CN110672824A - Testing system and testing method for degradability of polyethylene packaging material - Google Patents
Testing system and testing method for degradability of polyethylene packaging material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110672824A CN110672824A CN201911059809.0A CN201911059809A CN110672824A CN 110672824 A CN110672824 A CN 110672824A CN 201911059809 A CN201911059809 A CN 201911059809A CN 110672824 A CN110672824 A CN 110672824A
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WRUGWIBCXHJTDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940061634 magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 241000186046 Actinomyces Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical class O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011177 media preparation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/44—Resins; Plastics; Rubber; Leather
- G01N33/442—Resins; Plastics
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of detection, in particular to a system and a method for testing the degradability of a polyethylene packaging material, wherein the system comprises a degradation matrix preparation module, a polyethylene processing module to be tested, a constant-temperature incubator and an infrared spectrum detector which are arranged in a sterile room; the degradation matrix preparation module comprises a culture bottle, a pH setting unit, an inoculation unit and an aeration unit; the polyethylene processing module to be tested comprises a cleaning unit, a drying unit and a sterilizing unit. The degradation matrix preparation module can automatically complete the pH value adjustment, strain inoculation and aeration operation of the culture solution, realize the automatic preparation of the culture matrix and reduce the labor intensity of degradation experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection, in particular to a system and a method for testing the degradability of a polyethylene packaging material.
Background
The polyethylene packaging material has wide application in life, but has stable performance and difficult degradation and causes serious pollution to the environment because of large molecular weight, low surface energy, poor hydrophilicity and good acid and alkali resistance. In order to relieve the pressure of polyethylene packaging materials on the environment, the development and application of biodegradable polyethylene packaging materials become one of the hot spots of research today.
Biodegradable polyethylene packaging materials are mainly classified into the following categories: biodegradable polyethylene packaging material, thermally degradable polyethylene packaging material, and photo-degradable polyethylene packaging material, wherein the biodegradable polyethylene packaging material is degradable under the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, mold (fungi), and algae existing in nature. The ideal biodegradable polyethylene packaging material should have excellent service performance, be completely decomposed by environmental microorganisms after being discarded, and finally be inorganized to become a component of carbon circulation in nature.
However, in order to develop biodegradable polyethylene packaging materials, the optimal synthesis process conditions need to be determined according to the degradability of the synthesized polyethylene packaging materials, but an identification method is lacked at present for how to judge the degradability of the polyethylene packaging materials.
In addition, the traditional experiment means needs to rely on a large amount of manual operation, and the labor intensity is high, so that a test system capable of effectively replacing manual operation and reducing the labor intensity is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to judge the degradability of the polyethylene packaging material and how to reduce the labor intensity of operators in the detection process.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme, and provides a testing system for the degradability of a polyethylene packaging material, which comprises a degradation matrix preparation module, a polyethylene processing module to be tested, a constant-temperature incubator and an infrared spectrum detector, wherein the degradation matrix preparation module, the polyethylene processing module to be tested, the constant-temperature incubator and the infrared spectrum detector are arranged in a sterile room; the degradation matrix preparation module comprises a culture bottle, a pH setting unit, an inoculation unit and an aeration unit, wherein the culture bottle is used for configuring and containing a culture solution, the pH setting unit is used for adjusting the pH value of the culture solution, the inoculation unit is used for inoculating a strain into the culture solution, and the aeration unit is used for aerating the culture solution inoculated with the strain; the polyethylene processing module to be tested comprises a cleaning unit, a drying unit and a sterilizing unit, wherein the cleaning unit is used for cleaning polyethylene to be tested, the drying unit is used for drying the cleaned polyethylene to be tested, and the sterilizing unit is used for sterilizing the dried polyethylene to be tested; the polyethylene that awaits measuring after degradation matrix preparation module preparation and the polyethylene processing module that awaits measuring handle are handled puts into after the manual work mixes the constant temperature incubator and is degraded, infrared spectrum detector is used for carrying out infrared spectrum detection to the degradation liquid.
The degradation matrix preparation module comprises a workbench, wherein a clamping unit for fixing a culture bottle is arranged on the workbench, and the pH adjusting unit, the inoculation unit and the aeration unit are respectively arranged beside the clamping unit.
The pH adjusting unit comprises a vibrating disk, a pH sensor and a regulating liquid titration mechanism, the clamping unit is installed on the vibrating disk, the vibrating disk is arranged in a horizontal plane in a translation mode along a circular path, and a vibrating disk driving unit for driving the vibrating disk to translate is arranged below the workbench; the pH sensor and the adjusting liquid titration mechanism are arranged on the first movable seat, the adjusting liquid titration mechanism comprises a dropper and a cut-off unit, the dropper is communicated with the adjusting liquid storage container, and the height of the adjusting liquid storage container is higher than that of the dropper; a rotating shaft is arranged on the first movable seat, a first plug body is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft, the first plug body is eccentrically connected with the rotating shaft, the axial distance between the first plug body and the rotating shaft is equal to the radius of a translation path of the vibration disc, a sliding ring which is coaxially and rotatably connected with the first plug body is arranged on the outer side of the first plug body, and the sliding ring is in plug-in fit with the mouth of the culture bottle; the rotating shaft and the first plug body are internally provided with through holes which are communicated with each other, the pH sensor and the dropper are inserted into the through holes and protrude below the first plug body, the upper end of the rotating shaft is connected with a gear, the first movable seat is further rotatably provided with a rotating ring, the axis of the rotating ring is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft, the inner ring surface of the rotating ring is provided with a gear ring, the gear is internally engaged with the gear ring, and the inner ring surface of the rotating ring is further provided with a lug; the intercepting unit comprises a first clamping arm fixedly connected with the first movable seat and a second clamping arm which is formed by the first clamping arm in an opening and closing mode, the dropper is located between the first clamping arm and the second clamping arm and is a flexible pipe, a first elastic unit used for driving the first clamping arm and the second clamping arm to be closed is arranged between the second clamping arm and the first clamping arm, the first elastic unit enables the dropper to be in a blocking state under a normal state, a pushing head is connected to the second clamping arm, the pushing head is located on a rotary path of the lug, and when the lug passes through the pushing head, the pushing head can be extruded and can be pushed to be separated from the first clamping arm, so that the dropper is conducted; the driving signal input end of the vibration disc driving unit and the detection signal output end of the pH sensor are both connected with the controller, and the controller controls the vibration disc driving unit to stop when the pH sensor detects that the pH value of the culture solution reaches a designed value.
