CN110668878A - Porous slow-release selenium fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Porous slow-release selenium fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/08—Other methods of shaping glass by foaming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
- C03C11/007—Foam glass, e.g. obtained by incorporating a blowing agent and heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a porous slow-release selenium fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer comprises the steps of mixing and ball-milling fly ash, phosphate slag, glass, perlite, pumice powder, volcanic ash and potassium nitrate, and then moving the mixture into a foaming kiln for foaming to prepare a spherical open-cell foaming porous matrix by pelleting; putting the selenium-rich mineral powder, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium silicate into a mixer to be mixed to obtain selenium-rich fertilizer slurry; mixing and granulating the foamed porous matrix and the selenium-rich fertilizer slurry to obtain the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer; the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer takes the porous glass as a carrier, and the selenium-containing minerals are prepared into the porous fertilizer, so that compared with the common fertilizer, the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer has higher fertilizer efficiency, has the functions of slow release, water retention and ventilation, cannot be in large-area contact with the surrounding soil, and is beneficial to keeping the loose degree of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a slow release fertilizer, in particular to a porous slow release selenium fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Selenium has various pharmacological actions such as anticancer, heart protection, liver protection, myopia and cataract prevention and treatment, detoxification, immunity improvement, aging delay and reproductive function enhancement, and is known as 'vital fire', 'heart guard' and 'anticancer king'. Selenium deficiency can cause people to suffer from serious physiological disorder, Kaschin-Beck disease and keshan disease, and can also cause other many unobvious symptoms such as immune function damage and thyroid function damage; prone to depression, anxiety and decline in cognitive function; reduced fertility, etc. As an essential element in human life activities, as early as 1988, the Chinese Nutrition society lists selenium in one of several dietary nutrients which must be taken by residents in China every day, and points out that the intake of selenium is as low as 50 micrograms per day per person, and the newly published dietary nutrition survey results of residents in China show that the daily intake of selenium by the residents in China is 39.9 micrograms per day, and the selenium cannot reach the standard.
At present, the approaches for supplementing selenium for human bodies mainly comprise dietary supplementation (selenium-enriched food) and medicinal supplementation (selenium-containing medicines and health-care products). Compared with expensive health-care medicines, the food tonic can be accepted by the masses. The food supplement is mainly to develop ecological organic selenium-rich agricultural products and improve the content level of ecological organic selenium in a food chain by developing ecological organic selenium-rich agriculture. Modern medicine proves that dietetic invigoration is one of the most scientific and safest ways for supplementing selenium for human beings at present.
The selenium in the food mainly comes from soil, most of China is in selenium-deficient zones except two selenium-rich areas of the purple-yang county of Shaanxi province and the Enshi autonomous state of Hubei province, the areas with more than 70% of selenium deficiency areas with different degrees span 22 provinces and municipal autonomous areas from northeast to southwest in China, and the intake of 7 hundred million persons of selenium is seriously insufficient for a long time. Roger et al found that the artificial selenium fertilizer application can effectively increase the selenium content in rice in a short time by comparing natural selenium-rich soil with artificial selenium fertilizer application (sodium selenite Na2SeO3) through pot experiments, so that the selenium content of rice is close to or even exceeds the selenium content of rice produced in natural selenium-rich soil areas. The selenium-rich soil artificially applied with the selenium fertilizer can lead to the enhancement of soil alkalinity, the rise of oxidation-reduction potential and the increase of the content of effective forms (water soluble state + ion exchange state) of toxic and harmful elements in the soil, and meanwhile, the artificially applied effective selenium enhances the physiological activity of the rice, accelerates the metabolism, accelerates the maturity and greatly shortens the filling period and the maturation period of the rice.
