CN110683896A - Coating agent, compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coating agent, compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110683896A CN110683896A CN201910995902.6A CN201910995902A CN110683896A CN 110683896 A CN110683896 A CN 110683896A CN 201910995902 A CN201910995902 A CN 201910995902A CN 110683896 A CN110683896 A CN 110683896A
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- fertilizer
- essential oil
- coating agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a coating agent, which comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-skinning agent and a plant growth regulator, wherein the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-skinning agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02. The invention also provides a compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. When the coating agent with the citrus peel essential oil is used for coating the fertilizer, and the coated fertilizer is applied to crops, the crop yield and the crop quality can be improved, and the fertilizer efficiency of the coated basic fertilizer can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a coating agent, a compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The plant essential oil is a plant-derived secondary metabolite, has small molecular weight, can be steamed with steam, has a certain volatile oily liquid substance, and exists in the whole plant of the plant or the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and the like of the plant. It can reduce the pH value of soil, quickly mature soil, fix nitrogen in air, participate in the conversion of nutrients, promote the absorption of plants to nutrients, secrete hormone to stimulate the development of plant root systems, inhibit the activity of harmful microorganisms and the like. However, at present, the application of plant essential oil, especially citrus peel essential oil, in fertilizers is very rare.
CN107176886A discloses an environment-friendly compound fertilizer for corn, which belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of livestock manure, 22-25 parts of eggshells, 6-10 parts of fruit peels, 12-14 parts of bean cakes, 8-10 parts of peanut bran, 4-6 parts of vinasse, 16-18 parts of argil, 15-17 parts of plant ash, 1-4 parts of trace elements, 10-20 parts of urea, 6-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 6-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of bacillus, 1-2 parts of yeast, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 10-12 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 7-9 parts of plant essential oil and 1-3 parts of plant growth regulators. The application of plant essential oils in complex fertilizers is disclosed in the patent, but the use of citrus peel essential oils is not disclosed.
CN108558507A discloses a composition for improving fertilizer absorption and utilization rate and application thereof, wherein the composition comprises citrus essential oil, the citrus essential oil comprises grapefruit essential oil and orange peel essential oil, the mass percentage of the grapefruit essential oil in the citrus essential oil is 10-30%, the mass percentage of the orange peel essential oil in the citrus essential oil is 50-70%, and the composition further comprises an emulsifier and an organic solvent. The application of citrus essential oil to fertilizers is disclosed in this patent, but there is no disclosure of using citrus peel essential oil in a coating agent to improve the fertilizer efficiency of the coated base fertilizer particles by the citrus peel essential oil in the coating agent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a coating agent capable of improving fertilizer efficiency of a fertilizer. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a coating agent comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-skinning agent and a plant growth regulator, wherein the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-skinning agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.
Preferably, the plant growth regulator comprises one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, forchlorfenuron, compound sodium nitrophenolate, brassin and gibberellin.
Preferably, the ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-hardening agent to the plant growth regulator is 2: 2.5: 0.02.
Preferably, the citrus peel essential oil comprises one or more of orange peel, citrus peel, tangerine peel or pomelo peel.
The invention also provides a compound fertilizer, which comprises base fertilizer particles and the coating agent coated outside the base fertilizer particles, wherein the weight ratio of the base fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003.
Preferably, the basic fertilizer particles comprise ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and medium trace element fertilizer, and the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the potassium sulfate and the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1.
Preferably, the medium trace element fertilizer comprises ferrous sulfate, a magnesium fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer and borax, the ferrous sulfate, the magnesium fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer and the borax are 0.2-0.3: 0.1-0.2: 0.2-0.3 in weight ratio, the magnesium fertilizer is one or two of magnesium sulfate and magnesium nitrate, and the zinc fertilizer is one or two of zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
mixing an ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and a medium trace element fertilizer, and performing high tower granulation at the temperature of 170-175 ℃ to obtain basic fertilizer granules, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the potassium sulfate and the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1;
carrying out spray coating on the basic fertilizer particles by using a coating agent, wherein the spray coating temperature is 70-80 ℃, the weight ratio of the basic fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003, the coating agent comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-hardening agent and a plant growth regulator, and the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-hardening agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.
Preferably, the preparation method of the citrus peel essential oil comprises the following steps:
obtaining target peel at the position of 2-4mm of the outer layer of the citrus peel;
adding inorganic salt and water into the target peel to break, wherein the inorganic salt accounts for 4-6% of the target peel by weight, and the water and the target peel are mixed according to the ratio of 7-9ml to 1 g;
distilling the smashed mixture for 2.5-3.5h, and collecting distillate, namely the citrus peel essential oil.
