CN110678133A - 用于支撑和稳定骨盆后环骨折部或用于稳定和加强骶髂关节的螺纹接头 - Google Patents

用于支撑和稳定骨盆后环骨折部或用于稳定和加强骶髂关节的螺纹接头 Download PDF

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CN110678133A
CN110678133A CN201880035609.9A CN201880035609A CN110678133A CN 110678133 A CN110678133 A CN 110678133A CN 201880035609 A CN201880035609 A CN 201880035609A CN 110678133 A CN110678133 A CN 110678133A
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threaded
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纳萨尔·萨迪克
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Na SaerSadike
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/683Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin comprising bone transfixation elements, e.g. bolt with a distal cooperating element such as a nut
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7055Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant connected to sacrum, pelvis or skull
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8665Nuts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8695Washers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/686Plugs, i.e. elements forming interface between bone hole and implant or fastener, e.g. screw
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8061Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates specially adapted for particular bones
    • A61B17/8066Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates specially adapted for particular bones for pelvic reconstruction
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/808Instruments for holding or positioning bone plates, or for adjusting screw-to-plate locking mechanisms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/864Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor hollow, e.g. with socket or cannulated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8872Instruments for putting said fixation devices against or away from the bone

Abstract

本发明涉及利用与螺纹螺母结合的螺纹杆或与骶骨结合的螺钉用于支撑和稳定骨盆后环骨折部或者用于稳定和加强骶髂关节的螺纹接头。螺纹接头的特征在于对骨盆后环骨折部的牢固支撑和稳定或者在于对骶髂关节的牢固稳定和加强。为此,作为植入物的螺纹接头是用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部的与螺纹螺母结合的螺纹杆或与骶骨结合的螺钉。为此,在髂骨和螺纹螺母或螺钉头部之间设有垫片,该垫片的面向髂骨的那一侧在至少两个平面中相互倾斜,并且倾斜表面彼此成一角度布置。垫片具有用于供螺纹杆或螺钉的区域通过的开口,该开口朝向髂骨扩大。

