CN110684341A - Preparation method of impact-resistant insulation board - Google Patents
Preparation method of impact-resistant insulation board Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an impact-resistant insulation board. According to the invention, a modified reaction product, cement powder and other materials are mixed, polyether polyol and other auxiliaries are added for mixing, hot pressing and drying are carried out to obtain the impact-resistant insulation board, saccharide components are utilized to increase the bonding degree of fibers to other components in the insulation board, the mechanical property of the insulation board is improved, the fiber components have a large amount of hydroxyl, carboxyl and other groups, the microstructure strength in the insulation board is improved, and the mechanical property of the insulation board is enhanced to improve the impact strength and toughness; the citric acid is utilized to treat the plant fiber, so that a large number of carboxyl functional groups are combined on the surface of the plant fiber, the mechanical strength and rigidity of the fiber are enhanced, the mechanical strength and toughness of the insulation board are further improved, the space between the fibers is increased, the heat transfer effect is reduced, meanwhile, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the plant fiber component is low, the insulation performance of the insulation board is enhanced, and the application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an impact-resistant insulation board.
Background
Along with the continuous development of economy, the living standard of people is continuously improved, the proportion of building energy consumption is also increased year by year, and the energy shortage is a fundamental restriction factor restricting the economic development of China, so that the energy consumption of buildings is saved, and the significance of popularization and implementation of building energy saving work is great and imperative. The building energy conservation is developed, the indoor environment can be improved and more comfortable, and the energy utilization rate can be improved.
At present, the heat-insulating decorative boards for buildings on the market are mainly of three types, namely inorganic cement panel single-face composite type, inorganic cement panel and bottom board double-face composite type and thin stone panel single-face composite type. The inorganic cement panel single-side composite type heat-insulation decorative finished board is usually compounded by adopting a fiber-reinforced calcium silicate board or a fiber cement flat board and an organic heat-insulation material, and the heat-insulation material has poor sound-insulation effect and brings inconvenience to the life of people; the inorganic cement panel and the bottom plate double-sided composite type heat preservation and decoration finished board are usually compounded by adopting a fiber reinforced calcium silicate board or a fiber cement flat board and inorganic heat preservation material rock wool strips, but the heat preservation effect of the rock wool strips is poor, and the heat preservation and decoration finished board is generally thick, so that inconvenience is brought to construction; the thin stone panel is of a single-side composite type, the thickness of common thin stone is about 10-12 mm, the mass per unit area of a heat-insulation decorative finished board prepared by the thin stone panel exceeds a standard upper limit value, the heat-insulation decorative finished board is heavy in weight and poor in safety, and once the heat-insulation decorative finished board falls off, the heat-insulation decorative finished board causes great loss to the safety of life and property of people. In addition, the existing building external wall insulation board is exposed to the external conditions of wind, sunshine and rain for a long time, is easy to corrode and destroy, not only affects the overall appearance of the external wall, but also loses the protection effect on the inner layer, and the overall structural strength and the like are affected.
The modified foaming cement heat-insulating board is a cement-based light porous inorganic fireproof heat-insulating board which is mainly developed by using common portland cement as a cementing material through technical measures such as material modification, formula optimization, equipment modification and the like, has the characteristics of good heat-insulating performance, light density, high strength, low water absorption, fireproof safety, stable volume and the like, has the combustion performance of A1 level, and is a product widely applied to the fireproof isolation of an outer wall at present. The fiber-reinforced modified foamed cement insulation board is prepared by the steps of laying the fiber layer in a mold, injecting raw materials of the foamed cement insulation board into the mold, stirring, maintaining and forming, and the properties of the fiber-reinforced modified foamed cement insulation board prepared by the method, such as alkali resistance, corrosion resistance, cracking resistance, impermeability, frost resistance, impact resistance, peeling resistance, breaking strength and the like, are further improved compared with the properties of the modified foamed cement insulation board. However, the method needs a plurality of moulds, only can prepare the single-layer fiber reinforced modified foamed cement insulation board, and has the advantages of small yield in unit time and high product cost. In addition, since the modified foamed cement insulation board is very easy to be damaged, the actual use specification of the modified foamed cement insulation board is usually 400mm to 400mm, although the crack resistance and the breaking strength of the modified foamed cement insulation board can be improved by adding the fiber layer, the actual use specification of the modified foamed cement insulation board can be controlled within 800mm to 800mm, and the technical problem in the field is always solved if the specification of the fiber-reinforced modified foamed cement insulation board is to be larger.