The inoculation unit comprises an inoculating loop and an inoculating loop driving mechanism; the inoculating loop and the inoculating loop driving mechanism are arranged on the second movable seat, the inoculating loop is pivoted with the second movable seat through a universal joint, and the inoculating loop driving mechanism comprises a driving seat, an X-direction driving motor and a Y-direction driving motor; the driving signal input ends of the X-direction driving motor and the Y-direction driving motor are connected with the controller; the connecting ring is provided with a ball head, the ball head is connected with a handle part of the connecting ring in a sliding manner, the ball head is connected with a driving seat in a ball hinge manner, the driving seat is arranged on a sliding seat in a sliding manner along the X direction, the sliding seat is arranged on a second movable seat in a sliding manner along the Y direction, the X direction and the Y direction are both horizontal directions, the X direction and the Y direction are mutually vertical, the sliding seat is rotatably provided with a crankshaft, the driving seat is provided with a kidney-shaped hole, the length direction of the kidney-shaped hole is mutually vertical to the X direction, the crankshaft is in sliding pivot joint with the kidney-shaped hole, an X-direction driving motor is arranged on the sliding seat, and a main shaft of the X-direction driving motor drives a reduction gear; a main shaft of the Y-direction driving motor is connected with a screw rod arranged in parallel with the Y direction, and the screw rod and a nut block arranged on the sliding seat form threaded transmission fit; the sliding seat comprises a sliding block and a lifting block, the sliding block is connected with a second movable seat in a sliding mode, the lifting block is movably connected with the sliding block along the vertical direction, the driving seat, the X-direction driving motor and the crankshaft are all arranged on the lifting block, and a second elastic unit used for driving the lifting block to move upwards relative to the sliding block is arranged between the lifting block and the sliding block; the second movable seat and the lifting block are respectively provided with a first arched bulge and a second arched bulge, the first arched bulge is positioned on the movable path of the second arched bulge, the first arched bulge is positioned in the middle of the sliding stroke of the sliding seat, and when the sliding seat passes through the first arched bulge, the first arched bulge gradually extrudes the second arched bulge to enable the lifting block to gradually descend; the inoculation unit also comprises a strain tube for storing strains, and the strain tube is placed in a test tube rack arranged on the workbench; the second movable seat is movably arranged between the strain tube and the culture bottle along the horizontal direction.
The aeration unit comprises a second plug body, an air inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe, wherein the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe penetrate through the second plug body, the second plug body is installed on a third movable seat, the second plug body is in plug-in fit with a culture bottle opening, the upper end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with an air source, the upper end of the exhaust pipe is communicated with a waste gas collecting and processing device, and the protruding extension length of the lower end of the air inlet pipe is greater than that of the lower end of the exhaust pipe.
The pH adjusting unit, the inoculating unit and the aerating unit are respectively arranged on a first rotary telescopic frame, a second rotary telescopic frame and a third rotary telescopic frame, the first rotary telescopic frame, the second rotary telescopic frame and the third rotary telescopic frame have the same structure and respectively comprise a vertical telescopic rod and a swing rod horizontally arranged at the top end of the vertical telescopic rod in a hanging manner, the lower end of the vertical telescopic rod is connected with a main shaft of a servo motor, and the servo motor is arranged on a sliding block of a vertical electric cylinder; the pH adjusting unit, the inoculating unit and the aerating unit are respectively arranged at the swing rod suspension ends of the first rotary telescopic frame, the second rotary telescopic frame and the third rotary telescopic frame.
The device comprises a pH adjusting unit, an inoculation unit, an aeration unit, a spraying device, a heating device and an ultraviolet sterilization device, wherein the pH adjusting unit, the inoculation unit and the aeration unit are all provided with cleaning modules on the horizontal swinging path, the inoculation unit and the aeration unit share the same cleaning module, the cleaning module comprises a cavity with an open top, and the inner wall of the cavity is provided with the spraying device, the heating device and the ultraviolet sterilization device.
The clamping unit comprises two arc-shaped pressing plates symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction, the arc-shaped pressing plates are connected with the vibrating plate in a sliding mode in the vertical direction through vertical guide pillars, a push plate is arranged at the lower end of each vertical guide pillar, a pressure spring is arranged between each push plate and the bottom surface of the vibrating plate, and a vertical piston cylinder in a split type arrangement with the push plates is arranged below each pressing plate.
The sterilization unit is an ultraviolet sterilization device.
The invention also provides a method for testing the degradability of the polyethylene packaging material by using the testing system for the degradability of the polyethylene packaging material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing culture solution
Adding 0.5g of cane sugar, 0.5g of beef extract, 2g of sodium chloride, 2g of ammonium chloride, 0.3g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of potassium chloride, 1.0g of peptone and 1000ml of distilled water into a culture bottle, placing the culture bottle in a degradation matrix preparation module, and adjusting the pH to 6.0-7.0 by using 0.01mol/l of sterilized sodium hydroxide solution;
(2) preparation of degradable matrices
Respectively inoculating aspergillus oryzae, bacillus and actinomycete strains into the culture solution obtained in the step (1) by using an inoculation unit, uniformly stirring, continuously aerating for 48 hours by using an aeration unit at the air inflow of 2.0L/min, and standing for 48 hours;
(3) degradation treatment:
cleaning, drying and sterilizing the polyethylene packaging material to be detected by using a polyethylene processing module to be detected, then taking 250ml of the degradation matrix obtained in the step (2), pouring the degradation matrix into a 500ml iodine measuring flask, weighing 5g of the processed polyethylene packaging material, putting the polyethylene packaging material into the degradation matrix, sealing the opening of the degradation matrix, putting the polyethylene packaging material into a constant temperature incubator for degradation, wherein the degradation temperature is 25-28 ℃, taking the degradation solution after 15 days, carrying out infrared test, respectively calculating the half-peak width H151700 at 1700cm-1 and the half-peak width H153300 at 3300cm-1 of an infrared spectrogram, and according to the calculated sum sigma H15 of the two half-peak widths,
∑H15＝H151700+H153300；
continuing culturing, taking the degradation liquid after 30 days, performing infrared test, respectively calculating half-peak width H301700 at 1700cm-1 and half-peak width H303300 at 3300cm-1 of the infrared spectrogram, calculating the sum Sigma H30 of the half-peak widths at the two positions,
∑H30＝H301700+H303300；
(4) calculating the degradation degree omega of the polyethylene packaging material
ω＝(∑H30-∑H15)/∑H15×100％；
If omega is more than or equal to 50 percent, judging that the polyethylene packaging material to be detected is degradable, and stopping detection;
if omega is less than 50%, the polyethylene packaging material to be detected is judged to be undegradable, and the detection is terminated.
