CN110373201B - Soil conditioner for quickly and long-acting remediation of cadmium pollution of farmland and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for quickly and long-acting remediation of cadmium pollution of farmland and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil conditioner production, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner for quickly and long-acting remediation of cadmium pollution of a farmland and a preparation method thereof; according to the weight ratio of raw materials, the soil conditioner comprises: 60-80 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer; 5-10 parts of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate; 5-15 parts of alum; 10-15 parts of sodium carbonate. The silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer contains nutrient components which can be absorbed by plants, and the mass percentage of the nutrient components is as follows: more than or equal to 30 percent of available silicon, more than or equal to 28 percent of available calcium, more than or equal to 4 percent of available magnesium and more than or equal to 5 percent of available potassium. The soil conditioner can rapidly passivate heavy metal cadmium in polluted farmland soil, reduce the mobility and toxicity of the heavy metal cadmium, and slowly release ions and radicals which form solid precipitated substances with the heavy metal cadmium for a long time, so that the problem of restoration failure caused by environmental change is solved, and the problems of soil hardening, salinization and the like caused by long-term application of a large amount of heavy metal passivators are also solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil conditioner production, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner for quickly and long-acting remediation of cadmium pollution of a farmland and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of industrialization in China, the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil is a serious environmental problem facing China, and according to the survey bulletin of the national soil pollution conditions, the exceeding rate of cadmium pollution points exceeds 7 percent and is in the first place of each heavy metal pollution. Cadmium ions are absorbed by root systems and transported in vivo and accumulated on edible parts of plants so as to enter food chains to be ingested by human bodies, thus seriously damaging the health of the human bodies. The cadmium pollution of the soil has great threat to the safety of agricultural products and the health of human bodies, and the farmland cadmium pollution remediation technology is urgently needed.
In order to control the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil and reduce the content of heavy metal in the soil which is polluted by the heavy metal, various technologies for repairing the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil have been developed at present. The repair techniques that are more widely used include: (1) physical remediation methods such as a soil-breaking method, an electrokinetic method, a thermal desorption method, and the like; (2) chemical repair techniques, such as chemical leaching, redox repair, chemical passivation, and the like; (3) bioremediation technology, which utilizes some plants, animals or microorganisms to absorb and extract or fix heavy metals in soil. The physical repair method has large engineering quantity and higher cost; the bioremediation period is longer and the regional adaptability is poorer.
The method is characterized in that a modifier (passivating agent) is added into the heavy metal contaminated soil to change the form of the heavy metal in the soil, so that the heavy metal is converted from an exchangeable state with high biological effectiveness to a combined state such as carbonate with low biological effectiveness, and the migration capacity and biological effectiveness of the heavy metal in the soil are effectively reduced, thereby achieving the aim of restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil. The method has the characteristics of low investment, quick restoration, simple operation and the like, and has better superiority in restoring large-area low-and-medium-pollution soil.
The in-situ fixation restoration technology for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil also has the defects of changing the occurrence form of the heavy metal in the soil, but the heavy metal still remains in the soil, the re-release of the heavy metal can be caused by the change of environmental conditions (percolation, weathering, acidification, temperature, biology and the like), and the damage of the soil structure can be caused by the long-term addition of the passivator, so that the food quality safety is influenced finally. On the basis of rapidly fixing the heavy metal in the soil, the heavy metal is continuously kept in a fixed state, and the re-release of the heavy metal can be inhibited for a long time, and related researches have not been reported yet, so that the development of the material combining rapid in-situ fixation and repair with a long-acting repair technology is a necessary way for realizing the repair of the heavy metal in the farmland soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the soil conditioner for quickly and long-acting remediation of farmland cadmium pollution and the preparation method thereof, the soil conditioner not only can quickly passivate heavy metal cadmium in polluted farmland soil and reduce the mobility and toxicity of the heavy metal cadmium, but also can slowly release ions and groups of solid precipitate substances formed with the heavy metal cadmium for a long time, thereby avoiding the remediation failure problem caused by environmental change, and also avoiding the problems of soil hardening, salinization and the like caused by long-term application of a large amount of heavy metal passivators.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmland comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60-80 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer; 5-10 parts of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate; 5-15 parts of alum; 10-15 parts of sodium carbonate; the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is a citrate-soluble medium element fertilizer containing effective calcium, effective silicon, effective magnesium and effective potassium nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and the production process comprises the following steps: taking potassium feldspar, dolomite and limestone as raw materials, and sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding to obtain a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer; the main mineral components of the prepared silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer comprise leucite, kaliophilite and gehlenite.
