CN110694073A - 一种载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料及其制备方法,将蒙脱土用硫酸溶液充分搅拌浸泡,然后干燥,250~350℃煅烧3~5h;然后用多聚磷酸钠溶液在50~65℃下充分搅拌浸泡,然后干燥,250~350℃煅烧3~5h;之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;将抗肿瘤药物溶于PBS缓冲液中,并与活化的蒙脱土、石墨烯混合后,喷雾干燥,制得载药蒙脱土;将制备的载药蒙脱土经等离子处理器处理活化,真空条件下再与丝氨酸一同在PBS缓冲液中分散,冷冻干燥后即得。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料领域,具体是一种载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
大分子药物包括脂质体不能透过血管进入正常组织,但在肿瘤组织蓄积量增加、贮留时间延长,这种现象被称为EPR效应。利用该效应,目前,人们开发了多种治疗肿瘤的药物制剂,主要有脂质体、各类型胶束等。通过脂质体和胶束包载抗肿瘤药物,达到靶向肿瘤部位的作用,仍然存在诸多问题,如体内半衰期过短,载药量不够,毒副作用较大等。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种长循环高载药量以及毒性较低的载药改性纳米蒙脱土材料。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将蒙脱土用硫酸溶液充分搅拌浸泡,然后干燥,250~350℃煅烧3~5h;然后用多聚磷酸钠溶液在50~65℃下充分搅拌浸泡,然后干燥,250~350℃煅烧3~5h;之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;
(2)将抗肿瘤药物溶于PBS缓冲液中,并与步骤(1)活化的蒙脱土、石墨烯混合后,喷雾干燥,制得载药蒙脱土;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的载药蒙脱土经等离子处理器处理活化,真空条件下再与丝氨酸一同在PBS缓冲液中分散,冷冻干燥后即得。
具体地,步骤(1)中,所述硫酸溶液的浓度为40~60g/L,优选50g/L;所述多聚磷酸钠溶液为15~30g/L,优选20g/L。
步骤(1)中先对蒙脱土进行酸改性,削弱原来层间的结合力,使层间晶格裂开,层间距扩大,改性后的比表面积和吸附能力显著增加。多聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡使蒙脱土有更好的膨胀性、阳离子交换性,水介质中的分散性、粘性、润滑性、热稳定性及较高热湿压强度和抗压强度。煅烧是蒙脱土酸改性和钠化改性的一部分,为了获得和固化改性后的效果。
步骤(2)中,所述抗肿瘤药物与PBS缓冲液的质量体积比为1~5mg/100~500ml,优选;所述PBS缓冲液的pH值为7~7.5。
所述抗肿瘤药物、活化的蒙脱土、石墨烯的质量比为(1~5):(10~50):(10~50),优选1:10:10。石墨烯是分散剂,能够嵌入蒙脱土片层,促进蒙脱土分散。
所述喷雾干燥的进风温度为130-160℃,优选150℃;进料流速为0.5-1L/h,优选为0.8L/h。
步骤(3)中,所述等离子处理器的处理条件为:气体采用氮气或氧气,优选为氧气;处理功率为250-300W,优选为280W;压强50-60Pa,优选为55Pa;处理时间为10-15min,优选为12min。等离子处理是为了再次活化蒙脱土表面基团,丝氨酸能够接枝其上。
所述真空条件为0.010-0.060mBar,优选为0.024mBar。非真空条件,可能使蒙脱土活化的表面基团重新钝化,不利于后续反应。
步骤(3)中,载药蒙脱土、丝氨酸与PBS缓冲液的质量体积比为(1~5)mg:(2~10)mg:(5~20)ml,优选为3mg:8mg:15ml。
所述冷冻干燥条件为温度-50~-20℃,优选为-40℃;真空度为0.010-0.024mBar,优选为0.020mBar。
步骤(2)中,所述抗肿瘤药物为阿霉素或紫杉醇。
采用上述方法制备得到的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料也在本发明的保护范围中。
有益效果:
1、本发明制备的活化蒙脱土平均晶片厚度小于25nm,吸附力极强,不易代谢,同时具有较好生物相容性,同时120nm粒径下的蒙脱土在血循环中的滞留半衰期极长。
2、本发明载药蒙脱土经等离子体处理及丝氨酸表面修饰,蒙脱土的吸附性能大大增强。除了蒙脱土的物理吸附,其表面修饰的丝氨酸具有氨基、羟基和羧基,对药物的吸附还有一定的离子键、氢键等作用。因此,本发明制备的材料具有更好的缓释特性和更小的突释效应。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做更进一步的具体说明,本发明的上述和/或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。
图1为实施例1所制备的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料电镜图。
图2为实施例与对比例材料的体外释放曲线图。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。
实施例1
步骤一:将蒙脱土K-10用50g/L硫酸溶液浸泡,搅拌2h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,再用20g/L多聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡,温度60℃,搅拌时间12h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;
步骤二:将3mg阿霉素溶于300ml pH7.4的PBS缓冲液,并与30mg活化蒙脱土、30mg石墨烯混合后,喷雾干燥,进风温度为150℃,进料流速为0.8L/h制得载药蒙脱土;