The invention has the technical effects that:
(1) the degradation matrix preparation module can automatically complete the pH value adjustment, strain inoculation and aeration operation of the culture solution, realize the automatic preparation of the culture matrix and reduce the labor intensity of degradation experiments.
(2) According to the invention, the half-peak width of the characteristic peak of the polyethylene packaging material is calculated by testing the infrared spectrogram of the intermediate product fatty acid degraded by the polyethylene packaging material, and the degradation index of the polyethylene packaging material is calculated by a formula, so that whether the polyethylene packaging material can be degraded or not is judged. When the packing material is synthesized, the more degradable components of the polyethylene packing material are, the stronger the degradability is judged by the method. By referring to the relevant regulations of the national standard GB/T28206-2011 and the national standard GB/T20197-2006, the same substance is tested by the method and the standard method in a contrast mode, and the results are consistent.
Drawings
FIG. 1is a schematic diagram of a system for testing the degradability of a polyethylene packaging material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a culture medium preparation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom structural view of a workbench according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a pH adjustment unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of another perspective view of a pH adjustment unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a pH setting unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of section I of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial view of II of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a shut-off unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of an inoculating unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11is a top view of an inoculating unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 11 and a partial enlarged view thereof;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 11;
FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of an inoculating loop driving mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of an alternate view of an inoculating loop driving mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of an inoculation path provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a schematic perspective view of an aeration unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a sectional view of an aeration unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a testing system for the degradability of a polyethylene packaging material comprises a degradation matrix preparation module, a polyethylene processing module to be tested, a constant temperature incubator 90 and an infrared spectrum detector 100, which are arranged in a sterile room; the degradation matrix preparation module comprises a culture bottle 10, a pH setting unit 20, an inoculation unit 30 and an aeration unit 40, wherein the culture bottle 10 is used for configuring and containing a culture solution, the pH setting unit 20 is used for adjusting the pH value of the culture solution, the inoculation unit 30 is used for inoculating a strain into the culture solution, and the aeration unit 40 is used for aerating the culture solution inoculated with the strain; the polyethylene processing module to be tested comprises a cleaning unit 50, a drying unit 60 and a sterilizing unit 70, wherein the cleaning unit 50 is used for cleaning polyethylene to be tested, the drying unit 60 is used for drying the cleaned polyethylene to be tested, the sterilizing unit 70 is used for sterilizing the dried polyethylene to be tested, and the sterilizing unit 70 is an ultraviolet sterilizing device; the polyethylene that awaits measuring after degradation matrix preparation module preparation's degradation matrix and the polyethylene processing module that awaits measuring handle the module and handle is put into after the manual work mixes with iodine bottle 80 constant temperature incubator 90 degrades, infrared spectrum detector 100 is used for carrying out infrared spectrum detection to the degradation liquid. An operator can place the culture bottle 10 in the degradation matrix preparation module only by preparing all components of the culture solution in the culture bottle 10, and the degradation matrix preparation module automatically completes the pH value adjustment, strain inoculation and aeration operation of the culture solution, so that the automatic preparation of the culture matrix is realized, and the labor intensity of a degradation experiment is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the degradation matrix preparation module comprises a workbench 1, a clamping unit 2 for fixing a culture bottle 10 is arranged on the workbench 1, and the pH adjusting unit 20, the inoculation unit 30 and the aeration unit 40 are respectively arranged at the side of the clamping unit 2; specifically, the clamping unit 2 comprises two arc-shaped pressing plates 201 symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction, the arc-shaped pressing plates 201 are connected with the vibration disc 21 in a sliding mode in the vertical direction through vertical guide pillars 202, a push plate 204 is arranged at the lower end of each vertical guide pillar 202, a pressure spring 203 is arranged between each push plate 204 and the bottom surface of the vibration disc 21, and vertical piston cylinders 205 arranged in a split mode with the push plates 204 are arranged below the pressing plates. The pH adjusting unit 20, the inoculating unit 30 and the aerating unit 40 are respectively installed on a first rotary telescopic frame 101, a second rotary telescopic frame 102 and a third rotary telescopic frame 103, the first rotary telescopic frame 101, the second rotary telescopic frame 102 and the third rotary telescopic frame 103 are identical in structure and respectively comprise a vertical telescopic rod and a swing rod horizontally arranged at the top end of the vertical telescopic rod in a hanging manner, the lower end of the vertical telescopic rod is connected with a main shaft of a servo motor, and the servo motor is installed on a sliding block of a vertical electric cylinder; the pH adjusting unit 20, the inoculation unit 30 and the aeration unit 40 are respectively arranged at the swing rod suspension ends of a first rotary telescopic frame 101, a second rotary telescopic frame 102 and a third rotary telescopic frame 103. The pH adjusting unit 20, the inoculation unit 30 and the aeration unit 40 are all provided with cleaning modules 3 on the horizontal swinging paths, wherein the inoculation unit 30 and the aeration unit 40 share the same cleaning module 3, the cleaning module 3 comprises a cavity with an open top, and the inner wall of the cavity is provided with a spraying device, a heating device and an ultraviolet sterilization device.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 to 9, the pH adjusting unit 20 includes a vibrating disk 21, a pH sensor 221, and a regulating solution titration mechanism, the clamping unit 2 is installed on the vibrating disk 21, the vibrating disk 21 is arranged in a horizontal plane in a translational manner along a circular path, and a vibrating disk driving unit for driving the vibrating disk 21 to translate is arranged below the workbench 1; the pH sensor 221 and the adjusting liquid titration mechanism are installed on the first movable seat 22, the adjusting liquid titration mechanism comprises a dropper 222 and an interception unit, the dropper 222 is communicated with an adjusting liquid storage container, and the height of the adjusting liquid storage container is higher than that of the dropper 222; a rotating shaft 223 is arranged on the first movable seat 22, a first plug body 224 is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 223, the first plug body 224 is eccentrically connected with the rotating shaft 223, the axial distance between the first plug body 224 and the rotating shaft 223 is equal to the radius of the translation path of the vibration disc 21, a sliding ring 2241 which is coaxially and rotatably connected with the first plug body 224 is arranged on the outer side of the first plug body 224, and the sliding ring 2241 is in plug-in fit with the mouth of the culture bottle 10; through holes which are communicated with each other are formed in the rotating shaft 223 and the first plug body 224, the pH sensor 221 and the dropper 222 are inserted into the through holes and protrude below the first plug body 224, a gear 2231 is connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft 223, a rotating ring 225 is further rotatably arranged on the first movable seat 22, the axis of the rotating ring 225 is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft 223, a gear ring 2251 is arranged on the inner ring surface of the rotating ring 225, the gear 2231 is internally engaged with the gear ring 2251, and a bump 2252 is further arranged on the inner ring surface of the rotating ring 225; the intercepting unit comprises a first clamping arm 2221 fixedly connected with the first movable seat 22, and a second clamping arm 2222 formed by the first clamping arm 2221 in an opening and closing manner, the dropper 222 is located between the first clamping arm 2221 and the second clamping arm 2222, the dropper 222 is a flexible pipe, a first elastic unit 2224 used for driving the first clamping arm 2221 and the second clamping arm 2222 to be closed is arranged between the second clamping arm 2222 and the first clamping arm 2221, the first elastic unit 2224 is a pressure spring, the dropper 222 is normally in a blocking state due to the first elastic unit 2224, the second clamping arm 2222 is connected with a push head 2223, the push head 2223 is located on a rotation path of the projection 2252, and when the projection 2252 passes through the push head 2223, the push head 2223 can be pressed and the second clamping arm 2222 is separated from the first clamping arm 2221, so that the dropper 222 is conducted; the driving signal input end of the vibrating disk driving unit and the detection signal output end of the pH sensor 221 are both connected with the controller, and the controller controls the vibrating disk driving unit to stop when the pH sensor 221 detects that the pH value of the culture solution reaches a designed value.