Further, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer contains nutrient components, namely effective calcium, effective silicon, effective magnesium and effective potassium, which can be absorbed by plants, and the nutrient components comprise the following components in percentage by mass: the effective silicon is more than or equal to 30 percent, the effective calcium is more than or equal to 28 percent, the effective magnesium is more than or equal to 4 percent, and the effective potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent.
Further, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer takes potassium feldspar, dolomite and limestone as raw materials; wherein the mass content of the potassium feldspar is 35-70%, the mass content of the limestone is 20-50%, and the mass content of the dolomite is 10-30%.
Furthermore, the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate is prepared by calcining limestone, bauxite and desulfurized gypsum.
Further, the alum is industrial-grade alum for water treatment.
Further, the sodium carbonate is industrial sodium carbonate.
Further, the invention also discloses a method for preparing the soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, uniformly mixing the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and sodium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 10:1, and then spraying and granulating, wherein the particle size is controlled to be 1.0-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is 10-30N; preparing a granular material A;
s2, uniformly mixing the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate with the sodium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 5:1, and then spraying and granulating, wherein the particle size is controlled to be 1.0-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is 10-30N; preparing a granular material B;
s3, evenly mixing alum and the rest sodium carbonate, and performing spray granulation, wherein the particle size of the particles is controlled to be 1.0-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is controlled to be 10-30N; preparing a granular material C;
s4, mixing the particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmlands.
Further, a method for preparing the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 65 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 6.5 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator to control the grain size of a finished product to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content to be less than 3% and the granular strength to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 10 parts of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 2 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 10 parts of alum and 6.5 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the granular strength is 10-30N;
and S4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmlands.
Further, a method for preparing the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 70 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 7 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 8 parts of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 1.6 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator to control the particle size of a finished product to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content to be less than 3% and the granular strength to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 10 parts of alum and 3.4 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
and S4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmlands.
Still further, a method for preparing the above soil conditioner, comprising the steps of:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 80 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 8 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 5 parts of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 1 part of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 5 parts of alum and 1 part of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the granular strength is 10-30N;
and S4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmlands.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the invention firstly proposes to use the aluminum glue Al (OH)3The method is a passivation technical route of heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil of a catalytic medium, has good passivation effect, can obviously reduce the effective cadmium content in the soil and reduce the cadmium content in crop plants and grains;
(2) the soil conditioner provided by the invention not only can rapidly passivate heavy metal cadmium in soil, but also can remarkably inhibit harm caused by re-dissolution of cadmium in a quite long time, has the characteristics of small one-time use amount and rapid and long-acting restoration, reduces damage of the restoration agent to farmland soil, and reduces the labor use amount;
(3) the soil conditioner provided by the invention not only has the function of quickly and long-acting repairing heavy metals, but also can provide nutrient components such as silicon, calcium, potassium, magnesium and the like required by crops, and has obvious effects on improving soil fertility and improving the yield and quality of the crops;
(4) the soil conditioner provided by the invention has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple preparation process technology, low cost, wide product applicability and good popularization and application prospects.
