CN110668786B - 一种泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN110668786B
CN110668786B CN201910913311.XA CN201910913311A CN110668786B CN 110668786 B CN110668786 B CN 110668786B CN 201910913311 A CN201910913311 A CN 201910913311A CN 110668786 B CN110668786 B CN 110668786B
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extraction tailings
titanium extraction
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郝建璋
黎建明
任艳丽
曾冠武
邵国庆
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Pangang Group Panzhihua Iron and Steel Research Institute Co Ltd
Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industry Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及无机非金属材料技术领域,公开了一种泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法与应用。该泡沫陶瓷,以所述泡沫陶瓷的总重量为基准,所述泡沫陶瓷含有10‑40重量%的提钛尾渣、40‑80重量%的调硅剂、5‑10重量%的熔剂、4‑8重量%的氧化剂和1‑2重量%的发泡剂。本发明以提钛尾渣为主要原料,通过合理优化提钛尾渣与调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂的配比,采用适当的方法,制备出质轻、强度高且可以应用于建筑防火保温层材料、建筑装饰材料和工业防腐材料的泡沫陶瓷,实现了提钛尾渣资源的高效综合利用,拓展了提钛尾渣高附加值利用途径。

Description

一种泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及无机非金属材料技术领域,具体涉及一种泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
攀西地区每年产生含钛高炉渣700万吨以上,目前正在开展含钛高炉渣提钛工艺研究,届时有大量提钛尾渣产生,必须走资源化利用途径,才能实现整个高炉渣提钛工艺全流程绿色化、清洁化发展模式。
提钛尾渣为细粉状物质,硅酸钙玻璃态含量高达90%以上,同时含有约5%的二氧化钛和约5%的固定碳,适合作为泡沫陶瓷的原料使用。以提钛尾渣作为主要原料,通过石英粉调整二氧化硅含量到55%,配加熔剂、氧化剂、和发泡剂,在1150-1250℃温度范围内控制发泡,冷却后切割,可以得到不同规格的泡沫陶瓷,且泡沫陶瓷具有质轻、强度高的特点。
泡沫陶瓷属于新型绿色建筑材料,可以采用二氧化硅含量较高的冶金废渣资源作为主要原料,应用领域广,产品附加值高,是国家鼓励推广的新型绿色建筑材料之一。利用提钛尾渣硅钙含量高,玻璃态含量高,含有二氧化钛及游离碳等特点,通过合理优化配比,可以生产泡沫陶瓷材料,拓展提钛尾渣高附加值利用途径,有利于推动高炉渣提钛产业的绿色化发展。泡沫陶瓷产品可以推广应用于成渝地区和昆明地区,具有较好的市场应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的提钛尾渣未能实现资源化利用的问题,提供一种泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法与应用,该方法以提钛尾渣为主要原料,将提钛尾渣与其他组分进行合理的配比,制备一种质轻、强度高的泡沫陶瓷。
为了实现上述目的,本发明一方面提供了一种泡沫陶瓷,以所述泡沫陶瓷的总重量为基准,所述泡沫陶瓷含有10-40重量%的提钛尾渣、40-80重量%的调硅剂、5-10重量%的熔剂、4-8重量%的氧化剂和1-2重量%的发泡剂。