The selenium fertilizer application mode mainly comprises the modes of soil fertilization, foliage spraying, selenium liquid seed dressing and the like: the selenium source in the selenium fertilizer is sodium selenate or sodium selenite, the organic/inorganic selenium fertilizer is applied by repeated operation every year, the labor cost is increased, and meanwhile, the sodium selenite has certain toxicity and causes potential harm to constructors. Meanwhile, the volatilization temperature of the selenium-containing minerals is about 700 ℃, and related researches indicate that selenium in the stone coal is almost completely volatilized at 800 ℃, the volatilization rate reaches 98.6%, when the temperature reaches 900 ℃, the selenium in the stone coal is completely volatilized, the volatilization rate reaches 100%, and the selenium in the visible fertilizer is extremely easy to completely volatilize, so that the applied selenium fertilizer cannot achieve the due effect. In addition, the long-term use of the selenium fertilizer can cause serious damage to soil physicochemical properties and a soil microbial system, so that soil hardening and fertility decline year by year, and the selenium fertilizer is not beneficial to ecological sustainable development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a porous slow-release selenium fertilizer which is low in manufacturing cost, difficult to volatilize and good in using effect and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a porous slow-release selenium fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking 10-20% of fly ash, 10-40% of phosphate slag, 10-20% of glass, 10-20% of perlite, 10-20% of pumice powder, 10-20% of volcanic ash and 1-5% of potassium nitrate according to mass fraction, putting the materials into a ball mill, ball-milling for 20-36h, and sieving the ball-milled powder materials through a 100-mesh 150-mesh standard sieve to obtain a batch material;
step two: putting the batch mixture into a heat-resistant stainless steel mold, and moving the mold and the batch mixture into a foaming kiln; heating from room temperature to 680-730 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 15-30 min; then, heating to 850-1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-6 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 25-45 min; cooling to below 50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and taking out the sample; cutting the sample into fragments, putting the fragments into a large pill machine to form pills, and sieving the pelletized sample to obtain the spherical open-cell foamed porous matrix;
step three: drying and ball-milling selenium-rich mineral powder to 100-150 meshes, putting the selenium-rich mineral powder into a 550 ℃ rotary furnace, preserving heat for 10-30min, cooling to room temperature, and putting 60-90% of the selenium-rich mineral powder, 5-35% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 1-8% of potassium silicate into a mixer according to mass fraction to be uniformly mixed; adding the mixture into a ball mill, adding water accounting for 20-50% of the mass of the mixture into the ball mill, and performing ball milling for 1-2 hours to obtain selenium-rich fertilizer slurry;
step four: mixing a foaming porous matrix and selenium-rich fertilizer slurry according to the weight ratio of 1: (21-35) putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation, fishing out the foamed porous matrix after granulation, quickly putting the foamed porous matrix into an oven furnace with the temperature of 350-550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5-15 min, and then cooling to below 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min and taking out the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer to obtain the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer.
Further, in the second step, the sample is cut into square fragments with the side length of 1-5 mm, the cut sample fragments are placed into a pill machine, and the pill forming process is completed by rotating for 1-5 min at 30-70 r/min.
Further, in the granulation process in the fourth step, the granulator rotates at 10-30 rpm for 10-25 min to complete granulation.
Further, the grinding medium in the ball mill is zirconia balls, the diameter of the grinding medium is less than 5mm, and the mass ratio of the grinding medium to the feeding material is controlled to be 2: 1.
further, the potassium nitrate and the diammonium phosphate are industrial raw materials.
Furthermore, the selenium content in the selenium-enriched mineral powder is more than 5g/t, and when the selenium-enriched mineral powder is used, the selenium-enriched mineral powder is dried in an oven at 110 ℃ and then is subjected to burdening.
Further, the refractoriness of the heat-resistant stainless steel mould is higher than 1100 ℃, and before the batch is filled in the mould, a release agent with the thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm is sprayed on the inner wall of the mould, wherein the release agent is slurry mixed by Suzhou soil, alumina powder and water.
