CN110666467A - Machining process of automobile front axle inner half shaft - Google Patents
Machining process of automobile front axle inner half shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN110666467A CN110666467A CN201911169733.7A CN201911169733A CN110666467A CN 110666467 A CN110666467 A CN 110666467A CN 201911169733 A CN201911169733 A CN 201911169733A CN 110666467 A CN110666467 A CN 110666467A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/50—Other automobile vehicle parts, i.e. manufactured in assembly lines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing technology of an inner half shaft of an automobile front axle, which comprises the following procedures: blanking → pre-upsetting → shaping → tempering → roughly turning the big end, driving the big end center hole → roughly turning the small end, driving the small end center hole → roughly turning the outer circle of each section of the small end → roughly turning the outer circle of each section of the big end → finely turning the outer circle of each section of the big end → milling the oil groove of the big end face → drilling the small oil hole of the big end → milling the spline of the small end → milling the spline of the big end → medium frequency quenching → drilling the inner hole of the big end → roughly turning the inner hole of the big end → finely turning the inner hole of the big end → grinding the outer circle of the bearing oil seal → flaw detection → ultrasonic cleaning. The invention adopts the hot working technology to increase the pre-upsetting and forming technology, abandons the defects of the traditional processing technology, saves materials, solves the problem of breakage of the inner half shaft, provides powerful guarantee for reestablishing the positioning reference precision after the positioning reference of the center hole of the big end is damaged by setting up the positioning device when the inner hole of the big end is finish turned, and ensures the key technical requirement of coaxiality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and relates to a machining process of shaft parts, in particular to a machining process of shaft parts
Relates to a processing technology of an inner half shaft of a front axle of an automobile.
Background
The automobile front axle inner half axle has the functions of transmitting torque, sealing, meeting the motion precision of parts and the like as an important part in an automobile front axle assembly, so that the coaxiality requirement between a big-end spline, a small-end spline, a big-end bearing inner hole, a big-end bearing outer neck and a big-end oil seal outer neck is higher, the requirement on enough strength in the transmission torque process needs to be met, the breakage is avoided, and the traditional inner half axle production process has the following defects:
1. a hot processing technology is not adopted, pre-upsetting and forming are not needed, and a large-diameter bar stock is directly selected for processing, so that the material cost is high, and the waste is serious;
2. the inner half shaft produced by the traditional process is frequently broken and mainly appears between the journal of the outer bearing and the deep hole at the big end, and because the thickness ratio of the inner half shaft and the deep hole is thinner, the inner half shaft is easy to crack during quenching, thereby causing great hidden quality trouble for users,
3. the coaxiality between the large end spline of the inner half shaft, the small end bearing inner hole of the large end bearing, the large end outer bearing journal and the large end oil seal journal produced by the traditional process is difficult to meet the requirements, so that the problems of unstable transmission, abnormal sound, difficult dial of a shifting fork sleeve at the large end spline, difficult switching between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive and the like are caused,
therefore, it is very important to design a new set of processing technology for the front axle inner half shaft.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, adapt to the practical requirements and provide a processing technology of an inner half shaft of a front axle of an automobile.
A processing technology of an inner half shaft of an automobile front axle comprises the following steps: blanking → pre-upsetting → shaping → tempering → roughly turning the big end, driving the big end center hole → roughly turning the small end, driving the small end center hole → roughly turning the outer circle of each section of the small end → roughly turning the outer circle of each section of the big end → finely turning the outer circle of each section of the big end → milling the oil groove of the big end face → drilling the small oil hole of the big end → milling the spline of the small end → milling the spline of the big end → medium frequency quenching → drilling the inner hole of the big end → roughly turning the inner hole of the big end → finely turning the inner hole of the big end → grinding the outer circle of the bearing oil seal → flaw detection → ultrasonic cleaning.
Further, blanking is to saw the bar material according to a set length after the bar material is compressed by a hydraulic system of the sawing machine; the sawing length is calculated according to the size of a cavity of the subsequent pre-upsetting and forming die 2 and the diameter of the bar stock according to the volume invariance principle.
Further, pre-upsetting is to heat the big end of the bar stock after sawing, soften the metal structure and press the softened structure into the cavity of the pre-upsetting die 1 through an oil press, so as to obtain the section bar with the shape close to the shape of the workpiece.