According to the statistical analysis of the ministry of construction, 40% of energy consumption is in the building field, especially on the outer wall of a building, a low-carbon energy-saving society is built, and the heat preservation and energy conservation of the outer wall of the building are the problems which are mainly emphasized and solved.
At present, most researches on wall thermal insulation materials are an organic thermal insulation material system and an inorganic thermal insulation material system. However, the existing organic heat-insulating materials have good heat-insulating effect, but have low ignition point, are easy to cause fire disaster, release a large amount of smoke toxicity after combustion, and have great potential safety hazard; the inorganic heat-insulating material has various defects although the fire resistance level is high, namely the inorganic heat-insulating material has good fire-proof heat-insulating effect, but has low strength, is not waterproof, has short service life, and can degrade to release harmful dust, such as rock wool and glass wool which are most used at present; or the heat preservation effect is not ideal and the strength is poor, such as foam concrete, heat preservation mortar, foamed ceramics and foamed glass; or the fireproof heat-preservation effect is good, but the manufacturing energy consumption is high, the cost is high, and the fireproof heat-preservation effect cannot be used in the building industry, such as aerogel blankets.
The existing heat preservation plate comprises: the heat preservation effect is general, the mechanical property is general, the impact resistance is general, and the like.
Therefore, the invention of the excellent heat-insulation board has positive significance to the field of building materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the defects that the heat insulation performance of the existing heat insulation plate is poor and the impact resistance of the heat insulation plate is poor due to poor mechanical property, the preparation method of the impact-resistant heat insulation plate is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of an impact-resistant insulation board is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
putting the modified reaction product, cement powder, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, kaolin and sodium silicate into a centrifuge to be uniformly mixed to obtain a material to be reacted, putting the material to be reacted, polyether polyol, polyisocyanate and water into a mold to be uniformly mixed, putting the material to be reacted, the polyether polyol, the polyisocyanate and the water into a hot press to be pressed for 15-20 min under the conditions that the temperature is 140-150 ℃ and the pressing pressure is 10-12 MPa, drying the material after pressing for 4-5 h, and discharging the material to obtain the impact-resistant heat-insulation board;
the specific preparation steps of the modified reaction product are as follows:
putting the thermal expansion reaction product and 5-9% by mass of calcium chloride solution into a beaker, mixing and stirring, adding 10-12% by mass of sodium hydroxide solution dropwise after stirring to adjust the pH value to 11-12 to prepare mixed emulsion, putting the mixed emulsion into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating under the conditions of the rotation speed of 500-600 r/min and the temperature of 110-120 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to prepare a modified reaction product;
the specific preparation steps of the swelling reaction product are as follows:
(1) putting cotton and bagasse into an oven, drying for 2-3 h at 60-70 ℃, crushing and grinding to obtain a dried material after drying, putting the dried material and 6-10% by mass of hydrochloric acid into a beaker, and mixing and stirring for 30-40 min by using a stirring device at a rotating speed of 300-350 r/min to obtain a mixed dispersion liquid;
(2) putting the mixed dispersion liquid and aluminum chloride crystal powder into a three-neck flask, mixing and stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min by using a stirring device to prepare mixed slurry, dropwise adding a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 8-10% into the three-neck flask, and stirring for 50-60 min at the rotating speed of 1000-1200 r/min by using a stirrer to prepare an acidic mixed liquid;
(3) putting the acidic mixed solution and 10-15% by mass of sodium hydroxide solution into a reaction kettle, adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle to 40-50 ℃, mixing and stirring for 30-40 min to obtain a reaction solution, adding 5-7% by mass of silicon dioxide powder into the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 140-160 ℃, and reacting at a constant temperature for 60-80 min to obtain a reaction emulsion;
(4) dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5-9% into a reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 6.2-6.5, stirring with a stirrer at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min for 40-50 min to obtain a prefabricated solution, adding vermiculite powder into the reaction kettle, mixing and stirring to obtain a pretreatment slurry, putting the pretreatment slurry into a beaker, placing the beaker into a microwave oven, performing microwave treatment at the power of 700-800W for 10-15 min, filtering after treatment to obtain filter residues, and sequentially washing with hydrogen peroxide and distilled water for 3-5 times to obtain a thermal expansion reaction product.
