CN1106907A - 用于循环流化床燃烧的内部颗粒收集室 - Google Patents

用于循环流化床燃烧的内部颗粒收集室 Download PDF

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CN1106907A
CN1106907A CN94113427A CN94113427A CN1106907A CN 1106907 A CN1106907 A CN 1106907A CN 94113427 A CN94113427 A CN 94113427A CN 94113427 A CN94113427 A CN 94113427A CN 1106907 A CN1106907 A CN 1106907A
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burner
particle
bed combustion
fluidized bed
chamber
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CN1052061C (zh
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R·S·施考维拉
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Alsthom Power Co.
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/02—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the combustion space being a chamber substantially at atmospheric pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

用于循环流化床燃烧系统的颗粒分离和收集系 统(26)结合在燃烧器(12)的内部。沿着燃烧器(12) 的一个水壁(14)形成一个或多个颗粒收集室(26)，所 述室(26)的壁(28，30)也是水冷的。室(26)可以含 有热交换表面(40)和在每个室(26)的底部设置装置 (42)以控制颗粒从室(26)返回燃烧器(12)的流动。

Description

本发明涉及一种循环流化床燃烧系统，特别是涉及一种用于使固体颗粒分离并返回燃烧器的系统。
流化床燃烧的一个主要特点是能够以环境上可接受的方式燃烧高硫燃料而不需用烟道气洗涤器。在流化床燃烧中，在燃烧过程中由流化床中的一种吸着剂材料，通常是石灰石，将燃料中所含的许多硫除去。
一种类型的流化床燃烧是循环流化床系统。在该系统中，燃烧器中的气速是鼓泡流化床系统中的三至四倍。石灰石的小的固体颗粒被向上携带通过并流出燃烧器，并且均匀的较低密度的气/固混合物遍及整个系统。由于固体以比气体低的速度运动经过该系统，而得到有效的固体停留时间。长的停留时间结合小的颗粒尺寸，在使用较低的吸着剂石灰石进料量的情况下产生了高的燃烧效率和高的氧化硫除去率。
在循环流化床燃烧系统中，从燃烧器中被带出的固体与气体分离开并返回燃烧器中。这通常用旋风分离器完成，所述旋风分离器在燃烧器外部并通过一水平气道连接。这些旋风分离器是水冷的、汽冷的或带耐火衬的。这些外部旋风分离器需要相当大的构造空间，而且在燃烧器、水平气道和旋风分离器之间产生不同的热膨胀问题。
本发明的一个目的是将循环流化床燃烧系统的颗粒分离系统与燃烧器合并，并使颗粒直接再循环进入燃烧器。
图1是本发明的结合颗粒分离和循环系统的循环流化床燃烧系统的简化的正视图。
图2是沿图1的线2-2的截面图。
图3是说明改进的颗粒流动控制装置的颗粒收集室的底部视图。
图4是颗粒流动控制装置的另一种改进型式。
参照图1，表示一种循环流化床燃烧系统，该系统包括有带水壁（waterwalls）14的燃烧器12。这些水壁14限定了燃烧器的轮廓并使整个结构带衬。顾名思义，水壁是蒸汽发生流程的一部分，在该流程中水被转化成饱和蒸汽。来自水壁的蒸汽流经蒸汽锅筒16，在该处蒸汽与水分离并经过过热器（未示出）。来自蒸汽锅筒16的水然后在降液管17中再循环返回水壁。
在18处将煤加到燃烧器12中，同时在20处加入石灰石。主要的流化空气在燃烧器的底部的22处加到空气送气室21中，同时辅助的燃烧空气在24处加入。
在循环流化床燃烧系统中，固体与烟道气一起被携带向上并流出燃烧器。这些固体含有相当大量的未反应的石灰石和燃料，它们与烟道气分离并再循环进入燃烧器。在本发明中，所述分离在分离室26中完成，所述分离室在燃烧器12内部。这与常规的分离器相反，常规分离器在燃烧器外部并通过一管道相连。在这些附图中，表示有两个分离室26，但也可以只有一个室或多于两个室。每个室26均由水壁构成，所述水壁形成蒸汽发生器的蒸汽发生流程的一部分。如附图所示，这些室的水壁部分由燃烧器12的水壁14构成。其余部分由形成室的水壁28和室分割水壁30构成。
形成室的水壁28和室分割水壁30的上端在燃烧器的顶32的下面中止，形成从燃烧器的主要部分进入分离室上方的空间的通道34。如图所示，形成室的水壁28可以由向上经过该通道34的热交换表面36悬挂。烟道气和悬浮的固体经该通道34进入该室上方的空间。绝大多数15微米以上的颗粒从烟道气物流中向下落入该室中，同时烟道气和较细的颗粒从出口管道38排出。所收集的颗粒向下经过每个室并将它们的一部分热传递给这些室的水壁。这些室的水壁可以涂覆一层材料以减小室壁的磨耗或腐蚀。
热交换表面40如蒸发过热和再热表面可以设置在每个室的一部分中。该热交换表面如此构造使得它不妨碍固体流出每个室的底部返回燃烧器的较低段。另外，在每个室的底部可以有调节所收集的颗粒的返回流动的装置。该装置还形成在燃烧器中的高压和所述室中的较低压之间的加压密封。
在图1中，该装置包含一个水冷的排灰阀42，该阀上下往复移动以改变室底部的流出开口。固体在每个室中的聚集形成加压密封。图3表示另一种形式的密封，该种密封可以用于间歇排放，包括分别带有入口阀46和出口阀48的一个压力容器44。一种进一步的选择方案是图4所示的密封罐型设备50，其中流化空气52控制固体经过溢流通道54向外的排放流动。
本发明的内部颗粒收集室的使用需要较少的构造空间，由于热损失较少改进了整个装置的效率，还由于热损失较少加快了启动速度，并且使由热膨胀引起的问题减至最小。

