CN112338443A - Processing technology of spline shaft - Google Patents
Processing technology of spline shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN112338443A CN112338443A CN202011106889.3A CN202011106889A CN112338443A CN 112338443 A CN112338443 A CN 112338443A CN 202011106889 A CN202011106889 A CN 202011106889A CN 112338443 A CN112338443 A CN 112338443A
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- turning
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- spline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
Abstract
A processing technology of a spline shaft comprises the steps of cutting off a bar stock through a sawing machine to obtain the bar stock with a preset length; carrying out isothermal normalizing heat treatment on the bar stock; clamping the large end of the workpiece, and turning and drilling a central hole on the end face of the small end; clamping the large end, propping against the center hole of the small end, and roughly turning the outer circle of the bar; carrying out quenching and tempering on the roughly machined workpiece, straightening the workpiece by a straightening machine, and carrying out stress relief annealing treatment; turning the end faces of two ends to obtain the total length; finely turning the excircle, the step surface and the shaft neck at the small end side; processing a small-end external spline; finely turning the inner hole of the large end to a preset size; processing a large-end internal spline and a large-end external spline; detecting whether the jumping amount and the sizes of the external spline and the internal spline reach the standard or not; performing gas nitriding treatment on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the nitriding depth is 0.2-0.4 mm; and finally detecting the finished product and packaging. The spline shaft processing technology has the advantages of high structural strength of the workpiece, high toughness of the internal strength of the workpiece and high hardness of the external surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transmission shaft processing, in particular to a processing technology of a spline shaft.
Background
The spline shaft is a part for mechanical transmission, and the function of the spline shaft is not only like a flat key, a semicircular key and an inclined key to transmit mechanical torque, but also can realize axial sliding while rotating. The number of the circumferential key grooves of the spline shaft is more than that of flat keys and other structures, so that the force transmission effect is better, larger torque can be borne, and the transmission synchronism is better.
In a traditional processing mode, the transmission shaft and the spline housing are often processed in a split mode and finally combined together to form the transmission shaft, although the mode is high in production speed, the overall strength is weakened, two sets of processing equipment are required to be used in split production, and the equipment cost and the labor cost of production are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a processing technology of a spline shaft, which adopts integrated processing, has high structural strength of a workpiece, and increases the toughness of the internal strength of the workpiece, reduces the internal stress and improves the hardness of the external surface through normalizing, tempering, nitriding and other heat treatments.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a processing technology of a spline shaft comprises the following steps:
1) blanking: cutting off the bar stock by a sawing machine to obtain a bar stock with a preset length, wherein two ends of the bar stock are respectively defined as a large end and a small end;
2) normalizing heat treatment: carrying out isothermal normalizing heat treatment on the bar stock;
3) turning and drilling a central hole: clamping the large end of the workpiece, and turning and drilling a central hole on the end face of the small end;
4) rough turning: clamping the large end, propping against the center hole of the small end, roughly turning the outer circle of the bar to a preset size, roughly turning the single side of the outer circle to a preset size, wherein the reserved size of the single side of the outer circle is 1-2mm, taking down the workpiece, turning the clamping direction, roughly turning the outer circle and the end face of the large end to a preset size, and roughly turning the single side of the outer circle to a preset size, wherein the reserved size of the single side of the outer circle is;
5) tempering, straightening and destressing: carrying out quenching and tempering on the roughly machined workpiece, straightening the workpiece by a straightening machine, and carrying out stress relief annealing treatment;
6) the total length of the vehicle is as follows: turning end faces at two ends, controlling the total length of the workpiece to reach a preset size, and keeping the deviation of the reserved size of the total length to be 0.3-1.3 mm;
7) finely turning a small end: clamping the large end, and finely turning the excircle, the step surface and the shaft neck at the small end side;
8) processing a small-end external spline: selecting a milling cutter according to a preset size, and milling the small-end external spline;
9) finely turning the big end: replacing the clamping position, turning the extending direction, and finely turning the inner hole of the large end to a preset size;
10) processing a large-end internal spline: processing a large-end internal spline by a gear shaping machine;
11) processing a large-end external spline: selecting a milling cutter according to a preset size, and milling the large-end external spline;
12) and (4) checking: detecting the jumping amount of each position by taking the middle cylindrical surface as a reference, and detecting whether the sizes of the external spline and the internal spline reach the standard by using corresponding measuring rods respectively;
13) nitriding: performing gas nitriding treatment on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the nitriding depth is 0.2-0.4 mm;
14) final inspection: and finally detecting the finished product and packaging.