Preferably, the inorganic salt comprises one or more of sodium chloride or, magnesium chloride or potassium chloride.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the coating agent with the citrus peel essential oil is used for coating the fertilizer, and the coated fertilizer is applied to crops, the crop yield and the crop quality can be improved, and the fertilizer efficiency of the coated basic fertilizer can be effectively improved.
Detailed Description
While the following is a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The invention provides a coating agent, which comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-skinning agent and a plant growth regulator, wherein the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-skinning agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.
In a further embodiment, the citrus peel essential oil comprises one or more of orange peel, citrus peel, tangerine peel, or pomelo peel. More preferably, the citrus peel essential oil is orange peel essential oil.
The orange peel essential oil is used in the coating agent according to the proportion, and then the coating agent is used for coating inorganic fertilizer particles, so that the coated fertilizer has the following effects: 1. low temperature resistance: the low temperature resistance effect of the coated fertilizer is improved, and the effective exertion of the particle components of the inorganic fertilizer is ensured; 2. anti-evaporation: when the coated fertilizer with the orange peel essential oil is dissolved in water for spraying, the volatilization time of fertilizer droplets can be prolonged, and the high-temperature application effect is ensured; 3. anti-drift: adjusting a fog drop spectrum, and reducing the drift of fog drops; 4. and (3) promoting sedimentation: the sedimentation of fertilizer fog drops is accelerated, and the loss of fertilizer components is reduced; 5. adhesion promotion: wetting and spreading of fertilizer droplets are improved, and rain wash resistance is achieved; 6. absorption promotion: the dissolution of organism wax layers and egg shells on the surfaces of crops is accelerated, and the absorption and utilization rate of fertilizer components are promoted; 7. weather resistance: the fertilizer has the advantages that the fertilizer has a moisturizing effect during high-temperature drought, the volatilization and loss of fertilizer components are reduced, the fertilizer loss is reduced in rainy and foggy days, the relative dryness of leaf surfaces and fruit surfaces is kept, water is not easy to accumulate, and the germination of pathogenic spores is prevented; 8. safety: the essential oil is safe, has uniform and lasting effect, is more compatible to crops, and can be used for multiple times in one season.
Due to the above-mentioned many advantageous effects, the use of the coated agent of the present invention for coating a fertilizer and the application of the coated fertilizer to crops can improve crop yield and crop quality.
In a further embodiment, the plant growth regulator comprises one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, forchlorfenuron, sodium nitrophenolate, brassin and gibberellin. More preferably, the plant growth regulator adopts compound sodium nitrophenolate.
In a further embodiment, the citrus peel essential oil, the anti-hardening agent and the plant growth regulator are 2: 2.5: 0.02. The effect of the crop prepared by adopting the coating agent with the proportion is better.
The invention also provides a compound fertilizer, which comprises base fertilizer particles and the coating agent coated outside the base fertilizer particles, wherein the weight ratio of the base fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003. Preferably, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.002.
The citrus peel essential oil in the coating agent in the compound fertilizer provided by the invention has the beneficial effects as described above, and the coating agent is compounded with the basic fertilizer particles according to the proportion, so that the crop yield and the crop quality can be effectively improved.
In a further embodiment, the base fertilizer granules comprise an ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and a medium trace element fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer to the monopotassium phosphate to the potassium chloride to the potassium sulfate to the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1. The compound fertilizer has better effect by adopting the formula proportion.
In a further embodiment, the medium trace element fertilizer comprises ferrous sulfate, a magnesium fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer and borax, in a weight ratio of 0.2-0.3: 0.1-0.2: 0.2-0.3, the magnesium fertilizer is one or two of magnesium sulfate and magnesium nitrate, and the zinc fertilizer is one or two of zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
mixing an ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and a medium trace element fertilizer, and performing high tower granulation at the temperature of 170-175 ℃ to obtain basic fertilizer granules, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the potassium sulfate and the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1;
carrying out spray coating on the basic fertilizer particles by using a coating agent, wherein the spray coating temperature is 70-80 ℃, the weight ratio of the basic fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003, the coating agent comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-hardening agent and a plant growth regulator, and the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-hardening agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.
