CN115449373A - Soil conditioner for reducing cadmium content of cadmium-polluted soil and application method thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for reducing cadmium content of cadmium-polluted soil and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a soil conditioner for reducing cadmium content in cadmium-polluted soil and a using method thereof, wherein the soil conditioner comprises 15-55 parts by weight of rice hull biochar, 6-7 parts by weight of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 35-75 parts by weight of vermiculite and 3-4 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer; the using method comprises the following steps: 1) Ploughing the soil in the cadmium-polluted area to a ploughing depth of 20cm; 2) Uniformly scattering a soil conditioner into the soil, wherein the control amount is between 0.3 and 0.6 percent of the soil; 3) Soaking in water for 1 week; 4) Irrigating and curing for 1 week, and planting crops after the irrigation and curing are finished. The soil conditioner is convenient to prepare, the using method is efficient and convenient, the physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved, the bioavailability of cadmium is reduced, the bioavailability of selenium is improved, and the resource and environment-friendly utilization are further guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of treatment and restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content of cadmium contaminated soil and a using method thereof.
Background
Selenium is a trace element necessary for human bodies, participates in synthesis of various enzymes and proteins in the human bodies, and has important effects of enhancing immunity, resisting oxidation, preventing cancer and resisting cancer and the like. At present, the activation of selenium in soil is mainly realized by adding a soil conditioner, such as straw biochar, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, chitosan and other materials, and improving the biological effectiveness of selenium in soil by improving the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil; the passivation of cadmium in soil is mainly realized by an in-situ chemical fixation method, and exogenous additives such as organic matters, zeolite, phosphate and the like are added into the soil so as to adjust and change the physical and chemical properties of heavy metal in the soil, so that the heavy metal generates a series of reactions such as precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, humification, redox and the like, the biological effectiveness and the mobility of the heavy metal in the soil environment are reduced, and the toxicity of heavy metal elements to animals and plants is reduced.
The selenium resource in Enshi areas of Hubei has obvious advantages and wide development and utilization prospects, but the soil in the high-selenium areas also has a high-cadmium phenomenon, which seriously restricts the development of the Enshi selenium-rich industry, so how to improve the high-cadmium pollution phenomenon in the selenium-rich areas is a problem to be solved at present.
Although the passivation effect of different passivation materials on cadmium in soil is verified in the previous related research results, the repair effect of the passivation materials on heavy metal contaminated soil is influenced by the soil type, the crop genotype and other related factors. Particularly, aiming at the situation that the cultivation of crops is influenced while soil pollution is caused in the region with selenium-rich and high-cadmium pollution in Enshi, and certain risks exist in resource and environment-friendly utilization, further treatment and repair are needed for reducing the toxicity of crops with cadmium easy to enrich.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content of the cadmium-polluted soil and the use method thereof.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content of cadmium-contaminated soil, the soil conditioner comprising: 15-55 parts of rice hull biochar, 6-7 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 35-75 parts of vermiculite and 3-4 parts of silicon fertilizer.
Preferably, the rice hull biochar is set to 40 parts by weight, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is set to 7 parts by weight, the vermiculite is set to 50 parts by weight, and the silicon fertilizer is set to 3 parts by weight.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the effective silicon in the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is more than or equal to 25%, the mass fraction of the effective calcium is more than or equal to 25%, and the mass fraction of the effective magnesium is more than or equal to 12%.
Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.5-2 mm.
Preferably, siO in the silicon fertilizer 2 The mass fraction of Si is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the mass fraction of Si is more than or equal to 25 percent.
The invention also provides a using method for improving the cadmium-polluted soil by adopting the soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
1) Ploughing the soil in the cadmium-polluted area to a ploughing depth of 20cm;
2) Uniformly spreading the soil conditioner into the soil, wherein the control amount is between 0.3 and 0.6 percent of the soil;
3) Soaking in water for 1 week;
4) Irrigating and curing for 1 week, and planting crops after the irrigation and curing are finished.