Further, a straightening process is carried out after the step 5), 3 points are taken along the length direction of the workpiece straightened by the straightening machine, and the jump needs to be less than 0.3 mm. According to the optimization scheme, the appearance size of the workpiece subjected to quenching and tempering can be bent or expanded to a certain degree, and the workpiece subjected to bending deformation can be corrected in the straightening process, so that the reject ratio is reduced.
And further, carrying out low-temperature tempering on the workpiece after the straightening treatment. According to the optimization scheme, the low-temperature tempering is beneficial to eliminating the residual stress of the workpiece, reducing the brittleness of the workpiece and improving the hardness and toughness of the workpiece.
Further, the step 11) is followed by an overall deburring process. According to the optimization scheme, the burr removal can improve the overall surface quality of the workpiece, facilitate subsequent detection, and prevent unqualified inspection caused by the burr or damage to a detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable progress: the integral processing is adopted, the structural strength of the workpiece is high, and the toughness of the internal strength of the workpiece is improved, the internal stress is reduced and the external surface hardness is improved through normalizing, quenching and tempering, nitriding and other heat treatments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the spline shaft processing technology;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a temperature change in heat treatment;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the spline shaft.
Description of reference numerals: 1-big end, 11-big end internal spline, 12-big end external spline; 2-small end, 21-small end external spline.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments (examples), which are described herein for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be a basis for limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a spline shaft processing process includes the following steps:
1) blanking: cutting off the bar stock by a sawing machine to obtain a bar stock with a preset length, wherein two ends of the bar stock are respectively defined as a large end 1 and a small end 2;
2) normalizing heat treatment: carrying out isothermal normalizing heat treatment on the bar stock;
3) turning and drilling a central hole: clamping a large end 1 of a workpiece, and turning and drilling a central hole on the end face of a small end 2;
4) rough turning: clamping the large end 1, propping against the central hole of the small end 2, roughly turning the outer circle of the bar to a preset size, wherein the single side of the outer circle is reserved for 1-2mm, taking down the workpiece, turning the clamping direction, roughly turning the outer circle and the end face of the large end 1 to a preset size, and the single side of the outer circle is reserved for 1-2 mm;
5) tempering, straightening and destressing: carrying out quenching and tempering on the roughly machined workpiece, then straightening the workpiece by a straightening machine, and carrying out stress relief annealing treatment, wherein the heat treatment temperature change curve is shown in FIG. 2;
6) the total length of the vehicle is as follows: turning end faces at two ends, controlling the total length of the workpiece to reach a preset size, and keeping the deviation of the reserved size of the total length to be 0.3-1.3 mm;
7) finish turning of the small end 2: clamping the large end 1, and finely turning the excircle, the step surface and the shaft neck at the small end 2 side;
8) machining the small-end external spline 21: selecting a milling cutter according to a preset size, and milling the small-end external spline 21;
9) finish turning of the large end 1: replacing the clamping position, turning the extending direction, and finely turning the inner hole of the large end 1 to a preset size;
10) machining the large-end internal spline 11: machining a large-end internal spline 11 through a gear shaping machine;
11) machining the large-end external spline 12: selecting a milling cutter according to a preset size, and milling the large-end external spline 12;
12) and (4) checking: detecting the jumping amount of each position by taking the middle cylindrical surface as a reference, and detecting whether the sizes of the external spline and the internal spline reach the standard by using corresponding measuring rods respectively;
13) nitriding: carrying out gas nitriding treatment on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the nitriding depth is 0.3 mm;
14) final inspection: and finally detecting the finished product and packaging.
As a specific example: and (3) straightening is needed after the step 5), 3 points are taken along the length direction of the workpiece straightened by the straightening machine, and the jump is needed to be within 0.3 mm.
As a specific example: and tempering the straightened workpiece at low temperature.