In a further embodiment, the method for preparing the citrus peel essential oil comprises:
obtaining target peel at the position of 2-4mm of the outer layer of the citrus peel;
adding inorganic salt and water into the target peel to break, wherein the inorganic salt accounts for 4-6% of the target peel by weight, and the water and the target peel are mixed according to the ratio of 7-9ml to 1 g;
distilling the smashed mixture for 2.5-3.5h, and collecting distillate, namely the citrus peel essential oil.
The advantageous effects of the present invention will be described below by way of specific examples.
Example 1
Preparing orange peel essential oil: peeling the peel of 2-4mm away from the outer layer of the orange by a peel cutter to obtain a target peel, adding sodium chloride and water into the target peel to smash, wherein the sodium chloride accounts for 6% of the weight of the target peel, and the water and the target peel are mixed according to the ratio of 8ml of water to 1g of target peel; and distilling the crushed mixture for 3h, and collecting distillate, namely the orange peel essential oil.
Preparing basic fertilizer particles: the raw materials are granulated in a high tower at 175 ℃ according to 45kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 12kg of monopotassium phosphate, 1kg of potassium chloride, 28kg of potassium sulfate, 0.2kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.1kg of zinc sulfate, 0.2kg of borax and 170-.
Coating the basic fertilizer particles with the orange peel essential oil coating agent: mixing the orange peel essential oil, the anti-hardening oil and the compound sodium nitrophenolate according to the weight ratio of the orange peel essential oil, the anti-hardening oil and the compound sodium nitrophenolate of 2: 2.5: 0.02 to obtain the orange peel essential oil coating agent. Spraying liquid to coat before the basic fertilizer grains are discharged from the tower, wherein the weight ratio of the basic fertilizer grains to the coating agent is 1: 0.002, the temperature is controlled at 70-80 ℃, and the coated compound fertilizer A1 is obtained.
Example 2
Orange peel essential oil was prepared as in example 1.
Preparing basic fertilizer particles: the raw materials are granulated in a high tower at 175 ℃ according to 48kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 15kg of monopotassium phosphate, 2kg of potassium chloride, 34.3kg of potassium sulfate, 0.2kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg of magnesium nitrate, 0.2kg of zinc nitrate, 0.2kg of borax and 170 ℃, so as to obtain basic fertilizer granules.
Coating the basic fertilizer particles with the orange peel essential oil coating agent: mixing the orange peel essential oil, the anti-hardening oil and the compound sodium nitrophenolate according to the weight ratio of the orange peel essential oil, the anti-hardening oil and the compound sodium nitrophenolate of 1: 3: 0.02 to obtain the orange peel essential oil coating agent. Spraying liquid to coat before the basic fertilizer grains are discharged from the tower, wherein the weight ratio of the basic fertilizer grains to the coating agent is 1: 0.002, the temperature is controlled at 70-80 ℃, and the coated compound fertilizer A2 is obtained.
Example 3
Orange peel essential oil was prepared as in example 1.
Preparing basic fertilizer particles: 50kg of nitramine phosphate fertilizer, 18kg of monopotassium phosphate, 3kg of potassium chloride, 41.4kg of potassium sulfate, 0.3kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.2kg of magnesium nitrate, 0.2kg of zinc nitrate, 0.3kg of borax and 175 ℃ high tower granulation are carried out on the raw materials to obtain the basic fertilizer granules.
Coating the basic fertilizer particles with the orange peel essential oil coating agent: mixing the orange peel essential oil, the anti-hardening oil and the compound sodium nitrophenolate according to the weight ratio of the orange peel essential oil, the anti-hardening oil and the compound sodium nitrophenolate of 3: 2: 0.02 to obtain the orange peel essential oil coating agent. Spraying liquid to coat before the basic fertilizer grains are discharged from the tower, wherein the weight ratio of the basic fertilizer grains to the coating agent is 1: 0.002, the temperature is controlled at 70-80 ℃, and the coated compound fertilizer A3 is obtained.
Comparative examples
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 different from example 1 in that no orange peel essential oil was added to the coating agent, and other conditions were the same as in example 1, compound fertilizer B1 was prepared.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment, the difference of the comparative example 2 is that the coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mixing the orange peel essential oil, the hardening prevention oil and the compound sodium nitrophenolate in a ratio of 0.01: 3: 0.5, namely preparing the coating agent by adopting more compound sodium nitrophenolate and less orange peel essential oil, and preparing the compound fertilizer B2 by adopting the same conditions as the example 1.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 different from example 1, compound fertilizer B3 was prepared by directly mixing orange peel essential oil with the ingredients for preparing base fertilizer granules, i.e., coating the base fertilizer granules without using the coating agent of example 1.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 different from example 1 in that no medium trace element fertilizer, that is, 0.2kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.1kg of zinc sulfate and 0.2kg of borax was added to the base fertilizer granules, compound fertilizer B4 was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except for the above-mentioned conditions.