The specific working process and working principle of the pH setting unit 20 are as follows: operating personnel operation control panel lifts two arc clamp plates 201 that press from both sides tight unit 2, then places the blake bottle 10 that contains the culture solution on vibration dish 21, then controls two arc clamp plates 201 and descends, and arc clamp plate 201 presss from both sides tight blake bottle 10 under the effect of pressure spring 203, and equipment begins to carry out the pH regulation operation, specifically is: the first rotary telescopic frame 101 extracts the pH adjusting unit 20 from the cleaning module 3, transfers the pH adjusting unit 20 to the upper part of the culture bottle 10, drives the pH adjusting unit 20 to descend, and inserts the first plug body 224 into the mouth of the culture bottle 10; starting a vibrating disk driving unit, wherein the vibrating disk driving unit comprises a vibrating disk driving motor 211, a vibrating disk 21 is pivoted with the workbench 1 through two eccentric shafts 212, one of the eccentric shafts 212 is connected with a main shaft of the vibrating disk driving motor 211, the vibrating disk driving motor 211 drives the vibrating disk 21 to shake along a circular path in a horizontal plane, and the culture solution can be fully stirred in the process; meanwhile, the culture bottle 10 can drive the first plug body 224 and the rotating shaft 223 to rotate, the rotating shaft 223 drives the rotating ring 225 to rotate through the gear 2231 and the gear ring 2251, the cut-off unit is opened once when the rotating ring 225 rotates for one circle, so that the regulating solution is dripped into the culture bottle 10, and the gear ratio of the gear 2231 to the gear ring 2251 is set to be 1: n, the closure unit is opened once every time the culture bottle 10 shakes for n circles, preferably, n is set to 5 in the embodiment, and the closure unit is opened once every time the culture bottle 10 shakes for 5 circles, so that sufficient mixing time can be reserved for the regulating solution to ensure the accuracy of the detection data of the pH sensor 221; when the pH sensor 221 detects that the pH value of the culture solution reaches a designed value, the controller controls the vibration disc driving motor 211 to stop, then the first rotary expansion bracket 101 transfers the pH adjusting unit 20 into the cleaning module 3 again for cleaning and degerming, and the pH adjusting process is completed.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 10-15, the inoculating unit 30 includes an inoculating loop 31 and an inoculating loop driving mechanism; the inoculating loop 31 and the inoculating loop driving mechanism are installed on the second movable seat 32, the inoculating loop 31 is pivoted with the second movable seat 32 through a universal joint 37, and the inoculating loop driving mechanism comprises a driving seat 34, an X-direction driving motor 35 and a Y-direction driving motor 36; the driving signal input ends of the X-direction driving motor 35 and the Y-direction driving motor 36 are connected with the controller; the inoculating loop 31 is provided with a ball head 341, the ball head 341 is connected with the handle of the inoculating loop 31 in a sliding manner, the ball head 341 is connected with a driving seat 34 in a spherical hinge manner, the driving seat 34 is arranged on a sliding seat 33 in a sliding manner along the X direction, the sliding seat 33 is arranged on a second movable seat 32 in a sliding manner along the Y direction, the X direction and the Y direction are both horizontal directions, the X direction and the Y direction are mutually vertical, the sliding seat 33 is rotatably provided with a crankshaft 351, the driving seat 34 is provided with a kidney-shaped hole 342, the length direction of the kidney-shaped hole 342 is mutually vertical to the X direction, the crankshaft 351 is pivoted with the kidney-shaped hole 342 in a sliding manner, the X-direction driving motor 35 is arranged on the sliding seat 33, and the main shaft of the X-direction driving motor 35 passes through a reduction gear; a main shaft of the Y-direction driving motor 36 is connected with a screw rod arranged in parallel with the Y direction, and the screw rod and a nut block arranged on the sliding seat 33 form threaded transmission fit; the sliding base 33 comprises a sliding block 331 and a lifting block 332, the sliding block 331 is slidably connected with the second movable base 32, the lifting block 332 is movably connected with the sliding block 331 along the vertical direction, the driving base 34, the X-direction driving motor 35 and the crankshaft 351 are all arranged on the lifting block 332, a second elastic unit 334 for driving the lifting block 332 to move upwards relative to the sliding block 331 is arranged between the lifting block 332 and the sliding block 331, and the second elastic unit 334 is an elastic sheet; the second movable seat 32 and the lifting block 332 are respectively provided with a first arched protrusion 321 and a second arched protrusion 333, the first arched protrusion 321 is located on a movable path of the second arched protrusion 333, the first arched protrusion 321 is located in the middle of a sliding stroke of the sliding seat 33, and when the sliding seat 33 passes through the first arched protrusion 321, the first arched protrusion 321 gradually presses the second arched protrusion 333 to enable the lifting block 332 to gradually descend; the inoculation unit 30 further comprises a strain tube 4 for storing strains, and the strain tube 4 is placed in a test tube rack 401 arranged on the workbench 1; the second movable seat 32 is movably arranged between the seed tube 4 and the culture bottle 10 along the horizontal direction.
