便拖拉机在不同的工作条件下，可以更顺利作业，提高工作效率，同时发动机的输出轴与液压泵相连，为转向机构和提升装置提供能源。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图。
图中：1液压泵、2发动机、3发电机、4前桥变速器、5前车轮、6第一差速箱、7第一驱动电机、8前控制器、9蓄电池组、10第二驱动电机、11后控制器、12后桥离合器、13第二差速箱、14 PTO离合器、15动力输出轴传动箱、16后车轮、17后桥变速器、18连接离合器。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，
实施例1：
第一驱动电机7驱动整车行走，连接离合器18结合，后桥离合器12结合，后桥被驱动，第一驱动电机7设定为高功率模式，前桥变速器4处于低档，前电机驱动前两档变速器和前传动轴旋转，将动力传递至前桥带动前车轮5旋转，驱动整机行走；发电机3和蓄电池组9为第一驱动电机7供电，当发电机3供应满足功率需求时，蓄电池充电或不工作；当功率需求超过发电功率时，蓄电池组9也为第一驱动电机7供电，减少能量转换的损失，发动机2设置在合适功率区间，通过PTO离合器14结合驱动动力输出轴传动箱15的动力输入轴，从而驱动旋耕机具工作，该模式主要用于电动拖拉机的旋耕、开沟、收获、移栽等作业，在前桥和机具的共同驱动下，既满足了整机驱动的需求，使PTO的输出功率满足拖拉机设计标准的要求。
实施例2：
连接离合器18断开，第一驱动电机7与第二驱动电机10驱动整车行走，PTO离合器14断开，动力输出轴传动箱15无动力输出；前桥变速器4工作在高档位，前电机驱动变速器和传动轴旋转，将动力传递至前桥带动前车轮5旋转；后桥变速器17在低档位，第二驱动电机10驱动后桥变速器17旋转，后桥离合器12结合将动力由传动轴至后车桥，驱动后车轮16旋转；前、后驱动电机设定为高功率模式，该模式主要用于电动拖拉机的犁，耙，中耕等作业。前、后驱动电机分别驱动前、后车桥的车轮旋转使整机行走，满足了整机输出最大牵引力，同时带动犁、耙、中耕等农机具作业的需求，发电机3和蓄电池组9为第一驱动电机7供电，当发电机3供应满足功率需求时，蓄电池充电或不工作；当功率需求超过发电功率时，蓄电池组9也为第一驱动电机7供电，减少能量转换的损失。
实施例3：
连接离合器18断开，第一驱动电机7和第二驱动电机10驱动整车行走，蓄电池组9不工作，发电机2为两驱动电机供电，多余电能储存在蓄电池组9，若蓄电池组9电量满溢，发电机3按需为驱动电机供电，PTO离合器14断开，动力输出轴传动箱15无动力输出；前桥变速器4在高档位，后桥变速器17在低档位；前、后电机设定为低功率模式，该模式主要用于电动拖拉机的田播种、施肥、喷药、间转移、挂接机具等作业。前、后电机分别驱动前、后车桥车轮旋转使整机行走，输出牵引力小于牵引模式，工作过程同牵引模式。
实施例4：
连接离合器18断开，第一驱动电机7不工作，第二驱动电机10驱动后车桥车轮旋转使整机行走，满足了整机道路运输或转移的作业需求；后桥变速器17在高档位，第一驱动电机7不工作，前桥变速器4处于空档，第二驱动电机10驱动后桥变速器17旋转，后桥离合器12结合将动力由传动轴传递至后车桥，驱动后车轮16旋转，PTO离合器14断开，动力输出轴传动箱15无动力输出；在后车轮16的驱动下使整机高速行走。
本发明将发动机的动力输出分为了两部分，一部分传给发电机端，由发电机根据不同工况对电动机和蓄电池进行功率分配，一部分传递到PTO端进行不同作业，是能量得到充分利用，发电机可将能量按需分配给电动机，将多余的能量储存在蓄电池中，以备不时之需。发电机直接连接电动机减少了能量损失，连接蓄电池将多于电能储存，减少了能量损失，使发动机工作在最低油耗点，在前后桥之间添加了一个离合器，使得拖拉机可以两驱、四驱随意换，保证在各种工作状态下能够作业顺利，提高使用范围，同时电动机及变速箱的协同调速，使得调速范围更广，可以满足各种作业的要求，提高了使用便利性。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统，包括液压泵(1)、发动机(2)、发电机(3)、前桥变速器(4)、第一驱动电机(7)、前控制器(8)、蓄电池组(9)、第二驱动电机(10)、后控制器(11)、后桥离合器(12)、PTO离合器(14)、后桥变速器(17)、连接离合器(18)和动力输出轴传动箱(15)，其特征在于：所述发动机(2)的输出端与发电机(3)的输入端相连，发电机(3)的输出端分别与第一驱动电机(7)、蓄电池组(9)和第二驱动电机(10)的输入端电连接，蓄电池组(9)输出端分别与前控制器(8)和后控制器(11)的输入端电连接，前控制器(8)的输出端与第一驱动电机(7)的输入端电连接，第一驱动电机(7)的动力输出轴与前桥变速器(4)的动力输入轴相连，后控制器(11)的输出端与第二驱动电机(10)的输入端电连接，第二驱动电机(10)的动力输出轴与后桥变速器(17)的动力输入轴相连，前桥变速器(4)与后桥变速器(17)通过连接离合器(18)相连向后桥输出动力，前桥变速器(4)的动力输出轴与第一差速箱(6)的输入轴相连，第一差速箱(6)的输出轴通过传动轴连接有前车轮(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统，其特征在于：所述前控制器(8)、第一驱动电机(7)、前桥变速器(4)和第一差速箱(6)组成前驱动桥系统。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统，其特征在于：所述后控制器(11)、第二驱动电机(10)、后桥变速器(17)、后桥离合器(12)和第二差速箱(13)组成后驱动桥系统，所述前桥驱动系统通过连接离合器(18)与后桥驱动系统相连。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统，其特征在于：所述后桥变速器(17)的动力输出轴通过后桥离合器(12)与第二差速箱(13)的输入轴相连。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统，其特征在于：所述发动机(2)的输出轴通过PTO离合器(14)与动力输出轴传动箱(15)的动力输入轴相连。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种电动拖拉机串联混合动力驱动系统，其特征在于：所述发动机(2)的输出轴与液压泵(1)相连。
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