Effects of the embodiment
The compound fertilizers prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were applied to flowering cabbage crops, and the influence of different compound fertilizers on growth vigor and yield of flowering cabbage was studied, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the compound fertilizers of examples 1-3 applied on the cabbage heart have higher root weight, plant weight, yield and yield increase percentage than the comparative examples 1-4, which shows that the compound fertilizers prepared by the invention can improve the yield and growth vigor of the cabbage crops.
In the comparative example 1, the orange peel essential oil is not added into the coating agent, so that the fertilizer effect of the compound fertilizer B1 is not as good as that of the compound fertilizer A1, and the compound fertilizer prepared from the orange peel essential oil has the advantages of low temperature resistance, evaporation resistance, drift resistance, sedimentation promotion, adhesion promotion, absorption promotion and the like.
In comparative example 2, the proportion of each component in the coating agent is different from the proportion of the coating agent, the fertilizer effect is not as good as that of the compound fertilizer A1, and the proportion of the coating agent can be adopted, so that the fertilizer effect can be better exerted.
In comparative example 3, the orange peel essential oil is directly mixed with the basic fertilizer granule component, and the fertilizer effect is inferior to that of compound fertilizer A1, because the orange peel essential oil is directly granulated and the temperature in a high tower is higher, the effect of the orange peel essential oil is affected; compared with the basic fertilizer particles, the orange peel essential oil in the coating agent in the embodiment 1 contacts with the crops firstly, so that the dissolution of a wax layer and egg shells of organisms on the surfaces of the crops can be accelerated, and the absorption and utilization rate of components of the basic fertilizer particles can be promoted.
In comparative example 4, compound fertilizer B4 without medium trace elements was less effective than compound fertilizer a1, and it was found that medium trace elements had a significant effect on the yield and growth of flowering plants.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The film coating agent is characterized by comprising citrus peel essential oil, an anti-skinning agent and a plant growth regulator, wherein the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-skinning agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.
2. The coating agent of claim 1, wherein the plant growth regulator comprises one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, forchlorfenuron, sodium nitrophenolate, forchlorfenuron, brassin and gibberellin.
3. The coating agent according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of citrus peel essential oil to anti-skinning agent to plant growth regulator is 2: 2.5: 0.02.
4. The coating agent of claim 1, wherein the citrus peel essential oil comprises one or more of orange peel, citrus peel, tangerine peel or pomelo peel.
5. A compound fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising base fertilizer particles and the coating agent of claims 1-4 coated outside the base fertilizer particles, wherein the weight ratio of the base fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003.
6. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the basic fertilizer granules include nitramine phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and medium trace element fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitramine phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1.
7. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the medium trace element fertilizer comprises ferrous sulfate, magnesium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and borax in a weight ratio of 0.2-0.3: 0.1-0.2: 0.2-0.3, the magnesium fertilizer is one or two of magnesium sulfate and magnesium nitrate, and the zinc fertilizer is one or two of zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate.
8. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing an ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and a medium trace element fertilizer, and performing high tower granulation at the temperature of 170-175 ℃ to obtain basic fertilizer granules, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the potassium sulfate and the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1;
carrying out spray coating on the basic fertilizer particles by using a coating agent, wherein the spray coating temperature is 70-80 ℃, the weight ratio of the basic fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003, the coating agent comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-hardening agent and a plant growth regulator, and the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-hardening agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.
9. The method for producing a compound fertilizer according to claim 8, wherein the method for producing the citrus peel essential oil comprises:
obtaining target peel at the position of 2-4mm of the outer layer of the citrus peel;
adding inorganic salt and water into the target peel to break, wherein the inorganic salt accounts for 4-6% of the target peel by weight, and the water and the target peel are mixed according to the ratio of 7-9ml to 1 g;
distilling the smashed mixture for 2.5-3.5h, and collecting distillate, namely the citrus peel essential oil.
10. The method for producing a composite fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the inorganic salt includes one or more of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride or potassium chloride.
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Application publication date: 20200114 |