Further, the release agent is slurry mixed by 400-mesh Suzhou soil, 400-mesh alumina powder and water; wherein the mass ratio of 400-mesh Suzhou soil to 400-mesh alumina powder is 1: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the porous glass is used as a carrier, the selenium-containing minerals are prepared into the porous fertilizer, the selenium can be supplemented, and simultaneously, elements required by crops such as Si, P, K and the like contained in the selenium-containing minerals can be supplemented, compared with the common fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency is higher, the porous characteristic and the selenium-rich minerals/fertilizers are wrapped in the porous glass, so that the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer has the functions of slow release, water retention and air permeability, can not be in large-area contact with the surrounding soil, and is beneficial to keeping the loose degree of the soil;
(2) the selenium-rich ore contains a certain amount of carbon, can be used as a natural foaming agent, and other foaming agents are not required to be introduced in the preparation process of the slow-release fertilizer, so that the resource is saved, and the cost is reduced;
(3) aiming at different crops, the selenium content in the formula can be regulated and designed, the method is consistent with the way of nutrition absorption of the crops, the growth rule of the plants is met, the transportation and transformation processes are long, and the transformation rate and the utilization rate are high, so that the organic selenium content in the crops is high;
(4) the obtained selenium-rich porous slow-release fertilizer is a silicate system, slowly reacts with water in soil for decomposition, does not have the problem of soil desertification, and is beneficial to ecological sustainable development.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps: putting 10% of fly ash, 40% of phosphate slag, 10% of glass, 10% of perlite, 10% of pumice powder, 15% of volcanic ash and 5% of potassium nitrate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, ball-milling for 20 hours, sieving the ball-milled powder through a 150-mesh standard sieve with the sieve residue less than 2%, and obtaining a batch; grinding media in the ball mill are zirconia balls, the diameter of the grinding media is less than 5mm, and the mass ratio of the grinding media to the feeding materials is controlled to be 2: 1; the potassium nitrate is an industrial grade raw material;
step two: putting the batch mixture into a heat-resistant stainless steel mold, and moving the mold and the batch mixture into a foaming kiln; heating to 680 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min from room temperature, and preserving heat for 30 min; then, heating to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 45 min; then, cooling to below 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 2 ℃/min, and taking out the sample; then, cutting the sample into squares with the side length of 1-5 mm; finally, placing the cut sample into a large pill machine, rotating for 5min at 30 revolutions per minute, and sieving the sample to obtain the spherical open-cell foamed porous matrix;
the refractory mould has a refractoriness of more than 1100 deg.C and can be reused at 1000 deg.C. Before the mixture is filled in a mold, spraying a release agent with the thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm on the inner wall of the mold, wherein the release agent is slurry mixed by 400-mesh Suzhou soil, 400-mesh alumina powder and water; wherein the mass ratio of 400-mesh Suzhou soil to 400-mesh alumina powder is 1: 1;
step three: drying high-concentration selenium-enriched mineral powder in an oven furnace at 110 ℃, wherein the selenium content in the selenium-enriched mineral powder is more than 5g/t, ball-milling the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder to 100-150 meshes, putting the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder into a 550-DEG rotary furnace, preserving heat for 10min, cooling to room temperature, and then putting 77% of the selenium-enriched mineral powder, 15% of diammonium phosphate and 8% of potassium silicate into a mixer according to mass fraction to be uniformly mixed; then, adding the mixture into a ball mill, adding 50% of water into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 1h to obtain selenium-rich fertilizer slurry, wherein diammonium hydrogen phosphate is used as an industrial raw material;
step four: first, the porous matrix is foamed, in weight ratios: selenium-rich fertilizer slurry is 1: 21, putting the foamed porous matrix and the selenium-rich fertilizer slurry into a granulator; then, the granulator rotates for 25min at 10 revolutions/min; and finally, fishing out the foamed porous matrix in the granulator, quickly putting the foamed porous matrix into an oven at 550 ℃, preserving the heat for 5min, cooling to below 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, and taking out the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer.