Description

用于支撑和稳定骨盆后环骨折部或用于稳定和加强骶髂关节 的螺纹接头
技术领域
本发明涉及螺纹接头,其通过使用与螺纹螺母结合的螺纹杆或与骶骨结合的螺钉用于支撑和稳定骨盆后环骨折部或者用于稳定和加强骶髂关节。
背景技术
DE 10 2013 005 391 A1公开了一种用于支撑退化骶髂关节的系统,该系统具有张紧元件,该张紧元件借助于保持装置保持在左右骨盆之间。为此,保持装置具有延伸穿过相关骨盆中的孔的支撑件和相关末端件。
US 6,635,059 B2包含用于固定骶骨和/或骶髂关节和/或用于其他骨骼区域的螺钉系统。
在这两种解决方案中,都使用了简单垫片作为平面表面结构。当使用这种垫片时,由于髂骨的小骨表面的形状的缘故,螺钉的压缩力集中在该骨表面上。结果,髂骨的外皮质骨可能发生骨折。此外,可能会丧失稳定性,特别是当骶骨的骨质量较差时,例如由于骨质疏松症和骨肿瘤而导致骨质量较差。当使用具有简单垫片的刚性杆时,作为术后并发症,通常会在坐骨大切迹区域中发生额外的骨折。这导致原始骶骨骨折区域中的稳定性丧失以及持续的疼痛症状,并可能导致假关节和外科手术治疗的可能失败。
US 2015/0320450 A1公开了一种骶骨固定系统,其中尤其要实现骨盆环或骶髂关节的稳定。该系统包括与螺纹螺母结合的螺纹杆,垫片位于螺纹螺母和骨骼之间。垫片的面向髂骨的表面在至少两个平面中相互倾斜。此外,垫片具有用于供螺纹杆的区域通过的开口。当使用这种垫片时,螺钉的压缩力同样集中在髂骨的小骨表面上。
发明内容
权利要求1中限定的本发明解决的问题是提供一种螺纹接头作为可以容易且牢固地放置的植入物,用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部或者用于稳定骶髂关节。
该问题通过权利要求1中列出的特征解决。
螺纹接头的特征在于骨盆后环骨折部的牢固支撑和稳定或者在于骶髂关节的牢固稳定和加强。作为植入物的螺纹接头可以是用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部的与螺纹螺母结合的螺纹杆,也可以是与骶骨结合的螺钉。
为此,一垫片定位于髂骨和螺母或螺钉头部之间,该垫片的面向髂骨的表面在至少两个平面中相互倾斜,并且倾斜部彼此成一角度布置。垫片具有用于供螺纹杆或螺钉的区域通过的开口,该开口在髂骨的方向上加宽。
螺纹接头是用于在骶骨骨折的情况下和在骶髂关节区域中已有病理的情况下稳定盆骨后环的手术植入物。该植入物可以永久地保留或者至少保留一限定的时间段。使用螺纹接头在骨折区域中实现足够或最大的稳定性,以便防止形成假接头(假关节)并实现骨折的快速、载荷稳定的处理。
特别是通过具有特定开口的解剖形状的垫片,确保骨盆后环骨折部的牢固支撑或骶髂关节的牢固稳定。垫片是根据髂翼区域中的髂骨和骶骨的几何形状和角度而形成的。为此,垫片的面向髂骨的表面在至少两个平面中相互倾斜,倾斜部进一步彼此成一角度布置。表面倾斜和表面的角度与髂骨的解剖结构相适应。为此,这些平面可以被设计成板状的和/或球形的,规则的或不规则的。倾斜部也可以是平面的和/或凸形的。因此,在骶骨骨折的骨折部稳定期间或在关节固定意义上的骶髂关节加强期间,可以借助螺纹杆和/或螺钉将压缩力均匀地分布在髂骨的外皮质骨上。
垫片的开口在髂骨方向上加宽,这允许准确放置螺纹杆或螺钉。
为此,螺纹杆是杆,其至少端部区域具有用于与作为螺纹螺母的螺母接合的螺纹。所述杆可以有利地是钛杆。所述杆与解剖学形状的垫片结合以经骶骨的方式简单地放置。为此,螺纹杆位于成型孔中。由于与垫片结合的螺纹杆的材料特性和几何形状,在髂骨的外皮质骨区域中实现了良好但非刚性的压缩。呈坐骨大切迹区域中的骨折形式以及髂骨的外皮质骨的骨折形式的并发症是能够在很大程度上避免的。这进一步通过垫片的解剖形状的表面来实现,使得压缩力在髂骨的大骨表面上实现分布。这防止了髂骨的外皮质骨区域中的骨折。
因此,螺纹接头有利地适合于针对单侧和双侧骨折、特别是针对骨质量降低的骶骨骨折和病理性骨折,用于稳定依据Denis I、II和III的所有类型的骶骨的创伤性骨折,例如,在骨质疏松症和骨质减少症以及由原发肿瘤或骨转移引起的病理性骨折的情况下。在骶骨骨折的保守治疗或手术治疗失败后,也可以通过在骨折区域获得足够的骨骼稳定来治疗假关节。另外,也可以在骶髂关节的原发性和继发性关节病的情况下以及在骶髂关节的创伤后退化和骨韧带功能障碍的情况下处理关节固定。
本发明的有利的实施方式在权利要求2至12中给出。
根据权利要求2的改进,垫片的面向髂骨的表面和开口彼此镜像,以便放置在左髂骨和右髂骨上。
根据权利要求3的改进,倾斜部的横截面是直线或拱形的。
根据权利要求4的改进,开口的内壁是锥形的。
根据权利要求5的改进,垫片的面向髂骨的表面具有至少一个细长的凹进部,用于支撑垫片至骨膜的附接。细长的凹进部导致垫片与骨膜的附着性得以改善。
根据权利要求6的改进,螺钉具有锥形的螺钉头部,在正常解剖情况下以及在骶骨先天性畸形情况下,该螺钉头部允许螺钉穿过垫片中的开口对准并放置到骶骨中。这是通过锥形的螺钉头部实现的,该锥形的螺钉头部允许螺钉的不同倾斜。因此,在正常解剖情况下以及骶骨先天性畸形情况下,可以将螺钉放置在骶骨中。