The inoculation unit 30 of the present invention can simulate manual streaking action to ensure uniform inoculation, and the specific working principle is as follows: the second rotary expansion bracket 102 extracts the inoculation unit 30 from the cleaning module 3, firstly transfers the inoculation unit 30 to the inoculation tube 4 and dips the bacteria liquid, then transfers the inoculation unit 30 to the culture bottle 10 and inserts the inoculating loop 31 into the culture bottle 10, the Y-direction driving motor 36 firstly drives the sliding seat 33 to slide towards one end of the second movable seat 32, so that the inoculating loop 31 swings to one end of the Y direction, then the X-direction driving motor 35 drives the driving seat 34 to reciprocate, so that the inoculating loop 31 swings in the X direction in a reciprocating manner, and meanwhile, the Y-direction driving motor 36 drives the sliding seat 33 to move in the reverse direction, so that the inoculating loop 31 swings in the Y direction; since the chord length of the middle part of the culture bottle 10 is larger than that of the edge part, in order to ensure that the scribing line fully covers the liquid level, the swing amplitude of the inoculating loop 31 in the X direction is required to be larger than that in the two sides when the inoculating loop 10 swings in the middle part, therefore, the arched bulge is arranged between the second movable seat 32 and the lifting block 332, when the inoculating loop 31 swings to the middle part of the culture bottle 10, the arched bulge can press down the driving seat 34, so that the driving seat 34 can be close to the pivot of the inoculating loop 31, and the sliding stroke of the driving seat 34 in the X direction is constant, so that the driving seat 34 can swing the inoculating loop 31 to a larger extent when being closer to the pivot, and the whole scribing path of the inoculating loop 31 is shown in FIG. 16, and can be seen that the path fully covers the; after the inoculating loop 31 is inoculated, the second rotary expansion bracket 102 moves the inoculating loop 31 back to the cleaning module 3, and at this time, if a plurality of strains need to be inoculated, the above actions are executed again after the inoculating loop 31 is cleaned until all strains are inoculated.
As shown in fig. 17 and 18, the aeration unit 40 includes a second plug 41, and an air inlet pipe 42 and an air outlet pipe 43 which are arranged through the second plug 41, the second plug 41 is mounted on the third movable seat, the second plug 41 is in plug-in fit with the mouth of the culture bottle 10, the upper end of the air inlet pipe 42 is communicated with an air source, the upper end of the air outlet pipe 43 is communicated with the waste gas collecting and processing device, and the protruding length of the lower end of the air inlet pipe 42 is greater than that of the lower end of the air outlet pipe 43.
The working process of the aeration unit 40 is as follows: the third rotary expansion bracket 103 draws the aeration unit 40 out of the cleaning module 3, the second plug body 41 is inserted into the bottleneck of the culture bottle 10, the air inlet pipe 42 should be submerged into the bottom of the culture substrate at the moment, then the air source starts to supply air to the air inlet pipe 42, the air and the culture substrate perform sufficient biochemical reaction, the discharged waste is introduced into the waste collection and treatment device through the exhaust pipe 43, the air source stops supplying air after the aeration reaches the preset time, the second rotary expansion bracket 102 moves the aeration unit 40 back into the cleaning module 3, and the aeration process is completed.
The specific models and specifications of the cleaning unit 50, the drying unit 60, the sterilizing unit 70, the constant temperature incubator 90 and the infrared spectrum detector 100 in the present invention can be selected from the prior art according to actual detection needs.
Example 2
A method for testing the degradability of a polyethylene packaging material by using the testing system for the degradability of the polyethylene packaging material comprises the following steps:
this example separately performs degradability tests on five groups of samples shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 weight ratio of linear low density polyethylene to modified montmorillonite for samples 1-5
| Linear low density polyethylene/g | Modified montmorillonite/g | Linear low density polyethylene/modified montmorillonite | |
| Sample 1 | 50 | 1 | 1：0.02 |
| Sample 2 | 50 | 5 | 1：0.1 |
| |
50 | 10 | 1：0.2 |
| Sample No. 4 | 50 | 15 | 1：0.3 |
| Sample No. 5 | 50 | 20 | 1：0.4 |
The degradability of sample 1 was tested by the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture solution: adding 0.5g of sucrose, 0.5g of beef extract, 2g of sodium chloride, 2g of ammonium chloride, 0.3g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of potassium chloride, 1.0g of peptone and 1000ml of distilled water into a culture bottle 10, and adjusting the pH to 6.0 by using 0.01mol/l of sterilized sodium hydroxide solution;
(2) preparing a degradation matrix: respectively inoculating Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus and Actinomyces strains into the culture solution obtained in step (1) by scribing, stirring, continuously aerating for 48h at the air inflow of 2.0L/min, and standing for 48 h;
(3) cleaning, drying and sterilizing the sample 1, then taking 250ml of the degradation matrix obtained in the step (2), pouring the degradation matrix into a 500ml iodine flask, weighing 5g of the treated sample 1, putting the sample into the degradation matrix, sealing the opening of the degradation matrix, putting the degradation matrix into a constant-temperature incubator 90 for degradation, taking the degradation solution for infrared test after 15 days, and calculating an infrared spectrogram of 1700cm-1Half peak width H of15 1700Is 1.5 mm;
continuing to culture for 30 days, taking the degradation liquid, performing infrared test, and calculating an infrared spectrogram of 1700cm-1Half peak width H of30 1700Is 2.5 mm;
(4) calculating the degradation index omega of the polyethylene packaging material according to the formula (1),
ω＝(H30 1700-H15 1700)/H30 1700＝(2.5–1.5)/2.5＝0.4；
omega is less than 0.5, the polyethylene packaging material to be detected can not be degraded, and the detection is terminated.