Example 2:
the method comprises the following steps: putting 20% of fly ash, 10% of phosphate slag, 20% of glass, 20% of perlite, 10% of pumice powder, 19% of volcanic ash and 1% of potassium nitrate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, ball-milling for 36 hours, sieving the ball-milled powder through a 150-mesh standard sieve with the sieve residue less than 2%, and obtaining a batch; grinding media in the ball mill are zirconia balls, the diameter of the grinding media is less than 5mm, and the mass ratio of the grinding media to the feeding materials is controlled to be 2: 1;
step two: putting the batch mixture into a heat-resistant stainless steel mold, and moving the mold and the batch mixture into a foaming kiln; heating up to 730 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 15 min; then, heating to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 25 min; then, cooling to below 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/min, and taking out the sample; then, cutting the sample into squares with the side length of 1-5 mm; finally, putting the cut sample into a large-ball machine, rotating for 1min at 70 r/min, and sieving the sample to obtain the spherical open-cell foamed porous matrix;
step three: drying high-concentration selenium-enriched mineral powder in an oven furnace at 110 ℃, wherein the selenium content in the selenium-enriched mineral powder is more than 5g/t, ball-milling the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder to 100-150 meshes, putting the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder into a 550-DEG rotary furnace, preserving heat for 30min, cooling to room temperature, and then putting 90% of the selenium-enriched mineral powder, 9% of diammonium phosphate and 1% of potassium silicate into a mixer according to mass fraction to be uniformly mixed; then, adding the mixture into a ball mill, adding water accounting for 20% of the mixture into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 2 hours to obtain selenium-rich fertilizer slurry, wherein diammonium hydrogen phosphate is used as an industrial raw material;
step four: first, the porous matrix is foamed, in weight ratios: selenium-rich fertilizer slurry is 1: 35, placing the foamed porous matrix and the selenium-rich fertilizer slurry into a granulator; then, the granulator rotates for 10min at 30 revolutions/min; and finally, fishing out the foamed porous matrix in the granulator, quickly putting the foamed porous matrix into an oven furnace at 350 ℃, preserving the heat for 15min, cooling to below 50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min, and taking out the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer.
Example 3:
the method comprises the following steps: putting 13% of fly ash, 15% of phosphate slag, 15% of glass, 15% of perlite, 20% of pumice powder, 20% of volcanic ash and 2% of potassium nitrate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, ball-milling for 30 hours, sieving the ball-milled powder through a 150-mesh standard sieve with the sieve residue less than 2%, and obtaining a batch; grinding media in the ball mill are zirconia balls, the diameter of the grinding media is less than 5mm, and the mass ratio of the grinding media to the feeding materials is controlled to be 2: 1;
step two: putting the batch mixture into a heat-resistant stainless steel mold, and moving the mold and the batch mixture into a foaming kiln; heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min from room temperature, and preserving heat for 20 min; then, heating to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 30 min; then, cooling to below 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/min, and taking out the sample; then, cutting the sample into squares with the side length of 1-5 mm; finally, putting the cut sample into a large pill machine, rotating for 3min at 50 revolutions per minute, and sieving the sample to obtain the spherical open-cell foamed porous matrix;
step three: drying high-concentration selenium-enriched mineral powder in an oven furnace at 110 ℃, wherein the selenium content in the selenium-enriched mineral powder is more than 5g/t, ball-milling the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder to 100-150 meshes, putting the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder into a 550-DEG rotary furnace, preserving the heat for 20min, cooling to room temperature, and then putting 90% of the selenium-enriched mineral powder, 5% of diammonium phosphate and 5% of potassium silicate into a mixer according to mass fraction to be uniformly mixed; then, adding the mixture into a ball mill, adding water accounting for 40% of the mixture into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 1.5h to obtain selenium-rich fertilizer slurry, wherein diammonium phosphate is used as an industrial raw material;
step four: first, the porous matrix is foamed, in weight ratios: selenium-rich fertilizer slurry is 1: 28, placing the foamed porous matrix and the selenium-enriched fertilizer slurry into a granulator; then, the granulator rotates for 15min at 20 revolutions/min; and finally, fishing out the foamed porous matrix in the granulator, quickly putting the foamed porous matrix into an oven furnace at 450 ℃, preserving the heat for 10min, cooling to below 50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, and taking out the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer.