Further, in the molding, the big end of the pre-upset section is heated again, so that the metal structure is softened, and the softened structure is pressed into the cavity of the molding die 2 through an oil press, so that a section blank with the shape close to that of the drawing and with a certain machining allowance is obtained.
Further, drilling a large-end small oil hole: on a bench drill, fixing a clamp 3 for drilling a small oil hole on a working table, putting a workpiece with a milled oil groove with a large end surface into the clamp 3 for drilling the small oil hole, positioning and clamping the workpiece, and drilling the large end small oil hole according to the requirements of a drawing; the clamp 3 for drilling the small oil hole comprises a drilling die holder 31, a drilling sleeve 32, a pressing plate 33, a pressing plate bolt 34 and a pressing plate nut 35, wherein the longitudinal section of the drilling die holder 31 is of a convex structure, a drilling sleeve hole is formed in the drilling die holder 31, the drilling sleeve 32 is arranged in the drilling sleeve hole, a three-stage stepped through hole which is from front to back and from large to small is formed in the drilling die holder 31, the three-stage stepped through hole sequentially comprises a first-stage stepped hole 310, a second-stage stepped hole 311 and a third-stage stepped through hole 312, the three-stage stepped through hole respectively corresponds to a shaft head, an outer bearing shaft neck and a shaft body of a large end of a workpiece, the pressing plate 33 is arranged on two sides of the drilling die holder 31, the pressing plate 33 is of an L-shaped structure, and an adjusting groove 36.
Further, two center points are adopted for milling the small-end spline and the large-end spline to abut against center holes at two ends of the workpiece, the heart belt drives the workpiece to rotate, the spline hob mills the splines at the large end and the small end of the workpiece respectively, and the spline ring gauge is used for detecting the machined splines.
Furthermore, the intermediate frequency quenching adopts a vertical quenching machine, the sectional heating quenching is controlled by a program, different conditions can be set according to different requirements of workpieces, and the quenched workpieces can completely meet the technical requirements of drawings.
Further, finish turning the big end by adopting a lathe, putting a workpiece into the main shaft positioning sleeve 4, clamping by three claws, turning an inner hole by using an inner hole lathe tool, adjusting the size, finish turning the inner hole in place according to the requirement of a drawing and turning out a next positioning reference chamfer, and ensuring that the coaxiality of the inner hole of the bearing and the splines of the big end and the small end is within 0.1 mm; the spindle positioning sleeve 4 comprises a small end spline excircle positioning sleeve 401, a positioning sleeve body 402, a positioning block 403 and a rod part positioning sleeve 404, wherein the positioning block 403 is tightly matched with a spindle hole of a machine tool and fixed by spot welding to ensure that the positioning sleeve 4 is synchronous with the spindle of the machine tool in precision.
Further, the outer circle of the grinding bearing oil seal is processed by a numerical control grinding machine, the inner hole of the bearing at the big end of the workpiece and a chamfer at the big end are positioned on a main positioning centre 5, the tailstock centre props against the central hole at the small end, a spline chicken heart clamps and sleeves a spline at the big end and enables a deflector rod to lean against a main shaft shifting fork, so that the main shaft can drive the workpiece to rotate, the size is adjusted, an outer bearing journal and an oil seal journal are ground out according to the drawing requirement, the coaxiality of the bearing journal at the rod part and the oil seal journal to the inner hole of the bearing at the big end is ensured to be less; the positioning center 5 comprises a conical surface 501 in taper fit with the movable center, an inclined surface 502 for positioning with the inner half shaft large end chamfer and a shaft neck 503 in auxiliary fit with the inner half shaft large end inner bearing hole 102, when in use, the positioning center 5 is matched with the movable center, the conical surface 501 is fixed in the conical hole at the front end of the movable center, and the Morse taper at the rear end of the movable center is fixed in the main shaft hole of the machine tool, so that the synchronization of the positioning center 5 and the machine tool precision is ensured.
Further, a flaw detector is adopted for flaw detection, the inner half shaft is placed on a machine tool bracket, a machine tool is started, two electrodes of the machine tool automatically clamp the inner half shaft, the machine tool magnetizes a workpiece and sprays magnetic suspension on the surface of the workpiece, and whether cracks exist on the surface of the inner half shaft is visually observed under the irradiation of a UV lamp; therefore, the workpieces with hidden danger of breakage are checked and demagnetized after the workpieces are inspected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the hot working technology is adopted to increase the pre-upsetting and forming process, the defects of the traditional processing process are abandoned, great breakthroughs are made in the aspects of material saving, product quality improvement, capacity improvement and the like, and the design and use requirements are completely met.