Detailed Description
The inventor finds that Cd is obtained through long-term research2+Besides surface complex, cadmium hydroxide polymer is formed on the surface of the aluminum gel, and the cadmium hydroxide polymer is combined with carbonate ions in the environment and gradually converted into cadmium carbonate with low solubility, so that cadmium ions are solidified. To avoid Cd after environmental changes2+Dissolving out again, continuously hydrolyzing the aluminum gel with aluminum-containing mineral, simultaneously providing carbonate ions, and keeping Cd2+The calcium sulphoaluminate and the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer can slowly provide intermediate alumina gel required by solidification, thereby realizing long-term solidification of cadmium in the polluted soil. The invention develops a soil conditioner for quickly and long-acting remediation of cadmium pollution of farmlands by utilizing the characteristics that alum, anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizers dissolve out aluminum cement from high speed to low speed in soil. In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are listed:
the invention discloses a soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmland, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer: 60-80 parts; anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate: 5-10; alum: 5-15; sodium carbonate: 10-15 parts of;
the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is a citrate-soluble medium element fertilizer containing effective calcium, effective silicon, effective magnesium and effective potassium nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and the production process comprises the following steps: taking potassium feldspar, dolomite and limestone as raw materials, and sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding to obtain a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer; wherein the mass content of potassium feldspar is 35-70%, the mass content of limestone is 20-50%, the mass content of dolomite is 10-30%, and the main mineral composition of the prepared silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is leucite (KAlSi)2O6) Kaliophilite (KAlSiO)4) Calcium-aluminium-yellow feldspar (Ca)2Al2SiO7) The nutrient composition which can be absorbed by plants comprises: more than or equal to 30 percent of available silicon, more than or equal to 28 percent of available calcium, more than or equal to 4 percent of available magnesium and more than or equal to 5 percent of available potassium. In addition, silicon fertilizer, silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, potassium-calcium fertilizer, potassium-silicon fertilizer and the like prepared by high-temperature sintering or melting method of natural minerals, even derivative products based on the fertilizers can be used as substitutes for the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer.
The anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate is prepared by high-temperature calcining, cooling, crushing and grinding limestone, bauxite and desulfurized gypsum;
the alum is industrial grade alum for water treatment;
the sodium carbonate is industrial sodium carbonate.
The alum and the sodium carbonate contained in the invention firstly carry out ion exchange reaction with heavy metal cadmium ions in the soil to generate cadmium carbonate precipitate with low solubility, thereby quickly reducing the content of effective cadmium in the soil and reducing the mobility and toxicity of the cadmium; the speed of the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate gradually hydrating in the soil to generate calcium hydroxide and alumina gel is slower than that of alum, but is faster than that of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, and carbonate ions in the sodium carbonate and dissociated cadmium ions are combined into cadmium carbonate precipitate, so that the passivation period of the cadmium ions is prolonged; with the time prolongation of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, minerals such as calcium-aluminum yellow feldspar (C2AS) and the like in the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer slowly release silicate ions and alumina gel, wherein the silicate ions and cadmium ions can be combined into compounds with very low solubility, and the carbonate ions and the cadmium ions form cadmium carbonate in the presence of the alumina gel, so that the curing effect on the cadmium ions is realized in a longer time range, and the quick and long-acting remediation effect on heavy metals in soil is realized. Researches show that the heavy metal content in crops is consistent with the content of effective heavy metal in soil, and the cadmium in the soil is reduced through the solidification effect, so that the cadmium in agricultural products is obviously reduced. Specifically, the cadmium passivation principle of the soil conditioner is as follows:
(1)KAl(SO4)2·12H2O→K++Al(OH)3+2SO4 2+
(3)Ca2Al2SiO7+H2O→C-S-H+Al(OH)3+SiO3 2+
the thought, principle and product provided by the invention are not only suitable for repairing heavy metal cadmium in soil, but also can be used for passivating heavy metals such as copper, chromium, lead, arsenic and the like in polluted soil.
To prepare the soil conditioner of the present invention, the present invention also provides a preparation method comprising:
(1) firstly, uniformly mixing a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and sodium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 10:1, and then spraying and granulating, wherein the particle size of the particles is controlled to be 1.0-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is 10-30N; preparing a granular material A;
(2) then uniformly mixing anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and sodium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 5:1, and then carrying out spray granulation, wherein the particle size of the particles is controlled to be 1.0-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is 10-30N; preparing a granular material B;
(3) mixing alum and the rest sodium carbonate uniformly, and performing spray granulation, wherein the particle size of the particles is controlled to be 1.0-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is 10-30N; preparing a granular material C;
(4) and mixing the granular materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner for quickly and long-acting remediation of cadmium pollution of the farmland.
