CN110683047A - 飞行器 - Google Patents

飞行器 Download PDF

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CN110683047A
CN110683047A CN201910597978.3A CN201910597978A CN110683047A CN 110683047 A CN110683047 A CN 110683047A CN 201910597978 A CN201910597978 A CN 201910597978A CN 110683047 A CN110683047 A CN 110683047A
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aircraft
following features
wing
battery
heat
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S·本德尔
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B64C29/0025—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being fixed relative to the fuselage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
    • B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
    • B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
    • B64C29/0033—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being tiltable relative to the fuselage
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    • B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
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    • B64U50/10—Propulsion
    • B64U50/13—Propulsion using external fans or propellers
    • B64U50/14—Propulsion using external fans or propellers ducted or shrouded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/10—Air crafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00—Wings
    • B64C3/36—Structures adapted to reduce effects of aerodynamic or other external heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
    • B64U2201/10—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/10—Wings
    • B64U30/12—Variable or detachable wings, e.g. wings with adjustable sweep
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U30/00—Means for producing lift; Empennages; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/20—Rotors; Rotor supports
    • B64U30/29—Constructional aspects of rotors or rotor supports; Arrangements thereof
    • B64U30/295—Rotors arranged in the wings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64U50/00—Propulsion; Power supply
    • B64U50/10—Propulsion
    • B64U50/19—Propulsion using electrically powered motors
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0021—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for aircrafts or cosmonautics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract

本发明提供一种飞行器(10)，该飞行器具有以下特征：该飞行器(10)具有电池(11)、机翼(12)和多个导热元件；并且这些导热元件将该电池(11)与该机翼(12)热连接，其方式为使得在该电池(11)中产生的热量分布到该机翼(12)上。

Description

飞行器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞行器、尤其一种全电动的、可垂直地起飞和降落(verticaltake-off and landing，VTOL)的飞行器。
背景技术
VTOL在航空航天技术中跨语言地指如下任何类型的飞机、无人机或火箭，其能够基本垂直地且无需起飞和降落跑道的情况下升起和再次着陆。这个通称术语在下文中被广义地使用，其不仅包括带有机翼的固定翼飞机，而且同样包括旋翼飞机(如直升旋翼机、自转旋翼机、螺旋桨旋翼机)和混合式飞机(如复合式直升旋翼机或组合式旋翼机)以及可垂直升降的飞机。此外，还包括能够在特别短的距离内起飞和降落(short take-off andlanding，STOL)、在短的距离内起飞但垂直地降落(short take-off and verticallanding，STOVL)、或垂直地起飞但水平地降落(vertical take-off and horizontallanding，VTHL)的飞行器。
为了使飞行器散热，US 4635709 A提供了位于机翼下方的、用于导出电子部件的热量的散热板和用于将从散热板散发的热量导出到冷却的空气流中的散热鳍片。另外，液态的冷却剂设置在空腔中，所述空腔形成为在散热板中紧挨地位于这些电子部件旁。当冷却气流不能用于冷却冷的板时，该液态的冷却剂在温度升高时蒸发。由于液态的冷却剂蒸发所释放的蒸汽经过疏水的过滤膜从传热装置中被排出，该过滤膜覆盖这些空腔的一部分。疏水的膜是对液体不可透过的、但气体可透过的。
EP 1764302 A2也公开了一种用于机翼的被动的冷却系统。该被动的冷却系统包括与机翼相邻的流体传输室。流体传输元件和冷却剂布置在该流体传输室中。该流体传输元件将冷却剂的排出热能的部分引导至机翼。
最后，US 20150000523 A1描述了一种通过将压缩空气供应至包含氧气隔离膜的空气隔离模块降低飞行器燃料箱易燃性的方法。该方法包括：使隔离膜与空气供应接触、使来自空气供应的氧气侵入经过隔离膜、以及由于从空气供应中除去氧气而从空气隔离模块中产生富含氮气的空气。该空气隔离模块中所富集的空气在机翼中的流体热交换器中被冷却并且供应给燃料箱。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种根据优选技术方案的飞行器，尤其一种全电动的、按上述意义可垂直起降的飞行器。
与主动的冷却系统相比，这个解决方案的优点在于降低复杂性并且对应地减轻所得到的飞行器的重量。
本发明的其他有利的设计方案在可选技术方案中给出。因此，例如该飞行器可以设计有被折弯的或者甚至选择性地能够折弯的机翼。对应的变体增大了水平飞行中有效的机翼面积，而不扩展飞行器的占地面积。
此外，该飞行器能够具有可快速充电的电池系统，该电池系统提供用于垂直起降以及水平飞行的驱动能量并且可以实现能够对飞行器进行短暂的充电。
在此，为了驱动飞行器，可以使用不同尺寸的多个涵道螺旋桨(ducted fans)来代替自由旋翼，例如这些涵道螺旋桨在航空技术以外如从气垫船或风扇船(Sumpfbooten)中已知。在这种实施方式中，包围螺旋桨的柱形壳体由于叶片尖端处的湍流而能够明显减小推进损失。适合的涵道螺旋桨能够水平地或竖直地定向、在这两种位置之间可枢转地实施、或者出于空气动力学原因在水平飞行中由片(louvers)遮盖。此外可设想借助固定的涵道螺旋桨产生纯水平的推进。
最后，除了飞行器的优选完全自主的运行之外，在资格足够的情况下也考虑允许人类飞行员手动控制，这使得根据本发明的设备在操纵中被赋予最大可能的灵活性。
附图说明
附图中展示了本发明的一个实施例且将在下文中进行更详细的说明。
该图示出飞行器的透视图。
具体实施方式
唯一的图示出了根据本发明的电池电力的飞行器10的优选设计方案的结构上的特征，该飞行器的热平衡是能够由(大体上在该飞行器两侧的翼片上分布的)机翼12调节的。
为此，除了用于驱动的高压电池11之外，该飞行器10具有未在图中示出的导热元件，这些导热元件将电池11与机翼12热连接，其方式为使得在飞行运行中在电池11中必然产生的热量尽可能均匀地分布到机翼12上。在飞行中强烈地被环流的机翼12以这种方式作为热交换器起作用。
作为导热元件，例如可以使用引导板、硅酮、云母、氧化铝或者其他陶瓷、聚酰亚胺
Figure BDA0002118219710000031
金属箔或者石墨箔。

Claims (10)

1.一种飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有电池(11)、机翼(12)和多个导热元件，并且
-这些导热元件将该电池(11)与该机翼(12)热连接，其方式为使得在该电池(11)中产生的热分布到该机翼(12)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-这些导热元件包括引导板。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-这些导热元件包括石墨箔。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有全电动的驱动器。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括被折弯的或者能够折弯的机翼。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括能够快速充电的电池系统。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括用于起飞和降落的水平地固定的涵道螺旋桨。
8.根据权利要求7所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)具有多个片，并且
-水平的所述涵道螺旋桨能够借助这些片选择性地被覆盖。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)包括用于产生推进的竖直固定的涵道螺旋桨。
10.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的飞行器(10)，
其特征在于以下特征：
-该飞行器(10)是能够选择性地全自主地控制的。
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