Example 4:
the method comprises the following steps: putting 20% of fly ash, 12% of phosphate slag, 18% of glass, 20% of perlite, 15% of pumice powder, 10% of volcanic ash and 5% of potassium nitrate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, ball-milling for 25 hours, sieving the ball-milled powder through a 150-mesh standard sieve with the sieve residue less than 2%, and obtaining a batch; grinding media in the ball mill are zirconia balls, the diameter of the grinding media is less than 5mm, and the mass ratio of the grinding media to the feeding materials is controlled to be 2: 1;
step two: putting the batch mixture into a heat-resistant stainless steel mold, and moving the mold and the batch mixture into a foaming kiln; heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min from room temperature, and preserving heat for 20 min; then, heating to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 30 min; then, cooling to below 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/min, and taking out the sample; then, cutting the sample into squares with the side length of 1-5 mm; finally, putting the cut sample into a large pill machine, rotating for 3min at 50 revolutions per minute, and sieving the sample to obtain the spherical open-cell foamed porous matrix;
step three: drying high-concentration selenium-enriched mineral powder in an oven furnace at 110 ℃, wherein the selenium content in the selenium-enriched mineral powder is more than 5g/t, ball-milling the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder to 100-150 meshes, putting the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder into a 550-DEG rotary furnace, preserving heat for 20min, cooling to room temperature, and then putting 60% of the selenium-enriched mineral powder, 32% of diammonium phosphate and 8% of potassium silicate into a mixer according to mass fraction to be uniformly mixed; then, adding the mixture into a ball mill, adding water accounting for 40% of the mixture into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 1.5h to obtain selenium-rich fertilizer slurry, wherein diammonium phosphate is used as an industrial raw material;
step four: first, the porous matrix is foamed, in weight ratios: selenium-rich fertilizer slurry is 1: 30, putting the foamed porous matrix and the selenium-rich fertilizer slurry into a granulator; then, the granulator rotates for 15min at 20 revolutions/min; and finally, fishing out the foamed porous matrix in the granulator, quickly putting the foamed porous matrix into an oven furnace at 450 ℃, preserving the heat for 10min, cooling to below 50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, and taking out the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer.
Example 5:
the method comprises the following steps: putting 20% of fly ash, 20% of phosphate slag, 15% of glass, 15% of perlite, 15% of pumice powder, 10% of volcanic ash and 5% of potassium nitrate into a ball mill according to mass fraction, ball-milling for 25 hours, sieving the ball-milled powder through a 150-mesh standard sieve with the sieve residue less than 2%, and obtaining a batch; grinding media in the ball mill are zirconia balls, the diameter of the grinding media is less than 5mm, and the mass ratio of the grinding media to the feeding materials is controlled to be 2: 1;
step two: putting the batch mixture into a heat-resistant stainless steel mold, and moving the mold and the batch mixture into a foaming kiln; heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min from room temperature, and preserving heat for 20 min; then, heating to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 30 min; then, cooling to below 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/min, and taking out the sample; then, cutting the sample into squares with the side length of 1-5 mm; finally, putting the cut sample into a large pill machine, rotating for 3min at 50 revolutions per minute, and sieving the sample to obtain the spherical open-cell foamed porous matrix;
step three: drying high-concentration selenium-enriched mineral powder in an oven furnace at 110 ℃, wherein the selenium content in the selenium-enriched mineral powder is more than 5g/t, ball-milling the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder to 100-150 meshes, putting the dried selenium-enriched mineral powder into a 550-DEG rotary furnace, preserving heat for 25min, cooling to room temperature, and then putting 60% of the selenium-enriched mineral powder, 35% of diammonium phosphate and 5% of potassium silicate into a mixer according to mass fraction to be uniformly mixed; then, adding the mixture into a ball mill, adding water accounting for 40% of the mixture into the ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 1.5h to obtain selenium-rich fertilizer slurry, wherein diammonium phosphate is used as an industrial raw material;
step four: first, the porous matrix is foamed, in weight ratios: selenium-rich fertilizer slurry is 1: 30, putting the foamed porous matrix and the selenium-rich fertilizer slurry into a granulator; then, the granulator rotates for 15min at 20 revolutions/min; and finally, fishing out the foamed porous matrix in the granulator, quickly putting the foamed porous matrix into an oven furnace at 450 ℃, preserving the heat for 10min, cooling to below 50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min, and taking out the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a porous slow-release selenium fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: taking 10-20% of fly ash, 10-40% of phosphate slag, 10-20% of glass, 10-20% of perlite, 10-20% of pumice powder, 10-20% of volcanic ash and 1-5% of potassium nitrate according to mass fraction, putting the materials into a ball mill, ball-milling for 20-36h, and sieving the ball-milled powder materials through a 100-mesh 150-mesh standard sieve to obtain a batch material;