Examples
The invention lists the weight proportions of the raw material components shown in the table 1 through examples 1-5 (corresponding to the soil conditioner numbers F1-F5):
TABLE 1 examples 1-5 raw material compositions in parts by weight
Example 1 preparation of soil conditioner T1 for rapid and long-lasting remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A: weighing 60kg of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 6kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then carrying out spray granulation in a granulator, wherein the particle size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 10kg of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 2kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 15kg of alum and 7kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then carrying out spray granulation in a granulator, wherein the grain diameter of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the granular strength is 10-30N;
s4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner T1 for quickly and long-term repairing the cadmium pollution of the farmland.
Example 2a soil conditioner T2 for rapid and long-lasting remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland is prepared:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 65kg of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 6.5kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator to control the grain size of a finished product to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture to be less than 3% and the granular strength to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 10kg of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 2kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 10kg of alum and 6.5kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then carrying out spray granulation in a granulator, wherein the grain diameter of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the granular strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner T2 for quickly and long-term repairing the cadmium pollution of the farmland.
Example 3 preparation of soil conditioner T3 for rapid and long-lasting remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 70kg of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 7kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 8kg of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 1.6kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator to control the particle size of a finished product to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content to be less than 3% and the granular strength to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 10kg of alum and 3.4kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then carrying out spray granulation in a granulator, wherein the grain diameter of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the granular strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner T3 for quickly and long-term repairing the cadmium pollution of the farmland.
Example 4 a soil conditioner T4 for rapid and long-lasting remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland was prepared:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 75kg of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 7.5kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator to control the grain size of a finished product to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture to be less than 3% and the granular strength to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 5kg of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 1kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 10kg of alum and 1.5kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then carrying out spray granulation in a granulator, wherein the grain diameter of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the granular strength is 10-30N;
s4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner T4 for quickly and long-term repairing the cadmium pollution of the farmland.
Example 5 preparation of soil conditioner T5 for rapid and long-lasting remediation of cadmium contamination of farmland:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 80kg of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 8kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 5kg of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 1kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 5kg of alum and 1kg of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then carrying out spray granulation in a granulator, wherein the grain diameter of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the granular strength is 10-30N;
s4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner T5 for quickly and long-term repairing the cadmium pollution of the farmland.
The soil conditioner for quickly and long-term remediation of cadmium pollution of farmland, prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the invention, is used as a base fertilizer for farmland with excessive cadmium for paddy rice planted in Hunan plant continents, and is used for field experiments, and the content of effective cadmium in soil without the soil conditioner, the content of effective cadmium in rice and the yield are compared, and the details are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 influence of different examples on the effective cadmium content in soil, cadmium content in rice and per mu yield of rice
Remarking: CK: a regimen without application of the soil conditioner of the invention; the field management such as fertilization of all the examples was consistent.
As can be seen from Table 2, the soil conditioner of the present invention was used only once in the three-year test process, and the soil conditioner was used as a base fertilizer, and only 20kg of the soil conditioner of the present invention was used per mu of contaminated soil. The effective cadmium content of the soil after one month, one year, two years and three years of the soil conditioner is respectively detected, and the table 2 shows that the effective cadmium content in the farmland soil using the soil conditioner is reduced by more than 50% within one month and is always kept at a lower level from the first year to the third year; the soil conditioner can quickly and long-term repair heavy metal cadmium in farmland soil; the effective cadmium content of the rice produced in the farmland in different embodiments is continuously detected for three years, which shows that the effective cadmium content of the rice produced in the farmland using the soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is kept at a lower level for three continuous years, and meets the requirement that Cd in paddy, brown rice and rice is less than 0.2mg/kg specified in GB 2762-. The yield of the farmland rice using the soil conditioner of the invention is increased to a different degree compared with the yield of the farmland rice without the soil conditioner of the invention.
The soil conditioner in the embodiment 2 can better provide nutrient components such as silicon, calcium, potassium, magnesium and the like required by crops, so that the soil fertility is improved, and the yield and quality of the crops are improved; the soil conditioner in example 3 has a better effect of inhibiting the cadmium content in crop grains; the soil conditioner of example 5 is more conducive to long-term reduction of cadmium content in soil and remediation of damaged fields.