The degradability of sample 2 was tested by the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture solution: adding 0.5g of sucrose, 0.5g of beef extract, 2g of sodium chloride, 2g of ammonium chloride, 0.3g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of potassium chloride, 1.0g of peptone and 1000ml of distilled water into a culture bottle 10, and adjusting the pH to 6.5 by using 0.01mol/l of sterilized sodium hydroxide solution;
(2) preparing a degradation matrix: respectively inoculating Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus and Actinomyces strains into the culture solution obtained in step (1) by scribing, stirring, continuously aerating for 48h at the air inflow of 2.0L/min, and standing for 48 h;
(3) for the sample2, cleaning, drying and sterilizing, then taking 250ml of the degradation matrix obtained in the step (2), pouring into a 500ml iodine bottle, weighing 5g of the treated sample 2, putting into the degradation matrix, sealing, putting into a constant temperature incubator 90 for degradation, taking the degradation liquid for infrared test after 15 days, and calculating an infrared spectrogram of 1700cm-1Half peak width H of15 1700Is 2.5 mm;
continuing to culture for 30 days, taking the degradation liquid, performing infrared test, and calculating an infrared spectrogram of 1700cm-1Half peak width H of30 1700Is 4.5 mm;
(4) calculating the degradation index omega of the polyethylene packaging material according to the formula (1),
ω＝(H30 1700-H15 1700)/H30 1700＝(4.5–2.5)/4.5＝0.44；
omega is less than 0.5, the polyethylene packaging material to be detected can not be degraded, and the detection is terminated.
The degradability of sample 3 was tested by the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture solution: adding 0.5g of sucrose, 0.5g of beef extract, 2g of sodium chloride, 2g of ammonium chloride, 0.3g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of potassium chloride, 1.0g of peptone and 1000ml of distilled water into a culture bottle 10, and adjusting the pH to 7 by using 0.01mol/l of sterilized sodium hydroxide solution;
(2) preparing a degradation matrix: respectively inoculating Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus and Actinomyces strains into the culture solution obtained in step (1) by scribing, stirring, continuously aerating for 48h at the air inflow of 2.0L/min, and standing for 48 h;
(3) cleaning, drying and sterilizing a sample 3, pouring 250ml of the degradation matrix obtained in the step (2) into a 500ml iodine flask, weighing 5g of the treated sample 3, putting the sample into the degradation matrix, sealing the opening of the degradation matrix, putting the degradation matrix into a constant-temperature incubator 90 for degradation, measuring the degradation temperature at 25 ℃, taking the degradation solution after 15 days for infrared test, and calculating an infrared spectrogram of 1700cm-1Half peak width H of15 1700Is 4.5 mm;
continuing culturing for 30 days, performing infrared test on the degradation solution, and calculating infrared spectrogram1700cm-1Half peak width H of30 17008.5 mm;
(4) calculating the degradation index omega of the polyethylene packaging material according to the formula (1),
ω＝(H30 1700-H15 1700)/H30 1700＝(8.5–4.5)/8.5＝0.47；
omega is less than 0.5, the polyethylene packaging material to be detected can not be degraded, and the detection is terminated.
The degradability of sample 4 was tested by the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture solution: adding 0.5g of sucrose, 0.5g of beef extract, 2g of sodium chloride, 2g of ammonium chloride, 0.3g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of potassium chloride, 1.0g of peptone and 1000ml of distilled water into a culture bottle 10, and adjusting the pH to 7 by using 0.01mol/l of sterilized sodium hydroxide solution;
(2) preparing a degradation matrix: respectively inoculating Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus and Actinomyces strains into the culture solution obtained in step (1) by scribing, stirring, continuously aerating for 48h at the air inflow of 2.0L/min, and standing for 48 h;
(3) cleaning, drying and sterilizing the sample 4, then taking 250ml of the degradation matrix obtained in the step (2), pouring the degradation matrix into a 500ml iodine flask, weighing 5g of the treated sample 4, putting the sample into the degradation matrix, sealing the opening of the degradation matrix, putting the degradation matrix into a constant-temperature incubator 90 for degradation, taking the degradation solution for infrared test after 15 days, and calculating an infrared spectrogram of 1700cm-1Half peak width H of15 17006.5 mm;
continuing to culture for 30 days, taking the degradation liquid, performing infrared test, and calculating an infrared spectrogram of 1700cm-1Half peak width H of30 1700Is 13.5 mm;
(4) calculating the degradation index omega of the polyethylene packaging material according to the formula (1),
ω＝(H30 1700-H15 1700)/H30 1700＝(13.5–6.5)/13.5＝0.52；
omega is more than 0.5, the polyethylene packaging material to be detected can be degraded, and the detection is terminated.
The degradability of sample 5 was tested by the following steps:
(1) preparing a culture solution: adding 0.5g of sucrose, 0.5g of beef extract, 2g of sodium chloride, 2g of ammonium chloride, 0.3g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of potassium chloride, 1.0g of peptone and 1000ml of distilled water into a culture bottle 10, and adjusting the pH to 7 by using 0.01mol/l of sterilized sodium hydroxide solution;
(2) preparing a degradation matrix: respectively inoculating Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus and Actinomyces strains into the culture solution obtained in step (1) by scribing, stirring, continuously aerating for 48h at the air inflow of 2.0L/min, and standing for 48 h;
(3) cleaning, drying and sterilizing the sample 5, then taking 250ml of the degradation matrix obtained in the step (2), pouring the degradation matrix into a 500ml iodine flask, weighing 5g of the treated sample 5, putting the sample into the degradation matrix, sealing the opening of the degradation matrix, putting the degradation matrix into a constant-temperature incubator 90 for degradation, taking the degradation solution for infrared test after 15 days, and calculating an infrared spectrogram of 1700cm-1Half peak width H of15 1700Is 7.5 mm;
continuing to culture for 30 days, taking the degradation liquid, performing infrared test, and calculating an infrared spectrogram of 1700cm-1Half peak width H of30 1700Is 18.5 mm;
(4) calculating the degradation index omega of the polyethylene packaging material according to the formula (1),
ω＝(H30 1700-H15 1700)/H30 1700＝(18.5–7.5)/18.5＝0.59；
and omega is more than 0.5, judging the composite requirement of the degradability of the polyethylene packaging material, and terminating the detection.
And testing the degradability of the samples 1-5, wherein the biological decomposition rate is more than or equal to 60% according to GB/T20197-2006.
The degradability of the samples 1-5 is tested by using a method for testing the biological decomposition rate GB/T19277.1-2011ISO 14855-1: 2005, test method.