Preferably, the modified reaction product comprises, by weight, 8-10 parts of cement powder, 50-55 parts of cement powder, 2-3 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 4-6 parts of kaolin and 1-2 parts of sodium silicate.
Preferably, the mixed material to be reacted comprises 10-12 parts by weight of polyether polyol 20-22 parts by weight of polyisocyanate 50-55 parts by weight of water 3-5 parts by weight of the mixed material.
The mass ratio of the thermal expansion reaction product to the calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5-9% in the specific preparation step of the modified reaction product is 1: 5.
The mass ratio of cotton to bagasse in the specific preparation step (1) of the swelling reaction product is 10: 1.
The mass ratio of the dry material to hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 6-10% in the specific preparation step (1) of the swelling reaction product is 1: 5.
The mass ratio of the mixed dispersion liquid to the aluminum chloride crystal powder described in the specific preparation step (2) of the swelling reaction product was 15: 1.
Specifically, in the step (2) for preparing the swelling reaction product, the mass of the citric acid solution dropwise added into the three-neck flask with the mass fraction of 8-10% is 20-25% of the mass of the mixed slurry.
The specific preparation method of the swelling reaction product comprises the following steps that (1) the mass ratio of the acidic mixed solution to a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% is 5: 1.
the mass of the vermiculite powder added into the reaction kettle in the specific preparation step (4) of the expansion reaction product is 4-6% of the mass of the prefabricated solution.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) the invention firstly dries and crushes cotton and bagasse to prepare dry materials, then the dry materials are mixed with hydrochloric acid to prepare mixed dispersion liquid, then aluminum ions are added into the mixed dispersion liquid, citric acid solution is dripped into the mixed liquid to be stirred to prepare acid mixed liquid, then sodium hydroxide solution is added into the acid mixed liquid to react, silicon dioxide is added into the acid mixed liquid to carry out high temperature reaction after the reaction, vermiculite is added into the acid mixed liquid to carry out microwave reaction to prepare thermal expansion reaction products after the reaction, calcium chloride is added into the thermal expansion reaction products to be mixed, alkali liquor is added into the mixture to react, modified reaction products are prepared by concentration and evaporation after the reaction, finally polyether glycol and other materials are mixed, hot pressing and drying are carried out to obtain the impact-resistant insulation board, the invention mixes the cotton and the bagasse, uses acid liquor to soak and carry out high temperature treatment and separation to obtain plant fiber, meanwhile, the bagasse contains sucrose components, the sucrose components are decomposed under high temperature and acidic conditions to generate a saccharide organic compound with smaller molecular weight, the contact area of the whole saccharide organic compound is increased, so that the saccharide components are utilized to increase the bonding degree of fibers to other components in the insulation board, the compactness and structural strength of an internal space structure in the insulation board are improved, the mechanical property of the insulation board is improved, meanwhile, the fiber components have a large amount of hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and other groups, the fiber components are adsorbed by hydrogen bonds to form an adsorption effect among the fiber components, a cross-linked closed network structure is formed, the structural strength of a microstructure in the insulation board is improved, and the mechanical property of the insulation board is enhanced to improve the impact resistance strength and toughness of the insulation board;
(2) according to the invention, citric acid is utilized to treat plant fibers, so that a large number of carboxyl functional groups are combined on the surfaces of the plant fibers, carboxyl groups are utilized to adsorb aluminum ions, hydrogen bonds are utilized to adsorb silicon dioxide molecules, alkali liquor reaction is utilized to react the aluminum ions to generate meta-aluminate ions, the silicon dioxide molecules are hydrolyzed to generate silicate ions, the pH value is adjusted to be neutral, and after heating reaction, the aluminum oxide molecules and the silicon dioxide molecules are formed in the fiber structure, so that the mechanical strength and the rigidity of the fibers are enhanced, the mechanical strength and the toughness of the insulation board are further improved, the spacing between the fibers is increased, the heat transfer effect is reduced, meanwhile, the heat conductivity coefficient of the plant fiber components is low, the heat insulation performance of the insulation board can be improved by dispersing the plant fiber components in the insulation board, the heat insulation performance.