优选地,以所述提钛尾渣的重量为100重量计,所述提钛尾渣含有25-30重量份的氧化钙、20-25重量份的二氧化硅、5-10重量份的二氧化钛、10-20重量份的三氧化二铝、5-10重量份的氧化镁、7-8重量份的氯化钙和氯化镁以及5-7重量的固定碳。
优选地,所述调硅剂为石英砂或硅含量较高的冶金硅渣;所述熔剂为硅酸钠;所述氧化剂为铁红;所述发泡剂为碳化硅。
本发明第二方面提供了一种制备前文所述的泡沫陶瓷的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将提钛尾渣、调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂按照配比混合后,置于球磨机中球磨成混合细粉;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的混合细粉置于氧化铝匣钵中压实成型,然后置于高温炉中高温发泡,冷却后得到发泡坯料;
(3)对步骤(2)中的发泡坯料进行切割。
优选地,在步骤(1)中,所述球磨时间为2-4小时;所述混合细粉的粒度小于250目。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,所述高温炉的升温速率为10-20℃/min。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,所述高温发泡的温度为1150-1250℃;所述高温发泡的时间为50-70min。
优选地,在步骤(2)中,所述冷却速率为2-5℃/min。
本发明第三方面提供了一种由前文所述的方法制备的泡沫陶瓷。
本发明第四方面提供了一种前文所述的泡沫陶瓷在建筑防火保温层材料、建筑装饰材料和工业防腐材料中的应用。
本发明以提钛尾渣为主要原料,通过合理优化提钛尾渣与调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂的配比,采用适当的方法,制备出质轻、强度高且可以应用于建筑防火保温层材料、建筑装饰材料和工业防腐材料的泡沫陶瓷,实现了提钛尾渣资源的高效综合利用,拓展了提钛尾渣高附加值利用途径。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述的泡沫陶瓷制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
提钛尾渣是含钛高炉渣高温碳化-低温氯化提钛后的尾渣,提钛尾渣中玻璃态硅酸钙的含量高达到90%以上,同时含有约5%的二氧化钛和约5%的固定碳,非常适合用作生产泡沫陶瓷的原料。同时,将提钛尾渣作为生产泡沫陶瓷的原料循序使用,可以实现提钛尾渣资源的高效综合利用。基于此,完成了本发明。
本发明第一方面提供了一种泡沫陶瓷,以所述泡沫陶瓷的总重量为基准,所述泡沫陶瓷含有10-40重量%的提钛尾渣、40-80重量%的调硅剂、5-10重量%的熔剂、4-8重量%的氧化剂和1-2重量%的发泡剂。
本发明充分利用提钛尾渣中玻璃态硅酸钙含量高,且含有二氧化钛及游离碳等特点,然后合理优化提钛尾渣与调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂的配比,生产泡沫陶瓷材料,拓展提钛尾渣高附加值利用途径,有利于推动高炉渣提钛产业的绿色化发展。
在一种优选实施方式中,以所述泡沫陶瓷的总重量为基准,所述泡沫陶瓷含有20重量%的提钛尾渣、70重量%的调硅剂、5重量%的熔剂、4重量%的氧化剂和1重量%的发泡剂。
在本发明所述的方法中,以所述提钛尾渣的重量为100重量计,所述提钛尾渣含有25-30重量份的氧化钙、20-25重量份的二氧化硅、5-10重量份的二氧化钛、10-20重量份的三氧化二铝、5-10重量份的氧化镁、7-8重量份的氯化钙和氯化镁以及5-7重量的固定碳。在本文中,所述固定碳为碳化钛氯化后的游离碳。
在所述提钛尾渣中,氯化钙和氯化镁的含量满足氯化钙和氯化镁的总量7-8重量份,在一种优选地实施方式中,氯化钙的含量为4重量份,氯化镁的含量为4重量份。
所述提钛尾渣中含有的氧化钙、二氧化硅、二氧化钛和固定碳是生产泡沫陶瓷的有用成分。为了实现以提钛尾渣作为主要原料生产泡沫陶瓷的目的,需要加入调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂。
在本发明所述的方法中,所述调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂可以为本领域的常规选择。优选地,所述调硅剂为石英砂或硅含量较高的冶金硅渣;所述熔剂为硅酸钠;所述氧化剂为铁红;所述发泡剂为碳化硅。