The technical scheme of the invention is based on the following principles:
1) The rice husk carbon is used as biochar, and is formed by high-temperature cracking after carbonization in an anoxic environment by adopting a high-temperature oxygen-limiting method, the main function of the biochar is to improve soil organic matters and the pH value to reduce the effectiveness of cadmium in soil, the mechanism is that rich functional groups in the biochar can form a surface complex with heavy metal, the adsorption and precipitation of the organic matters in the soil to the cadmium are increased, and the mobility and desorption amount of the cadmium in the soil are reduced;
2) The silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is used as phosphorus-containing material and has the main function of generating Cd with cadmium 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH]、Cd 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Insoluble precipitates such as Cl and the like reduce the content of free cadmium in soil, and on the other hand, the insoluble precipitates supplement trace elements required by plants and improve the stress resistance of the plants;
3) The vermiculite is selected as the clay mineral, and the mineral lattice structure of the vermiculite can fix cadmium ions in the clay mineral, so that the cadmium content in the soil in an exchange state is reduced, and the soil is difficult to absorb and utilize by plants. And the vermiculite has the effects of improving the soil structure, improving acid soil, increasing the air permeability and the water content of the soil and the like, and reacts with the fertilizer in the soil to increase the soil buffering property.
4) The silicon fertilizer is selected as a silicon-calcium material, and exists in the form of gel silicic acid after being hydrolyzed in soil, so that heavy metal stress of plants is relieved through adsorption; in addition, the co-complexation of silicon and cadmium is also a mechanism for effectively relieving the cadmium toxicity of rice plants.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the soil conditioner is compounded by a plurality of materials with better effects, and each component has the effects of enriching selenium and reducing cadmium; the applied soil mainly aims at the yellow brown soil with high selenium and cadmium, so that the safe development and utilization of selenium-rich land resources are realized; the effect verification is carried out on Enshi natural high-selenium and high-cadmium soil collected by soil for test, so that the method has a good experimental effect and a popularization prospect; the application method is simple, the operability is strong, the economic benefit is obvious after the application, and the method has important significance for preventing and controlling the polluted soil in the high-selenium and high-cadmium areas and guaranteeing the grain safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the comparative effects of root activity and activities of MDA, SOD, POD and CAT in rice leaves after soil conditioner is applied thereto;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparative effect of cadmium content in rice plants in potting application in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of comparing the selenium content of rice plants in potting application in the examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Examples
A soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content of cadmium-polluted soil comprises rice hull biochar, 6-7 parts by weight of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 35-75 parts by weight of vermiculite and 3-4 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer. Wherein the mass fraction of effective silicon in the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is more than or equal to 25%, the mass fraction of effective calcium is more than or equal to 25%, and the mass fraction of effective magnesium is more than or equal to 12%; the mass fraction of SiO2 in the silicon fertilizer is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the mass fraction of Si is more than or equal to 25 percent; the particle size of the vermiculite is 1mm.
As a further example, the rice hull bio-char is set to 40 parts by weight, the silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer is set to 7 parts by weight, the vermiculite is set to 50 parts by weight, and the silicon fertilizer is set to 3 parts by weight.
Pot culture application:
collecting surface layer cultivated yellow brown soil (the collection height range is 0-20 cm) in the selenium-rich and high-cadmium region of Enshi province as potting soil, and carrying out potting test in a certain selenium-rich industrial experimental research base by taking the hybrid rice of 'breeding excellent 709' as a rice variety to be tested, wherein the whole process of the test is carried out in a greenhouse, and ventilation and sufficient illumination are kept.
The whole application sets four processes:
1) Control group: no soil conditioner was applied;
2) Treatment 1: applying a soil conditioner which is formed by uniformly mixing 15 parts by weight of rice hull biochar, 7 parts by weight of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 75 parts by weight of vermiculite and 3 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer;
3) And (3) treatment 2: applying a soil conditioner prepared by uniformly mixing 40 parts by weight of rice hull biochar, 7 parts by weight of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 50 parts by weight of vermiculite and 3 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer;
4) And (3) treatment: and applying a soil conditioner prepared by uniformly mixing 55 parts by weight of rice hull biochar, 6 parts by weight of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 35 parts by weight of vermiculite and 4 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer.
The four treatments described above were repeated five times for a total of twenty pots, randomized block permutation, and protected row setting. The cultivation management measures during the test period are consistent with field management so as to compare the passivation effect of the soil conditioner and the improvement method.
The application method of applying the soil conditioner of the 3 treatment groups to improve the cadmium-polluted soil comprises the following steps:
1) Ploughing the yellow brown soil in the pot plant to a depth of 20cm;
2) Uniformly scattering a soil conditioner into the yellow-brown soil, wherein the control amount of the soil conditioner is 0.5 percent of the whole mass of the soil;
3) Soaking in water for 1 week;
4) Irrigating and curing for 1 week, and planting crops after irrigation and curing.
The measurement results of the control group and the 3 treatment groups are shown in tables 1 to 3.