Detailed Description
Putting cotton and bagasse into an oven according to a mass ratio of 10:1, drying for 2-3 h at a temperature of 60-70 ℃, crushing and grinding to obtain a dried material after drying, putting the dried material and 6-10% hydrochloric acid according to a mass ratio of 1:5 into a beaker, and mixing and stirring for 30-40 min by using a stirring device at a rotating speed of 300-350 r/min to obtain a mixed dispersion liquid; putting the mixed dispersion liquid and aluminum chloride crystal powder into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 15:1, mixing and stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min by using a stirring device to prepare mixed slurry, dropwise adding a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 8-10% and the mass of 20-25% of the mixed slurry into the three-neck flask, and stirring for 50-60 min at the rotating speed of 1000-1200 r/min by using a stirrer to prepare an acid mixed solution; mixing the acidic mixed solution with a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% according to the mass ratio of 5:1, putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle to 40-50 ℃, mixing and stirring for 30-40 min to prepare a reaction liquid, adding silicon dioxide powder accounting for 5-7% of the mass of the reaction liquid into the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 140-160 ℃, and reacting at a constant temperature for 60-80 min to prepare a reaction emulsion; dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5-9% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 6.2-6.5, stirring the mixture for 40-50 min at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min by using a stirrer to prepare a prefabricated solution, adding vermiculite powder with the mass fraction of 4-6% of the prefabricated solution into the reaction kettle, mixing and stirring the mixture to prepare a pretreated slurry, putting the pretreated slurry into a beaker, placing the beaker into a microwave oven, carrying out microwave treatment for 10-15 min under the condition that the power is 700-800W, filtering the pretreated slurry to obtain filter residue, and sequentially washing the filter residue with hydrogen peroxide and distilled water for 3-5 times to prepare a thermal expansion reaction product; putting the thermal expansion reaction product and a calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5-9% into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:5, mixing and stirring, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-12% dropwise after stirring to adjust the pH value to 11-12 to prepare a mixed emulsion, putting the mixed emulsion into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating under the conditions that the rotating speed is 500-600 r/min and the temperature is 110-120 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to prepare a modified reaction product; putting 8-10 parts by weight of the modified reaction product, 50-55 parts by weight of cement powder, 2-3 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 4-6 parts by weight of kaolin and 1-2 parts by weight of sodium silicate into a centrifuge to be uniformly mixed to obtain a material to be reacted, putting 10-12 parts by weight of the material to be reacted, 20-22 parts by weight of polyether polyol, 50-55 parts by weight of polyisocyanate and 3-5 parts by weight of water into a mold to be uniformly mixed, putting into a hot press to be pressed for 15-20 min under the conditions that the temperature is 140-150 ℃ and the pressing pressure is 10-12 MPa, drying after pressing for 4-5 h, and discharging to obtain the impact-resistant heat-insulating board.
Example 1
Preparation of mixed dispersion:
putting cotton and bagasse into an oven according to a mass ratio of 10:1, drying for 2h at 60 ℃, crushing and grinding to obtain a dried material after drying, putting the dried material and 6% hydrochloric acid according to a mass ratio of 1:5 into a beaker, and mixing and stirring for 30min at a rotating speed of 300r/min by using a stirring device to obtain a mixed dispersion liquid;
preparing an acidic mixed solution:
putting the mixed dispersion liquid and aluminum chloride crystal powder into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 15:1, mixing and stirring for 30min at the rotating speed of 500r/min by using a stirring device to prepare mixed slurry, dropwise adding a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 8% and the mass percentage of 20% of the mixed slurry into the three-neck flask, and stirring for 50min at the rotating speed of 1000r/min by using a stirrer to prepare an acid mixed solution;
preparation of reaction emulsion:
mixing the acidic mixed solution with a 10% sodium hydroxide solution according to a mass ratio of 5:1, putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle to 40 ℃, mixing and stirring the mixture for 30min to prepare a reaction solution, adding silicon dioxide powder accounting for 5 percent of the mass of the reaction solution into the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 140 ℃, and reacting the mixture at a constant temperature for 60min to prepare a reaction emulsion;
preparation of the thermal expansion reaction product:
dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 6.2, stirring the mixture for 40min at the rotating speed of 500r/min by using a stirrer to prepare a prefabricated solution, adding vermiculite powder with the mass fraction of 4% of the prefabricated solution into the reaction kettle, mixing and stirring the mixture to prepare a pretreatment slurry, putting the pretreatment slurry into a beaker, placing the beaker into a microwave oven, performing microwave treatment for 10min under the condition that the power is 700W, filtering the mixture to obtain filter residue after treatment, and washing the filter residue with hydrogen peroxide and distilled water for 3 times in sequence to prepare a thermal expansion reaction product;
preparation of modified reaction product:
putting the thermal expansion reaction product and a calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5% into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:5, mixing and stirring, adding dropwise a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10% after stirring to adjust the pH value to 11 to prepare a mixed emulsion, putting the mixed emulsion into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating under the conditions of the rotating speed of 500r/min and the temperature of 110 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to prepare a modified reaction product;
preparing an impact-resistant insulation board:
putting 8 parts of the modified reaction product, 50 parts of cement powder, 2 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 4 parts of kaolin and 1 part of sodium silicate into a centrifugal machine, uniformly mixing to obtain a to-be-reacted mixed material, putting 10 parts of the to-be-reacted mixed material, 20 parts of polyether polyol, 50 parts of polyisocyanate and 3 parts of water into a mould, uniformly mixing, putting into a hot press, pressing for 15min under the conditions that the temperature is 140 ℃ and the pressing pressure is 10MPa, drying for 4h after pressing, and discharging to obtain the impact-resistant heat-insulating board.