The conditions for meeting the compost quality requirements are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 detection criteria for compost quality
| Name (R) | Technical index |
| Organic matter (in terms of C) | ≥10％ |
| pH value | 6.5～8.5 |
| Total mercury (in Hg) | ≤5mg/kg |
| Total cadmium (in Cd) | ≤3mg/kg |
| Total lead (in terms of Pb) | ≤100mg/kg |
| Total arsenic (in As) | ≤30mg/kg |
| Total chromium (in terms of Cr) | ≤300mg/kg |
| Total nitrogen (in N) | ≥0.5％ |
| Total phosphorus (in P)2O5Meter) | ≥0.3％ |
| All potassium (in K)2O meter | ≥1.0％ |
Comparing the samples 1-5 by using the method of the invention and a national standard test method to obtain the test results shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of the three methods
Compared with the existing detection standards, the detection result of the method provided by the invention is consistent, and the method can be used for effectively detecting whether the polyethylene material has degradability.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention. Structures, devices, and methods of operation not specifically described or illustrated herein are generally practiced in the art without specific recitation or limitation.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a test system of polyethylene packaging material degradability which characterized in that: the device comprises a degradation matrix preparation module, a polyethylene treatment module to be detected, a constant temperature incubator (90) and an infrared spectrum detector (100) which are arranged in a sterile room; the degradation matrix preparation module comprises a culture bottle (10), a pH adjusting unit (20), an inoculation unit (30) and an aeration unit (40), wherein the culture bottle (10) is used for configuring and containing a culture solution, the pH adjusting unit (20) is used for adjusting the pH value of the culture solution, the inoculation unit (30) is used for inoculating a strain into the culture solution, and the aeration unit (40) is used for aerating the culture solution inoculated with the strain; the polyethylene processing module to be tested comprises a cleaning unit (50), a drying unit (60) and a sterilizing unit (70), wherein the cleaning unit (50) is used for cleaning polyethylene to be tested, the drying unit (60) is used for drying the cleaned polyethylene to be tested, and the sterilizing unit (70) is used for sterilizing the dried polyethylene to be tested; the polyethylene that awaits measuring after degradation matrix preparation module preparation and the polyethylene processing module that awaits measuring handle are handled puts into after the manual work mixes constant temperature incubator (90) degrade, infrared spectrum detector (100) are used for carrying out infrared spectrum detection to degradation liquid.
2. The polyethylene packaging material degradability test system of claim 1, characterized in that: the degradation matrix preparation module comprises a workbench (1), wherein a clamping unit (2) for fixing a culture bottle (10) is arranged on the workbench (1), and the pH adjusting unit (20), the inoculation unit (30) and the aeration unit (40) are respectively arranged beside the clamping unit (2).
3. The polyethylene packaging material degradability test system of claim 2, characterized in that: the pH adjusting unit (20) comprises a vibrating disk (21), a pH sensor (221) and a regulating liquid titration mechanism, the clamping unit (2) is installed on the vibrating disk (21), the vibrating disk (21) is arranged in a horizontal plane in a translation mode along a circular path, and a vibrating disk driving unit for driving the vibrating disk (21) to translate is arranged below the workbench (1); the pH sensor (221) and the adjusting liquid titration mechanism are arranged on the first movable seat (22), the adjusting liquid titration mechanism comprises a dropper (222) and an interception unit, the dropper (222) is communicated with the adjusting liquid storage container, and the height of the adjusting liquid storage container is higher than that of the dropper (222); a rotating shaft (223) is arranged on the first movable seat (22), a first plug body (224) is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft (223), the first plug body (224) is eccentrically connected with the rotating shaft (223), the axial distance between the first plug body (224) and the rotating shaft (223) is equal to the radius of a translation path of the vibration disc (21), a sliding ring (2241) which is coaxially and rotatably connected with the first plug body (224) is arranged on the outer side of the first plug body (224), and the sliding ring (2241) is in plug-in fit with the mouth of the culture bottle (10); through holes which are mutually communicated are formed in the rotating shaft (223) and the first plug body (224), the pH sensor (221) and the dropper (222) are inserted into the through holes and protrude below the first plug body (224), a gear (2231) is connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft (223), a rotating ring (225) is further rotatably arranged on the first movable seat (22), the axis of the rotating ring (225) is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft (223), a gear ring (2251) is arranged on the inner ring surface of the rotating ring (225), the gear (2231) is internally engaged with the gear ring (2251), and a convex block (2252) is further arranged on the inner ring surface of the rotating ring (225); the intercepting unit comprises a first clamping arm (2221) which is fixedly connected with the first movable seat (22) relatively, and a second clamping arm (2222) which is arranged in an opening and closing way with the first clamping arm (2221), wherein the dropper (222) is positioned between the first clamping arm (2221) and the second clamping arm (2222) and the dropper (222) is a flexible pipe, a first elastic unit (2224) for driving the second clamping arm (2222) and the first clamping arm (2221) to be folded is arranged between the second clamping arm (2222) and the first clamping arm (2221), the dropper (222) is in a blocking state under a normal state by the first elastic unit (2224), a push head (2223) is connected to the second clamping arm (2222), the push head (2223) is located on the rotation path of the projection (2252), when the projection (2252) passes through the pushing head (2223), the pushing head (2223) can be pressed and the second clamping arm (2222) is pushed to separate from the first clamping arm (2221), so that the dropper (222) is conducted; the driving signal input end of the vibrating disk driving unit and the detection signal output end of the pH sensor (221) are connected with the controller, and the controller controls the vibrating disk driving unit to stop when the pH sensor (221) detects that the pH value of the culture solution reaches a designed value.