步骤三:将3mg载药蒙脱土经等离子处理器处理活化,等离子体处理的条件为:气体采用氧气,处理功率为280W,压强55Pa,处理时间为12min。在真空度为0.024mBar条件下,与8mg丝氨酸一同在15ml PBS缓冲液中分散,-40℃、0.020mBar冷冻干燥后制得载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料。
图1给出了实施例1所制备的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料电镜图。
实施例2
步骤一:将蒙脱土K-10用50g/L硫酸溶液浸泡,搅拌2h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,再用20g/L多聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡,温度60℃,搅拌时间12h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;
步骤二:将5mg阿霉素溶于100ml pH7.4的PBS缓冲液,并与10mg活化蒙脱土、10mg石墨烯混合后,喷雾干燥,进风温度为130℃,进料流速为0.5L/h制得载药蒙脱土;
步骤三:将1mg载药蒙脱土经等离子处理器处理活化,等离子体处理的条件为:气体采用氮气,处理功率为250W,压强50Pa,处理时间为10min。在真空度为0.010mBar条件下,与2mg丝氨酸一同在5ml PBS缓冲液中分散,-50℃、0.010mBar冷冻干燥后制得载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料。
实施例3
步骤一:将蒙脱土K-10用50g/L硫酸溶液浸泡,搅拌2h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,再用20g/L多聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡,温度60℃,搅拌时间12h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;
步骤二:将1mg紫杉醇溶于500ml pH7.4的PBS缓冲液,并与50mg活化蒙脱土、50mg石墨烯混合后,喷雾干燥,进风温度为160℃,进料流速为1L/h制得载药蒙脱土;
步骤三:将5mg载药蒙脱土经等离子处理器处理活化,等离子体处理的条件为:气体采用氧气,处理功率为300W,压强60Pa,处理时间为15min。在真空度为0.060mBar条件下,与10mg丝氨酸一同在20ml PBS缓冲液中分散,-20℃、0.024mBar冷冻干燥后制得载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料。
对比例1(无等离子处理)
步骤一:将蒙脱土K-10用50g/L硫酸溶液浸泡,搅拌2h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,再用20g/L多聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡,温度60℃,搅拌时间12h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;
步骤二:将3mg紫杉醇溶于300ml pH7.4的PBS缓冲液,并与30mg活化蒙脱土、30mg石墨烯混合后,喷雾干燥,进风温度为150℃,进料流速为0.8L/h制得载药蒙脱土;
步骤三:在真空度为0.024mBar条件下,将3mg载药蒙脱土与8mg丝氨酸一同在15mlPBS缓冲液中分散,-40℃、0.020mBar冷冻干燥后制得载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料。
对比例2(无真空条件)
步骤一:将蒙脱土K-10用50g/L硫酸溶液浸泡,搅拌2h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,再用20g/L多聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡,温度60℃,搅拌时间12h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;
步骤二:将3mg阿霉素溶于300ml pH7.4的PBS缓冲液,并与30mg活化蒙脱土、30mg石墨烯混合后,喷雾干燥,进风温度为150℃,进料流速为0.8L/h制得载药蒙脱土;
步骤三:将3mg载药蒙脱土经等离子处理器处理活化,等离子体处理的条件为:气体采用氧气,处理功率为280W,压强55Pa,处理时间为12min。与8mg丝氨酸一同在15ml PBS缓冲液中分散,-40℃、0.020mBar冷冻干燥后制得载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料。
对比例3(无丝氨酸接枝)
步骤一:将蒙脱土K-10用50g/L硫酸溶液浸泡,搅拌2h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,再用20g/L多聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡,温度60℃,搅拌时间12h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;
步骤二:将3mg阿霉素溶于300ml pH7.4的PBS缓冲液,并与30mg活化蒙脱土、30mg石墨烯混合后,喷雾干燥,进风温度为150℃,进料流速为0.8L/h制得载药蒙脱土;
步骤三:将3mg载药蒙脱土经等离子处理器处理活化,等离子体处理的条件为:气体采用氧气,处理功率为280W,压强55Pa,处理时间为12min。在真空度为0.024mBar条件下,将载药蒙脱土在15ml PBS缓冲液中分散,-40℃、0.020mBar冷冻干燥后制得载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料。
对比例4(无石墨烯)