Example 2
Preparation of mixed dispersion:
putting cotton and bagasse into an oven according to a mass ratio of 10:1, drying for 2.5h at 65 ℃, crushing and grinding to obtain a dried material after drying, putting the dried material and 8% hydrochloric acid according to a mass ratio of 1:5 into a beaker, and mixing and stirring for 35min at a rotating speed of 325r/min by using a stirring device to obtain a mixed dispersion liquid;
preparing an acidic mixed solution:
putting the mixed dispersion liquid and aluminum chloride crystal powder into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 15:1, mixing and stirring for 35min at the rotating speed of 550r/min by using a stirring device to prepare mixed slurry, dropwise adding a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 9% and the mass of 22.5% of the mixed slurry into the three-neck flask, and stirring for 55min at the rotating speed of 1100r/min by using a stirrer to prepare an acid mixed solution;
preparation of reaction emulsion:
mixing the acidic mixed solution with a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 12.5% according to the mass ratio of 5:1, putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle to 45 ℃, mixing and stirring the mixture for 35min to prepare a reaction solution, adding silicon dioxide powder with the mass of 6% of the reaction solution into the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 150 ℃, and reacting the mixture at a constant temperature for 70min to prepare a reaction emulsion;
preparation of the thermal expansion reaction product:
dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 7% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 6.35, stirring for 45min at the rotating speed of 550r/min by using a stirrer to prepare a prefabricated solution, adding vermiculite powder with the mass fraction of 5% of the prefabricated solution into the reaction kettle, mixing and stirring to prepare a pretreatment slurry, putting the pretreatment slurry into a beaker, placing the beaker into a microwave oven, carrying out microwave treatment for 12.5min under the condition that the power is 750W, filtering after treatment to obtain filter residue, and washing with hydrogen peroxide and distilled water for 4 times in sequence to prepare a thermal expansion reaction product;
preparation of modified reaction product:
putting the thermal expansion reaction product and a calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 7% into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:5, mixing and stirring, adding dropwise a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 11% after stirring to adjust the pH value to 11.5 to prepare a mixed emulsion, putting the mixed emulsion into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating under the conditions of the rotation speed of 550r/min and the temperature of 115 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to prepare a modified reaction product;
preparing an impact-resistant insulation board:
and putting 9 parts of the modified reaction product, 52.5 parts of cement powder, 2.5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 5 parts of kaolin and 1.5 parts of sodium silicate into a centrifugal machine to be uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture to be reacted, putting 11 parts of the mixture to be reacted, 21 parts of polyether polyol, 52.5 parts of polyisocyanate and 4 parts of water into a die to be uniformly mixed according to parts by weight, putting the mixture into a hot press to be pressed for 17.5min under the conditions that the temperature is 145 ℃ and the pressing pressure is 11MPa, drying the pressed mixture for 4.5h, and discharging the dried mixture to obtain the impact-resistant heat-insulating board.