根据权利要求7的改进,该螺钉具有锥形的螺钉头部、圆柱形柄部和螺纹。通过圆柱形柄部,防止对垫片中的开口的内壁的损坏。
根据权利要求8的改进,螺钉具有连续的通道,该连续的通道在螺纹区域中具有至少一个出口。螺钉中的通道可用于借助于导丝将螺钉放置在骶骨中和/或用于在增强螺钉时施加骨水泥。
根据权利要求9的改进,垫片的背对髂骨的表面具有至少两个孔,这些孔用于定位在髋骨上,以便可释放地接合定位套筒的突起。这用于将解剖形状的垫片最佳地放置在髂骨的外皮质骨上,尤其是使用微创技术。
根据权利要求10的改进,突起是定位套筒的轴向延伸部。
根据权利要求11的改进,垫片的倾斜部与髂翼区域中的髂骨相适应。
根据权利要求12的改进,垫片和连接至垫片的定位套筒的对准臂布置成使得对准臂指向髋关节的关节窝的腹侧边缘。因此提供了垫片在髂骨的右侧和左侧上的准确放置和对准。因此,最小化或甚至避免了对垫片位置的术中X射线控制,否则这种术中X射线控制将是需要的。当对准臂朝向髋关节的关节窝的腹侧边缘定向时,提供了解剖形状的垫片在髂骨上的最佳放置。在这种情况下,垫片的面向髂骨的表面与髂翼区域中的髂骨的解剖结构相匹配。
在每个附图中示意性地示出了本发明的一个实施例,并且在下面更详细地描述。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1示出了用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部的螺纹接头,
图2是骨盆的侧视图,其中在髂骨上带有一垫片,
图3示出了用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部或稳定骶髂关节的螺纹接头的垫片,
图4示出了垫片的平面图,
图5示出了用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部的螺纹接头的垫片,
图6示出了具有两个孔的垫片的截面图,所述两个孔用于定位在髋骨上,以便可释放地接合定位套筒的突起,
图7示出了具有定位套筒的垫片,
图8示出了用于稳定骶骨骨折部和/或加强骶髂关节的螺钉,和
图9示出了用于稳定骶骨骨折部和/或加强骶髂关节的螺钉的截面图。
具体实施方式
用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部的螺纹接头基本上由与螺纹螺母结合的螺纹杆1和解剖形状的垫片2组成。
图1示意性地示出了用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部的螺纹接头。
垫片2定位于骨盆的髂骨和已知的螺纹螺母之间。螺纹螺母未在图1中示出。
图2示意性地示出了在髂骨上具有垫片2的骨盆的侧视图。
各一个垫片2相应地搁置在髂骨上。
图3示意性地示出了用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部或用于稳定骶髂关节的螺纹接头的垫片2。
垫片2的面向髂骨的表面3在至少两个平面中相互倾斜,倾斜部彼此成一角度布置。该倾斜部的横截面是直线和/或拱形的。垫片2还具有用于供螺纹杆1或螺钉11的区域通过的开口4。开口4在髂骨的方向上加宽,并且该开口尤其是锥形的。垫片2的与髂骨相对的表面5和穿过开口4的螺纹杆1形成直角或近似直角。
图4示意性地示出了垫片2的平面图。
垫片2的面向髂骨的表面3具有两个细长的凹进部,用于支撑垫片2至骨膜的附接。该凹进部是凹槽6,一个凹槽6a可以具有V形的横截面,而另一个凹槽6b可以具有L形的横截面。
图5示意性地示出了用于支撑骨盆后环骨折部的螺纹接头的垫片2。
垫片2的面向髂骨的表面3和开口4彼此镜像,以便放置在左髂骨和右髂骨上。为此,右侧的所述垫片可以标记为R,左侧的所述垫片可以标记为L。
图6示意性地示出了垫片2的截面图,该垫片具有两个孔7,这些孔用于定位在髂骨上,以便可释放地接合定位套筒的突起。
垫片2的背对髋骨的表面5具有至少两个孔7,这些孔用于定位在髋骨上,以便可释放地接合定位套筒8的突起9。
图7示意性地示出了具有定位套筒8的垫片2。
突起9是定位套筒8的轴向延伸部。垫片2的倾斜部与髂翼区域中的髂骨相适应。垫片2和连接至垫片2的定位套筒8的对准臂10布置成使得对准臂10指向髋关节的关节窝的腹侧边缘。
在一个实施例中,用于稳定骶髂关节的螺纹接头可以由垫片2和与骶骨结合的螺钉11组成。
为此,垫片2的开口4用于供螺钉11通过。
图8示意性地示出了用于稳定骶骨骨折部和/或加强骶髂关节的螺钉11。
螺钉11具有锥形的螺钉头部12,在正常解剖情况下和在骶骨先天性畸形情况下,螺钉头部允许螺钉11穿过垫片2中的开口4对准和放置到骶骨中。此外,螺钉11具有圆柱形柄部13和螺纹14。
图9示意性地示出了用于稳定骶骨骨折部和/或加强骶髂关节的螺钉11的截面图。
螺钉11具有连续的通道15,该连续的通道在螺纹14的区域中具有至少一个出口16。