2. The whole process is designed around the coaxiality guarantee of the large-end spline, the small-end spline, the large-end bearing inner hole, the large-end bearing outer neck and the large-end oil seal outer neck and the quality of medium-frequency quenching, particularly, the large-end inner hole is processed after quenching, the process is rich in originality, and the problem of long-term puzzled inner half shaft fracture is solved.
3. The coaxiality between the large end spline and the small end spline of the inner half shaft, the large end bearing inner hole, the large end outer bearing journal and the large end oil seal journal produced by the traditional process is difficult to meet the requirement, and the coaxiality is difficult to meet the requirement because the inner half shaft has a certain length and inevitably jumps greatly when being clamped without a special clamp, so that the inner bearing inner hole and the large end spline are inevitably not coaxial, and the transmission precision is influenced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a front axle inner axle shaft product;
FIG. 2 is a route diagram of a front axle inner half shaft machining process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pre-heading die according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a forming mold according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the clamping of the large end turning and large end center hole drilling in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the clamping of the small end turning and small end center hole punching in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the clamping of the rough-turned small end in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the rough turned large end clamp of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the clamping of the finish turned small end in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the clamping of the finish turned big end in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the clamping of the finish milling of the large end face oil groove in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a clamp for drilling a large-end and a small-end oil hole according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a side view of the clamp for drilling a large oil hole and a small oil hole in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a clamping view of the milling of the small end spline in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a clamping view of the milling of a large end spline in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the clamping of the finish turning of the large end inner bore in the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the clamping of the outer circle of the oil seal of the grinding bearing in the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a positioning device for finish turning of a large end bore in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a positioning device for grinding the outer circle of a bearing oil seal in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the pre-upsetting die comprises a pre-upsetting die 1, a forming die 2, a small oil hole drilling clamp 3, a main shaft positioning sleeve 4, a positioning tip 5, a drilling die seat 31, a drilling sleeve 32, a pressing plate 33, a pressing plate bolt 34, a pressing plate nut 35, a pressing plate groove 36, a large end surface oil groove 100, a large end spline 101, an inner bearing hole 102, an outer bearing journal 103, an outer oil seal journal 104, a large end deep inner hole 105, an easy-cracking part 106, a small end spline 107, a first-stage stepped hole 310, a second-stage stepped hole 311, a third-stage stepped through hole 312, a small end spline excircle positioning sleeve 401, a positioning sleeve body 402, a positioning block 403, a rod positioning sleeve 404, a matching conical surface 501, a positioning inclined surface 502 and an auxiliary positioning.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1: referring to fig. 2, the processing technology of the automobile front axle inner half shaft comprises the following steps: blanking → pre-upsetting → shaping → tempering → turning the big end, driving the big end center hole → turning the small end, driving the small end center hole → roughly turning the outer circle of each section of the small end → roughly turning the outer circle of each section of the big end → finely turning the outer circle of each section of the big end → milling the oil groove of the big end face → drilling the small oil hole of the big end → milling the spline of the small end → milling the spline of the big end → medium frequency quenching → drilling the inner hole of the big end → roughly turning the inner hole of the big end → finely turning the inner hole of the big end → grinding the outer circle of the bearing oil seal → flaw detection → ultrasonic cleaning.
In this embodiment:
sawing: selecting a material and a process diameter bar material which are written on a drawing, tightly pressing the bar material through a hydraulic system of a sawing machine, sawing the bar material according to a set length, accurately calculating the sawing length, and calculating the required length according to the volume invariance principle according to the subsequent pre-upsetting, the size of a cavity of the forming die 2 and the diameter of the bar material.
Pre-upsetting: as shown in fig. 3, a pre-upsetting mold 1 is installed, a heating furnace is used for heating the large end of a bar to a certain temperature, a metal structure is softened, then the softened structure is pressed into a cavity of the pre-upsetting mold 1 through an oil press, a pre-upsetting machine is started, the pre-upsetting machine applies pressure to extrude the heated bar into a section bar (the shape of the workpiece is that one end is large and the other end is small) which is close to the shape of the workpiece, the pre-upsetting mold 1 is made of a heat-resistant material, the pre-upsetting mold 1 is divided into an upper mold and a lower mold, the lower mold is generally made into two split parts which can be combined and separated, and the taking is convenient.