Example 3
Preparation of mixed dispersion:
putting cotton and bagasse into an oven according to a mass ratio of 10:1, drying for 3h at 70 ℃, crushing and grinding to prepare a dried material after drying, putting the dried material and 10% hydrochloric acid according to a mass ratio of 1:5 into a beaker, and mixing and stirring for 40min at a rotating speed of 350r/min by using a stirring device to prepare a mixed dispersion liquid;
preparing an acidic mixed solution:
putting the mixed dispersion liquid and aluminum chloride crystal powder into a three-neck flask according to the mass ratio of 15:1, mixing and stirring for 40min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a stirring device to prepare mixed slurry, dropwise adding a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 10% and the mass of 25% of the mixed slurry into the three-neck flask, and stirring for 60min at the rotating speed of 1200r/min by using a stirrer to prepare an acid mixed solution;
preparation of reaction emulsion:
mixing the acidic mixed solution with a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 15% according to the mass ratio of 5:1, putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle to 50 ℃, mixing and stirring the mixture for 40min to prepare reaction liquid, adding silicon dioxide powder accounting for 7 percent of the mass of the reaction liquid into the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 160 ℃, and reacting the mixture for 80min at constant temperature to prepare reaction emulsion;
preparation of the thermal expansion reaction product:
dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 9% into the reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 6.5, stirring for 50min at the rotating speed of 600r/min by using a stirrer to prepare a prefabricated solution, adding vermiculite powder with the mass fraction of 6% of the prefabricated solution into the reaction kettle, mixing and stirring to prepare a pretreatment slurry, putting the pretreatment slurry into a beaker, placing the beaker into a microwave oven, carrying out microwave treatment for 15min under the condition that the power is 800W, filtering after treatment to obtain filter residue, and washing with hydrogen peroxide and distilled water for 5 times in sequence to prepare a thermal expansion reaction product;
preparation of modified reaction product:
putting the thermal expansion reaction product and 9 mass percent calcium chloride solution into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:5, mixing and stirring, adding dropwise 12 mass percent sodium hydroxide solution after stirring to adjust the pH value to 12 to prepare mixed emulsion, putting the mixed emulsion into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating under the conditions of the rotating speed of 600r/min and the temperature of 120 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to prepare a modified reaction product;
preparing an impact-resistant insulation board:
putting 10 parts of the modified reaction product, 55 parts of cement powder, 3 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6 parts of kaolin and 2 parts of sodium silicate into a centrifugal machine, uniformly mixing to obtain a to-be-reacted mixed material, putting 12 parts of the to-be-reacted mixed material, 22 parts of polyether polyol, 55 parts of polyisocyanate and 5 parts of water into a mould, uniformly mixing, putting into a hot press, pressing for 20min under the conditions that the temperature is 150 ℃ and the pressing pressure is 12MPa, drying for 5h after pressing, and discharging to obtain the impact-resistant heat-insulating board.
Comparative example 1 was prepared substantially the same as example 1 except for the lack of an acidic mixture.
Comparative example 2 was prepared essentially the same as example 1 except for the absence of the modified reaction product.
Comparative example 3 insulation board manufactured by shaoxing company.
The performance of the insulation boards in the invention and the comparative example are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 1:
the detection method comprises the following steps:
the thermal conductivity was measured with reference to GBl0294-2008 standard.
And (3) testing the bending strength:
and (4) detecting by using a three-point bending measurement testing machine.
Notched impact strength: the container bottom plates prepared in the examples and comparative examples were prepared into specimens having a length of 120mm and a width of 10mm, a notch having a V-shape with an angle of 45 DEG and a radius of 0.3mm was located at the middle of the specimen, and the specimens were tested by a simple beam pendulum impact tester having a pendulum impact energy of 50J, an impact velocity of 3.8m/s and a span of 70mm, and the notch impact strength was measured.