As a specific example: and step 11) is followed by an integral deburring treatment.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that in the embodiments described above, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, the technical solutions claimed in the claims of the present application can be basically implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, in actual practice, various changes in form and detail may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A processing technology of a spline shaft is characterized in that: the process comprises the following steps:
1) blanking: cutting off the bar stock by a sawing machine to obtain a bar stock with a preset length, wherein two ends of the bar stock are respectively defined as a large end and a small end;
2) normalizing heat treatment: carrying out isothermal normalizing heat treatment on the bar stock;
3) turning and drilling a central hole: clamping the large end of the workpiece, and turning and drilling a central hole on the end face of the small end;
4) rough turning: clamping the large end, propping against the center hole of the small end, roughly turning the outer circle of the bar to a preset size, roughly turning the single side of the outer circle to a preset size, wherein the reserved size of the single side of the outer circle is 1-2mm, taking down the workpiece, turning the clamping direction, roughly turning the outer circle and the end face of the large end to a preset size, and roughly turning the single side of the outer circle to a preset size, wherein the reserved size of the single side of the outer circle is;
5) tempering, straightening and destressing: carrying out quenching and tempering on the roughly machined workpiece, straightening the workpiece by a straightening machine, and carrying out stress relief annealing treatment;
6) the total length of the vehicle is as follows: turning end faces at two ends, controlling the total length of the workpiece to reach a preset size, and keeping the deviation of the reserved size of the total length to be 0.3-1.3 mm;
7) finely turning a small end: clamping the large end, and finely turning the excircle, the step surface and the shaft neck at the small end side;
8) processing a small-end external spline: selecting a milling cutter according to a preset size, and milling the small-end external spline;
9) finely turning the big end: replacing the clamping position, turning the extending direction, and finely turning the inner hole of the large end to a preset size;
10) processing a large-end internal spline: processing a large-end internal spline by a gear shaping machine;
11) processing a large-end external spline: selecting a milling cutter according to a preset size, and milling the large-end external spline;
12) and (4) checking: detecting the jumping amount of each position by taking the middle cylindrical surface as a reference, and detecting whether the sizes of the external spline and the internal spline reach the standard by using corresponding measuring rods respectively;
13) nitriding: performing gas nitriding treatment on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the nitriding depth is 0.2-0.4 mm;
14) final inspection: and finally detecting the finished product and packaging.
2. The machining process of a spline shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 5) carrying out a straightening process, wherein 3 points are taken along the length direction of the workpiece straightened by the straightening machine, and the jump needs to be less than 0.3 mm.
3. The machining process of the heavy-duty spline half shaft according to claim 2, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: and tempering the straightened workpiece at low temperature.
4. The machining process of the heavy-duty spline half shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the machining process comprises the following steps: and (4) performing integral deburring treatment after the step 11).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011106889.3A CN112338443A (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Processing technology of spline shaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011106889.3A CN112338443A (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Processing technology of spline shaft |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112338443A true CN112338443A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202011106889.3A Pending CN112338443A (en) | 2020-10-16 | 2020-10-16 | Processing technology of spline shaft |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114850802A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-05 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Machining process for spline connection disc of output end face teeth of intermediate transmission shaft |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102501017A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2012-06-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司航空动力控制系统研究所 | Method for processing internal spline of blind hole on end face of cylindrical shaft |
| CN104959629A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-07 | 安庆市吉安汽车零件锻轧有限公司 | Improvement method of shaft part machining technology |
| CN106246705A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-21 | 广州市锐美汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of electric motor of automobile rotating shaft and processing method thereof |
| CN110666467A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-10 | 抚州申铃汽车配件有限责任公司 | Machining process of automobile front axle inner half shaft |
-
2020
- 2020-10-16 CN CN202011106889.3A patent/CN112338443A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102501017A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2012-06-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司航空动力控制系统研究所 | Method for processing internal spline of blind hole on end face of cylindrical shaft |
| CN104959629A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-07 | 安庆市吉安汽车零件锻轧有限公司 | Improvement method of shaft part machining technology |
| CN106246705A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-21 | 广州市锐美汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of electric motor of automobile rotating shaft and processing method thereof |
| CN110666467A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-10 | 抚州申铃汽车配件有限责任公司 | Machining process of automobile front axle inner half shaft |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114850802A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-05 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Machining process for spline connection disc of output end face teeth of intermediate transmission shaft |
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Application publication date: 20210209 |
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