Molding: as shown in fig. 4, the forming die 2 is installed, the pre-upset end is heated again to soften the metal structure, and the softened structure is pressed into the cavity of the forming die 2 by an oil press, so as to obtain a profile blank with a large end shape close to the drawing and with a certain machining allowance. The pre-upsetting and the forming aim are to obtain a section blank with a big end shape close to the drawing and with a certain cutting allowance, but the blank cannot be in place at one time, and the diameter of the big end of the formed blank is larger than that of the original bar. Compared with the traditional method of directly selecting a large-diameter bar stock and then carrying out metal cutting, the method saves materials and reduces the manufacturing cost.
Tempering: the blank of the pre-upset section is quenched and then tempered, so that the product has certain hardness and toughness, and the hardness after quenching and tempering is HB262-302, so that the subsequent metal cutting can obtain better comprehensive processing performance.
Roughly turning a large end and drilling a center hole of the large end: as shown in fig. 5, clamping the rod part near the large end on a lathe, turning the end surface of the large end and the external round rough surface of the large end, and punching a B5-shaped central hole on the large end surface;
roughly turning a small end, and punching a small end center hole: as shown in fig. 6, clamping the rod part near the small end on a lathe, lathing the end surface of the small end to ensure the requirement of the total length, and punching a B5 type central hole on the small end surface;
roughly turning each section of excircle of the small end: as shown in fig. 7, the excircle of the big end is clamped on a lathe, the tailstock center props against the central hole of the small end, and each section of excircle of the small end is lathed out by reserving 1.5-2mm of allowance according to the size of the drawing;
roughly turning each section of excircle of the large end: as shown in fig. 8, clamping the outer circle of the small end part on a lathe, enabling the tailstock center to prop against the central hole of the large end, and roughly turning each section of the outer circle of the large end by reserving 1.5-2mm of allowance according to the drawing;
finely turning each section of excircle of the small end: as shown in fig. 9, on a lathe, a taper center is clamped by three claws to prop against a large-end center hole, a tailstock center props against a small-end center hole, a heart clamp clamps the outer circle of the large end and makes a deflector rod on the heart clamp tightly lean against the three claws, so that the three claws can drive a workpiece to rotate, and then all sections of the outer circle of the small end are turned out according to the drawing requirement, wherein grinding allowances of 0.5-0.8mm are reserved on an outer bearing journal and an outer oil seal journal respectively;
finely turning each section of excircle of the large end: as shown in fig. 10, on the lathe, a taper center is clamped by three claws to prop against the center hole of the small end, a tailstock center props against the center hole of the large end, the outer circle of the small end is clamped by a heart clamp, and a driving rod on the heart clamp is tightly leaned against the three claws, so that the three claws can drive the workpiece to rotate, and then the outer circle of each section of the large end is turned out according to the requirement of the drawing.
Milling an end face oil groove: as shown in fig. 11, a vertical milling machine is adopted, a horizontal three-jaw clamping device is fixed on a working table, a workpiece is placed in the middle of the three jaws to be clamped, a milling machine cutter is adjusted, and oil grooves on two end faces are milled according to a graph.
Drilling a large-end small oil hole: as shown in fig. 12 and 13, on the bench drill, the clamp 3 for drilling the small oil hole is fixed on the working table, the workpiece is placed into the clamp for positioning and clamping, and the small oil hole with the large end is drilled according to the requirements of the drawing; the small oil hole drilling clamp 3 is designed and manufactured, the small oil hole drilling clamp 3 comprises a drilling die holder 31, a drilling sleeve 32, a pressing plate 33, a pressing plate bolt 34 and a pressing plate nut 35, the longitudinal section of the drilling die holder 31 is of a convex structure, the drilling die holder 31 is provided with the drilling sleeve hole, the drilling sleeve 32 is arranged in the drilling sleeve hole, the drilling die holder 31 is provided with three-stage stepped through holes from front to back and from large to small, the three-stage stepped through holes sequentially comprise a first-stage stepped hole 310, a second-stage stepped hole 311 and a third-stage stepped through hole 312, the three-stage stepped through holes respectively correspond to a shaft head, an outer bearing journal and a shaft body of a large end of a workpiece, the pressing plate 33 is arranged on two sides of the drilling die holder 31, the pressing plate 33 is of an L-shaped structure, and an adjusting groove 36 for the.