4. The polyethylene packaging material degradability test system of claim 2, characterized in that: the inoculation unit (30) comprises an inoculating loop (31) and an inoculating loop driving mechanism; the inoculating loop (31) and the inoculating loop driving mechanism are arranged on the second movable seat (32), the inoculating loop (31) is pivoted with the second movable seat (32) through a universal joint (37), and the inoculating loop driving mechanism comprises a driving seat (34), an X-direction driving motor (35) and a Y-direction driving motor (36); the driving signal input ends of the X-direction driving motor (35) and the Y-direction driving motor (36) are connected with a controller; a ball head (341) is arranged on the inoculating loop (31), the ball head (341) is connected with the handle part of the inoculating loop (31) in a sliding way, the ball head (341) is connected with the driving seat (34) in a spherical hinge way, the driving seat (34) is arranged on the sliding seat (33) in a sliding manner along the X direction, the sliding seat (33) is arranged on the second movable seat (32) in a sliding manner along the Y direction, the X direction and the Y direction are both horizontal directions and are mutually vertical, a crankshaft (351) is rotatably arranged on the sliding seat (33), the driving seat (34) is provided with a waist-shaped hole (342), the length direction of the waist-shaped hole (342) is vertical to the X direction, the crankshaft (351) is in sliding pin joint with the waist-shaped hole (342), the X-direction driving motor (35) is arranged on the sliding seat (33), the main shaft of the X-direction driving motor (35) drives the reduction gear pair to form transmission fit with the crankshaft (351); a main shaft of the Y-direction driving motor (36) is connected with a screw rod arranged in parallel with the Y direction, and the screw rod and a nut block arranged on the sliding seat (33) form threaded transmission fit; the sliding seat (33) comprises a sliding block (331) and a lifting block (332), the sliding block (331) is connected with the second movable seat (32) in a sliding mode, the lifting block (332) is movably connected with the sliding block (331) along the vertical direction, the driving seat (34), the X-direction driving motor (35) and the crankshaft (351) are all arranged on the lifting block (332), and a second elastic unit (334) used for driving the lifting block (332) to move upwards relative to the sliding block (331) is arranged between the lifting block (332) and the sliding block (331); the second movable seat (32) and the lifting block (332) are respectively provided with a first arched protrusion (321) and a second arched protrusion (333), the first arched protrusion (321) is positioned on the movable path of the second arched protrusion (333), the first arched protrusion (321) is positioned in the middle of the sliding stroke of the sliding seat (33), and when the sliding seat (33) passes through the first arched protrusion (321), the first arched protrusion (321) gradually extrudes the second arched protrusion (333) to enable the lifting block (332) to gradually descend; the inoculation unit (30) further comprises a spawn tube (4) for storing spawns, and the spawn tube (4) is placed in a test tube rack (401) arranged on the workbench (1); the second movable seat (32) is movably arranged between the strain tube (4) and the culture bottle (10) along the horizontal direction.
5. The polyethylene packaging material degradability test system of claim 2, characterized in that: the aeration unit (40) comprises a second plug body (41), and an air inlet pipe (42) and an air outlet pipe (43) which are arranged through the second plug body (41), wherein the second plug body (41) is installed on a third movable seat, the second plug body (41) is in plug-in fit with the bottle opening of the culture bottle (10), the upper end of the air inlet pipe (42) is communicated with an air source, the upper end of the air outlet pipe (43) is communicated with an exhaust gas collecting and processing device, and the protruding length of the lower end of the air inlet pipe (42) is greater than that of the lower end of the air outlet pipe (43).
6. The polyethylene packaging material degradability test system of claim 2, characterized in that: the pH adjusting unit (20), the inoculating unit (30) and the aerating unit (40) are respectively arranged on a first rotary expansion bracket (101), a second rotary expansion bracket (102) and a third rotary expansion bracket (103), the first rotary expansion bracket (101), the second rotary expansion bracket (102) and the third rotary expansion bracket (103) have the same structure and respectively comprise a vertical expansion rod and a swing rod horizontally arranged at the top end of the vertical expansion rod in a hanging manner, the lower end of the vertical expansion rod is connected with a main shaft of a servo motor, and the servo motor is arranged on a slide block (331) of a vertical electric cylinder; the pH adjusting unit (20), the inoculating unit (30) and the aerating unit (40) are respectively arranged at the swing rod suspension ends of the first rotary telescopic frame (101), the second rotary telescopic frame (102) and the third rotary telescopic frame (103).
7. The polyethylene packaging material degradability test system of claim 6, characterized in that: all be equipped with cleaning module (3) on the swing route of pH setting unit (20), inoculation unit (30) and aeration unit (40) horizontal direction, wherein inoculation unit (30) and same cleaning module (3) of aeration unit (40) sharing, cleaning module (3) include open-topped cavity, are equipped with spray set, heating device and ultraviolet ray bacteria removing device on the cavity inner wall.
8. The polyethylene packaging material degradability test system of claim 2, characterized in that: the clamping unit (2) comprises two arc-shaped pressing plates (201) symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction, the arc-shaped pressing plates (201) are connected with the vibration disc (21) in a sliding mode in the vertical direction through vertical guide pillars (202), a push plate (204) is arranged at the lower end of each vertical guide pillar (202), a pressure spring (203) is arranged between each push plate (204) and the bottom surface of the vibration disc (21), and vertical piston cylinders (205) which are arranged in a split mode with the push plates (204) are arranged below the pressing plates.
9. The polyethylene packaging material degradability test system of claim 1, characterized in that: the sterilizing unit (70) is an ultraviolet sterilizing device.
10. A method for testing degradability of polyethylene packaging material using a testing system for degradability of polyethylene packaging material according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing culture solution
Adding 0.5g of cane sugar, 0.5g of beef extract, 2g of sodium chloride, 2g of ammonium chloride, 0.3g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5g of potassium chloride, 1.0g of peptone and 1000ml of distilled water into a culture bottle (10), placing the culture bottle (10) in a degradation matrix preparation module, and adjusting the pH to 6.0-7.0 by using 0.01mol/l of sterilized sodium hydroxide solution;
(2) preparation of degradable matrices
Respectively inoculating aspergillus oryzae, bacillus and actinomycete strains into the culture solution in the step (1) by using an inoculation unit (30), uniformly stirring, continuously aerating for 48 hours by using an aeration unit (40) at the air inflow of 2.0L/min, and standing for 48 hours;
(3) degradation treatment:
cleaning, drying and sterilizing the polyethylene packaging material to be detected by using a polyethylene processing module to be detected, then taking 250ml of the degradation matrix obtained in the step (2), pouring the degradation matrix into a 500ml iodine measuring flask, weighing 5g of the processed polyethylene packaging material, putting the polyethylene packaging material into the degradation matrix, sealing the opening of the degradation matrix, putting the polyethylene packaging material into a constant-temperature incubator (90) for degradation at the degradation temperature of 25-28 ℃, taking the degradation liquid after 15 days, carrying out infrared test, respectively calculating the half-peak width H151700 at 1700cm-1 and the half-peak width H153300 at 3300cm-1 of an infrared spectrogram, and according to the calculated sum sigma H15 of the two half-peak widths,
∑H15＝H151700+H153300；
continuing culturing, taking the degradation liquid after 30 days, performing infrared test, respectively calculating half-peak width H301700 at 1700cm-1 and half-peak width H303300 at 3300cm-1 of the infrared spectrogram, calculating the sum Sigma H30 of the half-peak widths at the two positions,
∑H30＝H301700+H303300；
(4) calculating the degradation degree omega of the polyethylene packaging material
ω＝(∑H30-∑H15)/∑H15×100％；
If omega is more than or equal to 50 percent, judging that the polyethylene packaging material to be detected is degradable, and stopping detection;
if omega is less than 50%, the polyethylene packaging material to be detected is judged to be undegradable, and the detection is terminated.
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