step two: putting the batch mixture into a heat-resistant stainless steel mold, and moving the mold and the batch mixture into a foaming kiln; heating from room temperature to 680-730 ℃ at a heating rate of 4-8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 15-30 min; then, heating to 850-1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-6 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 25-45 min; cooling to below 50 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1-2 ℃/min, and taking out the sample; cutting the sample into fragments, putting the fragments into a large pill machine to form pills, and sieving the pelletized sample to obtain the spherical open-cell foamed porous matrix;
step three: drying and ball-milling selenium-rich mineral powder to 100-150 meshes, putting the selenium-rich mineral powder into a 550 ℃ rotary furnace, preserving heat for 10-30min, cooling to room temperature, and putting 60-90% of the selenium-rich mineral powder, 5-35% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 1-8% of potassium silicate into a mixer according to mass fraction to be uniformly mixed; adding the mixture into a ball mill, adding water accounting for 20-50% of the mass of the mixture into the ball mill, and performing ball milling for 1-2 hours to obtain selenium-rich fertilizer slurry;
step four: mixing a foaming porous matrix and selenium-rich fertilizer slurry according to the weight ratio of 1: (21-35) putting the mixture into a granulator for granulation, fishing out the foamed porous matrix after granulation, quickly putting the foamed porous matrix into an oven furnace with the temperature of 350-550 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5-15 min, and then cooling to below 50 ℃ at the cooling rate of 5-10 ℃/min and taking out the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer to obtain the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the sample is cut into square fragments with the side length of 1-5 mm, the cut sample fragments are put into a pill forming machine, and the pill forming process is completed by rotating for 1-5 min at 30-70 r/min.
3. The preparation method of the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the granulating process is to rotate the granulator at 10-30 rpm for 10-25 min to complete the granulation.
4. The preparation method of the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grinding medium in the ball mill is zirconia balls, the diameter of the grinding medium is less than 5mm, and the mass ratio of the grinding medium to the feeding material is controlled to be 2: 1.
5. the preparation method of the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the potassium nitrate and the diammonium phosphate are industrial raw materials.
6. The preparation method of the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selenium content in the selenium-rich mineral powder is more than 5g/t, and when the selenium-rich mineral powder is used, the selenium-rich mineral powder is dried in an oven at 110 ℃ and then is subjected to burdening.
7. The preparation method of the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the refractoriness of the heat-resistant stainless steel mould is higher than 1100 ℃, and before the batch materials are loaded in the mould, a release agent with the thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm is sprayed on the inner wall of the mould, wherein the release agent is slurry mixed by Suzhou soil, alumina powder and water.
8. The preparation method of the porous slow-release selenium fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: the release agent is slurry mixed by 400-mesh Suzhou soil, 400-mesh alumina powder and water; wherein the mass ratio of 400-mesh Suzhou soil to 400-mesh alumina powder is 1: 1.
9. The porous slow-release selenium fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to the claims 1-8.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111908971A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-10 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method of selenium-rich fertilizer with high stability and slow release property |
| CN113133373A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | Arbor and shrub growth controllable nutrient medium and application thereof |
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| CN106242764A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-12-21 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of selenium-rich sustained release particle substrate fertilizer |
| CN107162725A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-09-15 | 咸阳润源生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of aqueous liquid selenium-enriched fertilizer |
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| US20020066233A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-06-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ceramic aggregate particles |
| CN103145340A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-12 | 承德远通钢铁设备制造有限公司 | Method for preparing high-strength porous foam glass by utilizing blast furnace slag |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113133373A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | Arbor and shrub growth controllable nutrient medium and application thereof |
| CN113133373B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2024-02-20 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | Arbor and shrub growth controllable nutrient medium and application |
| CN111908971A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-10 | 陕西科技大学 | Preparation method of selenium-rich fertilizer with high stability and slow release property |
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