Milling a small-end spline: as shown in fig. 14, on the spline milling machine, the left and right centers of the milling machine respectively push against the center holes of the small end and the large end of the workpiece, the heart clamp clamps the corresponding rod part of the large end, and the heart clamp is fastened with the dial block, so that the motor can drive the workpiece to rotate, start the machine tool, adjust the position distance of the cutter, and mill the spline of the small end according to the drawing requirements;
milling a large-end spline: as shown in fig. 15, on the spline milling machine, the left and right centers of the milling machine respectively push against the center holes of the large and small ends of the workpiece, the heart clamp clamps the corresponding rod part of the small end, and the heart clamp is fastened with the dial block, so that the motor can drive the workpiece to rotate, start the machine tool, adjust the position distance of the cutter, and mill the spline of the large end according to the drawing requirements.
Intermediate frequency quenching: the method comprises the steps of adopting a vertical quenching machine, carrying out program control sectional heating quenching, setting different conditions according to different requirements of a workpiece, enabling the quenched workpiece to completely meet the technical requirements of a drawing, enabling the large end of the workpiece to face downwards and the small end of the workpiece to face upwards during operation, positioning a center hole on two tops of equipment, starting the machine, heating the inner half shaft and rapidly cooling the inner half shaft by an equipment inductor, and quenching according to the requirements of the drawing; it is worth mentioning that the traditional process is to drill the inner hole of the big end and then quench the inner hole, so that the thickness of the meat between the tool withdrawal groove at the root part of the outer bearing journal and the deep hole of the big end is thinner, and the outer bearing journal is easy to crack during quenching; the invention avoids the cracking phenomenon by quenching before the large-end inner hole is drilled, and ensures the product quality.
Drilling a large-end inner hole and roughly turning the large-end inner hole: the large-end inner hole is roughly machined by firstly drilling a hole through a vertical drill and then roughly boring the inner hole through a common lathe; do like this for satisfying the processing requirement that reaches the step hole, also be the demand that adapts to mass production simultaneously, avoid engine lathe to drill hole again and bore a hole, make the bottleneck decentralization, specifically do: drilling an inner hole at the large end: on a vertical drilling machine, a workpiece is placed into a three-jaw chuck to be clamped, and an inner hole at the large end is drilled according to a drawing; roughly turning an inner hole of the large end: on a lathe, a workpiece is placed into a three-jaw chuck to be clamped, an inner hole cutter is used for adjusting the size, and a step inner hole is lathed out according to the technological size.
Finely turning an inner hole of the large end: as shown in fig. 16, on a lathe, a workpiece is placed in a main shaft positioning sleeve 4, three claws are used for clamping, an inner hole lathe tool is used for adjusting the size, the inner hole is finely turned in place according to the drawing and a next positioning reference chamfer is turned out, and the coaxiality of the inner hole of the bearing and the large and small end splines is guaranteed to be within 0.1 mm; the spindle positioning sleeve 4 comprises a small-end spline excircle positioning sleeve 401, a positioning sleeve body 402, a positioning block 403 and a rod positioning sleeve 404, the small-end spline excircle positioning sleeve 401, the positioning block 403 and the rod positioning sleeve 404 are respectively connected with the positioning sleeve body 402 in an interference fit manner, the positioning block 403 is tightly matched with a spindle hole of a machine tool and fixed with the spindle hole in a spot welding manner, so that the positioning sleeve 4 and the spindle of the machine tool are ensured to be synchronous in precision; the requirement for finish turning of the inner hole of the large end is high, and because the center hole of the former large end positioning reference is drilled, the size precision of the inner hole of the bearing is guaranteed, the coaxiality of the inner hole of the bearing and the machined spline at two ends is not more than 0.1mm, and a new reference is required to be established in consideration of subsequent machining. The method that the spindle positioning sleeve 4 is additionally arranged in the spindle hole of the machine tool is adopted, so that the excircle of the small-end spline can be positioned when a workpiece is clamped, and the machined bearing can be well coaxial with the spline; meanwhile, under the condition of not dismounting the workpiece, a 60-degree chamfer is turned at the inlet of the inner hole and used for subsequently grinding the rod bearing journal and the oil seal journal to play a role in positioning.