本发明第二方面提供了一种制备前文所述的泡沫陶瓷的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将提钛尾渣、调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂按照配比混合后,置于球磨机中球磨成混合细粉;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的混合细粉置于氧化铝匣钵中压实成型,然后置于高温炉中高温发泡,冷却后得到发泡坯料;
(3)对步骤(2)中的发泡坯料进行切割。
在本发明所述的方法中,以提钛尾渣为主要原料,加入调硅剂将二氧化硅含量提高到55%以上,有利于进一步形成玻璃态硅酸钙和易于发泡;加入熔剂的作用在于降低物料的熔点和熔体粘度,易于发泡,熔剂还可作为常温粘结剂使用;加入氧化剂的作用是为提钛尾渣中的固定碳以及另加的发泡剂提供足够的氧,增强发泡动力学条件;加入发泡剂是为了通过高温化学反应产生气泡。提钛尾渣中含有的二氧化钛,一方面可以增强熔体粘度,有利于保持泡沫状态,另一方面可以使结晶体呈柱状,有利于提高材料的整体机械性能。
在本发明所述的方法中,将制备泡沫陶瓷的各种原料球磨成粉状后,有利于各组分更好的混合。在步骤(1)中,所述球磨时间为2-4小时;具体地,例如可以为2小时、2.5小时、3小时、3.5小时或4小时;优选地,在步骤(1)中,所述球磨时间为3小时。
在本发明所述的方法中,在步骤(1)中,所述混合细粉的粒度小于250目;优选地,所述混合细粉的粒度小于230目;更为优选地,所述混合细粉的粒度小于200目。
在本发明所述的方法中,制备泡沫陶瓷的各种原料在高温炉中进行发泡。在步骤(2)中,所述高温炉的升温速率为10-20℃/min,具体地,例如可以为10℃/min、12℃/min、14℃/min、16℃/min、18℃/min或20℃/min,优选地,所述高温炉的升温速率为15℃/min。
在本发明所述的方法中,在步骤(2)中,所述高温发泡的温度为1150-1250℃,具体地,例如可以为1150℃、1170℃、1190℃、1210℃、1230℃或1250℃,优选地,所述高温发泡的温度为1200℃。在步骤(2)中,所述高温发泡的时间为50-70min,具体地,例如可以为50min、55min、60min、65min或70min,优选地,所述高温发泡的时间为60min。
在本发明所述的方法中,在步骤(2)中,所述冷却速率为2-5℃/min;具体地,所述冷却速率可以为2℃/min、3℃/min、4℃/min或5℃/min;优选地,所述冷却速率为3℃/min。
本发明第三方面提供了一种由前文所述的方法制备的泡沫陶瓷。
根据本发明所述的提钛尾渣与调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂的配比及方法制备的泡沫陶瓷质轻、强度高,满足泡沫陶瓷产品的标准要求。
本发明第四方面提供了一种前文所述的泡沫陶瓷在建筑防火保温层材料、建筑装饰材料和工业防腐材料中的应用。
在本发明中,以提钛尾渣为主要原料,然后通过合理优化提钛尾渣与调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂的配比,采用适当的方法,制备出可以应用于建筑防火保温层材料、建筑装饰材料和工业防腐材料的泡沫陶瓷,实现了提钛尾渣资源的高效综合利用,拓展了提钛尾渣高附加值利用途径。
通过本发明制备的泡沫陶瓷与普通泡沫陶瓷相比,具有以下优点:
1)原料来源广泛、价廉易得,可以消耗冶金废渣资源;
2)充分利用了提钛尾渣的特点,生产成本低,产品品质满足标准要求;
3)能够实现提钛尾渣资源的高效综合利用,符合当前循环经济政策的要求。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1
(1)将提钛尾渣、石英砂、硅酸钠、铁红和碳化硅按照提钛尾渣40重量份、石英砂40重量份、硅酸钠10重量份、铁红8重量份和碳化硅2重量份的配比混合后,置于球磨机中球磨2小时,得到粒度小于250目的混合细粉,其中,所述提钛尾渣的主要化学成分及含量如表1所示;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的混合细粉置于氧化铝匣钵中压实成型,然后置于高温炉中,控制升温速率为10℃/min,在1250℃下高温发泡60min,控制冷却速率为5℃/min,冷却后得到发泡坯料;