Claims (5)

1、一种循环流化床燃烧系统，它包括一个有四个水冷壁的燃烧器、用于将燃料和吸着剂引入所述燃烧器的较低段的装置、用于将流化燃烧空气引入所述燃烧器的底部的装置和在所述燃烧器的顶部的烟道气排出装置，其中改进包含在所述燃烧器的内部沿着所述四个燃烧器壁之一在所述烟道气排出装置下方设置至少一个颗粒收集室，所述颗粒收集室有限定所述室的水冷壁，在所述室的底部使分离后的颗粒返回所述燃烧器的所述较低段的颗粒出口，设置在所述室中用于从所述收集的颗粒中取出热量的热交换装置和用于控制颗粒经过所述出口的流动速率的装置。
2、一种如权利要求1中所述的循环流化床燃烧系统，其特征是所述四个水冷的燃烧器壁之一包含所述室的一个侧面。
3、一种如权利要求1中所述的循环流化床燃烧系统，它包括沿所述一个燃烧器壁设置的多个所述颗粒收集室。
4、一种如权利要求1中所述的循环流化床燃烧系统，其特征在于所述用于控制颗粒流动速率的装置包含一个水冷的排放阀。
5、一种如权利要求1中所述的循环流化床燃烧系统，其特征是所述用于控制所述颗粒流动速率的装置包含一个通过入口阀与所述室连接的压力容器，并且该压力容器包括一个用于控制颗粒从所述压力容器向所述燃烧器排放的出口阀。
CN94113427A 1993-12-29 1994-12-29 用于循环流化床燃烧的内部颗粒收集室 Expired - Fee Related CN1052061C (zh)

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US08/176,346 US5372096A (en) 1993-12-29 1993-12-29 Internal particle collecting cells for circulating fluid bed combustion

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107107013A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2017-08-29 托普索公司 颗粒分离催化化学反应器和颗粒分离器

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US5601788A (en) * 1991-09-25 1997-02-11 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Combined cycle power plant with circulating fluidized bed reactor
FI93701C (fi) * 1993-06-11 1995-05-26 Ahlstroem Oy Menetelmä ja laite kuumien kaasujen käsittelemiseksi
AT402846B (de) * 1994-05-31 1997-09-25 Austrian Energy & Environment Verbrennungsanlage nach dem prinzip einer zirkulierenden wirbelschicht
SE9601391L (sv) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-13 Abb Carbon Ab Förfarande för förbränning och förbränningsanläggning
SE9601390L (sv) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-13 Abb Carbon Ab Förbränningsanläggning och förfarande för förbränning
US8968669B2 (en) 2013-05-06 2015-03-03 Llang-Yuh Chen Multi-stage system for producing a material of a battery cell
US11673112B2 (en) 2020-06-28 2023-06-13 eJoule, Inc. System and process with assisted gas flow inside a reaction chamber
US11121354B2 (en) 2019-06-28 2021-09-14 eJoule, Inc. System with power jet modules and method thereof
US11376559B2 (en) 2019-06-28 2022-07-05 eJoule, Inc. Processing system and method for producing a particulate material

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US5171542A (en) * 1984-03-20 1992-12-15 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Circulating fluidized bed reactor
FI76004B (fi) * 1986-03-24 1988-05-31 Seppo Kalervo Ruottu Cirkulationsmassareaktor.
FI85184C (fi) * 1986-05-19 1992-03-10 Ahlstroem Oy Virvelbaeddsreaktor.
DK633488D0 (da) * 1988-11-11 1988-11-11 Risoe Forskningscenter Reaktor
US4951612A (en) * 1989-05-25 1990-08-28 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Circulating fluidized bed reactor utilizing integral curved arm separators
US5277151A (en) * 1993-01-19 1994-01-11 Tampella Power Corporation Integral water-cooled circulating fluidized bed boiler system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107107013A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2017-08-29 托普索公司 颗粒分离催化化学反应器和颗粒分离器

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KR950019366A (ko) 1995-07-22
US5372096A (en) 1994-12-13
MY114377A (en) 2002-10-31
KR0171065B1 (ko) 1999-03-20
CN1052061C (zh) 2000-05-03

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