Grinding the excircle of the bearing oil seal: as shown in fig. 17, on the digital controlled grinder, the inner hole of the bearing at the big end and the chamfer at the big end of the workpiece are positioned on a positioning centre 5, the tailstock centre props against the central hole at the small end, the spline heart is sleeved on the spline at the big end, and a deflector rod is tightly leaned against a shifting fork of a main shaft, so that the main shaft can drive the workpiece to rotate, the size is adjusted, and the outer bearing journal and the oil seal journal are ground out according to the drawing; the big end is positioned by the bearing inner hole and the chamfer, the small end is positioned by the central hole, grinding is carried out, the coaxiality of the rod part bearing journal and the oil seal journal to the big end bearing inner hole is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.05mm, and meanwhile, the roughness meets the requirements of a drawing. The structure of the positioning center 5 is shown in fig. 18, and the positioning center 5 comprises a conical surface 501 in taper fit with the movable center, an inclined surface 502 in chamfer positioning with the large end of the inner half shaft, and a shaft neck 503 in auxiliary fit with the inner bearing hole 102 in the large end of the inner half shaft, when in use, the positioning center 5 is matched with the movable center, the conical surface 501 is fixed in the conical hole at the front end of the movable center, and the morse taper at the rear end of the movable center is fixed in the main shaft hole of the machine tool, so that the positioning center 5 and the main shaft of the machine tool.
Flaw detection: on a flaw detector, the inner half shaft is placed on a machine tool bracket, a machine tool is started, two electrodes of the machine tool automatically clamp the inner half shaft, the machine tool magnetizes a workpiece and sprays magnetic suspension on the surface of the workpiece, and under the irradiation of a UV lamp, whether cracks exist on the surface of the inner half shaft is visually observed, so that the workpiece with the hidden danger of breakage is inspected, and then demagnetization is carried out.
Ultrasonic cleaning, namely putting the workpiece into a cleaning basket, putting the workpiece into a cleaning pool, starting a machine, and shaking off and separating foreign matters such as dirt, impurities and the like adhered to the surface of the workpiece in the cleaning pool by ultrasonic waves to reach the cleanliness standard of the inner half shaft of less than or equal to 10 mg.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention, as well as the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The machining process of the automobile front axle inner half shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps of: blanking → pre-upsetting → shaping → tempering → turning the big end, driving the big end center hole → turning the small end, driving the small end center hole → roughly turning the outer circle of each section of the small end → roughly turning the outer circle of each section of the big end → finely turning the outer circle of each section of the big end → milling the oil groove of the big end face → drilling the small oil hole of the big end → milling the spline of the small end → milling the spline of the big end → medium frequency quenching → drilling the inner hole of the big end → roughly turning the inner hole of the big end → finely turning the inner hole of the big end → grinding the outer circle of the bearing oil seal → flaw detection → ultrasonic cleaning.
2. The processing technology of the automobile front axle inner half shaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein blanking is to saw the bar material according to a set length after the bar material is compressed by a hydraulic system of a sawing machine; the sawing length is calculated according to the size of a cavity of the subsequent pre-upsetting and forming die (2) and the diameter of the bar stock according to the volume invariance principle.
3. The processing technology of the automobile front axle inner half shaft is characterized in that the pre-upsetting is to heat the big end of the bar stock after sawing, soften the metal structure and press the softened structure into the cavity of the pre-upsetting die (1) through an oil press so as to obtain the section bar with the shape close to the workpiece.
4. The processing technology of the automobile front axle inner half shaft according to the claim 1, characterized in that the forming is to heat the big end of the completed pre-upset section bar, soften the metal structure, press the softened structure into the cavity of the forming die (2) by an oil press, thereby obtaining the section bar blank with the big end shape close to the drawing and with a certain processing allowance.