(3)对步骤(2)中的发泡坯料进行切割。
表1
Figure BDA0002215337340000071
实施例2
(1)将提钛尾渣、石英砂、硅酸钠、铁红和碳化硅按照提钛尾渣10重量份、石英砂80重量份、硅酸钠5重量份、铁红4重量份和碳化硅1重量份的配比混合后,置于球磨机中球磨4小时,得到粒度小于230目的混合细粉,其中,所述提钛尾渣的化学成分及含量如表1所示;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的混合细粉置于氧化铝匣钵中压实成型,然后置于高温炉中,控制升温速率为20℃/min,在1150℃下高温发泡50min,控制冷却速率为2℃/min,冷却后得到发泡坯料;
(3)对步骤(2)中的发泡坯料进行切割。
实施例3
(1)将提钛尾渣、石英砂、硅酸钠、铁红和碳化硅按照提钛尾渣30重量份、石英砂55重量份、硅酸钠8重量份、铁红6重量份和碳化硅1重量份的配比混合后,置于球磨机中球磨3小时,得到粒度小于220目的混合细粉,其中,所述提钛尾渣的化学成分及含量如表1所示;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的混合细粉置于氧化铝匣钵中压实成型,然后置于高温炉中,控制升温速率为15℃/min,在1200℃下高温发泡70min,控制冷却速率为4℃/min,冷却后得到发泡坯料;
(3)对步骤(2)中的发泡坯料进行切割。
对比例1
按照实施例1的方法制备泡沫陶瓷,不同的是,在步骤(1)中,将提钛尾渣、石英砂、硅酸钠、铁红和碳化硅按照提钛尾渣50重量份、石英砂30重量份、硅酸钠3重量份、铁红10重量份和碳化硅7重量份的配比混合。
测试例
测试实施例1-3和对比例1中得到的发泡坯料的体积密度、导热系数和强度,测试结果如表2所示。
表2
实施例编号 体积密度/g/cm<sup>3</sup> 导热系数/W/(m·K) 强度/MPa
实施例1 250 0.06 2.8
实施例2 220 0.05 3.0
实施例3 300 0.08 2.1
对比例1 500 0.11 1.5
通过表2的结果可以看出,采用本发明所述的配比和方法制备的泡沫陶瓷质轻、强度高,耐火等级可以达到A1级。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种泡沫陶瓷,其特征在于,以所述泡沫陶瓷的总重量为基准,所述泡沫陶瓷含有10-40重量%的提钛尾渣、40-80重量%的调硅剂、5-10重量%的熔剂、4-8重量%的氧化剂和1-2重量%的发泡剂;
以所述提钛尾渣的重量为100重量份计,所述提钛尾渣含有25-30重量份的氧化钙、20-25重量份的二氧化硅、5-10重量份的二氧化钛、10-20重量份的三氧化二铝、5-10重量份的氧化镁、7-8重量份的氯化钙和氯化镁以及5-7重量的固定碳;
所述调硅剂为石英砂或硅含量较高的冶金硅渣;所述熔剂为硅酸钠;所述氧化剂为铁红;所述发泡剂为碳化硅。
2.一种制备权利要求1所述的泡沫陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将提钛尾渣、调硅剂、熔剂、氧化剂和发泡剂按照配比混合后,置于球磨机中球磨成混合细粉;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的混合细粉置于氧化铝匣钵中压实成型,然后置于高温炉中高温发泡,冷却后得到发泡坯料;
(3)对步骤(2)中的发泡坯料进行切割;
在步骤(2)中,所述高温炉的升温速率为10-20℃/min;
在步骤(2)中,所述高温发泡的温度为1150-1250℃;所述高温发泡的时间为50-70min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,所述球磨时间为2-4小时;所述混合细粉的粒度小于250目。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述冷却速率为2-5℃/min。
5.由权利要求2-4中任意一项所述的方法制备的泡沫陶瓷。
6.权利要求1或5所述的泡沫陶瓷在建筑防火保温层材料、建筑装饰材料和工业防腐材料中的应用。
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