步骤一:将蒙脱土K-10用50g/L硫酸溶液浸泡,搅拌2h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,再用20g/L多聚磷酸钠溶液浸泡,温度60℃,搅拌时间12h,然后干燥,300℃煅烧4h,之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;
步骤二:将3mg紫杉醇溶于300ml pH7.4的PBS缓冲液,并与30mg活化蒙脱土混合后,喷雾干燥,进风温度为150℃,进料流速为0.8L/h制得载药蒙脱土;
步骤三:将3mg载药蒙脱土经等离子处理器处理活化,等离子体处理的条件为:气体采用氧气,处理功率为280W,压强55Pa,处理时间为12min。在真空度为0.024mBar条件下,与8mg丝氨酸一同在15ml PBS缓冲液中分散,-40℃、0.020mBar冷冻干燥后制得载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料。
包封率的测定方法:取100mg材料,加入10ml PBS缓冲液,充分搅拌后,15000r/min离心30min,取上清用荧光分光光度计测定阿霉素含量(实施例1-2和对比例2-3),激发波长为479nm,发射波长为587nm;取上清用HPLC检测紫杉醇含量(实施例3和对比例1、4)
紫杉醇HPLC检测方法如下:
色谱柱采用Inersil ODS-3C18(250mm×4.6mm,5mm),流动相为乙腈:水,流速比为60:40,流速为1mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长为227nm,进样量为20μl。
其中包封率采用如下公式计算:
其中W总制备100mg材料时所加入的阿霉素或紫杉醇的量;W上清为离心后上清液中的阿霉素或紫杉醇质量,即未被包载的阿霉素或紫杉醇质量。
表1实施例与对比例制备材料的包封率
从表1可知,本发明所制备的材料其包封率都明显高于对比例,说明本发明制备方法能够大大提高材料的吸附载药性能。
巨噬细胞摄取实验:
吸取1mL小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)悬液(4×105个细胞)与50mg各种材料混合,在37℃分别孵育0.5h、1h、2h、4h,每10min振摇1次,使细胞-材料悬液混合均匀。将混合液置冰浴中以终止细胞吞噬作用后,1500r/min离心5min,细胞沉淀经PBS缓冲液洗涤(3次,每次0.5mL)后破碎细胞测定胞内阿霉素或紫杉醇的含量,计算巨噬细胞对材料的摄取百分率。
摄取百分率采用如下公式计算:
其中WC为胞内所含阿霉素或紫杉醇的质量;WD为50mg材料中所包载阿霉素或紫杉醇的质量。
表2实施例和对比例材料巨噬细胞摄取实验结果
从表2可知,与对比例相比,本发明实施例制备的三种材料均可显著减少巨噬细胞吞噬(P<0.01)。
体外释放曲线测定方法:
取材料100mg,加到1LPBS缓冲液中,放入37℃恒温水浴中,低速振荡进行释放实验。设置取样时间点为,1h,3h,6h,10h,1d,2d,4d,7d,在指定时间点取5ml样品溶液,20000r/min离心10min,取上清在荧光分光光度计上测量释放出来的阿霉素含量。
由图2可知,对比例的材料2d的累积释放百分率接近100%;而本发明制备的材料突释效应很小,阿霉素的释放速率基本符合线性规律,且释放速率很小,表明材料的控释效果较好,这有利于减小药物的毒副作用。
本发明提供了一种载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料及其制备方法的思路及方法,具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (10)
1.一种载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将蒙脱土用硫酸溶液充分搅拌浸泡,然后干燥,250~350℃煅烧3~5h;然后用多聚磷酸钠溶液在50~65℃下充分搅拌浸泡,然后干燥,250~350℃煅烧3~5h;之后经研磨过筛获得粒径<120nm的活化蒙脱土;
(2)将抗肿瘤药物溶于PBS缓冲液中,并与步骤(1)活化的蒙脱土、石墨烯混合后,喷雾干燥,制得载药蒙脱土;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的载药蒙脱土经等离子处理器处理活化,真空条件下再与丝氨酸一同在PBS缓冲液中分散,冷冻干燥后即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述抗肿瘤药物与PBS缓冲液的质量体积比为1~5mg/100~500ml;所述PBS缓冲液的pH值为7~7.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述抗肿瘤药物、活化的蒙脱土、石墨烯的质量比为(1~5):(10~50):(10~50)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述喷雾干燥的进风温度为130-160℃,进料流速为0.5-1L/h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述等离子处理器的处理条件为:气体采用氮气或氧气,处理功率为250-300W,压强50-60Pa,处理时间为10-15min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述真空条件为0.010-0.060mBar。
7.根据权利要求1所述的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,载药蒙脱土、丝氨酸与PBS缓冲液的质量体积比为(1~5)mg:(2~10)mg:(5~20)ml。
8.根据权利要求1所述的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述冷冻干燥条件为温度-50~-20℃,真空度为0.010-0.024mBar。
9.根据权利要求1所述的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述抗肿瘤药物为阿霉素或紫杉醇。
10.权利要求1~9中任意一种制备方法制备得到的载药长循环改性纳米蒙脱土材料。
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