5. The machining process of the automobile front axle inner half shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that a large-end small oil hole is drilled: on a bench drill, fixing a clamp (3) for drilling a small oil hole on a working table, placing a workpiece with a milled oil groove with a large end surface into the clamp (3) for drilling the small oil hole for positioning and clamping, and drilling the small oil hole with the large end according to the requirements of a drawing; wherein, bore little oilhole anchor clamps (3) including jig seat (31), drill bushing (32), clamp plate (33), clamp plate bolt (34) and clamp plate nut (35), the longitudinal section of jig seat (31) is "protruding" font structure, be equipped with the drill bushing hole on jig seat (31), be equipped with drill bushing (32) in the drill bushing hole, be equipped with on jig seat (31) by the front to the back, by big to little tertiary ladder through-hole, tertiary ladder through-hole does in proper order, first order ladder hole (310), second level ladder hole (311) and third level ladder through-hole (312), tertiary ladder through-hole corresponds the spindle nose of work piece main aspects respectively, outer bearing axle journal and shaft body, the both sides of jig seat (31) are equipped with clamp plate (33), clamp plate (33) are "L" shape structure, be equipped with on the pressure equipment face of clamp plate (33) and supply regulating groove (36) that clamp plate bolt (34) passed.
6. The processing technology of the automobile front axle inner half axle according to claim 1, characterized in that two center points for milling the small end spline and milling the large end spline are adopted to support the center holes at two ends of a workpiece, the heart belt drives the workpiece to rotate, the spline hob mills the splines at the large end and the small end of the workpiece respectively, and the spline ring gauge is used for detecting the processed splines.
7. The processing technology of the automobile front axle inner half shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate frequency quenching adopts a vertical quenching machine, the sectional heating quenching is controlled by a program, different conditions can be set according to different requirements of workpieces, and the quenched workpieces can completely meet the technical requirements of drawings.
8. The machining process of the automobile front axle inner half shaft according to claim 1 is characterized in that a finish turning large end is machined by a lathe, a workpiece is placed in a main shaft positioning sleeve (4), three claws are used for clamping, an inner bore turning tool is used for adjusting the size, an inner bore is finish turned in place according to drawing requirements and a positioning reference chamfer used in the next process is turned out, and the coaxiality of the bearing inner bore and the splines of the large end and the small end is guaranteed to be within 0.1 mm; the main shaft positioning sleeve (4) comprises a small-end spline excircle positioning sleeve (401), a positioning sleeve body (402), a positioning block (403) and a rod positioning sleeve (404), wherein the positioning block (403) is tightly matched with a machine tool main shaft hole and is fixed with the machine tool main shaft hole in a spot welding manner, so that the positioning sleeve (4) and the machine tool main shaft are ensured to be synchronous in precision.
9. The machining process of the automobile front axle inner half axle according to claim 1 is characterized in that an outer circle of a grinding bearing oil seal is machined by a numerical control grinding machine, a bearing inner hole at the big end and a big end chamfer of a workpiece are positioned on a main positioning tip (5), a tailstock tip props against a center hole at the small end, a spline chicken heart clamps a spline at the big end and enables a deflector rod to lean against a main shaft shifting fork, so that the main shaft can drive the workpiece to rotate, the size is adjusted, an outer bearing journal and an oil seal journal are ground according to drawing requirements, the coaxiality of the bearing journal and the oil seal journal to the bearing inner hole at the big end is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.05mm, and meanwhile, the roughness meets; the positioning center (5) comprises a conical surface (501) in taper fit with the movable center, an inclined surface (502) in chamfer positioning with the large end of the inner half shaft and a shaft neck (503) in auxiliary fit with the inner bearing hole (102) in the large end of the inner half shaft, the positioning center (5) is matched with the movable center during use, the conical surface (501) is fixed in the conical hole at the front end of the movable center, and the Morse taper at the rear end of the movable center is fixed in the main shaft hole of the machine tool, so that the positioning center (5) and the machine tool are synchronous in precision.
10. The process for machining the inner half shaft of the front axle of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein a flaw detector is used for flaw detection, the inner half shaft is placed on a bracket of a machine tool, the machine tool is started, two electrodes of the machine tool automatically clamp the inner half shaft, the machine tool magnetizes a workpiece and sprays magnetic suspension on the surface of the workpiece, and whether cracks exist on the surface of the inner half shaft is visually observed under the irradiation of a UV lamp; therefore, the workpieces with hidden danger of breakage are checked and demagnetized after the workpieces are inspected.
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| CN112338443A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-09 | 杭州同创顶立机械有限公司 | Processing technology of spline shaft |
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| CN115070436A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-20 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Machining method suitable for motor rotor shaft |
| CN115156862A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-11 | 宁夏西北骏马电机制造股份有限公司 | Process for improving coaxiality of hollow shaft of motor |
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| CN115070436B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-10-03 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Machining method suitable for motor rotor shaft |
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