TABLE 1 test results of the properties of the insulation boards
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity (W/m. K) | 0.027 | 0.026 | 0.024 | 0.078 | 0.071 | 0.065 |
| Flexural Strength (MPa) | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
| Notched impact strength (kJ/m)3） | 26.6 | 26.8 | 26.9 | 17.2 | 18.1 | 19.3 |
As can be seen from the table 1, the impact-resistant insulation board prepared by the invention has the advantages of low heat conductivity coefficient, excellent insulation performance, good mechanical property, high bending strength and notch impact strength, good impact resistance and wide application prospect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as the subject matter of the invention is to be construed in all aspects and as broadly as possible, and all changes, equivalents and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an impact-resistant insulation board is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
putting the modified reaction product, cement powder, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, kaolin and sodium silicate into a centrifuge to be uniformly mixed to obtain a material to be reacted, putting the material to be reacted, polyether polyol, polyisocyanate and water into a mold to be uniformly mixed, putting the material to be reacted, the polyether polyol, the polyisocyanate and the water into a hot press to be pressed for 15-20 min under the conditions that the temperature is 140-150 ℃ and the pressing pressure is 10-12 MPa, drying the material after pressing for 4-5 h, and discharging the material to obtain the impact-resistant heat-insulation board;
the specific preparation steps of the modified reaction product are as follows:
putting the thermal expansion reaction product and 5-9% by mass of calcium chloride solution into a beaker, mixing and stirring, adding 10-12% by mass of sodium hydroxide solution dropwise after stirring to adjust the pH value to 11-12 to prepare mixed emulsion, putting the mixed emulsion into a rotary evaporator, and concentrating under the conditions of the rotation speed of 500-600 r/min and the temperature of 110-120 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to prepare a modified reaction product;
the specific preparation steps of the swelling reaction product are as follows:
(1) putting cotton and bagasse into an oven, drying for 2-3 h at 60-70 ℃, crushing and grinding to obtain a dried material after drying, putting the dried material and 6-10% by mass of hydrochloric acid into a beaker, and mixing and stirring for 30-40 min by using a stirring device at a rotating speed of 300-350 r/min to obtain a mixed dispersion liquid;
(2) putting the mixed dispersion liquid and aluminum chloride crystal powder into a three-neck flask, mixing and stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min by using a stirring device to prepare mixed slurry, dropwise adding a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 8-10% into the three-neck flask, and stirring for 50-60 min at the rotating speed of 1000-1200 r/min by using a stirrer to prepare an acidic mixed liquid;
(3) putting the acidic mixed solution and 10-15% by mass of sodium hydroxide solution into a reaction kettle, adjusting the temperature in the reaction kettle to 40-50 ℃, mixing and stirring for 30-40 min to obtain a reaction solution, adding 5-7% by mass of silicon dioxide powder into the reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 140-160 ℃, and reacting at a constant temperature for 60-80 min to obtain a reaction emulsion;
(4) dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5-9% into a reaction kettle to adjust the pH value to 6.2-6.5, stirring with a stirrer at the rotating speed of 500-600 r/min for 40-50 min to obtain a prefabricated solution, adding vermiculite powder into the reaction kettle, mixing and stirring to obtain a pretreatment slurry, putting the pretreatment slurry into a beaker, placing the beaker into a microwave oven, performing microwave treatment at the power of 700-800W for 10-15 min, filtering after treatment to obtain filter residues, and sequentially washing with hydrogen peroxide and distilled water for 3-5 times to obtain a thermal expansion reaction product.
2. The preparation method of the impact-resistant insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: preferably, the modified reaction product comprises, by weight, 8-10 parts of cement powder, 50-55 parts of cement powder, 2-3 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 4-6 parts of kaolin and 1-2 parts of sodium silicate.
3. The preparation method of the impact-resistant insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: preferably, the mixed material to be reacted comprises 10-12 parts by weight of polyether polyol 20-22 parts by weight of polyisocyanate 50-55 parts by weight of water 3-5 parts by weight of the mixed material.
4. The preparation method of the impact-resistant insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of the thermal expansion reaction product to the calcium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5-9% in the specific preparation step of the modified reaction product is 1: 5.
5. The preparation method of the impact-resistant insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of cotton to bagasse in the specific preparation step (1) of the swelling reaction product is 10: 1.
6. The preparation method of the impact-resistant insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of the dry material to hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 6-10% in the specific preparation step (1) of the swelling reaction product is 1: 5.
7. The preparation method of the impact-resistant insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass ratio of the mixed dispersion liquid to the aluminum chloride crystal powder described in the specific preparation step (2) of the swelling reaction product was 15: 1.
8. The preparation method of the impact-resistant insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: specifically, in the step (2) for preparing the swelling reaction product, the mass of the citric acid solution dropwise added into the three-neck flask with the mass fraction of 8-10% is 20-25% of the mass of the mixed slurry.
9. The preparation method of the impact-resistant insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific preparation method of the swelling reaction product comprises the following steps that (1) the mass ratio of the acidic mixed solution to a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% is 5: 1.
10. the preparation method of the impact-resistant insulation board according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mass of the vermiculite powder added into the reaction kettle in the specific preparation step (4) of the expansion reaction product is 4-6% of the mass of the prefabricated solution.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115384144A (en) * | 2022-09-24 | 2022-11-25 | 广东天跃新材料股份有限公司 | Special silicon rubber synthetic leather fabric for automotive interior and manufacturing process thereof |
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