Claims (12)

1.一种螺纹接头,其通过使用与螺纹螺母结合的螺纹杆(1)或与骶骨结合的螺钉(11)用于支撑和稳定骨盆后环骨折部或者用于稳定和加强骶髂关节,其特征在于,垫片(2)定位于髂骨和螺纹螺母或螺钉头部之间,垫片(2)的面向髂骨的表面(3)在至少两个平面中相互倾斜,倾斜部彼此成一角度布置,垫片(2)具有一个开口(4),用于供螺纹杆(1)或螺钉(11)的区域通过,开口(4)被在髂骨方向上加宽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述垫片(2)的面向髂骨的表面(3)和所述开口(4)彼此镜像,以便放置在左髂骨和右髂骨上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述倾斜部的横截面为直线或弧形的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述开口(4)的内壁是锥形的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述垫片(2)的面向髂骨的面(3)具有至少一个细长的凹进部,用于支撑所述垫片(2)至骨膜的附接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述螺钉(11)具有锥形的螺钉头部(12)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述螺钉(11)具有所述锥形的螺钉头部(12)、圆柱形柄部(13)和螺纹(14)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述螺钉(11)具有连续的通道(15),所述连续的通道在螺纹(14)的区域中具有至少一个出口(16)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述垫片(2)的背对髂骨的表面(5)具有至少两个孔(7),这些孔用于定位在髂骨上,以便可释放地接合定位套筒(8)的突起(9)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述突起(9)是所述定位套筒(8)的轴向延伸部。
11.根据权利要求1所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述垫片(2)的倾斜部与髂翼区域中的髂骨相适应。
12.根据权利要求1、9、10和11所述的螺纹接头,其特征在于,所述垫片(2)和连接至所述垫片(2)的所述定位套筒(8)的对准臂(10)布置成使得所述对准臂(10)指向髋关节的关节窝的腹侧边缘。
CN201880035609.9A 2017-05-31 2018-05-29 用于支撑和稳定骨盆后环骨折部或用于稳定和加强骶髂关节的螺纹接头 Pending CN110678133A (zh)

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