Table 1: determination results of root activity and activities of MDA, SOD, POD and CAT in rice leaves
Table 2: determination results of plant height, tillering number, chlorophyll and thousand-grain weight of rice in mature period
Table 3: influence result on selenium and cadmium content in rice seeds in mature period
Note: in tables 1 to 3, different lower case letters in the same column indicate that the difference between treatments is significant at a level P < 0.05, and different upper case letters indicate that the difference between treatments is significant at a level P < 0.01.
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 3: the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in each treatment is reduced compared with that in a control group, and the activity of root system, SOD, POD and CAT enzymes is increased in different degrees, which indicates that the application of the soil conditioner relieves the peroxidation damage of plant cell membrane lipid and is beneficial to preventing plant cells from being poisoned. Wherein, malondialdehyde (MDA) is generally used as an index for evaluating the peroxidation damage of plant cell membrane lipid, and the lower the MDA content, the lower the cadmium toxicity degree of the rice plant is reflected. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and Catalase (CAT) in the plant antioxidant defense system are main enzymes in the plant antioxidant system and can be used as physiological indexes of plant stress resistance, and the three maintain the content of free radicals in plants to keep a steady level through synergistic action.
From table 2, it can be seen that: compared with a control group, the plant height and the tillering number of the group treated by the soil conditioner are remarkably increased, so that the soil conditioner has a certain promotion effect on the growth of rice in the soil with high selenium and high cadmium; the thousand seed weight is increased compared with that of a control group, so that the soil conditioner has the potential of promoting the quality improvement and yield increase of rice; the application of the soil conditioner significantly increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves of rice plants, probably related to the increased photosynthesis, compared to the control group.
As can be seen from table 3, fig. 1 and 2: after the soil conditioner is applied, the selenium content of the four treatment groups is increased, the maximum content is that after the soil conditioner is applied for treating 3, namely the soil conditioner which is formed by uniformly mixing 55 parts by weight of rice hull biochar, 6 parts by weight of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 35 parts by weight of vermiculite and 4 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer is applied, and the selenium content is increased by 53.30 percent; on the other hand, the cadmium content of the four treatment groups is obviously reduced, and the cadmium reduction range is maximum and reaches 84.18% when the soil conditioner is treated 2, namely the soil conditioner in which 40 parts by weight of rice hull biochar, 7 parts by weight of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 50 parts by weight of vermiculite and 3 parts by weight of silicon fertilizer are uniformly mixed. In general, the addition of the soil conditioner promotes the absorption of selenium by plants and inhibits the absorption of cadmium from soil by rice roots.
Comprehensive analysis experiment results show that the soil conditioner provided by the invention effectively improves the stress resistance of rice, improves the selenium content in the rice and reduces the cadmium content in the rice, wherein the soil conditioner applied to the treatment 2 achieves the optimal cadmium reduction effect.
Each component of the soil conditioner has the effects of enriching selenium and reducing cadmium, and is compounded by adopting a plurality of materials with better effects; the applied soil mainly aims at the soil with high selenium and cadmium, thereby realizing the safe development and utilization of selenium-rich land resources; the effect of Enshi natural high-selenium high-cadmium soil collected by test soil is verified, but the high-selenium high-cadmium soil prepared by adding selenium and cadmium elements in a laboratory is not verified; the using method is simple and the operability is strong.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content of cadmium-contaminated soil, which is characterized by comprising the following components: 15-55 parts of rice hull biochar, 6-7 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 35-75 parts of vermiculite and 3-4 parts of silicon fertilizer.
2. The soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content of cadmium-polluted soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice hull biochar is set to 40 parts by weight, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is set to 7 parts by weight, the vermiculite is set to 50 parts by weight, and the silicon fertilizer is set to 3 parts by weight.
3. The soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content in cadmium-polluted soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass fraction of available silicon in the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is not less than 25%, the mass fraction of available calcium is not less than 25%, and the mass fraction of available magnesium is not less than 12%.
4. The soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content in the cadmium-polluted soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.5-2 mm.
5. The soil conditioner for reducing the cadmium content in cadmium-polluted soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein SiO in the silicon fertilizer 2 The mass fraction of Si is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the mass fraction of Si is more than or equal to 25 percent.
6. A method of using the soil conditioner of any one of claims 1 to 5 to improve cadmium contaminated soil, comprising the steps of:
1) Ploughing the soil in the cadmium-polluted area to a ploughing depth of 20cm;
2) Uniformly spreading the soil conditioner into the soil, wherein the control amount is between 0.3 and 0.6 percent of the soil;
3) Soaking in water for 1 week;
4) Irrigating and curing for 1 week, and planting crops after irrigation and curing.
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