It should be understood that the soil conditioner for rapidly and long-term remediation of farmland cadmium polluted soil prepared by the invention can be used for remediation of farmland soil polluted by heavy metal cadmium, and is also suitable for other farmland soil polluted by heavy metal, and industrial field and mining area soil polluted by heavy metal.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a soil conditioner for quickly and long-term remediation of cadmium pollution of farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to the weight ratio of raw materials, the soil conditioner comprises: 60-80 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer; 5-10 parts of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate; 5-15 parts of alum; 10-15 parts of sodium carbonate; the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is a citrate-soluble medium element fertilizer containing effective calcium, effective silicon, effective magnesium and effective potassium nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and the production process comprises the following steps: taking potassium feldspar, dolomite and limestone as raw materials, and sequentially crushing, grinding, calcining in a rotary kiln, cooling by a cooler, crushing and grinding to obtain a silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer; the main mineral components of the prepared silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer comprise leucite, kaliophilite and gehlenite;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, uniformly mixing the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and sodium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 10:1, and then spraying and granulating, wherein the particle size is controlled to be 1.0-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is 10-30N; preparing a granular material A;
s2, uniformly mixing the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate with the sodium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 5:1, and then spraying and granulating, wherein the particle size is controlled to be 1.0-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is 10-30N; preparing a granular material B;
s3, evenly mixing alum and the rest sodium carbonate, and performing spray granulation, wherein the particle size of the particles is controlled to be 1.0-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the particle strength is controlled to be 10-30N; preparing a granular material C;
s4, mixing the particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a mixer to obtain the soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmlands.
2. The preparation method of the soil conditioner for rapidly and long-term remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer contains nutrient components which can be absorbed by plants, and the mass percentage of the nutrient components is as follows: more than or equal to 30 percent of available silicon, more than or equal to 28 percent of available calcium, more than or equal to 4 percent of available magnesium and more than or equal to 5 percent of available potassium.
3. The preparation method of the soil conditioner for rapidly and long-term remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer takes potassium feldspar, dolomite and limestone as raw materials; wherein the mass content of the potassium feldspar is 35-70%, the mass content of the limestone is 20-50%, and the mass content of the dolomite is 10-30%.
4. The preparation method of the soil conditioner for rapidly and long-term remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate is prepared by calcining limestone, bauxite and desulfurized gypsum.
5. The method for preparing the soil conditioner for rapidly and long-term remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alum is industrial-grade alum for water treatment.
6. The method for preparing the soil conditioner for rapidly and long-term remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sodium carbonate is industrial soda ash.
7. The preparation method of the soil conditioner for rapidly and long-term remediation of cadmium pollution in farmland as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 65 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 6.5 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator to control the grain size of a finished product to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content to be less than 3% and the granular strength to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 10 parts of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 2 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 10 parts of alum and 6.5 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
and S4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmlands.
8. The preparation method of the soil conditioner for rapidly and long-term remediation of cadmium contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 70 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 7 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 8 parts of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 1.6 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator to control the particle size of a finished product to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content to be less than 3% and the granular strength to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 10 parts of alum and 3.4 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
and S4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmlands.
9. The preparation method of the soil conditioner for rapidly and long-term remediation of cadmium contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, firstly preparing a granular material A, weighing 80 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and 8 parts of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the water content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s2, preparing a granular material B, weighing 5 parts of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate and 1 part of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-type mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the grain strength is controlled to be 10-30N;
s3, preparing a granular material C, weighing 5 parts of alum and 1 part of sodium carbonate, uniformly mixing in a Y-shaped mixer, and then spraying and granulating in a granulator, wherein the grain size of a finished product is controlled to be 1-4.75mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the granular strength is 10-30N;
and S4, mixing the obtained particle materials A, B and C for 15-30 minutes by adopting a Y-shaped mixer to obtain the soil conditioner for quickly and long-term repairing cadmium pollution of farmlands.
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| CN113817473B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-05-13 | 河南农业大学 | Stabilizing agent for heavy metal contaminated soil remediation, preparation method and application thereof, and remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN115449373A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-09 | 湖北省地质科学研究院(湖北省富硒产业研究院) | Soil conditioner for reducing cadmium content of cadmium-polluted soil and application method thereof |
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